2019年中考一轮复习资料英语专题

内部文件，版权追溯内部文件，版权追溯内部文件，版权追溯2019中考（人教）英语单项选择100题练习及答案1. It’s very kind ______ you to get the tickets ______ the World Cup.A. for, ofB. of, forC. of, toD. to, for2. How many teachers are there in your school?______, I think. But I don’t knowthe exact number.A. hundredB. HundredsC. Hundreds ofD. Hundreds or thousands3. Will you stay for lunch? Sorry, ______. My brother is coming to see me.A. I mus tn’t B. I can’t C. I needn’t D. I won’t4.Whenhewasthere,he______gotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryda y.A. wouldB. shouldC. had betterD. might5. There ______ no hurry, need there?A. need beB. need to beC. doesn’tD. needs6. ______ the sports meeting might be put off. Yes, it all depends on the weather.A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I told7. Shirley ______ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she hasfinished it.A. has writtenB. wroteC. had writtenD. was writing8. We don’t allow ______ in this room.A. smokingB. to smokeC. people smokingD. people to smoking9. I haven’t got a chair ______. Will you make room for me?A. to sitB. to sit inC. for sittingD. sitting on10. “Are you ______from America?” “No, neither of us.”A. eachB. bothC. allD. neither11. She ______ his number inthephone book to make surethat she had got itright.A. looked for B. looked up C. looked after D. looked like12. Every morning, WE are asked ______ taken our temperatures.A. if we haveB. if have weC. if we hadD. if had we13. I will give ______ students ______ minutes for them to finish their exerciseA. the other; other five B. the other; another fiveC. other; five more D. other; more five14. I called you just now, but you weren’t in.Sorry, I ______ the reading room.A. was inB. have gone toC. studiedD. had been to15.Thefamily___atthelunchtablewhensomeonecametotellthemwhathadhappen edat __.A. were sitting; Mr. BrownB. were sitting; Mr. Brown’sC. was sitting; Mr. BrownD. was sitting; Mr. Brown’s16. Have you ______ your father recently? No. He doesn’t often write to me.A. heard about B. heard of C. heard from D. got from17. ______did you sleep last night? I was reading too late to fall asleep.A. How long B. Why C. How soon D. How18. Has Jack finished his homework yet? I’ve no idea, But he ______ it the wholeafternoon.A. would doB. was doingC. didD. had done19. He’s never stolen anything before,______ he? ______. It’shis third timetobe taken to police station.A. hasn’t; YesB. is; YesC. has; YesD. has; No20. I will spend as much time as I ______ the lesson.A. can go overB. can to go overC. can going overD. go over21. ______ you the truth, she knows nothing about it.A. To tellB. TellingC. TellD. Told22. The old man walked in the street, ______.A. followed by his sonB. followed his sonB. and following his son D. and followed by his son23. Jim’s family went to visit ______ family last night.A. Miss Sun’sB. the Suns’C. the WhiteD. Miss Suns’24.Theystopped_____and_____outtoplaywhenthey_____thebellringorrest.A. working; went; heard B. work; to go;C. working; go; hearingD. working; going; heard25. I am going to Qingdao and stay there for a week. ___you are there, would youplease buy some books for me?A. IfB. WhileC. SinceD. As soon as26. That woman has a bag in her righthand. What’s in her ______ hand?A. another B. other C. one D. The other27. Could you give me ______ second chance please?A. anB. /C. the D a28. Black, ______ father of ______ Tom, lost his new watch.A. /, /B. the, theC. the, /D. /,the29.DoyouknowSusan’saddress?Yes.Shelives____201,DongchangRoad,LiaochengCity.A. inB. atC. alongD. on30.WhatdoyouthinkofthereportontheUFO?Great!Manystudentswereinterestedi n it and they kept on standing ______ the end of the meetingA. untilB. inC. onD. about31.The book ______ you want is on the desk. Which of the following isn’t right?A. that B. which C. / D .it32.I’ll never forget the d ays ______ we spent together in the country.A. whichB. on whichC. whenD. on that33.Is that book ______ he borrowed on Friday?A. thatB. whichC. the oneD. who34.The number of people who ______ cars of their own is increasing.A. hasB. haveC. there isD. there are35.The first school ______ we visited yesterday is not far from here.A. that B. which C. to which D. where36. I have the same pen ______.A. which you haveB. as yoursC. that you areD. as you37.The train ______ she was traveling was five minutes late.A. thatB. on thatC. by whichD. on which38.The teacher said ______ wanted to go to the cinema must be there before 6:00,A. those who B. that C. who D. which39.______ has questions is welcome to ask.A. WhoB. AnyoneC. ThoseD. Anyone who40.Tom is one of the people who ______ they are now.A. fromB. likeC. withD. as41.The teacher asked ______ students to do homework ourselves.A. theB. hisC. someD. us42.______ either you or I good at drawing?A. Am B. Are C Is D. Do43.The room ______ as a meeting room.A. used to being usedB. was used to being usedC. used to be usedD. was usedto be used44.The boy was seen ______ the piano at 9 yesterday evening.A. to playB. playC. playingD. playedst month Miss Han ______ a doctor.A. married withB. married toC. was married withD. got married to46.It’s time for Meimei and ______ to the Palace Museum.A. I goingB. I to goC. me goingD. me to go47.______ a year does your school have sports meeting? Twice a year.A. How often B. How soon C. How long D. How many times48.There are four pairs of socks to ______, but the woman doesn’t know ______ tobuy.A. choose from; whichB. choose from; whatC. choose; whichD. choose; what49.It is in 1960 ______ Chinese first put out flag on Mount Qomolangma.A. when B. that C. which D. in which50.Theoldmenwhogaveawaylotsofmoney______highlyofatyesterday’smeeting.A . spoke B. spoken C. was spoken D. were spoken51. I’m afraid I won’t come ______ 7 and 9. I will be at work then.A. until B. between C. during D. for52. Butter and cheese ______ in price.A. has gone upB. is gone upC. have gone upD. are gone up53.