2004年4月英美文学选读试题和答案

2024年4月外国文学作品选自考真题课程代码：00534一、单项选择题：本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分。

在每小题列出的备选项中只有一项是最符合题目要求的，请将其选出。

1．古希腊流传至今最早的文学作品是A．《荷马史诗》B．《普罗米修斯》C．《失去的友人》D．《俄狄浦斯王》2．“求你再度降临，亲爱的女神，/求你解救我于万般痛苦之中”里的“女神”是A．雅典娜B．蓓脱C．阿芙洛狄忒D．缪斯3．在《十日谈》的《第四天故事一》中，思想先进、目光敏锐、性格刚烈的新时代优秀女性形象是A．安德罗马克B．奥菲利娅C．纪斯卡多D．绮思梦达4．《巨人传》第一部中，当众在巴黎圣母院的钟楼上撒尿，玩弄大钟的人物是A．巴努日B．庞大固埃C．高康大D．法伊奥勒5．《堂吉诃德》通过对骑士小说典型情节的滑稽模仿，显示了骑士小说的A．荒唐之处B．高超之处C．结构之美D．人物之美6．《悭吝人》中的阿巴公的鲜明性格特征是A．贪婪、吝啬B．伪善、做作C．犹豫、迟疑D．矛盾、复杂7．歌德是德国18世纪伟大的A．启蒙主义作家B．浪漫主义作家C．现实主义作家D．表现主义作家8．“篱下的蟋蟀在歌唱，在园中/红胸的知更鸟就群起呼哨；/而群羊在山圈里高声咩叫；/丛飞的燕子在天空呢喃不歇。

”这几句诗侧重的是A．触觉描写B．听觉描写C．视觉描写D．嗅觉描写9．《叶甫盖尼·奥涅金》的体裁是A．历史小说10．在《红与黑》中，向德·拉莫尔侯爵推荐于连的人物是A．德·雷纳尔B．皮拉尔神父C．德·雷纳尔夫人D．谢朗神父11．恩格斯称赞《人间喜剧》包含着A．“父爱基督”B．“了不起的辩证法”C．“含泪的笑”D．“宗教博爱”12．《奥列弗·退斯特》中，理事先生们让奥利弗学习的“有用的手艺”是A．纺织B．扯麻絮C．砌砖头D．清理烟囱13．果戈里塑造了地主群像的小说是A．《外套》B．《钦差大臣》C．《死魂灵》D．《复活》14．法国作家中被誉为“短篇小说巨匠”的是A．巴尔扎克B．茨威格C．莫泊桑D．福楼拜15．《玩偶之家》第三幕最出色的戏剧手法是A．“冲突”B．“讨论”C．“追溯”D．“独白”16．《罪与罚》中劝说拉斯柯尔尼科夫去自首的人是A．索尼雅B．卢仁C．拉斯柯尔尼科夫的妹妹D．拉斯柯尔尼科夫的母亲17．《伊则吉尔老婆子》中，丹柯在黑暗的森林里用来照亮前进道路的是A．火炬B．蜡烛C．手电筒D．自己的心18．肖洛霍夫的作品始终关注的民族群体是A．哥萨克族B．巴什基尔族C．克罗地亚族D．塞尔维亚族19．茨威格在《世界上最美的坟墓》中赞美的作家是D．陀思妥耶夫斯基20．乔伊斯对20世纪的西方文学创作产生了深远影响，被尊奉为A．现实主义文学的代表B．现代主义文学的先驱C．象征主义文学的鼻祖D．魔幻现实主义文学的先驱21．格·斯泰因对海明威说：“你们都是迷惘的一代。

全国2004年4月高等教育自学考试英语阅读（一）试题课程代码：00595PART ONE （70 POINTS）I.TEXT COMPREHENSIONThe following comprehension questions are based on the texts you have learned, and each of them is provided with 4 choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best answer to each question and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points, 1 point each)1.In Gifts of the Magi, the two possessions Mr. and Mrs. Young took great pride in are ( ). A．Jim’s watch and Della’s hairB．Jim’s watch and Dell’s combsC．Della’s combs and Jim’s watch-chainD．Della’s hair and Jim’s watch-chain2.In No Marriage, No Apologies, Mrs. Frishberg said,“I’m not against the institution of marriage. We just never get around to it.”The underlined sentence means .A．we never have the courage to face the problem directlyB．we never go so far as to consider the matterC．we never overcome the obstacles of marriageD．we never finish discussing the problem with each other3.Lisabetta’s brothers decided to put an end to her secret love affai r by killing Lorenzo because they .A．thought that he would snatch their beautiful sister away from themB．considered the secret love affair a shame to the familyC．worried that Lorenzo would inherit the family fortuneD．looked upon Lorenzo as inferior to them in social rank4.The Wife of Bath intends to show with her tale that .A．men should be obedient to their wivesB．knights should be loyal to the King and the QueenC．women should be obedient to their husbandsD．husbands should be young and loving5.In Mark Twain’s The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County, Simon Wheeler is . A．a good-natured and extremely talkative old manB．fond of making fun of people with his long talesC．most curious about betting and dog fightD．a well-trained frog and the best jumper in Calaveras County6.According to The value of Education, our purpose of educating children is to .1A．choose a proper system of educationB．educate them only for the aim of educating themC．accustom them to varied lifeD．make them intelligent citizens7.The child in A Day’s Wait kept tight control over himself throughout the day because he . A．was afraid that he would die if he lost control over himselfB．thought he was going to die and he must show courage in the face of deathC．wanted to recover quickly so that he could go hunting with his fatherD．did not want to be a bother to and a burden on others8.Rip Van Winkle is taken from The Sketch Book, a collection of essays, sketches, and tales written by .A．Benjamin Franklin B．Thomas PaineC．Washington Irving D．O.Henry9.According to the passage English World-wide, many Third World people oppose the use of English in their countries because .A．they consider it a form of cultural imperialismB．the English language has produced racismC．other languages are easier to learnD．they are against modernization in general10.Aristotle, the Greek philosopher, summed up the four chief qualities of money some 2,000years ago as being durable, distinct, and portable.A．divisible B．definiteC．deficient D．decisive11.In New Applications, the illegal plan first came to Miriam when she discovered by accidentthat .A．Al Cropin’s grand scheme was not practicalB．the home-type computer improved the market conditionsC．the latest version of home-type computers was actually compatible with the one in her office D．everyone could use the terms to refer to the computer and its application software12.According to The Story of the Bible, Noah’s drunkenness and beh avior most probably reflectthat .A．people easily forgot their past mistakesB．people tended to enjoy a peaceful lifeC．Noah wanted to escape from his lonelinessD．Noah lacked the companionship of his children13.The Statue of Liberty reminds people of all the following EXCEPT .A．American democracyB．friendship between America and France2C．the support of FranceD．the journey of pilgrims14.According to the information in Gateway to the USA, New Y ork City was a bitter disillusionment tosome immigrants in that .A．it turned out to be a wretched placeB．there was no gold in the cityC．the competition was severe in the cityD．there was the language problem15.It can be concluded from the story The Perfect Match that .A．computers can be us ed to make every decision in people’s livesB．natural interactions are essential for human beingsC．marriage brings unexpected changes in people’s livesD．people tend to hide their true feeling before marriage16.From about the 5th century through the 15th century, Latin was regarded as all of the followingEXCEPT .A．the most suitable language in the worldB．the second language of educated people in EuropeC．a subject taught in schools and in collegesD．the language of the church17.In style, the story True Love is .A．a real love story B．an autobiographyC．a journalistic report D．a satirical fantasy18.In Bricks from the Tower of the Babel, the writer Jessica Davidson provides a detailedexplanation for .A．the construction of the towerB．the structure and sound system of EsperantoC．internationalization of some natural languagesD．the Indo-European language family19.According to The Merchant of Venice, all the following words can be used to describe PortiaEXCEPT .A．wise B．courageousC．merciful D．cautious20.Hollywood became an ideal site for shooting motion pictures chiefly because . A．most of the glamorous movie stars lived thereB．famous film corporations operated thereC．the climate there was sunny and mildD．the studio chiefs liked it very muchII.READING COMPREHENSION3In this part there are 4 reading passages followed by 20 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D. You should decide on the best answer or the best choice to complete the statement and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points, 2 points each)Passage 1When you’re negotiating with someone, listen for the messages that he or she might be sending to you. For example, the word “difficult”does not mean the same as impossible. Imagine you’re staying in a hotel, and you want to change your room. The manager’s answer of,“That would be very difficult, sir”,does not mean that he is saying “no.”It just means that he wants to know what you are prepared to offer him in return for the change of room.If you are buying a new car, and want to pay less than the price being asked, then the salesman’s comment, “I’m sorry, but we never negotiate on the price”, means that they do negotiate on other things, like the delivery time, or the “extra”that might be available as part of the purchase. In the same car showroom, if the salesman says, “Sorry, I can’t negotiate prices”, then your response should be to ask who can. The message the salesman is sending suggests that his boss is the one you need to be talking to.In all of these situations, the message is never communicated in clear terms. In any negotiation, the two “players”wish to get as much out of it as they can, of course. In the three examples above, the salesmen and the hotel manager are hoping that you will accept their price or conditions —but their “messages”make it clear that there may be room for movement and compromise. In a successful negotiation, the two sides move towards each other and reach agreement on conditions that satisfy both sides.21.The hotel manager’s answer “That would be very difficult, sir”implies .A．you can change the room if you find some excuseB．someone else has paid more for the room under discussionC．the room is available if an extra sum of money is offeredD．someone else has booked the room in return for more money22.When the salesmen tell you that they never negotiate on the price, you can . A．negotiate the price with the managerB．demand to see the one who canC．find out other possibilities in the purchaseD．accept the price without any further negotiation23.This passage is intended for .A．managers B．customersC．salesmen D．scholars424.The passage tells us how to .A．send massages in a negotiationB．become a successful salesmanC．profit from business transactionsD．receive messages in a negotiation25.It can be safely concluded from the passage that .A．at least two players should be in the room for communicationB．a lot can be inferred from what is actually stated in a negotiationC．you should never communicate your ideas in clear termsD．you should play the roles of a salesman and manager in a negotiationPassage 2Following football hero O.J.Simpson’s arrest in June 1994 for the murder of his ex-wife and one of her friends, Newsweek and Time magazines ran the same police mug shot of Simpson on their covers. Newweek’s version was a straight reproduction. Time electronically manipulated the photo to darken it and achieve a gloomy and threatening look that emphasized Simpson’s unshaven cheeks and African-American skin color. The alteration offended many readers and raised an increasingly familiar question: In an age of computer-controlled images, can anyone still trust a photograph?Altering a digitized image(数码技术相片), as Time did for its cover, has been one of the fastest-growing, most far-reaching, and most controversial(有争议的) techniques in contemporary photography. With this method a photograph is scanned(扫描), digitized (converted into a set of numeric values), and entered into a computer from which the operator can control the image almost in any way imaginable: add, delete, or change the position of visual elements; modify tones and colors; create montages; combine photographs; and even create entirely imaginary scenes. The digitized image can be stored in a data base, output as a print(底片) or transparency(透明胶片), or converted for video-screen display.Electronic image manipulation arrived in force in the 1980s with a new type of computers that cost on the order of $500,000 or more and occupied and entire room. More compact and far less expensive desktop systems soon appeared, capable of, at least, limited image control and available at chain-store prices.The ever-rising flood of digitized visual information may not, as some critics fear, fatally destroy the certainty of photographic evidence. Yet many observers agree that both suppliers and consumers of photographic information must exercise greater care than before to tell fact from falsehood in the images they use.526.Which of the following magazines was accused of distorting the murderer’s photograph by many readers?A．Time. B．Newsweek.C．Washington Post. D．Not mentioned in the passage27.Nowadays, electronic image alterations are .A．unbearably expensiveB．more expensive in the StatesC．only available in chain storesD．far less expensive than before28.The digitized alteration technique is .A．developing with great careB．very capable and developing rapidlyC．strongly criticized due to its easy accessD．fatal in destroying the certainty of photographic evidence29.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A．With digitized alteration techniques, a photograph may be scanned, digitized and altered. B．With digitized alteration techniques, the digitized images can be stored in a data base or transformed for video-screen display.C．With digitized alteration techniques, both suppliers and consumers of photographic information are able to tell fact from falsehood in the image they use.D．With digitized alteration techniques, it is possible for the computer operators to control the image almost in any conceivable way.30.What is the author’s attitude toward the technique of digitized image manipulation? A．Critical. B．Objective.C．Indifferent. D．Supportive.Passage 3The importance of symbols as a source of cultural diversity can be seen in the dress codes and hairstyles of different societies. In most situations, the symbolism of clothing and hairstyles communicates different messages ranging from political beliefs to identification with specific ethnic or religious groups. The tartan(格子呢) of a Scottish clan, the black leather jacket and long hair of a motorcycle gang member in the United States, and the veil of an Islamic woman in Saudi Arabia provide a symbolic vocabulary that creates cultural diversity.Many examples of clothing styles could be used to illustrate how symbols are used to produce cultural diversity. Consider, for instance, changing dress codes in the United States. During the 1960s, many young people wore jeans, sandals, and beads to symbolize their rebellion against what they conceived as the conformist inclinations of American society. By the 1980s, many of the6same people were wearing “power suits”as they sought to advance up the corporate ladder.An example of how hairstyles can create meaningful symbolic codes can be seen in a group known as the Rastafarians(sometimes known as Rastas or Rastaman) of Jamaica. The majority of the people of Jamaica are of African descent. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, they were brought to Jamaica by European slave traders to work on plantations. The Rastafarians are a specific religious group within Jamaica who believe that Haile Selassie(1892-1975), the former emperor of Ethiopia, whose original name was Ras Tafari, was the black Messiah who appeared in the flesh for the redemption of all blacks exiled in the world of white oppression. Rastafarian religion fuses Old Testament teachings, Christian mysticism, and Afro-Jamaican religious beliefs. The Rastafarian movement originated as a consequence of harsh economic, political, and living conditions in the slums of Jamaica.In the 1950s, during the early phase of the Rastafarian movement, some male members began to grow their hair in “locks”or “dreadlocks”to symbolize their religious and political commitments. This hairstyle became well known in Western society through reggae(强节奏黑人音乐) music and Rasta musicians such as the late Bob Marley. Rastafarians derive the symbolism of the dreadlock hairstyle of the Rastafarians from the Bible. They view the unshaven man as the natural man and invoke Samson as one of the most important figures in the Bible. Dreadlocks also reflect a dominant symbol within the Rastafarian movement, the lion, which is associated with Haile Selassie, one of whose titles was the “Conquering Lion of Judah(犹大).”To simulate the spirit of the lion, some Rastas do not cut their hair, sometimes growing their locks 20 inches or more.Thus, to a great extent, culture consists of a network of symbolic codes that enhance values, beliefs, worldviews, and ideologies within a society, Humans go to a great length to create symbols that provide meaning for individuals and groups. These symbolic meanings are a powerful source of cultural diversity.31.What is the main idea of this selection?A．Hairstyles and dress codes identify political beliefs in diverse societies.B．The Rastafarian movement symbolized a religious and political commitment.C．Symbols provide meaning and a satisfaction of biological needs in society.D．Hairstyles and dress codes can be important symbols of cultural diversity in different societies.32.The author uses the examples of the Scottish tartan, the motorcycle jacket, and the Islamic veilto show .A．the political power of dress codes in different societiesB．the diversity of clothing styles throughout the world7C．dress codes that symbolize different ethnic and religious groupsD．the resistance to change of culturally different groups33.The author suggests that the young people wearing jeans in the 1960s wore “power suits”inthe 1980s because .A．styles changed B．the American government changedC．their attitudes and goals changed D．both outfits symbolized rebellion34.All of the following are true of the Rastafarians EXCEPT .A．