______ neither you nor he enjoy fast food?A. DoB. DoesC. IsD. Are54.In our country every boy and every girl ______ the right to education.A. hasB. haveC. isD. are55.A man of words and not of deeds ______ a garden full of weed.A. likeB. likesC. is likeD. are like56.Would you like some coffee?Yes, please. By the way, do you have any milk? I prefer coffee ______ milk.A. from B. with C. to D. for57.TheseGermanswanttohavesome______forsupper,sotheydecidetocatch_____ _now.A. fish; many B. fishes; much C. fish; much D. fishes; many58.What do you think of his surfing?Oh, no one does ______.A. goodB. wellC. betterD. best59.Aren’t you tired, Kate?______. I like going shopping.A. Not at allB. I’m so sorryC. You’re welcomeD. Yes, of course60.Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.______A.I don’tB.I won’tC.I can’tD.I haven’t61.John plays football ______, if not better than David.A. as wellB. as well asC. so wellD. so well as62.Naturally,afterItoldherwhattodo,mydaughter______goanddotheopposite.A. may B. can C. must D. should63.______ Yancheng today is more beautiful now. Mr. Jacksonsaidhe would visit it______ fourth time.A. The; /B. The; theC./;aD. The; a64.To tell you the truth, I became a college student at 15.______.A. You must beB. Thank goo dnessC. You don’t say soD. It doesn’t matter65.Excuse me, can you show me ______ to run the machine?A. what B .if C. whether D. where66.Today some newly-produced mobile phones can take pictures______ a camera.A. as B. for C. like D. of67.I felt it is right ______ you should know.A. whetherB. andC. thatD. how68.A fool has gained nothing from the time ______, for he ______nothing.A.passing;haspaid B.passed;hasbeenpaid C.passing;hasbeenpaidD.passed;has paid69.This kind of T-shirt is ______.A.easilywornoutB.easywornoutC.easytowornoutD.easilytobewornout70.Jim’s father said to him, “I hope you ______ what I ______you to buy.A. didn’t forget, told B. not to forget, have toldC. won’t forget, have toldD. haven’t forgotten, will tell71.English people ______ use Mr. before a man’s first name.A. neverB. usuallyC. oftenD. sometimes72.I enjoy learning English ______ it takes me a lot of time.A. unless B. thoughC. becauseD. for73.I wonder ______ you would like to come to my birthday party.A. thatB. whetherC. that ifD. that whether74.All the teachers thought _______ of the hard-working student.A. highlyB. manyC. goodD. more75.A third of the population of the city _______ their own cars.A. hasB. haveC. hadD. is76.His bag is nicer than _______ in his class.A. any other studentB. the other students’C. any otherstudents D. anystudent’s77.He _______ a good plan which we all agreesA. thought hardB. thought outC. thought more ofD.thought about78.I think swimming can make me very _______.A. goodB. healthC. comfortableD. well79.The buses _______ over 2 thousand people a day.A. takeB. bringC. carryD. sent80.The conductor kept _______ hot water to us.A. giveB. bringC. takingD. giving81. It’s your turn to be on duty. _______A. So am IB. So it isC. So I amD. So it is82.The TV needs ________.A. to repairB. repairedC. being repairedD. to be repaired83.They are _______ there.A. nearB. to nearC. near toD. nearly84.The boy said he wouldn’t eat _______.A. any longerB. no longerC. any moreD. no more85.Nobaby noticed the thief slip into the shop, because the lights happened to_______.A. put outB. turn out aC. give outD. go out86.The days are short, _______ it is no December.A. becauseB. forC. goesD. want87.The education in China has developed _______ these days.A. quickB. highC. highlyD. wildly88.Will you tell me a story?OK. Shall I _______ it in English or in Chinese?A. tell, tellB. speak, tellC. tell, speakD. tell, say89.The lady is always _______ in white at the party.A. wearingB. dressingC. wornD. dressed90.They ____ 3000 English words by the end of next month.A. learnedB. had learnedC. will learnD. have learned91.Mr.Black, some boys are going to flight. You’d better _______ the police.A. send for B. send to C. look for D. look over92.Many ________ trees must be planted every year.A. thousandB. thousand ofC. thousands ofD. thousand93.The post office is not far from here. It’s only ten _________ by bike.A. minuteB. minutesC. minute’sD. minutes’94.She doesn’t knowthe school, but it’s ________ to be quite a good one.A. toldB. spokenC. talkedD. said95.You must leave here now ________ your mother can get some more rest.A. became B. though C. so that D. so96.Lucy, ________ all your things on the desk.A. puts awayB. put awayC. takes awayD. take away97. (At the doctor’s) It’s nothing serious, doctor? No, __________________.A. you’ll be all right soon B. You won’t be all right soonB. There’s some trouble with you D. It’s very serious98.We can’t buy _______ much mutton with ________ little money.A. so, muchB. such, soC. so, soD. such, such99.There is ________ W in the word woman ,and ______ M is the third letter of theword.A. a; anB. an; /C. an; theD. a; the100.Need he come a little earlier?Yes, he _________.A. canB. mustC. needD. needn’tKeys:1~20 C C B A A A D A B B B A A A B C D B C A21~40 A A A A B B D A B A D A C B A D D A D D41~60 D B C C D D D A B D B C A A C B A C A B61~80 B C D C D C B D A C A A B A B B B D C D81~100 B D D C D B C A D C C C B D C D A C D B11/ 11。

7B Unit 7 Abilities一、翻译句子。

1.作为一个十一岁的孩子，她学东西很快，我们期待她将来所取得的成就。

_________________, she_______________ and we look forward ______________________ _______________in the future.2.他用毯子把火扑灭，帮助他的邻居们从火里出来。

He __________________________ and helped his ___________________________ the fire.3.这个男士总是在公交车上为老人让座，为希望工程收集书本。

The man always ______________________ on the bus and _____________ for Project Hope.4.被大卫从地震中救出的那个女孩已经安全了，但是大卫现在住院了。

The girl who _______________ by David is safe now, but David __________________ now. 5.简经常在地理上取得好成绩，因为她记忆力好。

Jane often gets __________________________ because she has _______________________.6.前天我收到一封来自一个陌生人的信，信上写着我要当心。

I__________________a stranger the day before yesterday, and it said that I _______________.7.一些志愿者经常拜访老年公寓，这使得老人们很开心。

Some volunteers_______________________________. It makes_______________________.8.在他十五岁时，就开始在写文章方面努力学习了。

2019中考英语阅读理解选习题（5）及答案Passage A（2019中考保健与健康类选练）Almost every day, we discuss the topic of health, especially for kids. But what is health? “Health”means eating well, getting enough exercise, and having a healthy weight. Let’s read the following rules. They can help you stay healthy.(1) Eat a variety of food, especially fruit and vegetables. We all know that eating fruit andvegetables can help us stay healthy, but many of us only eat our favorite food. Remember that we can only get the nutrition(营养) we need by eating different kinds of food, espe cially fruit and vegetables.(2) Drink water and milk most often. Everyone knows that water is important. Besides that, kidsneed plenty of calcium(钙) to grow strong bones, and milk is rich in it. Every day, you should drink at least three cups of milk, when you are 9 years old or older. You should also try to have less sugary drinks, like soda and coca. They include a lot of sugar. Sugar only includes calories(热量), not important nutrition.(3) Listen to your body. When you are eating, notice how your body feels. When your stomachfeels comfortably full, stop eating. Eating too much makes you feel uncomfortable. If you do it too often, it can make unhealthy and fat.(4) Limit screen time. What’s screen time? It’s the amount of time you spend watching TV,movies and playing computer games. The more time you spend on these sitting-down activities, the less time you spend playing sports, like basketball, and doing other activities like riding and swimming. Try to spend no more than 2 hours a day on screen time.1. The underlined phrase “a variety of” means ___________.A. plenty ofB. all kinds ofC. the rest ofD. a lotof2. In this passage, “health” includes all of the following EXCEPT______________.A. eating wellB. doing more exerciseC. having a healthy weightD. wearing comfortable clothes3. Screen time is the time that you spend ________________.A. playing computer gamesB. watching moviesC. watching TVD. All of the above4. What’s the main idea of the passage?A. How to eat healthy food.B. Eating and playing are both important.C. Suggestions for staying healthy.D. Health is very important.参考答案1B 2D 3D 4CPassage B中考英语阅读理解分类练习：健康保健类You may know the saying: An apple a day keeps the doctor away. A recent study by the Chinese University of Hong Kong has discovered another saying: An apple a day keeps old age away.The study involved fruit flies(g果蝇), as they share many genes(基因) with humans. Researchers gave one group of fruit flies normal food, and another group of fruit flies got the same food including apple.The results showed that flies that ate apple lived an average of 55 days longer than the flies that didn’t eat apple. The study also found that apple-eating flies were more able to walk, climb and move about as they became old, the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry reports.The researchers believe that the antioxidants (抗氧化剂）found in apples are good for health.In another experiment, researchers studied the diets of thousands of women. They found that those women who often ate apples were 20 percent less likely to have heart disease.Sc ientists have recently discovered the apple’s genetic code(基因代码). This allows scientists to make new kinds of fruit that are healthier. Researchers are already using this information to grow apples with added antioxidants. Antioxidants help to keep eyes and joints (关节)healthy and protect against heart attacks and cancer.Apples that help people lose weight may be in supermarkets in just four or five years. They are said to be “extra healthy” apples that can stop people from overeating.【小题1】Fruit flies were used in the research because_______________ .A．they love to eat applesB．they share similar genes with humansC．they are easy to catchD．they can live longer【小题2】By studying the diets of many women, researchers ___________ .A．proved apples were good for people’s health.B．found they are healthier than menC．helped them to lose weight successfullyD．discovered the genetic code of the apple【小题3】From the story, we can infer(推测) that _________________.A．women like to eat apples more often than menB．people who eat apples are easier to have heart diseaseC．scientists are studying a new type of applesD．apples’ genetic code is similar to other fruits【小题4】 You may find the passage in ____________ .A．a science magazine B．a guidebookC． a picture show D．a storybookPassage CNow satellites are helping to forecast（预报）the weather. They are in space, and they can reach any part of the world. The satellites take pictures of the atmosphere（大气）, because this is where the weather forms（形成）. They send these pictures to the weather stations. So meteorologists（气象学家）can see the weather of any part of the world. From the pictures, the scientists can often say how the weather will change.Today, nearly five hundred weather stations in sixty countries receive satellite pictures. When they receive new pictures, the meteorologists compare（比较）them with earlier ones. Perhaps they may find that the clouds have changed during the last few hours. This may mean that the weather on the ground may soon change, too. In their next weather forecast, the meteorologists can say this.So the weather satellites are a great help to the meteorologists. Before satellites were invented,the scientists could forecast the weather for about 24 or 48 hours. Now they can make good forecasts for three or five days. Soon, perhaps, they may be able to forecast the weather for a week or more ahead（提前）.1. Satellites travel _____________.A. in spaceB. in the atmosphereC. above the groundD. above space2. Why do we use the weather satellites to take pictures of the atmosphere? Because __________.A. the weather satellites can do it easilyB. clouds form thereC. the weather forms thereD. the pictures can forecast the weather3. Meteorologists forecast the weather __________.A. when they have received satellite picturesB. after they have compared new satellite pictures with earlier onesC. before they received satellite picturesD. during they study satellite pictures4. Maybe we’ll soon be able to forecast the weather f or ________.A. one dayB. two daysC. five daysD. seven days or even longer5. The main（主要的）idea of this passage is that satellites are now used in _________.A. taking pictures of the atmosphereB. receiving pictures of the atmosphereC. doing other work in many waysD. weather forecasting参考答案Keys: 1-5 ACBDDPassage D（2019中考保健与健康类选练）Running is becoming popular these days. Many of us run for our health. Doctors say many of thehealth problems come from these bad habits: eating too much, drinking too much, smoking, and not taking enough exercise. Doctors tell us, "Eat and drink less, don't smoke, and exercise more."Running is a good form of exercise because it helps build a strong heart. It also helps most people lose weight. One 68-year-old woman runs thee times a week. She runs to lose weight. "I love to eat,"she says.Running is good for health in other ways, too. Many runners say running keeps colds and other small health problems away. "Running is my doctor," says one man. Running can also help people to relax.So today men and women of all ages enjoy running.( ) 1. Many people enjoy running because they want to ______.A. eat muchB. keep healthyC. run fastD. waste time( ) 2. Doctors tell us _____.A. not to smokeB. not to exerciseC. to drink muchD. to eat much( ) 3. The third paragraph (段落) shows _____.A. running helps people to relaxB. running people have many health problemsC. running helps build a strong heartD. running people have few health problems( ) 4. The writer mainly tells us _____.A. how to runB. how to lose weightC. running is a good way to keep healthyD. running is better than doctors参考答案1B 2A 3D 4CPassage E（2019中考科普环保类选练）Being able to multitask—doing several things at the same time—is considered (考虑，认为) a welcome skill by most people. But if we consider the situation of the young people aged from eight to eighteen, we should think again.What we often see nowadays is that young people juggle a larger number of electronic devices (电子产品) as they study. While working, they also surf on the Internet, send out emails, answer the telephone and listen to music on their iPods. In a sense, they are spending a large amount of time in fruitless efforts (努力) as they multitask.Multitasking is even changing the relationship between family members. As young people give so much attention to their own worlds, they seem to have no time to spend with the other people around them. They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house, nor can they eat at the family table. Multitasking also has an effect (影响) on young people’s performance at university and in the workplace. When asked about their opinions of the effects of modern gadgets (器具) on their performance of tasks, many young people gave a positive (肯定的) response (回应). However, the response from the worlds of education and business was not quite as positive. Educators feel that multitasking by children has a serious effect on later development of study skills. They believe that many college students now need help to improve their study skills. Similarly, employers (雇主) feel that young people entering the job market need to be taught all over again, as modern gadgets have made it unnecessary (没必要) for them to learn special skills to do their work.1. What does the underlined word “juggle” most probably mean?A. Want to buy.B. Use at the same time.C. Take the place of.D. Search information from.2. In Paragraph 3, the author points out that__________.A. family members do not greet each otherB. family members do not eat at the family tableC. young people get on well with their familiesD. young people hardly communicate with their family members3. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?A. Young people must learn skills for future jobs.B. Young people benefit (获益) a lot from modern gadgets.C. Multitasking is an important skill to young people.D. Mul titasking influences young people’s development seriously.4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Young people think multitasking is good for their study and work.B. Employers consider it unnecessary for young people to be taught all over again.C. Educators feel that young people don’t need to improve their study skills.D. People from the world of education believe multitasking has a good effect on children’s later study skills.5. The author develops (阐述) the passage mainly by__________.A. providing special examplesB. following the natural time orderC. giving out a cause and analyzing (分析) its effectsD. comparing opinions from different worlds参考答案BDDAC。