they believe that Emperor Haile Selassie was the black MessiahB．they are the original natives of JamaicaC．they are a religious group with political commitmentsD．they formed as a result of harsh living conditions in Jamaica35.The Rastafarian movement began .A．at the beginning of the nineteenth centuryB．around the middle of the twentieth centuryC．before European slave traders arrivedD．in the early eighteenth centuryPassage 4A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulses. To prove the latter, one would have to show in controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. Aggressive, destructive, sadistic(虐待狂的) impulses every child has and, on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seem to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are , I think, well-authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc., do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of madmen8attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girlfriend.No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane child has ever believed that it was.36.The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is .A．repeated without variation B．treated with respectC．adapted by the parent D．set in the present37.Fairy stor ies are a means by which children’s impulses may be .A．beneficially channeled B．given a destructive tendencyC．held back until maturity D．effectively suppressed38.According to the passage great fear can be stimulated in a child when the story is . A．in a realistic setting B．heard for the first timeC．repeated too often D．dramatically told39.The advantage claimed for repeating a fairy story to young children is that it . A．makes them come to terms with their fearsB．develops their power of memoryC．convinces them there is nothing to be afraid ofD．encourages them not to have ridiculous beliefs40.The author’s mentioning of broomsticks and telephones is meant to suggest that . A．fairy stories are still being made upB．there might be confusion about different kinds of truthC．people try to modernize old fairy storiesD．there is more concern for children’s fears nowadaysIII.SKIMMING AND SCANNINGIn this part there are 3 reading passages followed by 10 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 answers marked A,B,C and D. Skim or scan the passages, then decide on the best answer or the best choice to complete the statement and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points,1 point each)Passage 1When we call someone a pig or a swine, we do not mean it as a compliment. But pigs do not deserve to be used as a symbol for an insult. They are probably not as dirty as they are made out to be. According to one pig keeper, swine are very clean when allowed to live in a clean environment. He feels pigs are usually dirty simply because their keepers don’t clean their pens. In any case, no one has proven that the pig that wallows in mud prefers that to a cool bath. Furthermore, pigs are smarter than most wallows in mud prefers that to a cool bath. Furthermore, pigs are smarter than most people think. Many farmers, for example, have observed that pigs frequently undo9complicated bolts on gates in search of adventure or romance. So the next time you call someone a pig, perhaps he or she ought to be someone you wish to praise.41.This passage deals with .A．the reasons why pigs are dirtyB．people’s wrong perceptions of pigsC．how to insult or compliment peopleD．why people like to keep pigs42.One pig keeper feels that pigs will stay clean if they are .A．given cool baths every dayB．praised from time to timeC．kept in a clean environmentD．allowed to seek adventure or romance43.The detail that pigs “can undo complicated bolts on gates”supports the opinion that . A．pigs sometimes can be adventurousB．pigs are generally misunderstood by peopleC．pigs are also mischievous and romanticD．pigs are smarter than most people thinkPassage 2The large, gleaming refrigerator is the focal point of most American kitchens. It holds enough food to last many days. It is cold enough to preserve that food well. Its advantages are clear. But that big refrigerator has its drawbacks as well, although they are not usually recognized. First of all, the large refrigerator encourages the hoarding of food, obesity and other eating problems. Also, it has destroyed the pleasant custom, still common in Europe, of going to market each day. Picking out one’s fresh produce daily while chatting with friends and neigh bors is no longer a part of our lives. In addition, people’s desire to buy huge amounts of groceries just a few times a month has encouraged the growth of supermarkets and destroyed local grocery stores. Another victim of the giant refrigerator has been sm all local farmers, who can’t compete against the mega-producers favored by the supermarkets.44.According to the passage, which of the following is regarded by the author as one of the victims of the “giant refrigerator”?A．The supermarkets. B．The local grocery stores.C．The American kitchens D．The mega-producers45.From this passage, you could infer that many Europeans .A．are more economical shoppers than AmericansB．are better cooksC．enjoy eating moreD．don’t have “giant”refrigerators46.The author’s tone in this passage is mainly .10A．cheerful B．depressingC．critical D．optimistic47.The passage mainly deals with .A．the advantages of shopping patterns in EuropeB．disadvantages and advantages of large refrigeratorsC．fresh, healthy produce and daily meeting with friendsD．wonderful modern kitchen appliancesPassage 3Urbanization and industrialization demanded new directions in education. Public education, once a dream, now becomes a reality. Education was forced to meet new social changes. American society was getting much more complex; literacy became more essential. Secondary education, which had been almost totally in the hands of private individuals up to the time of the Civil War, gradually became a public concern. By the early 1900s there were over 7000 high schools, totaling an enrollment of over 1 million. Technological changes demand more vocational training. Subjects such as bookkeeping, typing, agriculture, woodworking, and metalworking were introduced into the curriculum. American education finally was becoming universal.Higher education also responded to the need for more and different education. The Morril Act of 1862 established state land grant colleges that taught agricultural methods and vocational subjects. While curriculums included a large number of required courses during the first two years of college, more elective subjects were added during the last two years. In 1876 Hopkins University instituted America’s first graduate school for advanced stud y. In general, American education began to respond to the complexities of the industrial age and the need for a new focus in education.48.One factor, repeatedly emphasized in the passage, is that .A．technological changes demanded more vocational trainingB．teaching methods were also changingC．higher education also responded to the need for more different educationD．education was forced to meet new social changes49.Literacy became more essential because .A．American public education was far from enoughB．American society was growing more complexC．the public was concerned about secondary educationD．far fewer subjects were introduced into the school curriculum50.In the last paragraph of the passage, the word “instituted”means .A．set up B．providedC．set forth D．prepared11PART TWO (30 POINTS)IV.WORD FORMATIONSComplete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the word given in the brackets. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points, 1 point each)51.(title) Being a member you to discounts on tickets.52.(essence) She has added a few characters and changed some names but this is atrue story.53.(advantage) She argued that social , such as lacking a good living condition or agood standard of education, are major causes of crime.54.(effect) She is not officially our boss, but she is in control of the office.55.(courage) It was of the young man to challenge the professor as to the potentialgenetic therapies.56.(supervise) Most health services are provided free of charge for low-income groups and atmoderate charges for others, through local and national agencies, under theof the Department of Health.57.(employ) Four out of five U.S.corporations with more than 500 now offereducational opportunities to workers, and many professional associations haveeducational programs for their members.58.(wide) The range of university courses available has tremendously in recentyears.59.(consider) The nature of Canadian households has changed over the pastquarter-century.60.(afford) Radio exposed a wider audience to country music while new, relativelyinexpensive recording technology made records available at prices. V.ANSWER THE QUESTIONSThere are 4 groups of simple questions in this part, which are based on the texts you have learned. Give a brief answer to each of the questions. Your answers must be to the point and grammatically correct. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points, 5 points each)61.In The Necklace by de Maupassant, what did Mme. Loisel strongly wish for and how do youaccount for those wishes? What is the irony in the story?(From The Necklace) 62.Why did Smiley name his frog Daniel Webster? What did Smiley try to train him to do? Forwhat purpose did he train his frog?(From The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Cavaveras County) 63.According to Bricks from the Tower of the Bable, what are the purpose, ideal features andlimitations of a universal language?12(From Bricks from the Tower of the Babel) 64.According to David Givens in What Body Language Can Tell you That Words Cannot, what isbody language? What features does it have? Cite one or two examples of body language from the text.(From What Body Language Can Tell You That Words Cannot)13。

南开大学2004年研究生入学考试试题考试科目：英美文学 专业：英语语言文学Part One Defining The Literary TermsDirections: give brief explanations to the following terms and write all your answers on the Answer Sheets. (30 points)1. allegory2. tragicomedy3. alliteration4. stream of consciousness5. lyric6. gothic novel7. free verse8. iambic pentameter9. heroic couplet10. meter11. old English12. sonnet13. point of view14.blank versePart Two: Analysis of Literary WorksDirections: Read the following selections and answer briefly the questions in your own words.Please write all your answers on the Answer Sheet. (60 points)Selection OneUncle Tom’s Cabin (Harriet Beecher Stowe)A Slave Warehouse! Perhaps some of my readers conjure up horrible visions of such a place. They fancy some foul, obscure den, some horrible Tartarus “informis, ingens, cui lumen ademptum.” But no, innocent friend! In these days men have learned the art of sinning expertly and genteelly, so as not to shock the eyes and senses of respectable society. Human property is high in the market; and is therefore well fed, well cleaned, tended and looked after, that it may come to sale sleek, and strong, and shining. A slave warehouse in New Orleans is a house externally not much unlike many others, kept with neatness; and where every day you may see arranged, under a sort of shed along the outside, rows of men and women, who stand there as a sign of the property sold within.1. What is the social significance of this novel? Discuss it with reference to its theme.2. What are the features of local colorism? Discuss the local colorism with reference to this novel. Selection TwoLady Lazarus (Sylvia Plath)I have done it again.one year in every tenI manage it—A sort of walking miracle, my skinBright as a Nazi lampshade,My right footA paperweight,My face a featureless, fineJew linen.Peel off the napkinO my enemy.Do I terrify?—The nose, the eye pits, the full set of teeth?The sour breathWill vanish in a day.3. Read the five stanzas taken from the poem. What does the poet want to convey inthis poem?4. Discuss the Confessional Poetry with reference to this poem.Selection 3The Red Badge of Courage (Stephen Crane)Chapter 1The cold passed reluctantly from the earth, and the retiring fogs revealed an army stretched out on the hills, resting. As the landscape changed from brown to green, the army awakened, and began to tremble with eagerness at the noise of rumors. It cast its eyes upon the roads, which were growing from long troughs of liquid mud to proper thoroughfares. A river, amber-tinted in the shadow of its banks, purpled at the army’s feet; and at night, when the stream had become of a sorrowful blackness, one could see across it the red eyelike gleam of hostile camp-fires set in the low brows of distant hills.5. Discuss its main character.6. Discuss American Naturalism with reference to this novel.Selection Fourl(a (e.e. cummings)l(aleaffalls)oneliness7. What is the message conveyed by the poet? Discuss the features of imagism with reference to this poem.8. Comment on the technique adopted by the poet.Selection FiveThe Harbor (Carl Sandburg)Passing through huddled and ugly wallsBy doorways where womenLooked from their hunger-deep eyes,Haunted with shadows of hunger-hands,Out from the huddled and ugly walls,I came sudden, at the city’s edge,On a blue burst of lake,Long lake waves breaking under the sunOn a spray-flung of shore;And a fluttering storm of gulls,Masses of great gray wingsAnd flying white belliesVeering and wheeling free in the open.9. Comment on the message conveyed by the poet.I0. Comment on the skills used by the poet.Selection SixA Valediction: Forbidding Mourning (John Donne)As virtuous men pass mildly away,And whisper to their souls to go,Whilst some of their sad friends do sayThe breath goes now, and some say, No;So let us melt, and make no noise,No tear-floods, nor sigh-tempests move,Twere profanation of our joysTo tell the laity our love.Moving of the earth brings harms and fears,Men reckon what it did and meant;But trepidation of theThough greater far, is innocent.Dull sublunary lovers’ love(Whose soul is sense) cannot admitAbsence, because it doth removeThose things which elemented it:But we by a love so much refinedThat our selves know not what it is,Inter-assured of the mind,Care less, eyes, lips, and hands to miss.Our two souls therefore, which are one,Though I must go, endure not yetA breach, but an expansion,Like gold to airy thinness beat.If they be two, they are two soAs stiff twin compasses are two;Thy soul, the fixed foot, makes no showTo move, but doth, if the other do.And though it in the center sit,Yet when the other far doth roam,It leans and hearkens after it,And grows erect, as it comes home.Such wilt thou be to me, who mustLike the other foot, obliquely run;Thy firmness makes my circle just,And makes me end where I began.11. Paraphrase stanza 6 of the poem. Do you think it is proper that the author compares the partingof lovers to a process of working gold? Why do you think so?12. Paraphrase the last three stanzas of the poem, explaining what happens to the two feet of acompass as one moves away and then returns.13. What effect is achieved by the speaker’s associating himself and his beloved with the sphere(line 11)?14. Why should the parting of the lovers not be a cause for mourning? What is true love,according to this poem? How persuasive is the speaker?15. What differences do you find between this poem of love and the love poems by EdmundSpencer or by William Shakespeare you have read?Part Three Essay Writing (Please write your essays on the Answer Sheet.)Direction: Write an essay on TWO of the following topics so as to demonstrate your understanding as well as your English proficiency. You are expected to write aWELL-ORIGANIZED essay (with your thesis clearly stated, effectivelydeveloped and properly concluded) in about 200 words. (40 points)Section A1. Discuss William Faulkner’s relationship to the South and his conception of it in hisnovels. Detailed analysis of his works is necessary.2. Write an essay showing how William Wordsworth exemplifies romantic period inthe history of British literature. State each characteristic of the period, and for eachgive examples from William’s Wordsworth’s works.3. Comment upon Hemingway’s theme, style and the typical Hemingway hero withreference to his two major works.4. How does The Leather stocking Tales embody the myth of the West? Detailed analysis ofThoreau’s works is necessary.Section BDirections: Read the following and write a COHERENT analysis in no less than 200 words.You should include such elements as its social significance, the setting, plot,characters, theme, and writing technique. Your original ideas will be appreciated.(20 points)Catch-22Joseph HellerChapter FortyThere was, of course, a catch.“Catch-22?” inquired Yossarian.“Of course,” Colonel Korn answered pleasantly, after he had chased the mighty guard of massive M. P. s out with an insouciant flick of his hand and a slightly contemptuous nod--most relaxed, as always, when he could be most cynical. His rimless square eyeglasses glinted with sly amusement as he gazed at Yossarian. “After all, we can’t simply send you home for refusing to fly more missions and keep the rest of the men here, can we? That would hardly be fair to them.”“You’re goddam right!” colonel Cathcart blurted out, lumbering back and forth gracelessly like a winded bull, puffing and pouting angrily. “I’d like to tie him up hand and foot and throw him abroad a plane on every mission. That’s what I’d like to do.”Colonel Korn motioned Colonel Cathcart to be silent and smiled at Yossarian “You know, you really have been making things terribly difficult for Colonel Cathcart,” he observed with flip good humor, as though the fact did not displease him at all. “The men are unhappy and morale is beginning to deteriorate. And it’s all your fault.”“It’s your fault,” Yossarian argued, “for raising the number of missions.”“No, it’s your fault for refusing to fly them,” Colonel Korn retorted. “The men were perfectly content to fly as many missions as we asked as long as they thought they had no alternative. Now you’ve giving them hope, and they’re unhappy. So the blame is all yours.”。