专题二代词学习目标1.代词模块高频知识点精讲&精练2.巩固练习50题【考向一】人称代词——主格宾格1. 人称代词的分类人称主格宾格单数复数单数复数第一人称I we me us 第二人称you you you you第三人称hetheyhimthem she herit it(1) 基本用法【高频考点】动词之前用主格，动介之后用宾格I hit him by accident. 我不小心撞到了他。

注意：“动词+ 副词”短语，代词宾格，置于动词和副词之间。

“动词+ 介词”，代词宾格，置于介词之后。

Here is your coat. Put it on, please.这是你的大衣，请把它穿上。

I have to look after her at home today.我今天必须在家照顾她。

(2) 特殊用法a. 人称代词单独使用或用于简略回答时，通常用宾格。

—Who is going to read?—Me.b. 人称代词用于as 和than 之后，如果as 和than 作介词，常用宾格；如果as 和than 作连词，常用主格。

She is as fat as I am.c.it 的特殊用法★it 用来指除人以外的一切生物和事物，可指时间、距离、天气、温度、度量等。

—What’s the weather like today?今天天气怎样？—It’s sunny. 很晴朗。

Is it a boy or a girl? 是男孩还是女孩？★ it 代替动词不定式作形式主语。

It’s important for us to work hard.努力工作对我们来说很重要。

★ it 代替动词不定式作形式宾语。

I found it easy to work out the Maths problem.我发现算出这道数学题很容易。

3.【高频考点】人称代词的顺序几个人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序是：单数：二、三、一；复数：一、二、三。

学习资料专题中考一轮复习 S(二)开头词汇（一）（讲义）❤❤以字母 S 开头的单词形容词small /smɔːl/ adj. 小的，少的；年幼的short /ʃɔːt/ adj. 矮的；短的be short of 短缺I’m a little short of money this month.这个月手头有点紧。

be short for…是……的缩写/简称Jo is short for Joanna. 乔是乔安娜的简称。

straight /streɪt/adj. 直的；坦诚的，直率的a boat sailing in a straight line 直线航行的船long straight hair 又长又直的头发a straight answer to a straight question 问得直率，答得坦诚It’s time for some straight talking. 现在该开诚布公地谈谈了。

adv. 笔直地；直接，径直，立即；坦率地He was too tired to walk straight. 他累得走都走不直了。

Come straight home after school. 放学后直接回家来。

I told him straight that I didn’t like him.我坦率地告诉他说我不喜欢他。

strong /strɒŋ/ adj. 强壮的；坚固的；强烈的；坚强的a strong wind 大风smart /smɑːt/ adj. 聪明伶俐的；衣着讲究的，光鲜的；时髦人物的；快速敏捷的She’s smarter than her brother.They were wearing their smartestclothes. He set off at a smart pace.silly /'sɪlɪ/ adj. 傻的，愚蠢的stupid /'stjuːpɪd/ adj. 愚蠢的；笨的slow /sləʊ/adj. 慢的；慢吞吞的(不乐意)；迟钝的Progress was slower than expected. 进展比预计的缓慢。

语法专题三、介词（常考）考点1 时间介词①in，after，later表示时间的区别in ＋时间段，用于将来时，表示“过……后”。

He will come back in an hour.after＋一段时间，用于过去时，表示“在……以后”。

After an hour，he came back.after＋时间点，用于将来时，表示“在……以后”。

He will come back after 5 o'clock.时间段＋later，常用于过去时，表示“在……之后”。

An hour later，he came back.②in，on，at表示时间的区别in 主要表达年、月、季节、年代、世纪；泛指上午、下午、晚上。

➢in spring在春天in February在二月in the 21st century在21世纪➢We have four lessons in the morning. 我们上午有四节课。

on 主要表示星期、日期或具体的某一天；特指具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上用on。