（完整版）《英美文学》练习题库及答案I Of the four alternative answer, choose the one that would best complete the statement:1. Benjamin Franklin was born in the family of a small ___________ .A. LandlordB. merchantC. lawyerD. clergyman2. Ralph Waldo Emerson 'asdilneg reputation began with the publication of ___________ .A. EssaysB. NatureC. OversoulD. Self-Relience3. Ellen Poe was both a poet and a ____________________ .A. dramatistB. essayist C actor D. fiction writer.4. Nathaniel Hawthorne ' s view of man and human history originates in __________________ .A. PuritanismB. SocialismC. TranscendentalismD. naturalism5. Walt Whitman was born and brought up in a family of a _____________ .A. PeasantB. carpenterC. captainD. printer6. Mark Twain ' s first successful literary work is _____________________________ .A. The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras CountyB. Life on the MississippiC. The Adventure of Tom SawyerD. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn7. Closely related to Emily Dickinson ' s religious poetry are her poems concerning ________________A. ChildhoodB.youth and happinessC. lonelinessD. death and immortality8. Among the works of Dreiser, the bet known to the Chinese readers is _______________ .A. An American TragedyB. Sister CarrieC. Th FinancierD. The Titan9. Robert Frost ' s works mainly focus on the landscape and people in ___________________ .A. the WestB. American SouthC. New EnglandD. Mississippi10. Most of the plays Eugene O l w 'roNt e ilare ______________________ .A. comediesB. . romancesC. historical plays D tragedies11. Scott Fitzgerald is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the ____________________ .A. modern timeB. young AmericansC. Jazz AgeD. Guilded Age12. ____________________________ is Hemingway ' smasterpiece, which is about the old fishermanSantiago and his losing battle with a giant marlin.A. Farewell to ArmsB. For whom the Bell TollsC. The Sun Also RisesD. The Old Man and The Sea13. As a great fiction writer, William Faulker devotes most of his works to the description of the life and the people in the _______________________________ .A. American WestB. New England in AmericaC. American SouthD. American North14. When he was young, Benjamin Franklin became an apprentice in a ________________ .A. printing houseB. storeC. Tailor ' s shopD. factory15. Ralph Emerson was born in a family of a ___________________ .A. merchantB. businessmanC. clergymanD. writer16. Ellen Poe began his literary career by writing _________________ ;A. short storiesB. playsC. essaysD. poems17. According to Nathaniel Hawthorne, there is ________ in every hearer, which may remain latent, perhaps,英美文学》练习测试题库及答案本科through the whole life; but circumstances may rouse it to activity.A. evilB. virtueC. kindn essD. tragedy18. Whitman is radically innovative in term of form of his poetry. What he prefers for his new subjects and new feeli ngs is ____________ .A. bla nk verseB. free verseC. heroic coupletD. sonnet19. Mark Twain shaped the world ' s view of America and made a comb in ati on of serious literature and _______A. America n folk humorB. En glish folkloreC. America n traditi onal valuesD. funny jokes20. Altogether, Emily Dick inson wrote ____ poems, of which only sever n had appeared duri ng her lifetime.A. 1145B. 1775C. 897D. 78521. Theodore Dreiser is gen erally ack no wledged as one of America' s literaryA. realistsB. n aturalistsC. roma ntistsD. modernists 22. In Frost ' s poems, images and metaphors in his poems are drawn from ___________________A. the simple country lifeB. the urba n lifeC. the life on the seaD. the adve ntures and trips23. Scott Fitzgerald never spared an intimate touch in his fiction to deal with the bankruptcy of the24. Eugene O ' Neill is regarded as the founder of American _____________________ .A. poetryB. dramaC. ficti onD. literature25. _________________ is Hemingway ' s masterpiece, which tellsa story about the tragic love of a woundecAmerican soldier with a British nurse.C. For Whom the Bell Tolls 26. William Faulk ner was born ina family of a ______________________ .A. mercha ntB. colonelC. man agerD. doctor27. In his essays, ______ p ut forward his philosophy of the over soul, the importa nt of the In dividual and Nature.A. Natha niel HawthorneB. Washi ngton IrvingC. Mark Twai nD. Ralph Waldo Emers on28. The chief spokesma n of New En gla nd Transcenden talism is _______A. Natha niel HawthorneB. Ralph Waldo Emers onC. Henry David ThoreauD. Wash ington Irvi ng29. _____ l iterary world turns out to be a most disturbed, tormented and problematical one, which has much to do with his black” vision of life and human beings.A. Herma n Melville'sB. Washi ngton Irvi ng'sC. Nathaniel Hawthorne'sD. Walt Whitman s30. Most of the poems in ____ sing of the en-masse and the self as well.A. Leaves of GrassB. Drum TapsC. North of Bost onD. The Can tos31. In ____ , Whitma n airs his sorrow at Preside nt Lin colnsdeath.A. Cavalry Crossing a FordB. A Pact ”C. When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom 'dD. There was a Child Went Forth ”A. America n DreamB. ruli ng classes B. America n Capitalists D.America n bourgeoisieA. A Farewell to ArmsB. The Sun Also RisesD. In Our Time32.In ___ , Whitman's own early experience may well be identified with the childhood of a young growingAmerica.A. “A Pact”B. “Song of Myself ”C. “There was a Child Went Forth”D. “Cavalry Crossing a Ford”33.In _____ , Hawthorne sets out to prove that everyone possesses some evil secret.A. “The Custom-House”B. “Young Goodman Brown”C. “Rappaccini's Daughter”D. “The Birthmark"34. _____ is called by Hemingway the one from which“all modern American literature c omes”.A. The adventures of Huckleberry FinnB. The Adventures of Tom aSwyerC. The Gilded AgeD. Life on the Mississippi35. Theodore Dreiser's forgiving treatment of the career of his heroine in ____ also draws heavily upon thenaturalistic understanding of sexuality.A McTeague B. An American Tragedy C. Sister Carri e D. The Genius36. _____ is a great giant of American, whom H.L.Mencken considers “the true father of our nationalliterature.”A. Henry JamesB. Washington IrvingC. Mark TwainD. Theodore Dreiser37. _____ is usually regarded as a classic book written for boys about their particular horrors and joys.A. The Adventures of Tom SawyerB. The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnC. Innocents AbroadD. Life on the Mississippi38. _____ is described by Mark Twain as a boy with“a sound heart and a deformed conscienc”e.A. Tom SawyerB. Huckleberry FinnC. JimD.Tony39. _______ is considered to be Theodore Dreise'sr greatest work.A. An American TragedyB. Sister CarrieC. The FinancierD. The Titan40. The leading playwright of the modern period in American literature, if not the most successful in all hisexperiments, is ______A. Arthur MillerB. Tennessee WilliamC. George Bernard ShawD. Eugene O'Neil41. The well- known soliloquy by Hamlet “ T o be , or not to be ' shows hisA. hatred for his uncleB. love for lifeC. resolution of revengeD. inner- strife42. _______ is a play that concerns the problem of modern ma'sn identity.A. The Hairy ApeB. Long Day's Journey Into NightC. The Iceman ComethD. The Emperor Jones43.In a tragic sense, ______ is a representation of life as a struggle against unconquerable forces in whichonly a partial victory is possible.A. For Whom the Bell TollsB. In Our TimeC. The Old Man and the SeaD. A Farewell to Arms44. Faulkner once said that _________ is a story of “ lost innocence,'which proves itself to be andintensification of the theme of imprisonment in the past.A. The Sound and the FuryB. Light in AugustC. Go Down, MosesD. Absalom, Absalom! 45.In A Rose for Emily, Faulkner makes best use of the __________________________ devices in narration.A. RomanticB. RealisticC. GothicD. Modernist46. _____ is Hemingway's first true novel in which he depictsa vivid portrait of “The lost Generation.”A. The Sun Also RisesB. A Farewell to ArmsC. In Our TimeD. For Whom the Bell Tolls47. The only dramatist ever to win a Nobel Prize was _________ .A. Bernard ShawB. Eugene O'NeilC. Richard Brinsley SheridanD. William Shakespeare48. __________________________ By means of “free verse,” believes that he has turned the poem into anopen field, an area of vitalpossibility where the reader can allow his own imagination to play.A. Emily DickinsonB. Walt WhitmanC. Robert FrostD. Ezra Pound49. An eccentric woman who refuses to accept the passageoftime, or the inevitable change and loss thataccompanies it may probably refer to ______ .A. Irene in The Man of PropertyB. Emily in A Rose for EmilyC. Catherine in Wuthering HeightsD. the widow Douglas in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn50. One source of evil that Nathaniel Hawthorne is concerned most is overreaching intellect. Which of the following stories is one of this kind?A. Rappaccini's DaughterB. Young Goodman BrownC. The Minister's Black VeilD. The Birthmark51. “In your rocking-chair, by your window, shall you dream such happiness as you may never feel. ”This is the last sentence of __________ .A. Sister CarrieB. An American TragedyC. The GeniusD. Jane Eyre 52.In Walt Whitman's “There was a Child Went Forth”, the child refers to _________________________________________ .A. the poet himself as a childB. any American childC. the young AmericaD. one of the poet's neighbor53. The ______ techniques are used in some of Eugene O'Neil 's plays to highlight the theatrical effect of therupture between the two sides of an individual human being, the private and the public.A. naturalisticB. expressionisticC. stream-of-consciousnessD. metaphysical54. Which of the following is true as far as Emily Dickinson 's poetry is concerned? A. She seldom uses dashes.B. All her poems are about death or immorality.C. Her poems are very personal and meditativeD. Her poems usually have well-chosen titles. 55.In his poems, Whitman tends to use ___________________ .A. oral EnglishB. the King 's EnglishC. American EnglishD. old English56. As far as Nathaniel Hawthorne's art is concerned, which of the following statement is true? A. His The Scarlet Letter tells a love story.B. His art is deeply influenced by Puritanism because he was a puritan himself.C. Young Goodman Brownis a story about superstition.D. Ambiguity is one of the salient characteristics of his art.57. “I like to see it lap the Miles—And lick the Valleys up —And stop to feed itself at Tanks—And the n ---- ” (Emily Dick inson, “like to see it lap the Miles—)Here “it” refers to _____ .A. loveB. deathC. a flyD. the train58. Which of the following statements concerning Theodore Dreise'rs style is correct?A. Dreiser'sCowperwood trilogy includes The Financier, The Titan and The GeniusB. His novels have little detail descriptions of characters and events.C. His novels are written in refined language.D. His style is not polished but very serious.59. ____ has long been well known as a poet who can hardly be classified with the old or the new.A. Ezra PoundB. Robert Lee FrostC. T. S. EliotD. Emily Dickinson60. F. Scott Fitzgerald skillfully employs the device of having events observe by ___________ to his greatadvantage.。

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I.Multiple Choice(40points in all,1for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement.Mark your choice by blackening the corresponding letter A,B,C orD on the answer sheet.1.Shakespeare has established his giant position in world literature with his______plays,154sonnets and2long poems.BA.27B.38C.47D.522.john Milton’s literary achievement can be divided into three groups:the early poetic works,the middle prose pamphlets and the last______.CA.romancesB.dramasC.great poemsD.ballads3.The novels of______are the first literary works devoted to the study of problems of the lower—class people.CA.John MiltonB.Daniel DefoeC.Henry FieldingD.Jonathan Swift4.The work ranked by many critics as William Wordswoth’s greatest work was______.BA.Lyrical BalladsB.The PreludeC.Poems in Two VolumesD.The Excursion5.The author of The History of Tom Jones,a Foundling is ______.CA.Daniel DefoeB.Johathan SwiftC.Henry FieldingD.William Blake6.The works of______are famous for the depiction of the life of the middle—class women,particularly governess.*BA.Charlotte BrontewrenceC.Thomas HardyD.Jane Austen7.All of the following writings are created by William Wordsworth EXCEPT______.DA.“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud.”B.“Composed upon Westminster Bridge,Septemer3,1802.”C.“The Solitary Reaper.”D.“The Chimney Sweeper.”8.The most important representative work by Jonathan Swift is______.DA.A Tale of a TubB.The Battle of the BooksC.A Modest ProposalD.Gulliver's Travels9“If winter comes,can Spring be far behind?”comes from Shelly’s______.DA.“To a Skylark”B.“Adonais”C.“Ode to Liberty”D.“Ode to the West Wind”10.In Jane Austen's first novel______,she tells a story about two sisters and their love affairs.BA.Pride and PrejudiceB.Sense and SensibilityC.EmmaD.Persuasion11.Charles Dickens is one of the greatest______writers of the Victorian Age.DA.romanticB.modernistC.socialistD.critical realist12.Charlotte Bronte's most autobiographical work,______ is largely based on her experience in Brussels.AA.Jane EyreB.ShirleyC.VilletteD.The Professor13.William Wordsworth's theory of poetry is calling for simple themes drawn from humble life expressed in the language of ordinary people.The preface to the second edition of______acts as a manifesto for the new school and sets forth his own critical creed.AA.Lyrical BalladsB.The PreludeC.Poems in Two VolumsD.The Excursion14.George Bernard Shaw's play______established his position as the leading playwright of his time.*CA.Widowers’HousesB.Too True to Be GoodC.Mrs.Warren's ProfessionD.Candida15.Eliot's most important single poem______,has been hailed as a landmark and a model of the20th-century English poetry.BA.The Hollow MenB.The Waste LandC.Prurrock and Other ObservationsD.Poems1909-2516. D. /doc/info-926f89635dbfc77da26925 c52cc58bd630869377.htmlwrence’s autobiographical novel, ______shows the conflict between the earthy,coarse, energetic but often drunken father and the refined,strong —willed and up—climbing mother.AA.Sons and LoversB.The White PeacockC.The TrespasserD.The Rainbow17.“To be,or not to be—that is the question;/Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer./The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,/Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,/And by opposing end them?”These words are from ______.DA.King LearB.RomeoC.AntonioD.Hamlet18.John Milton’s last important work,______is the most powerful dramatic poem on the Greek model.AA.Paradise LostB.Paradise RegainedC.Samson AgonistesD.Lydidas19.The author of Moll Flanders and Captain Singleton is ______.BA.John MiltonB.Daniel DefoeC.Henry FieldingD.Jonathan Swift20.Drapier is the pseudonym of______.AA.Jonathan SwiftB.Daniel DefoeC.Henry FieldingD.William Blake21.One of Dickens'later works,______in which he presents a criticism of the governmental branches which run an indefinite procedure of management ofaffairs and keep the innocent in prison for life.BA.Bleak HouseB.Little DorritC.Hard TimesD.A Tale of Two Cities22.In the second part of Gulliver's Travels,Gulliver told his experience in______.AA.BrobdingnagB.LilliputC.Flying IslandD.Houyhnhnm23.Faulkner used the narrative techniques to construct his stories,which include______and mythological and biblical allusions.AA.symbolismB.free indirect speechC.contrastD.dialogue24.Ernest Hemingway,had been trying to demonstrate in his works an unvarying code,known as“______,”which is actually an attitude towards life.BA.facing the realityB.grace under pressureC.honesty with benevolenceD.security coming first25.The Blithedale Romance is a novel written by Hawthorne to reveal his own experience on the Brook Farm and his own methods as a______novelist.CA.naturalistB.imagistC.psychologicalD.feminist26.Theodore Dreiser's focus shifted from the pathos of the helpless protagonists at the bottom of the society to the power of the Americanfinancial tycoons in the late19th century in his work ______.DA.The GeniusB.An American TragedyC.Dreiser Looks at RussiaD.“Trilogy of Desire”27.Emily Dickinson frequently uses personae to render the tone more familiar to the reader,and______to vivify some abstract ideas.DA.imagesB.metaphorC.symbolsD.personification28.In his later works,Melville becomes more reconciled with the______,in which he admits,one must live by rules.BA.womenB.world of manC.familyD.politicians29.Walt Whitman's______has always been considered a monumental work which commands great attention in America.BA.The Pilgrim’s ProgressB.Leaves of GrassC.A Passage to IndiaD.Rip Van Winkle30.Mark Twain’s full literary career began to blossom in1869with a travel book______,an account of American tourists in Europe.AA.Innocents AbroadB.The Portrait of A LadyC.The Grapes of WrathD.The Great Gatsby31.With the development of the modern novel and the common acceptance of the______approach,Henry James's importance,as well as his wide influence as a novelist and critic,has been all the more conspicuous.AA.deconstructionB.romanticC.FreudianD.analytic32.Emily Dickinson addresses the issues that concern the whole human beings in her poems,which include religion, death,______,love,and nature.AA.immortalityB.wealthC.powerD.politics33.In Sister Carrie Theodore Dreiser expressed his______ pursuit by expounding the purposelessness of life and attacking the conventional moral standards.BA.romanticB.realisticC.naturalisticD.modernistic34.Profound ideas in Robert Frost's poems are delivered under the disguise of______.AA.the plain language and the simple formB.the vivid descriptionsC.metaphorsD.the complicated narration35.In______Hemingway presents his philosophy about life and death throughthe depiction of the bullfight as a kind of microcosmic tragedy.BA.The Green Hills of AfricaB.Death in the AfternoonC.The Snows of KilimanjaroD.To Have and Have Not36Of Faulkner’s literary works,four novels are masterpieces by any standards:The Sound and the Fury, Light in August,Absalom,Absalom!and______.AA.Go Down,MosesB.The FableC.The Snows of KilimanjaroD.To Have and Have Not37.As Whitman saw it,______could play a vital part in the process ofcreating a new nation.CA.musicB.fictionC.poetryD.painting38.In many of Hawthorne's stories and novels,the Puritan concept of life is condemned,especially in his The house of the Seven Gables and______.BA.Go Down,MosesB.The Scarlet LetterC.As I Lay DyingD.Song of Myself39.Henry James is generally regarded as the forerunner of the______and the founder of psychological realism.BA.“stream-of-consciousness”novelsB.metaphysical poemsC.short storiesD.literary criticism40.Generally considered to be Henry James’s masterpiece,______incarnates the clash between the Old World and the New in the life journey of an American girl in a Europe an cultural environment.BA.The AmbassadorsB.Daisy MillerC.The AmericanD.The Portrait of A Lady非选择题部分注意事项：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。

202X年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英美文学选读真题请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上Ⅰ. Multiple Choice (40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.1．The work that presented, for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likely ______________. A．William Langland’ s Piers Plowman B．Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury TalesC．John Gower’s Confession Amantis D．Sir Gawain and the Green Knight2．The tragedy of Dr. Faustus, the protagonist in Christopher Marlowe’s The Tragic History ofDr. Faustus , is the very fact that______________.A．man is confined to timeB．he tried to join Africa to SpainC．he became a man without soul after he sold itD．he conjured up Helen, the lady who was partially responsible for the breaking-up of the Trojan War3．The sentence “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day〞is the beginning line of one of Shakespeare’s ______________. A．comedies B．tragediesC．sonnets D．histories4．Paradise Lost is actually a story taken from ______________.A．the Renaissance B．the Old TestamentC．Greek Mythology D．the New Testament5．Spenser’s masterpiece _____________ is a great poem of its time.A．The Faerie Queene B．The Shepheardes CalenderC．The Canterbury Tales D．Metamorphoses6．______________ is the essence of the Renaissance.A．Poetry B．DramaC．Humanism D．Reason7．The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare and ______________.A．John Milton B．John MarloweC．Ben Jonson D．Edmund Spenser8．“To be, or not to be—that is the question〞is a line taken from______________.A．Hamlet B．OthelloC．King Lear D．The merchant of venice9．Francis Bacon’s essays are famous for their brevity, compactness and ______________.A．complicity B．complexityC．powerfulness D．mildness10．Literature of Neoclassicism is different from that of Romanticism in that ______________.A．the former celebrates reason, rationality, order and instruction while the latter sees literature as an expression of an复习文档individual’s feeling and experiencesB．the former is heavily religious but the latter secularC．the former is an intellectual movement, the purpose of which is to arouse the middle class for political rights while the latter is concerned with the personal cultivationD．the former advocates the “return to nature〞whereas the latter turns to the ancient Greek and Roman writers for its models.11．Daniel Defoe describes ______________ as a typical English Middle- class man of the eighteenth century, the very prototype of the empire builder or the pioneer colonist.A．Tom Jones B．GulliverC．Moll Flanders D．Robinson Crusoe12．______________ is a typical feature of Swift’s writings.A．Bitter satire B．Elegant styleC．Casual narration D．Complicated sentence structure13．The Pilgrim’s Progress by John Bunyan is often said to be concerned with the search for ______________. A．material wealth B．spiritual salvationC．universal truth D．self- fulfillment14．Alexander Pope strongly advocated ______________ , emphasizing that literary works should be judged by rules of order, reason, logic, restrained emotion, good taste and decorum.A．Sentimentalism B．RomanticismC．Idealism D．Neoclassicism15．“Metaphysical poetry〞refers to the works of the 17th- century writers who wrote under the influence of ______________.A．John Donne B．Alexander PopeC．Christopher Marlowe D．John Milton16．It is generally regarded that Keats’ s most important and mature poems are in the form of ______________.A．ode B．elegyC．epic D．sonnet17．______________ is the most outstanding stream of consciousness novelist, with ___________ as his encyclopedia – like masterpiece .A．James Joyce, Ulysses B．E.M. Foster, A Passage to IndiaC．D.H. Lawrence, Sons and Lovers D．Virginia Woolf, Mrs Dalloway18．Which of the following poems is a landmark in English poetryA．Lyrical Ballads by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB．“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud〞by William WordsworthC．“Remorse 〞by Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD．Leaves of Grass Walt Whitman19．The literary form which is fully developed and the most flourishing during the Romantic Period is ______________. A．prose B．dramaC．novel D．poetry20．Which of the following poems by T.S. Eliot is hailed as a landmark and a model of the 20th century English poetry A．Poems 1909-1925 B．The Hollow ManC．Prufrock and Other Observations D．The Waste Land复习文档21．“My last Duchess〞is a poem that best exemplifies Robert Browning’s ______________.A．sensitive ear for the sounds of the English languageB．excellent choice of wordsC．mastering of the metrical devicesD．use of the dramatic monologue22．Dickens’ works are characterized by a mingling of ______________ and pathos.A．humor B．satireC．passion D．metaphor23．Walt Whitman, whose ______________ established him as the most popular American poet of the 19th century. A．Leaves of Grass B．Go Down, MosesC．The Marble Faun D．As I Lay Dying24．______________ has always been regarded as a writer who “perfected the best classic style that American Literature ever produced〞.A．Edgar Ellen Poe B．Walt WhitmanC．Henry David Thoreau D．Washington Irving25．The Romantic Period, one of the most important periods in the history of American literature, stretches from the end of ______________ to the outbreak of ____________.A．the 17th century…the American War of IndependenceB．the 18th century…the American Civil WarC．the 17th century…the American Civil WarD．the 18th century…the U.S. – Mexican War26．Which of the following statements is NOT true of American TranscendentalismA．It can be clearly defined as a part of American Romantic literary movement.B．It can be defined philosophically as “the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively〞.C．Ralph Waldo Emerson was the chief advocate of this spiritual movement.D．It sprang from South America in the late 19th century.27．The theme of Washington Irving’s Rip Van Winkle is ______________.A．the conflict of human psyche B．the fight against racial discriminationC．the familial conflict D．the nostalgia for the unrecoverable past28．The unofficial manifesto for the Transcendental Club was ______________, Emerson’s first little book, which established him ever since as the most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism.A．The American Scholar B．Self—relianceC．Nature D．The Over—Soul29．Nathaniel Hawthorne held an unceasing interest in the “interior of the heart 〞of man’s being. So in almost every book he wrote, Hawthorne discusses______________.A．love and hatred B．sin and evilC．frustration and self—denial D．balance and self—discipline30．In Young Goodman Brown by Hawthorne, the name of Goodman Brown’s wife is ______________, which also contains many symbolic meanings.A．Ruth B．HesterC．Faith D．Mary31．Which of the following statements might be true of the theme of Song of Myself by Whitman复习文档A．This poem describes the growth of a child who learned about the world around him and improved himself accordingly. B．This poem shows the author’s cynical sentiments against the American Civil War.C．This poem reflects the author’s belief in Unitarianism or Deism.D．This poem reflects the author’s belief in the singularity and equality of all beings in value.32．In Moby—Dick, the white whale symbolizes ______________ for Melville, for it is complex, unfathomable, malignant, and beautiful as well.A．nature B．human societyC．whaling industry D．truth33．Realism was a reaction against Romanticism or a move away from the bias towards romance and self—creating fictions, and paved the way to ______________.A．Cynicism B．ModernismC．Transcendentalism D．Neo—Classicalism34．Hemingway once described Mark Twain’s novel ______________ the one book from which “all modern American literature comes〞.A．The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn B．The Adventures of Tom SawyerC．The Gilded Age D．The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg35．__________ is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th—century “stream—of—consciousness〞novels and the founder of psychological realism.A．Theodore Dreiser B．William FaulknerC．Henry James D．Mark Twain36．Which of the following statements is NOT true of Emily Dickinson and her poetryA．She remained unmarried all her lifeB．She wrote, 1,775 poems, and most of them were published during her life time.C．Her poems have no titles, hence are always quoted by their first lines.D．Her limited private world has never confined the limitless power of her creativity and imagination.37．As a genre, naturalism emphasized ______________ as important deterministic forces shaping individualized characters who were presented in special and detailed circum-stances.A．theological doctrinesB．heredity and environmentC．education and hard workD．various opportunities and economic success38．Ezra Pound, a leading spokesman of the “______________〞, was one of the most important poets in his time. A．Imagist Movement B．Cubist MovementC．Reformist Movement D．Transcendentalist Movement39．Eugene O’Neill’s first full—length play, ______________, won him the first Pulitzer Prize. Its theme is the choice between life and death, the interaction of subjective and objective factors.A．Bound East for Cardiff B．The Hairy ApeC．Desire Under the Elms D．Beyond the Horizon40．Hemingway’s “Indian Camp 〞is one of the fourteen short stories collected under the title of ______________. This title is very ironic because there is no peace at all in the stories.A．Three Stories and Ten Poems B．Across the River and into the TreesC．The Green Hills of Africa D．In Our Time复习文档Ⅱ.Reading Comprehension (16 points, 4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.41．“For oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,they flash upon that inward eye〞Questions:A．Identify the anthor and the title.B．What does the phrase “inward eye〞meanC．Write out the main idea of the passage in plain English.42．“The duties of her married life, contemplated as so great beforehand, seemed to be shrinking with the furniture and the white vapour—walled landscape. The clear heights where she expected to walk in full communion had become difficult to see even in her imagination; the delicious repose of the soul on a complete superior had been shaken into uneasy effort and alarmed with dim presentiment. When would the days begin of that active wifely devotion which was to strengthen her huXand’s life and exalt her own〞Questions:A．Identify the author and the title of the story from which the passage is taken.B．Explain the meaning of “the white vapour—walled landscape〞C．How do you undersdand “the delicious repose of the soul on a complete superior〞43．“It was you that broke the new wood,Now is a time for carving.We have one sap and one root—Let there be commerce between us.〞Questions:A．Whom does the “us〞refer toB．What does the phrase “broke the new wood 〞mean hereC．What is the intention of the poet in writing the poem “A Pact〞from which these lines are taken44．“There was music from my neighbor’s house through the summer nights. In his blue gardens men and girls came and went like moths among the whisperings and the champagne and the stars. At high tide in the afternoon I watched his guests diving from the tower of his raft, or taking the sun on the hot sand of his beach while his two motor—boats slit the waters of the Sound, drawing aquaplanes over cataracts of foam. On week—ends his Rolls—Royce became an omnibus, bearing parties to and from the city between nine in the morning and long past midnight, while his station wagon scampered like a brisk yellow bug to meet all trains. And on Mondays eight servants, including an extra gardener, toiled all day with mops and scrubbing—brushes and hammers and garden—shears, repairing the ravages of the night before.〞Questions:A．Identify the author and the title of the novel from which this passage is taken.B．What can you imply by reading this passageC．What do the “moths 〞symbolizeⅢ.Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 for each)Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English .Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.复习文档45．William Shakespeare is one of the most remarkable playwrights the world has ever known.(1)Name his four greatest tragedies.(2)What are the characteristics of the four tragedies in common(3)Briefly summarize each hero’s weakness of nature.46．“Though his fair daughter’s self, as I avowedAt starting, is my object. Nay, we’ll goTogether down, sir. Notice Neptune, though,Taming a sea horse, though a rarity,Which Claus of InnXruck cast in bronze for me! 〞The lines above are taken from Robert Browning’s “My Last Duchess.〞Taking the whole poem into consideration, what kind of person do you think the duke is47．What is generally the view Washington lrving expressed in his “Rip Van Winkle〞about the radical changes that happened to the American society in his time48．What is the most famous theme in Henry James’s fiction And what is his favourite approach in characterization, which makes him different from Mark Twain and W.D. Howells as realists Give two titles of his works in which this theme and this approach are employed.Ⅳ. Topic Discussion (20 points in all, 10 for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.49．Analyze the character of Jane Eyre based on the selection taken from Chapter X X Ⅲof Jane Eyre. 50．Symbolism is an important literary practice in literature and it has been widely used by many American writers. Discuss the way symboliom is used in Faulkner’s story “A Rose for Emily.〞复习文档。