➢on Monday在星期一on May 1st在五月一号on Labor Day在劳动节➢We have two lessons on Friday afternoon. 我们周五下午有两节课。

at 表示某一时刻，用于具体时间点前，或正午和午夜前。

➢at 7:00在七点at noon 在正午at night在晚上/在午夜➢We start classes at eight o’clock every morning. （注意every, this, last, next前不加介词）我们每天早上八点上课。

(2021·北京市·历年真题)Space Day of China falls ______ April 24th every year.③ A. on B. by C. at D. in④for，since 表示时间的区别（现在完成时的标志词）for ＋时间段➢I have lived here for 10 years. 我已经住在这里十年了。

中考一轮复习W 开头词汇（二）（讲义）❤❤以字母 W 开头的单词where /weə/adv. 在哪里；往哪里“Where do you live?”“I live in Beijing.”“Where is Joan?”“She is reading a novel in her study.”conj. (在)……的地方；(在)……的情况下This is where Ilive.Sit where I can see you.wherever /weər'evə/ adv. 无论去哪里；无论在什么地方；无论什么情况下Sleep wherever you like.when /wen/adv. 什么时候；何时When will he arrive?pron. 什么时候；何时“I’ve got a new job.”“Since when?”conj. 当……的时候When I was a boy, I was weak.whenever /wen'evə/conj. 无论何时；每当You can ask for help whenever youneed it. The roof leaks whenever itrains.adv. 究竟什么时候Whenever did you find time to do all that cooking?while /waɪl/n. 一会儿；一段时间They chatted for a while.conj. 在……的时候；和……同时；而，然而when, while 和 as 的区别when 指时间点或时间段；前后动作可同时发生或先后发生while 只表一段时间；前后动作同时发生，while 后加延续性动词(或表状态的动词)as 前后动作并行发生，“一边……一边”；“随着……”Give this book to Tom when he comes tomorrow.Return the book to me when you have finished reading it.You must be quiet while Kate is doing her homework.While Tom was playing with his toys, his parents werereading. She sang as she went along.Things are getting better and better as time goes on.You like tennis, while I’d rather read.（然而）whether /'weðə/ conj. 是否；不管，不论I don’t know whether/if he will come.（是否） whether or notI couldn’t decide whether or not to go to the party.I’m sure we’ll see each other again soon whether here or in New York. （不论）whether…or notI’m going whether you like it or not.whole /həʊl/ adj. 整个的；全部的the whole day = all day 一整天wide /waɪd/adj. 宽的，宽阔的；广泛的wide interests wide knowledge 广博的知识3 meters wide 3 米宽widely adv. 广泛地；差异很大widely read 读者众多的；博览群书的The idea is now widely accept. 这个思想现在已获得普遍接受。