天津外国语学院2004年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试美国文学试题（A）及答案详解考试科目：美国文学I. Fill in the blanks (1 point each, 45 points all together)1. In 1630 on board of the Arbella and in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, John Winthrop delivered his sermon_______________________________ in which he set out clearly and eloquently the ideals of a harmonious Christian community, saying that they should establish "a city upon a hill" in New England.2. In the second book of Plymouth Plantation, William Bradford describes the signing of the “___________________”, a civil covenant designed to protect the rights of citizens beyond the reach of established governments.3. In________________________ (1775), John de Crevecoeur reveals the pride of a man being an American, the "new man," who left behind him the old world with its oppression and servility, working and getting rewards from his industry.4. “We hold these truths to be self evident: that________________________; that they are endowed by their Creator with inalienable rights; that among these are life____________, and____________________ ."5. American Romanticism placed much emphasis on the “____________________________ ” of the American experience and of Americans as a nation.6. Brom Bones, who scares Ichabod Crane in_______________’s “__________________” is a frontier archetype in American literature.7. American Transcendentalism placed emphasis on spirit, or the Oversoul, stressed the importance of_______________, and offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the Spirit.8. “I ask not for the great, the remote, the romantic; ... I embrace the comrnon, I explore and sit at the feet of the familiar, the low" This is quoted from _______________'s “__________________”9. _______________advocates a life of simplicity, saying in his_______________: “A man is richin proportion to the number of things which he can afford to let alone.”10. Composed in even metrical flow, _______________ portrays a young, man grieving for his lost Lenore in “_______________”.11. The Scarlet Letter achieves symmetry of structure by means of the_______________, which appear three times, each time bringing the major characters, Hester, _________, _________, and Pearl, together.12. In his relentless pursuit of Moby Dick, _______________attains tragic dimensions, but in spite of the heroism of his uncompromising aspirations, he leads himself to death and brings about total destruction to the_______________ symbolized by Pequod.13. Leaves of Grass was condemned to be “noxious weeds,” and “a mass of stupid filth,” becauseof its_______________and_______________.14. Because I could not stop for Death—He kindly stopped for me—The Carriage held but just Ourselves—And_______________.15. The three staunch advocates of realism in nineteenth-century American literature are_______________, and_______________.16. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is written in_______________style.17.Among Stephen Crane's best short stories are “Open Boat”, _______________and “An Experiment in Misery”.18. At the end of Sister Carrie, the protagonist sits in a _______________.19. The structure of O’Henry’s stories is characterized by _______________20. _______________ by _______________ reveals the inhumanity and filthy conditions in Chicago's meatpacking industry.21. Imagism tried to express the modern sense of _______________ and dislocation.22. T. S. Eliot’s poem “_______________ ” depicts a timid middle-aged man going to propose marriage to a lady but hesitating all the way. The poem takes the form of_______________.23. Wallace Stevens’s poem “_______________” reveals the modern poet's desire to create an aesthetic order upon a chaotic world.24. At the end of The Great Gatsby, while the narrator goes for a last view of Gatsby's house, he associates Gatsby's first fascination by the _______________ at the end of Daisy's dock to the dreams that _______________ had when they first arrived in the new world.25. Joe Christmas and Gall Hightower are characters in William Faulkner's_______________.26. _______________ employs ruthless burlesque to expose the absurdity of the military bureaucracy and of the capitalist system in his novel set in wartime.27. To George, the history professor in ______________________, Nick, the biology professor, represents the threat of modern scientific civilization.28. The first African American to receive a PhD, the person who wrote The Souls of Black Folk, is_______________.29. Go Tell It on the Mountain by _______________ relates how an oppressed race groans and struggles for salvation.30. In Toni Morrison’s _______________, the slave mother would kill her own children rather than returning them to slavery.Ⅱ. Point out the name of the author and the title of the work from which each of the following passages is taken, (30 points)1. I recollect that, when a stripling, my first exploit in squirrel shooting was in a grove of tall walnut trees that shades one side of the valley. I had wandered into it at noontime, when all nature is peculiarly quiet, and was startled by the roar of my own gun, as it broke the Sabbath stillness around, and was prolonged and reverberated by the angry echoes. If ever I should wishfor a retreat, whither I might steal from the world and its distractions and dream quietly away the remnant of a troubled life, I know of none more promising than this little valley.2. The sum spread disclosing rays, and, one by one, regiments burst into view like armed men just born of the earth. The youth perceived that the time had come. He was about to be measured. For a moment he felt in the face of his great trial like a babe, and the flesh over his heart seemed very thin. He seized time to look about him calculatingly.But he instantly saw that it would be impossible for him to escape from the regiment. It enclosed him. And there were iron laws of tradition and law on four sides. He was in a moving box.3. And still, on the summit of that hill he paused. He remembered the people he had seen in that city, whose eyes held no love for him. And he thought of their feet so swift and brutal, and thedark gray clothes they wore, and how when they passed they did not see him, or, if they saw him, they smirked. And how their lights unceasing crashed on and off above him and how he was a stranger there. Then he remembered his father and his mother, and all the arms stretched out to hold him back, to save him from this city where, they said, his soul would find perdition.4. The people came out of their houses and smelled the hot stinging air and covered their noses from it. And the children came out of the houses, but they did not run or shout as they would have done after a rain. Men stood by their fences and looked at the ruined corn, drying fast now, only a little green showing through the film of dust. The men were silent and they did not move often. And the women came out of the houses to stand beside their men--to feel whether this time the men would break. The women studied the men's faces secretly, for the corn could go, as long as something else remained. The children stood near by, drawing figures in the dust with bare toes, and the children sent exploring senses out to see whether men and women would break. The children peeked at the faces of the men and women, and then drew careful lines in the dust with their toes. Horses came to the watering troughs and nuzzled the water to clear the surface dust. After a while the faces of the watching men lost their bemused perplexity and became hard and angry and resistant. Then the women "knew that they were safe and that there was no break. Then they asked, What’ll we do? And the men replied, I don't know. But it was all right. The women knew it was all right, and the watching children knew it was all right. Women and children knew deep in themselves that no misfortune was too great to bear if their men were whole. The women went into the houses to their work, and the children began to play, but cautiously at first. As the day went forward the sun became less red. It flared down on the dust-blanketed land. The men sat in the doorways of their houses; their hands were busy with sticks and little rocks. The men sat still--thinking--figuring.5. The grocer, on the other hand, had never altered his fortune, unless degrees of poverty meant alteration, for luck and he were, if not natural enemies, not good friends. He labored long hours, was the soul of honesty--he could not escape his honesty, it was bedrock; to cheat would cause an explosion in him, yet he trusted cheaters--coveted nobody's nothing and always got poorer. The harder he worked--his toil was a form of time devouring time--the less he seemed to have. He was Morris Bober and could be nobody more fortunate. With that name you had no sure sense of property, as if it were in your blood and history not to possess, or if by some miracle to own something, to do so on the verge of loss. At the end you were sixty and had less than at thirty.6. We are the hollow menWe are the stuffed menLeaning togetherHeadpiece filled with straw. Alas!Our dried voices, whenWe whisper togetherAre quiet and meaninglessAs wind in dry grassOr rats' feet over broken glassIn our dry cellarShape without form, shade without colour,Paralyzed force, gesture without motion:Those who have crossedWith direct eyes, to death's other KingdomRemember us--if at all--not as lostViolent souls, but onlyAs the hollow menThe stuffed men.III. Choose TWO of the above passages and briefly comment on each of the two passages.(20 points)IV. Briefly explain the following terms. (25 points)1. black humor2. climax3. Transcendentalism4. symbol5. Lost GenerationV. Briefly answer the following questions. (30 points)1. Sila Lapham in The Rise of Silas Lapham, Gatsby in The Great Gatsby and ThomasSutpen in Absalom, Absalom all spend a fortune building a house. Comment on the symbolic significance with reference to one of the three novels,2. Make a comparison between Tom Sawyer and Huck Firm.3. Analyze in detail one poem by Robert Frost.参考答案天津外国语学院2004年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题美国文学参考答案I1. “A Model of Christian Charity”2. Mayflower Compact3. Letters from an American Farmer4. all men are created equal; Liberty; the pursuit of Happiness5.6. Washington Irving; The Legend of Sleepy Hollow7. intuition8. Ralph Waldo Emerson; The American Scholar9. Henry David Thoreau; Walden10. Edgar Allan Poe; Lenore11. scaffold; Dimmesdale12. Ahab; crew13.14. Immortality15. William Dean Howells; Mark Twain; Henry James16. vernacular17. The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky18. rocking-chair19.20. The Jungle;Sinclair21. alienation22. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock; ?23. Anecdote of the Jar24.25. Light in August26. Catch-2227.28. W. E. B. Du Bois29. James Baldwin30. The Bluest EyeII1. Washington Irving, “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”2. Stephen Crane, The Red Badge of Courage3. James Baldwin, Go Tell It on the Mountain4. John Steinbeck, The Grapes of Wrath5. Bernard Malamud, The Assistant6. T. S. Eliot, “The Hollow Men”III.1. The selected passage is in the beginning of the story. Through the passage the writer picks up the topic of the valley, the sleeping hollow and then the protagonist Ichabod Crane.2. This is from the third chapter of Red Badge of Courage. After more marching and chatting, Henry and the regiment find themselves on a hill overlooking a battle. Their view is from afar. They do not get to experience it as direct participants and are therefore detached from the actual experience of battle. Henry's feelings towards the war remain ambivalent and shifting. He almost always has some opinion or thought about battle, but they change often. In this passage, he is afraid of the battle. He wants to escape, but only to find himself trapped in a moving box. Later in the chapter his feelings shift to anticipation of an actual fight, and to frustration when the men are being withdrawn.3. Go Tell It on the Mountain is a young man's novel, as tightly coiled as a new spring, yet tempered by a maturing man's confidence and empathy. Its action spans but a single day--yet the author packs in enough emotion, detail, and intimate revelation to make his story feel like a mid-20th-century epic. Using as a frame the spiritual and moral awakening of 14-year-old John Grimes during a Saturday night service in a Harlem storefront church, Baldwin lays bare the secrets of a tormented black family during the depression. In peeling back the layers of these damaged lives, Baldwin dramatizes the story of the great black migration from rural South to urban North. James Baldwin's portrayal of black people in Harlem caught up in a dramatic struggle, and of a society confronting inevitable change. "Behind them was the darkness," Baldwin writes, "nothing but the darkness, and all around them destruction, and before them nothing but the fire--a bastard people, far from God, singing and crying in the wilderness!" In theselected passage, the young John Grimes is reflecting how he is looked down upon and alienated by the city people.4. The selected piece is the first chapter of The Grapes of Wrath, in which Steinbeck describes the dust bowl climate of Oklahoma. The dust was so thick that men and women had to remain in their houses, and when they had to leave they tied handkerchiefs over their faces and wore goggles to protect their eyes. After the wind had stopped, an even blanket of dust covered the earth. The corn crop was ruined. Everybody wondered what they would do. The women and children knew that no misfortune was too great to bear if their men were whole, but the men had not yet figured out what to do. Steinbeck begins the novel with ominous portents of the hardship to come. He describes the coming of the dust in terms befitting a biblical plague. The dust storm overwhelms Oklahoma, clouding the air and even blocking out the sun. However, when the storm ends, it is only the beginning of the hardship for the Oklahoma farmers. A sense of hopelessness sets in almost immediately. There seems to be no solution for the farmers, who are resigned to their fate and find themselves baffled at what they may have to face.5. Morris Bober represents the moral center of the novel. Morris is a kind and generous figure who believes that people should treat each other compassionately and not cheat one another. Morris is an ironic hero because while he is the champion of the novel, he does not achieve anything significant or win any great battles. He suffers, however, he never complains. For Morris, suffering is an unfortunate but necessary part of life. Through it, one is able to spiritually transcend the pain and see the meaningful beauty of life. Morris lives these values everyday, although he is not happy being trapped in an unsuccessful grocery. Morris's behavior is also characterized by his kindness to other people. While other merchants make money by cheating their customers, Morris remains poor but triumphs spiritually because he remains good.6. The title "The Hollow Men" means men without thought or choice, in other words, mindless drones. In "The Hollow Men" all the richness and complexity of culture which gives "The Waste Land" such thickness of texture disappears. The poem takes place in a twilight realm of disembodied men and forces. The complexity of relations making up the subjective realm in Eliot's ideal descriptions of it is replaced by the vagueness and impalpability of "Shape without form, shade without colour, / Paralysed force, gesture without motion". The hollow men are walking corpses, and their emptiness is the vacuity of pure mind detached from any reality. They are cut off from one another. It portrays a poetic consciousness in which intense nostalgia for a state of Edenic purity conflicts with the paradoxical search for a more enduring form of order through acts of denial and alienation. To the common observation that “The Hollow Men” expresses the depths of Eliot's despair, one must add that the poet in a sense chooses despair as the only acceptable