2019 年中考英语阅读理解习题选（5）及答案实战训练】A（2019 中考日常生活类训练）There are always times when your children get bored with studying. There arealso moments when you are looking for something educational （教育的） yet funny and easy to do. With a few things and a little preparation, you can easily entertain（娱乐） and educate your children.Do you read any magazines with pictures? Keep them. They can make a funny family game.Sit with your children and look at the pictures. You can cut out interestingpictures and ask your children to lay （放置） them out. Use as many pictures as possible. For example, if it is a picture of a book, cut it out; even if it is an action, such as washing clothes, cut it out. Try to get as many different pictures as possible.In this game, you are going to use the pictures to let your children make uptheir own stories. Then take any kind of table, even the kitchen table, and let your child lay out the pictures any way they wish. They don ' t need to use all of them,just as many as they want.After they have laid out the pictures, have them tell a story. If some pictures don't fit in with their stories, don' t use them. If they find a different picture to add another part to their story, let them do it. The more pictures you have, the more creativity （创造力） will come from your children.1. What ' s the passage mainly about?A. How to enjoy pictures with children at home.B. How to entertain your children by drawing pictures.C. How to educate children in an interesting and easy way at home.D. How to tell stories to your children at home.2. If parents want to play this game with their children, they have to ___ .A. collect enjoy with picturesB. prepare a lot of things for the gameC. tell as many stories as possibleD. lay out the pictures for their children3. After the pictures are cut out, children should ___ .A. ask their parents questionsB. find a table to play the gameC. lay out the picturesD. change the pictures4. What does the underlined phrase "fit in with" in the last paragraph probably mean?A. matchB. coverC. meanD. entertain5. When playing this game, children ___ .A. cut out pictures from magazines or booksB. read magazines or wash clothesC. make up stories about the picturesD. make up stories with their parents 参考答案1C 2A 3C 4A 5C【实战训练】B 中考英语阅读理解分类练习：教育类The best way of learning a language is by using it. The best way of learning English is using English as much as possible. Sometimes you will get your words mixed up（迷惑的）and people won't understand. Sometimes people will say things too quickly and you can't understand them.But if you keep your sense of humor（幽默感）,you can always have a good laugh atthe mistakes you make.Don't be unhappy if the people seem to（好象） laugh at your mistakes. It ' s muc h better for people to laugh at your mistake than to be angry because they don't know what you are saying. The most important rule for learning English is "Don't be afraid of making mistakes. Everyone makes mistakes."【小题1】The most important thing of learning a language is _______ .A. laughingB. writingC. rememberingD. practicing【小题2】In learning English, you should _______ .A. speak as quickly as possible.B. laugh as much as you can.C. use it as often as you can.D. write more than you read.【小题3】When you make a mistake, you ' d better __________A. do the same thing again.B. ask others for help.C. have a sense of humor.D. run away.【小题4】When people laugh at your mistake,you should______ .A. not to be serious B . be angry with them.C. be more carefulD. not speak English any more.【答秦】【小题H D【小题2】C 【小题刃C【小题可A【实战训练】CTo master a Ian guage one must be able to speak and un dersta nd the spoke n Ian guageas well as to read and write. Lenin and his wife Krupskaya tran slated a long En glishbook into Russian. But when they went to England in 1 902, English people couldn ' t understand a word they said and they couldn ' t understand what was said to them. These days more and more foreig ners are coming to China and more Chin ese are going out to foreign countries to work or study. So the spoken Ianguage is becoming more and more importa nt.Speaking, of course, can ' t go without listening. If you want to pronounce a wordcorrectly, first you must hear it correctly. Thy sounds of the Chin ese and En glishIanguages are not exactly the same. If you don ' t listen carefully, you ' ll find it difficult or even impossible to un dersta nd the n ative speakers.use shorter words and shorter sentences in their writing. The important thing is to make your idea clear in your head and then to write it in clear lively language. Chinese students read far too slowly. If you read fast, you understand better. If you read too slowly, by the time you have reached the end of a page you have forgotten what the beginning is about. Whenyou meet with new words, don ' t look them up in thedictionary. Guess the meaning from the context. You may not guess quite correctly the first time, but as new words come up again and again in different contexts, their meaning will become clearer and clearer. If you look up every word, you 'll never finish a book.Students of a foreign language need a particular knowledge, the knowledge of the life, history and geography of the people whose language they are studying. They should study these subjects in the foreign language, not only in translation. In this way one can kill two birds with one stone: learn a foreign language and get some knowledge of the foreign country at the same time.1. How many points are there in the passage?A. TwoB. ThreeC. FourD. Five2. In his first point the writer told us __________ .A. how to speak EnglishB. how to read and writeC. why spoken English is importantD. why English people couldn ' t understand Lenin3. In his last point the writer advised us _________ .A. to kill two birds with one stoneB. to learn two languages at a timeC. to study all the subjects in a foreign languageD. to get some knowledge of the foreign country whose language you