alternative to the inauthentic existence of the unthinking inhabitants of the wasteland.IV.1. black humorBlack is also known as Black Comedy. It is a kind of writing that places grotesque elements side by side with humorous ones in an attempt to shock the reader, forcing him or her to laugh at thehorrifying reality of a disordered world. Joseph Heller's novel Catch-22 is considered a superb example of the use of black humor. Other well-known authors who use black humor include Kurt V onnegut, Edward Albee, Eugene Ionesco, and Harold Pinter.2. climaxClimax is the turning point in a narrative, the moment when the conflict is at its most intense. Typically, the structure of stories, novels, and plays is one of rising action, in which tension builds to the climax, followed by falling action, in which tension lessens as the story moves to its conclusion. In Shakespeare's "Julius Caesar" the climax occurs at the end of Marc Antony's speech to the Roman public.3. transcendentalismTranscendentalism is a New England movement which flourished from about 1835 to 1860. It had its roots in romanticism and in post-Kantian idealism by which Coleridge was influenced. It had a considerable influence on American art and literature. Basically religious, it emphasized the role and importance of the individual conscience, and the value of intuition in matters of moral guidance and inspiration. The actual term was coined by opponents of the movement, but accepted by its members (e.g. Ralph Waldo Emerson, 1803-82, one of the leaders, published The Transcendentalist in 1841). The group of people was also social reformers. Some of the members, besides Emerson, were famous, including Bronson Alcott, Henry David Thoreau and Nathaniel Hawthorne.4. symbolA symbol is a person, object, image, word, or event that evokes a range of additional meaning beyond and usually more abstract than its literal significance. Symbols are educational devices for evoking complex ideas without having to resort to painstaking explanations that would make a story more like an essay than an experience. Conventional symbols have meanings that are widely recognized by a society or culture. Some conventional symbols are the Christian cross, the Star of David, a swastika, or a nation’s flag. Writers use conventional symbols to reinforce meanings. Kate Chopin, for example, emphasizes the spring setting in "The Story of an Hour" as a way of suggesting the renewed sense of life that Mrs. Mallard feels when she thinks herself free from her husband. A literary or contextual symbol can be a setting, character, action, object, name, or anything else in a work that maintains its literal significance while suggesting other meanings. Such symbols go beyond conventional symbols; they gain their symbolic meaning within the context of a specific story. For example, the white whale in Melville’s Moby-Dick takes on multiple symbolic meanings in the work, but these meanings do not automatically carry over into other stories about whales. The meanings suggested by Melville’s whale are specific to that text; therefore, it becomes a contextual symbol.5. Lost GenerationA term first used by Gertrude Stein to describe the post-World War I generation of American writers: men and women haunted by a sense of betrayal and emptiness brought about by the destructiveness of the war. Full of youthful idealism, these individuals sought the meaning of life, drank excessively, had love affairs and created some of the finest American literature to date. The three best-known representatives of Lost Generation are F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway and John Dos Passos. Others usually included among the list are Sherwood Anderson, Kay Boyle, Hart Crane, Ford Maddox Ford and Zelda Fitzgerald.V.1. The original title for this book was Dark House, symbolizing both the work's Gothic roots and its depiction of the "dark house" of the South. Sutpen's haunted house on Sutpen's Hundred is a metaphor for the South and all of the sins that it is responsible for, including slavery and the repudiation of the black "sons" of the South. Just as Sutpen's haunted house fell because it failed to reconcile the black sons with the white, the South, too, fell for the same reason.2. Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer are the best of friends with remarkably different personalities. Each brings their unique characteristics into this comical friendship giving the novel numerous amusing passages. Throughout the tale, Tom is often the leader while Huck is the reluctant follower. It doesn’t matter that Tom’s ideas are ridiculous and extravagant, and Huck’s are simple and practical, together they always proceed with Tom’s imaginative plans. In contrast to Tom’s great imagination and creativity, Huck is humorless and literal minded. Tom’s imaginativeness comes only from knowledge he has gained through books. Huck, on the other hand, actually lives out the fantasies Tom can only imagine. Tom Sawyer, already civilized, follows the values and beliefs of society. Due to these convictions, Tom always abides by the laws. For these reasons, Tom would never have helped free Jim unless he knew that Jim had already been freed. Conversely, Huck Finn rejects the philosophy of political beliefs for the fear of becoming civilized. He usually runs away at the first notion of him becoming "civilized." Huck is able to function in any society with the help of his adaptability and survival skills. He is able to go from the freedom of the raft, to the perceived harshness of civilization, and back again with ease. Although Tom has been able to slip past Death’s grip so far, his chances of escaping may not always work out to his liking. Of the two, Huck will always be the survivor in life. Together this pair achieves their goals because of their intelligence and witty personalities. They have the ability to put the knowledge they obtain into their every day lives. They are two adventurous souls in search of fresh and exhilarating escapades. Their ages united with their exceptional education keeps them on their toes. Huck’s humorless personality and Tom’s extravagance has made The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, a popular adventure for all ages.3. The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost is a twenty-line poem written in iambic pentameter with the rhyme scheme ABAAB. This poem starts with the author walking through the woods. He comes to a fork in the path and he decides to take the road less traveled by. By taking this path he changes his life in some way unknown to the reader.It is a wonderful poem with many different themes and ideas. One of the biggest themes is not being afraid to take a chance. Some of the other themes include, not following the crowd, trying new things, and standing for something. This poem stated that the author “took the one (road) less traveled by, and that has made all the difference” so the author is telling the reader that we too should not be afraid to take another path.。

英美文学选读模拟题二A.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets. (20x1 points)()1. _________ is regarded as the pioneer of English drama.A.William ShakespeareB.Christopher Marlowe.C.Edmund SpenserD.John Donne()2. n She I compare thee to a summers day?” This is the beginning line of Shakespeare'sA.songsB.playsediesD.son nets()3. Thomas Gray f s masterpiece, __________ once and for all established his fame ass the leader of the sentimental poetry of the day, especially "The Graveyard Schocd”.A.Ode on the SpringB.Ode on a Distant Prospect Of Eton CollegeC.Hymn to AdversityD.Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard()4. Which play is regarded ass the best English comedy since Shakespeare?A.She Stoops to ConquerB.The RivalsC.The School for ScandalD.The Conscious Lovers()5. The publication of f,_________ H marked the beginning of Romantic Age.A.Don JuanB.The Rime of the Ancient MarinerC.The Lyrical BalladsD.Queen Mab()6. As a new kind of ideology, _______ was widely accepted and practised in the later Victorian period.A.earnestnessB.utilitarianismC.respectabilityD.modesty()7. In his novels, Charles Dickens depicted a lot of child characters except _____________ .A.Oliver TwistB.Little NellC.Little DorritD.Charles Surface()8. ________ is acknowledged by many as the most original poet of the Victorian period.A.Robert BrowningB.Alfred TennysonC.George EliotD.John Keats()9. ________ is the last important novelist and poet of the 19th century.A.Thomas HardyB.George EliotC.Alfred TennysonD.Robert Browning()10. _______ does not belong to the post - modernism after the Second World War.A.Existentialist literatureB.Black HumorC.Heater of the AbsurdD.Stream of consciousness()11. In the works of E. M. Forster and D. H. Lawrence, the subject matter is ____________ ・A.the social turmoilB.the hypocrisy of the capitalismC.love and marriageD.human relati on ships()12. James Joyce's works are popular with the readers for in his writings Joyce uses the following kinds of expressing methods.A.sentimental romanceB.historical stylisticsC.in versionD.counterpoint()13. _______ f s f,Leaves of Grass11 established him as the most popular American poet of the 19th century.A.Edger Allen PoeB.James Russel LowellC.John Greenleaf WhitterD.Walt Whitman()14. In his essays, Ralph Waldo Emerson put forward his philosophy except of __________ .A.religionB.the over - soulC.the importance of the in dividualD.nature()15. In the following statements, __________ is not true about the local colorism in American literary realism.A.Their writings are concerned with the life of a small, well - defined region or province.B.The characteristic selling is the isolated small town.C.Their materials were extensive or wide ・ ranging, and the topics were connective.D.Local colorists were consciously nostalgic historians of a vanishing way of life, recorders of a present that faded before their eyes.()16. H______ 蔦a novella about a young American girl who gets "killecT by the winter in Rome, brought James inter national fame for the first time.A.The AmericanB.Daisy MillerC.The EuropeansD.The Portrait of a Lady()17. In his f,_______ Dreiser f s focus shifted from the pathos of the helpless protagonists at the bottom of the society to the power of the American financial tycoons in the late 19th century.A.Sister CarrieB.An American TragedyC.The GeniusD.Trilogy of Desire()18・______ is not among those greatest figures in "The Lost Generation11 or modern American literature.A.Ezra PoundB.Robert FrostC.Walt WhitmanD.William Carlos Williams()19. Robert Frost recited 11_______ ” at President Kennedy f s inauguration.A.The road Not TakenB.Mending the WallC.The Gift OutrightD.Birches()20. Mark Twain^ best works were produced when he was in the prime of his life. All these masterworks drew upon ________ .A.the scenes and emotions of his boyhood and youthB.the hypocrisy of the capitalismC.the bleak view of human natureD.the miserable life of the lower - class poorplete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook. ( 20x1 points)1 • In f,The Canterbury Tales1', Chaucer employed the _________ with true ease and charm for the first time in the history of English literature.2.Christopher Marlowe is the most gifted of the H_________ ”.3.The term H_________ H is commonly used to name the work of the 17th - century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne.4.Spenser is generally regarded as the greatest non dramatic poet of the Elizabetha n age. His fame is chiefly based on his masterpiece ”___________ u.5.Swift is a master ______ , his satire is usually masked by an outward gravity and an apparent earnestness which renders his satire all the more powerful.6.From the middle part to the end of the 18th century, in English literature__________ flourished. They were mostly stories of mystery and horror which take place in some haunted or dilapidated middle age castles.7.As a leading romanticist, Byron's chief contribution is his creation of the ,f _________ ”，a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin.8.________ is regarded as a ^worshipper of nature11.9.All of Charles Dickens f s later works, with the exception of f,______________ f,(1859), present a criticism of the more complicated and yet most fundamental social institutions and morals of the Victorian England.10.Bernard Shaw began his career as a dramatist in 1892, when his first play ”_________ f,(1892) was put on by the independent theater society.11.__________ was regarded as father of the American short stories.12.The way in which _______ wrote "The Scarlet Letter11 suggests that American Romanticism adapted itself to American puritan moralism.13.The most important feature of Mark 7wain f s Ianguage is the use of vernacular, or ___________ .14.H _________ 11 is Browning^ best - known dramatic monlogue.15.Ezra PouncTs major work of poetry is the long poem called ___________ .16.Hemingway's H____________ H (1936) tells a brilliant short story about a martially wounded American writer who attempts to redeem his imagination from the corrosions of wealth and domestic strife.17.__________ stands as a great dividing line between the nineteenth century and the contemporary American literature.18.Pound was the leader of a now movement in poetry which he called the ”________ 11 movement.19.M After Apple - Picking H is a well - known poem written by ____________ .20.George Eliot's greatest achievement is ,f __________ ,f.C.Decide whether the following statements are true or false and write your answers in the brackets・(10x1 points)()1 ・fl Dr. Faustus11 is a play based on the English Lege nd of a magician aspiring for knowledge and fin ally meeting his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the Devil.()2. Swift is a master satirist. His satire is usually masked by an outward gravity and an apparent earnestness which ren ders his satire all the more powerful. His H A Modest Proposal11 is gen erally taken as a perfect model.()3. Shelley's greatest achievement is his four ・ act poetic drama, "Prometheus Unbound M. (1820)()4・ Though Naturalism seems to have played an important part in Hardy f s works, there is also bitter and sharp criticism and even open challenge as the irrational, hypocritical and unfair Victorian institutions, conventions and morals which strangle the individual will and destroy natural human emotions and relationships.()5. Hardy is the founder of the '"stream of consciousness11 school of novel writing.()6. American romanticism was in a way derivative; American romantic writing was some of them modeled on English and European works.()7. With the publication of "Daisy Miller11, Henry James1 reputation was firmly established on both sides of the Atlantic and Daisy Miller has ever since become the American girl in Europe, a celebrated cultural type who embodies the spirit of the old world.()8. Altogether, Dickinson wrote 1775 poems of which most had appeared during her lifetime.()9. Hemingway develops the style of colloquialism initiated by Thomas Hardy.()10. Transcendentalism exalted reason over feeling, individual expression over the restraints of law and custom. the author of the following literary works. (5x1 points)1.The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling2.A Journal of the Plague Year3.Ode on a Grecian Urn4.The Lake Isle of Innisfree5.There Was a Child Went ForthE.Define the literary terms listed below. (2x4 points)1.Dramatic Monologue2.SymbolismF.For each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author and the title of the literary work from which it is taken and then briefly interpret it. ( 2x4 points)1.If l wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high o'er vales and hills,When all at once I saw a crowd,A host, of golden daffodils;Beside the lake, beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.112."The apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet, black bough”.G.Give brief answers to the following questions. (3x5 points)1.What's the theme of "Jane Eyre"?2.What*s the theme of John Galsworthy's "The Man of Property*1?3.How did Walt Whitman make use of the poetic "I” in his works?H.Short essay questions. (2x7 points)I.Read the excerpt from chapter I of "Pride And Prejudice11 in our textbook, and answer the following questions.(1)What is this passage describing?(2)What f s the style of this passage?(3)Analyze the characters of the main roles of this passage: Mr. And Mrs. Bennet.附：答案全国高等教育白学考试模拟试卷(二)英美文学选读参考答案A.1.B2.D3.D4.C5.C6.B7.D8.A9.A10.D11.D12.C13.D14.A15.C16.B17.D18.C19.C20.AB.1 • heroic couplet2.University Wits3.metaphysical poetry4.The Faerie Queene5.satirist6.Gothic novels7.Byronic hero8.Wordsworth9.A Tale of Two Cities10.Widowers1 House11.Washington Irving12.Hawthorne13.Colloquialism14.My Last Duchess15.The Cantos16.The Snows of Kilimanjaro17.The First World War18.Imagist19.Robert Frost20.Middlemarchc.1.F2.T3.T4.T5.F6.T7.F8.F9.F10.FD.1 • Henry Fielding2.Daniel Defoe3.John Keats4.William Bulter Yeats5.Walt WhitmanE.1 • A kind of narrative poem in which one character speaks to one or more listeners whose replies are not giver in the poem. The occasion is usually a crucial one in the speaker's life, and the dramatic monologue reveals the speaker's of a dramatic monologue is n My Last Duchess” by Robert Brow ning. In the poems in eluding n My Last Duchess11, Brow ning chooses a dramatic moment or a crisis, in which his characters are made to talk about their lives, and about their minds and hearts. In "listening” to those one - sided talks, readers can form their own opinions and judgements about the those one - sided personality and about what has really happened.2. Symbolism is the writing technique of using symbols. A symbol is something that conveys two kinds of meaning; it is simply itself, and it stands for something other than itself. In other words, a symbol is both literal and figurative. People, places, things and even events can be used symbolically.A symbol is a way of telling a story and a way of conveying meaning. The best symbols are those that are believable in the lives of the characters and also convincing as they convey a meaning beyond the literal level of the story. Hawthorne and Melville were the two masters of symbolism. For example, the scarlet letter ,f a lf on Hesters breast can give you symbolic meanings. If the symbol is obscure or ambiguous, then the very obscurity and the ambiguity may also be apt of the meaning of the story.F.1.The name of the author is William Wordsworth, and the title of the literary work is H l Wandered Lonely As a Cloud11.译文如下：我独自游荡，像一朵孤云高高地飞越峡谷和山巅，突然，我望见密密的一群，那是一大片金黄色水仙；它们在那湖边的树荫里，在阵阵微风中舞姿飘逸。

全国2019年４月高等教育自学考试英美文学选读试题课程代码：00604全部题目用英文作答，答案写在答题纸相应的位置上。

PART ONEⅠ.Multiple Choice (40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write the answers on the answer sheet.1.“For a week after the commission of the impious and profane offence of asking for more,Oliver remained a close prisoner in the dark and solitary room...”(Dickens, Oliver Twist) What did Oliver ask for?[A]More time to play. [B]More food to eat.[C]More book to read. [D]More money to spend.2.Mrs. Warren’s Profession is one of George Bernard Shaw’s plays. What is Mrs. Warren’sprofession then ?[A]Real estate. [B]Prostitution.[C]House-keeping. [D]Farming.3.Dr. Faustus is a play based on the German legend of a magician aspiring forand finally meeting his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the Devil.[A]immortality [B]political[C]money [D]knowledge4. The statement “A demanding mother turns away from her husband and gives all her affection to her sons” sums up the main plot of D. H. Lawrence′s .[A]Lady Chatterley’s Lover[B]Women in love[C]Sons and Lovers [D]The Plumed Serpent5.“Come to me－come to me entirely now,” said he ; and added, in his deepest tone, speaking in my ear as his cheek was laid on mine, “Make my happiness－I will m ake yours.”The above passage presents a scene in .[A]Emily Bronte’s Withering Heights[B]Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre[C]John Galsworthy′s The Forsyte Saga[D]Thomas Hardy′s Tess of the D′Urbervilles6.Which of the following is NOT written by William Butler Yeats?[A] “Sailing to Byzantium.”[B] “The Lake Isle of Innisfree.”[C] “Leda and the Swan.”[D] “The Waste Land.”7. “Drive my dead thought over the universeLike withered leaves to quicken a new birth.”(Percy Bysshe Shelley, “Ode to the West Wind”)What rhetorical device does the poet use in the quoted lines?[A]Synecdoche. [B]Metaphor.[C]Simile. [D]Onomatopoeia.8.Crusoe is the hero in The life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Grusoe, of York, Mariner (also known as Robinson Crusoe)by .[A]Jonathan Swift [B]Daniel Defoe[C]George Eliot [D]wrence9. “Beauty is truth, truth beauty” is an epigrammatic line by .[A]John Keats [B]William Blake[C]William Wordsworth [D]Percy Bysshe Shelley10.Christoper Marlow’s “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love” is a (n).[A]pastoral lyric [B]elegy [C]eulogy [D]epic11.Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the characteristics of Renaissance humanism?[A]Cultivation of the art of this world and this life.[B]Tolerance of human foibles.[C]Search for the genuine flavor of ancient culture.[D]Glorification of religious faith.12. “In dream vision Arthur witnessed the loveliness of Gloriana, and upon awaking resolves toseek her.” The two literary figures Arthur and Gloriana are form .[A]Edmund Spenser’s The Faerie Queene[B]William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet[C]Christopher Marlowe’s “The Passionate Shepherd to His love”[D]John Donne’s “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning”13.Which of the following best describes the nature of Thomas Hardy’s later works?[A]Sentimentalism. [B]Tragic sense.[C]Surrealism. [D]Comic sense.14. “...This grew: I gave commands;Then all smiles stopped altogether....”(Robert Browning, “My Last Duchess”) The above lines imply that .[A]the Duchess was killed by her husband[B]the Duchess stopped smiling at her husband’s order[C]the Duchess died of laughing too much[D]the Duchess did not want to smile as much as her husband requested15.In which of the following works can you find the proper names “Lilliput,” “Brobdingnag,” “Houyhnhnm,” and “Yahoo”?[A]James Joyce’s Ulsses.[B]Charles Dickens’s Bleak House.[C]Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels.[D]D. H. Lawrence’s Women in love.16.As a literary figure, Belinda appears in Alexander Pope’s.[A] “The Dunciad”[B] “An Essay on Man”[C] “An Essay on Criticism”[D] “The Rape of the lock”17. “The novel is structured around the discovery of the hero’s origin.” Thi s novel is mostprobably .[A]Charles Dickens’s David Copperfield[B]James Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man[C]Thomas Hardy’s Far from the Madding Growd[D]Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones18. “To wage by force or guile eternal war,Irreconcilable to our grand Foe.”（John Milton, Paradise lost)By what means were Satan and his followers to wage this war against God?[A]By planting a tree of knowledge in the Garden of Eden.[B]By turning into poisonous snakes to threaten man’s life.[C]By removing God from His throne.[D]By corrupting man and woman created by God.19. “When the evening is spread out against the skyLike a patient etherized upon a table.”(T. s. Eliot, “The Love song of J. Alfred Prufrock”) What does the image in the quoted lines suggest?[A]Violence. [B]Horror. [C]Inactivity. [D]Indifference.20.Which of the following is NOT typical of metaphysical poetry best represented by John Donne’s works?[A]Common speech. [B]Conceit.[C]Argument. [D]Refined language.21.William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all of the following except .[A]normal contemporary speech patterns[B]humble and rustic life as subject matter[C]elegant wording and inflated figures of speech[D]intensely subjective feeling toward individual experience22.In Samuel Taylor Coleridge′s “Kubla Khan,” “A sunny pleasure dome with caves of ice”.[A]refers to the palace where Kubla Khan once lived[B]vividly describes a building of poor quality[C]is the gift given to a beautiful girl called Abyssinian[D]symbolizes the reconciliation of the conscious and the unconscious23.The hightide of Romanticism in American literature occurred around .[A]1820 [B]1850 [C]1880 [D]192024.The subject matter of Robert Frost’s Poems focuses on .[A] ordinary country people and scenes[B]battle scenes of ancient Greek and Roman legends[C]struggling masses and crowded urban quarters[D]fantasies and mythical happenings25.Which group of writers are among those who may be called early pioneers of American literature?[A]Mark Twain and Henry James.[B]Fenimore Cooper and Washington lrving.[C]Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner[D]Jack London and O’Henry.26.To Theodore Dreiser, life is “so sad, so strange, so mysterious and so inexplicable.” No wonder the characters in his books are often subject to the control of the natural forces, especially those of and heredity.[A]fate [B]morality[C]social conventions [D]environment27.Hawthorne generally concerns himself with such issues as in his fiction.[A]the evil in ma n’s heart [B]the material pursuit[C]the racial conflict [D]the social inequality28.provides the main source of influence on American naturalism.[A]The puritan heritage[B]Howells’ ideas of realism[C]Darwin’s theory of evolution[D]The pioneer spirit of the wild west29.In Mark Twain’s The Adventures of huckleberry Finn, Huck writes a letter to inform against Jim, the escaped slave, and then he tears the letter up. This fact reveals that .[A]Huck has a mixed feeling of love and hate[B]there is a conflict between society and conscience in Huck[C]Huck is always an indecisive person[D]Huck has very little education30.Which terms can best describe the modernists’ concern of the human situation in their fiction?[A]Fragmentation and alienation.[B]Courage and honor.[C]Tradition and faith.[D]Poverty and desperation.31.Whitman’s poems are characterized by all the following features except.[A]a strict poetic form[B]a simple and conversational language[C]a free and natural rhythmic pattern[D]an easy flow of feelings32.All his novels reveal that, as time went on, Mark Twain became increasingly .[A]prolific [B]artistic.[C]optimistic [D]pessimistic33.The poem “I like to see it lap the Miles－” is an interesting poem written by Emily Dickinson. What does “it” in the poem stand for?[A]The hound. [B]The star.[C]The horse. [D]The train.34.Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Henry James’s writing style?[A] exquisite and elaborate language[B]minute and detailed descriptions[C]lengthy psychological analyses[D]American colloquialism35.In the beginning paragraph of Chapter 3, The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald describes a big party by saying that “men and girls came and went like moths.” The author most likely i ndicatesthat .[A]there was a crowd of party-goers[B]such life does not have real meaning[C]these people were light-hearted[D]these were crazy and ignorant characters36.In Hemingway’s “Indian Camp,” Nick, the main character, witnesses[A]a tragic killing of the Indians by the white men[B]real friendship between the white men and the Indians[C]a senseless killing of each other[D]terrible scenes of birth and death37.Which one of the following statements is NOT true of William Faulkner?[A]He is master of stream-of-consciousness narrative.[B]His writing is often complex and difficult to understand.[C]He often depicts slum life in New York and Chicago.[D]He represents a new group of Southern writers.38.American “Transcendentalists most typically believe that .[A]man is divine in name [B]art is superior to life[C]man can transform nature [D]poetry is the highest form of art39.By the end of Sister Carrie,Dreiser writes, “It was forever to the pursuit of that radiance of delight which tints the distant hilltops of the world.” Dreiser implies that .[A]there is a bright future lying ahead[B]there is no end to man’s desire[C]one should always be forward-looking[D]happiness is found in the end40.We can perhaps describe Em ily Grierson in Faulkner’s short story “A Rose for Emily” in all thefollowing ways except that .[A]she is psychologically deformed[B]she is wicked and morally corrupted[C]she is a symbol of the Old South[D]she is a prisoner and victim of the pastPART TWOⅡ.Reading Comprehension (16 points in all, 4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.41. “The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power,And al l that beauty, all that wealth e’er gave.Awaits the inevitable hour.The paths of glory lead but to the grave.”Questions:A.Identify the author and the title of the poem from which this passage is taken.B.What does the phrase “inevitable hour” mean?C.Write out the main idea of the passage in plain English.42. “A violet by a mossy stoneHalf hidden from the eye!－Fair as a star, when only oneIs shining in the sky.”Questions:A.Identify the author and the title of the poem from which this stanza is taken.B.Pick out the metaphor used in this stanza.C.What quality does the author intend to show by using the metaphor?43. “We passed The School, where Children stroveAt Recess－in the Ring－We passed The Fields of Gazing GrainWe passed The Setting Sun－”Questions:A.Who is the author of this stanza taken from the poem “Because I could not stop for Death－?B.What do the underlined parts symbolize?C.Where were “we” heading toward?44. “It was you that broke the new wood.Now is a time for carving.We have one sap and one root－Let there be commerce between us.”Questions:A.Whom does the “us” refer to?B.What does the phrase “broke the new wood” mean here?C.What is the intention of the poet in writing the poem “A Pact” from which these lines aretaken?Ⅲ.Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 for each)Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.45.In Chapter 15 of Wuthering Heights, Heath cliff said to Catherine: “Why did you betray your own, Cathy?... You loved me－then what right have you to leave me?... I have not broken your heart－you have broken it－and in breaking it, you have broken mine.”Taking the whole novel into consideration, do you think Heathcliff’s above accusation of Catherine’s betrayal can be justified? If you think so, what reasons does Catherine have to betray Heathcliff and their love?46.John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress is generally regarded as a religious allegory. What doesthe work symbolically concern? What is the predominant metaphor that is carried on through the whole work? And what is the aut hor’s purpose in writing such a book?47. The following passage is taken from The Merchant of Venice. Read it carefully and find thedramatic it contains. Use it as an example to illustrate what dramatic irony is. “Bassanio: Antonio, I am married to a wif eWhich is as dear to me as life itself;But life itself, my wife, and all world,Are not with me esteem’d above thy life;I would lose all, ay, sacrifice them allHere to this devil, to deliver you.Portia: Your wife would give you little thanks for that,If she were by to hear you make the offer.”48. What is the most famous theme in Henry James′s fiction? And what is his favourite approachin characterization, which makes him different from Mark and W. D. Howells as realists?Give two titles of his works in which this theme and this approach are employed.Ⅳ.Topic Discussion (20 points in all, 10 for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.49.In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen explored three kinds of motivations of marriage themiddle-class people had in the second half of the 18th century. Try to make a brief discussion about them with specific examples from the novel. Make comments on Austen’s attitude towards these motivations.50.Retell in a few sentences the story of the last chapter (Ch, 135) “The Chase－T hird Day” ofMelville’s novel Moby-Dick. Discuss the meaning of the ending of the story.。