are studying4. In the fourth paragraph the writer gave some advice on ________ .A. how to read fasterB. how to guess the meaning from the contextC. how to look up new words in the dictionaryWell, what about writing? Like speaking, it s to exchange ideas. People generallyD. how to grasp the general meaning of a passage5. “ To kill two birds with one stone ” means ___ ______________ .A. to get some particular knowledgeB. to get more than what one paysC. the stone is too bigD. the birds are blind enough参考答案1－5 DCDAB【实战训练】D（2019 中考日常生活类训练）In Britain you are allowed to drive a car when you are seventeen. You have to get a special two-year driving license before you can start. Whenyou are learning, someone with a full license always has to be in the car with you because you aren 't allowed to drive the car on the road alone. You don' t have to go to a driving school —---a friend can teach you. The person with you isn ' t allowed to take the moneyfor the lesson unless he ' s got a teacher ' s license.Before you are allowed to have a full license, you have to take a driving test. You can take a test in your own car, but it has to be fit for the road. In the test you have to drive round for about half an hour and then answer a few questions. If you don ' t pass the test, you are allowed to take it again a few weeks later if youwant to. In 1970 a woman passed her fortieth test after 212 driving lessons. When you' ve passed your test, you don ' t have to take it again, and you are allowed to go on driving as long as you like. Britain' s oldest driver was a man who drove in 1974 at the age of 100.Before 1904 everyone was allowed to drive, even children. Then from 1904 car drivers had to havea license. But they didn ' t have to take a test until 1935. Onthe early days of car driving, before 1878, cars weren' t allowed to go faster than four miles an hour, and someone had to lead the car with a red flag.1. Which of the following is not necessary for a young man who wants to drive a car alone?A. He should reach the age of 17.B. He should get a special two-year driving license.C. He should learn to drive in a driving school.D. He should pass a driving test to get a full license2. A person can ' t take money for driving lessons unless he _______ .A. has learnt to drive in a driving school.B. has a full driving license.C. has a full license and a teacher ' s license.D. is given a special two-year driving license3. In the driving test, one ___________ .A. mustn ' t drive his car, even though the car is fit for the road.B. is usually asked to drive on roads for some time.C. has to be examined only in car driving skillsD. must drive round for more than an hour4. Which of the following is not true?A. There is no limit to the age of a man who drives a car.B. One can take a driving test again and again until he passes it.C. There was a speed limit to cars before 1878D. A car dri ver didn ' t have to get a license until 1935.5. The best title for the passage is ____________ .A. Driving licenses in Britain.B. Tests for Britain people.C. Driving cars.D. Young Men' s driving licenses参考答案1. C 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.A【实战训练】E（2019 中考教育类选练）Even kids know that we should wait for the traffic light to turn green before crossing a road, but not everybody follows this basic rule.. Chinese “ Chinese style road crossing ” has become a hot expression recentlypeople “ cross roads without thi nking about traffic lights, so long as are part of acrowd ” , said a post on Sina Weibo. A CCTV n ews program showed that in only an hour, more tha n 600 people jumped redlights whe n cross ing a road at a cross ing in Shijiazhua ng, Hebei.Many people say that they jaywalk （乱闯马路） because the red light lasts too long. Such an opinion is supported by a research team at Tongji Uni versity. The team didresearch on people ' s waiting times at different road crossings from 2008 to 2010. on Weibo.Many coun tries give out puni shme nts to jaywalkers .In Sin gapore, the maximum （大量）can be three mon ths in pris on. Some Chin ese cities have started tak ing someactions, too. For example, the first three people in a jaywalkinggroup will be fined50 yua n in Shijiazhua ng. But calli ng on people to respect rules is more importa nt. To completely solve the problem, every one should realize the importa nee of obey ing the traffic rules.1. Which of the follow ing is the “ Chin ese style road cross ing ”？A. To wait for the traffic light to turn gree n.B. To cross a road slowly.C. To cross roads without look ing at traffic lights.D. To follow the basic traffic lights.2. What does the phrase“the team ” in Paragraph 4 refer to （ 指的是 ）? A. A CCTV n ews program.B. A research group at Tongji Un iversity.C. A post on Sina Weibo.D. A daily n ewspaper.3. How long will Chin ese people wait to cross the road before they lose patie nee?（只要） theyThey found that Chinese people would wait for 70 to 90 seconds before they lost their patienee. “ People are likely to ignore （忽视）the light when the waiting time is Ion ger than they can stand, ” said Ni Ying, a member of the research team.However, a survey on Sina Weibo suggested that half of the resp ondents （调查对象）believe that people jaywalk mainly because they disregard （忽视）rules.“ I always obey traffic rules. Time is important but safety should come first, ” wrote QixiaoeA. Less tha n one minute.B. About five minu tes.C. Less tha n one and a half minu tes.D. More tha n ten minu tes.4. Why do people jaywalk accord ing to the survey on Sina Weibo?A. Because there are too many people on the road.B. Because the red light lasts too long.C. Because people don ' t pay much attention to rules.D. Because people have less patie nee.5. The writer suggests that we should _______ t o solve the problem of jaywalk ing.A. punish the jaywalkersB. disregard the traffic rulesC. reduce the time of red lightsD. call on people to obey the traffic lights 参考答案IC 2B 3C 4C 5D。