《英美文学选读》（课程代码：00604）I.The following passage is an extract from Letter to Lord Chesterfield by Samuel Johnson, the leading figure of British neoclassicists. In 1747, when Samuel Johnson, began his Dictionary of the English language, Lord Chesterfield had at first indicated that he could be his patron, but when Johnson came to him for concrete help, Lord Chesterfield neglected him to the point of ignoring him; Johnson was insulted and furious. In 1775 when the Dictionary was published and acclaimed, Chesterfield openly recommended, hoping to get some credit for it as Johnson’s patron. Samuel Johnson wrote as reply his famous Letter to Lord Chesterfield in which he vented his feeling of hurt pride. Read it carefully, paying special attention to the rhetorical devices used, and answer the question. (20 points)①Is not patron, my lord, one who looked with unconcernupon man struggling for a life in the water, and when he hadreached to the safety of ground, encumbered him with help?②The notice you have taken of my Labour, had it beenearly, had been kind, but it had been delayed till I amindifferent, and can’t enjoy it; till I am solitary, and can’timpart it; till I am known, and do not want it. ③I hope thatit is no very asperity not to confess obligation where nobenefit have been received, or to be unwilling that thePublic should consider me as owing that to a patron, whichProvidence had enabled me to do for myself.Question:⑴what syntactic devices the author used in sentence ? And whatare their stylistic functions? (10 points)⑵point out the figure of speech used in sentences①and ③. (10 points)II. The following critical paper is about George Bernard Shaw’s famous drama “Pygmalion”. Read it carefully and answer the questions set on it. (20 points) 1 What we discover in Pygmalion is that phonetics and correct pronunciation are systems of markers superficial in themselves but endowed with tremendous social significance. Eliza's education in the ways that the English upper classes act and speak provides an opportunity for the playwright to explore the very foundations of social equality and inequality. Higgins himself observes that pronunciation is the deepest gulf that separates class from class and soul from soul. Playwright and character differ, however, in that instead of criticizing the existence of this gulf, Higgins accepts it as natural and uses his skills to help those who can afford his services (or are taken in as experiments, like Liza) to bridge it.2“At Mrs. Higgins's ““At Home reception,” Liza is fundamentally the same person she was in Act I, although she differs in what we learnto appreciate as superficialities of social disguise (according to Mugglestone): details of speech and cleanliness. Act III of Pygmalion highlights the importance of Liza's double transformation, by showing her suspended between the play's beginning and its conclusion. In modern society, however, as Shaw illustrates, it is precisely these superficial details which tend to be endowed with most significance. Certainly the Eynsford Hills view such details as significant, as Liza's entrance produces for them what Shaw's stage directions call “an impression of ... remarkable distinction and beauty.”3 Ironically, however, Liza's true transformation is yet to occur. She experiences a much more fundamental change in her consciousness when she realizes that Higgins has more or less abandoned her at the conclusion of his experiment.At first, Liza experiences a sense of anxiety over not belonging anywhere: she can hardly returnto flower peddling, yet she lacks the financial means to makeher new, outward identity a social reality. “What am I fit for?”She demands of Higgins. “What have you left me fit for? Wheream I to go? What am I to do? What's to become of me?” Berst wrote that while Pickering is generous, Eliza is shoved intothe wings by Higgins. The dream has been fulfilled, midnighthas tolled for Cinderella, and morning reality is at hand. Lizamust break away from Higgins when he shows himself incapableof recognizing her needs. This response of Higgins is well withinhis character as it has been portrayed in the play. Indeed, fromhis first exposure to Liza, Higgins denied Liza any social oreven individual worth. Calling Liza a squashed cabbage leaf, Higgins states that a woman who utters such depressing anddisgusting sounds has no right to be anywhere no right to live. Question 1: Explain what is Liza’s Double Transformation?(10 points)Question 2: What makes Liza feel she is in an embarrassing situation when she is transformed into a lady in speechand appearance? (10 points)III.The following critical essay is about Thomas Hardy’s most well-known tragic novel “Tess of d’Urbervilles”. Peruse it and then answer the questions set on it (30 points)The social background of Tess of d’Urbervilles was in a time of difficult social upheaval, when England was making its slow, painful transition from an old-fashioned, agricultural nation to amodern, industrial one. Businessmen and entrepreneurs, or “new money,” joined the ranks of the social elite, as some families of the ancient aristocracy, or “old money,” faded into obscurit y. Tess’s family in Tess of the d’Urbervilles illustrates this change, as Tess’s parents, the Durbeyfields, lose themselves in the fantasy of belonging to an ancient and aristocratic family, the d’Urbervilles.Hardy’s novel strongly suggests that such a f amily history is not only meaningless but also utterly undesirable. Hardy’s views on the subject were appalling to conservative and status-conscious British readers and Tess of the d’Urberville s was met in England with widespread controversy. Beyond her social symbolism, Tess represents fallen humanity in a religious sense, as the frequent biblical allusions in the novel remind us. Just as Tess’s clan was once glorious and powerful but is now sadly diminished, so too did the early glory of the first humans, Adam and Eve, fade with their expulsion from Eden, making humans sad shadows of what they once were. Tess thus represents what is known in Christian theology as original sin, the degraded state in which all humans live, even when—like Tess herself after killing Prince or succumbing to Alec—they are not wholly or directly responsible for the sins for which they are punished. This torment represents the most universal side of Tess: she is the myth of the human who suffers for crimes that are not her own and lives a life more degraded than she deserves.Angel represents a rebellious striving toward a personal vision of goodness A freethinking son born into the family of a provincial parson and determined to set himself up as a farmer instead of going to Cambridge like his conformist brothers,. He is a secularist who yearns to work for the “honor and glory of man,” as he tells his father in Chapter XVIII, rather than for the honor and glory of God in a more distant world. A typical young nineteenth-century progressive, Angel sees human society as a thing to be remolded and improved, and he fervently believes in the nobility of man. He rejects the values handed to him, and sets off in search of his own. His love for Tess, a mere milkmaid and his social inferior, is one expression of his disdain for tradition. This independent spirit contributes to his aura of charisma and general attractiveness that makes him the love object of all the milkmaids with whom he works at Talbothays. As his name—in French, close to “Bright Angel”—suggests, Angel is not quite of this world, but floats above it in a transcendent sphere of his own. The narrator says that Angel shines rather than burns and that he is closer to the intellectually aloof poet Shelley than to the fleshly and passionate poet Byron.His love for Tess may be abstract, as we guess when he calls her “Daughter of Nature” or “Demeter.” Tess may be more an archetype or ideal to him than a flesh and blood woman with a complicated life. Angel’s ideals of human purity are too elevated to be applied to actual people: Mrs. Durbeyfield’s easygoing moral beliefs are much more easily accommodated to real lives such as Tess’s. Angel awakens to the actual complexities of real-world morality after hisfailure in Brazil, and only then he realizes he has been unfair to Tess. His moral system is readjusted as he is brought down to Earth. Ironically, it is not the angel who guides the human in this novel, but the human who instructs the angel, although at the cost of her own life.Question 1: Why Tess is said to be a paragon of “fallen humanity”?(15 points)Question 2: Why Tess converted the idealist Angle into a realist Angle in terms of her own tragedy? (15 points)IV.The following paragraphs are taken from chapter VIII ofbook IV in Gulliver’s Travels. This section pictures an ideal rational existence, the Houyhnhnms kingdom whose life is governed by sense and moderation of which philosopherssince Plato have long dreamed. Read them and answer thefollowing questions. (30 points)1Courtship, love, presents, jointures, settlements haveno place in their thoughts, or terms whereby to expressthem in their language. The young couple meet,and are joined, merely because it is the determinationof their parents and friends; it is what they see doneevery day, and they look upon it as one of the necessaryactions of a reasonable being.2 But the violation of marriage, or any other unchastity,was never heard of; and the married pair pass their liveswith the same friendship and mutual benevolence, thatthey bear to all others of the same species who come intheir way, without jealousy, fondness, quarrelling, ordiscontent. When the matron Houyhnhnms have produced one of each sex, they no longer accompany with their consorts, except they lose one of their issue by some casualty, which very seldom happens; but in such a case they meet again; or when the like accident befalls a person whose wife is past bearing, some other couple bestow on him one of their own colts, and then go together again until the mother is pregnant. This caution is necessary, to prevent the country from being overburdened with numbers. But the race of inferior Houyhnhnms, bred up to be servants, is not so strictly limited upon this article: these are allowed to produce three of each sex, to be domestics in the noble families3 Every fourth year, at the vernal equinox, there is arepresentative council of the whole nation, which meets in a plain about twenty miles from our house, and continues about five or six days. Here they inquire into the state and condition of the several districts; whether they abound or be deficient in hay or oats, or cows, or Yahoos; and wherever there is any want (which is but seldom) it is immediately supplied by unanimous consent and contribution. Here likewise the regulation of children is settled: as for instance, ifa Houyhnhnm has two males, he changes one of them withanother that has two females; and when a child has been lost by any casualty, where the mother is past breeding, it is determined what family in the district shall breed another to supply the loss.Question1.The satire in this work is seen entirely in a discrepancybetween Swift and the Gulliver, the typical rational scientist in the age of enlightenment? Comment on it. (15points)Question2. In what ways does the author satirize the rationalism ofHouyhnhnms society, for example, the rational idea onmarriage, and the family-planning? (15 points)《英美文学选读》试卷参考答案I. 【20分】Answer:The author used repetition and parallelism to make this satirical prose daintier and more repugnant in tone. This piece of prose is typical of neoclassical prose which set great store by elegance of the language which was achieved by way of rhetorical richness. 【10分】The author used sarcasm in these two sentences to openly deny Lord Chesterfield’s patronage and attack his insolent and blatant behavior. The sarcasm made in a circumlocutious way renders this satirical prose more taunting and bitter. 【10分】II【20分】Question 1: What is Liza’s Double Transformation?Act III of Pygmalion highlights the importance of Liza's double transformation, by showing her suspended between the play's beginning and its conclusion. “At Mrs. Higgins's ““At Home reception,” Liza is fundamentally the same person she was in Act I, although she differs in what we learn to appreciate as superficialities of social disguise (according to Mugglestone): details of speech and cleanliness. In modern society, however, as Shaw illustrates, it is precisely these superficial details which tend to be endowed with most significance. Certainly the Eynsford Hills view such details as significant, as Liza's entrance produces for them what Shaw's stage directions call “animpression of ... remarkable distinction and beauty.” Ironically, however, Liza's true transformation is yet to occur. She experiences a much more fundamental change in her consciousness when she realizes that Higgins has more or less abandoned her at the conclusion of his experiment. 【10分】Question 2:What is Liza’s Predicament?Liza experiences a sense of anxiety over not belonging anywhere: she can hardly return to flower peddling, yet she lacks the financial means to make her new, outward identity a social reality. “What am I fit for?” She demands of Higgins. “What have you left me fit for? Where am I to go? What am I to do? What's to become of me?” While Pickering is generous, Eliza is shoved into the wings by Higgins. The dream has been fulfilled, midnight has tolled for Cinderella, and morning reality is at hand. Liza must break away from Higgins when he shows himself incapable of recognizing her needs. This response of Higgins is well within his character as it has been portrayed in the play. Indeed, from his first exposure to Liza, Higgins denied Liza any social or even individual worth. Calling Liza a squashed cabbage leaf, Higgins states that a woman who utters such depressing and disgusting sounds has no right to be anywhere no right to live. 【10分】III.【30分】Question 1: Why Tess is said to be a paragon of fallen humanity?Tess represents fallen humanity in a religious sense, as the frequent biblical allusions in the novel remind us. Just as Tess’s clan was once glorious and powerful but is now sadly diminished, so too did the early glory of the first humans, Adam and Eve, fade with their expulsion from Eden, making humans sad shadows of what they once were. Tess thus represents what is known in Christian theology as original sin, the degraded state in which all humans live, even when—like Tess herself after killing Prince or succumbing to Alec—they are not wholly or directly responsible for the sins for which they are punished. This torment represents the most universal side of Tess: she is the myth of the human who suffers for crimes that are not her own and lives a life more degraded than she deserves. 【15分】Question 2: Discuss why Tess changes the idealist Angle into a realist Angle in a tragic way?Angel is closer to the intellectually aloof poet Shelley than to the fleshly and passionate poet Byron. His love for Tess may be abstract, as we guess when he calls her “Daughter of Nature” or “Demeter.” Tess may be more an archetype or ideal to him than a flesh and blood woman with a complicated life. Angel’sideals of human purity are too elevated to be applied to actual people: Mrs. Durbeyfield’s eas ygoing moral beliefs are much more easily accommodated to real lives such as Tess’s. Angel awakens to the actual complexities of real-world morality after his failure in Brazil, and only then he realizes he has been unfair to Tess. His moral system is readjusted as he is brought down to Earth. Ironically, it is not the angel who guides the human in this novel, but the human who instructs the angel, although at the cost of her own life. 【15分】IV【30分】Question1. This work is called a satire which is seen entirely in a discrepancy between Swift and the Gulliver, the typical rational scientist in the age of enlightenment? Comment on it. 【15分】There are echoes of Plato’s Republic in the Houyhnhnms’rejection of light entertainment and vain displays of luxury, their appeal to reason rather than any holy writings as the criterion for proper action, and their communal approach to family planning.The Gulliver’s Travels is a book of subtle satire. The satire comes mainly from the discrepancy between Gulliver who is fitted out as the archetypal man of the enlightenment movement, susceptible to rationalism of 18th century. Swift on the other hand is very critical of his time, especially its rational thinking. Whereas Gulliver takes Houyhnhnm society as ideal utopia one, the author finds its rationality totally intolerable.Question2.In what ways does the author satirize the rational Houyhnhnms society, for example, the rational ideal on marriage, and the family-planning? 【15分】Paragons of virtue and rationality, the horses are also dull, simple, and lifeless. Their language is impoverished, their mating loveless, and their understanding of the complex play of social forces naïve. What is missing in the horses is exactly that which makes human life rich: the complicated interplay of selfishness, altruism, love, hate, and all other emotions. In other words, the Houyhnhnms’ society is perfect for Houyhnhnms, but it is hopeless for humans. Houyhnhnm society is, in stark contrast to the societies of the first three voyages, devoid of all that is human.But we may be less ready than Gulliver to take the Houyhnhnms as ideals of human existence. They have no names in the narrative nor any need for names, since they are virtually interchangeable, with little individual identity. Their lives seem harmonious and happy, although quite lacking in vigor, challenge, and excitement. Indeed, this apparent ease may be why Swift chooses to makethem horses rather than human types like every other group in the novel. He may be hinting, to those more insightful than Gulliver, that the Houyhnhnms should not be considered human ideals at all. In any case, they symbolize a standard of rational existence to be either espoused or rejected by both Gulliver and us.。