第6课时八年级上册 Units 4～6一、完形填空(2013·山东枣庄中考)When I was 13 years old, a boy gave me an important gift. It was a 1 .It was the early autumn of my first year at a junior high school, and my old school was far away.2 ， no one knew who I was. I was very lonely, and afraid to make friends with3 .Every time I heard the other students talking and laughing, I 4 my heart break. I couldn't talk to anyone about my problem, and I didn't want my parents to 5 me. Then one day, my classmates talked happily with their friends, but I sat at my desk 6 as usual. At that moment, a boy entered the classroom. I didn't know who he was. He passed me and then turned back. He 7 me and, without a word, smiled.Suddenly, I felt the touch of something bright and friendly. It 8 me feel happy, lively and warm. That smile changed my life. I started to talk with the other students and made friends. Day by day, I became closer to everyone in my class. The boy with the lucky smile 9 my best friend now.I believe that the world is what you think it is. If you think you are lonely, you might always be alone. So smile at the world and it will 10 .1．A.smile B．magazine C．box D．camera2．A.As usual B．As a result C．The same as D．Such as3．A.someone B．everyone C．anyone D．nobody4．A.tasted B．smelled C．feared D．felt5．A.hear about B．talk about C．care for D．worry about6．A.slowly B．politely C．unhappily D．naturally7．A.listened to B．looked at C．took pride in D．rushed at8．A.made B．led C．offered D．threw9．A.has become B．became C．become D．is becoming10．A.look back B．come back C．turn back D．smile back二、阅读理解(2015·山东枣庄中考)When Hill was small, he was a famous bad boy.At the age of 9, his father married his stepmother. At that time they lived poor in the countryside while his stepmother was from a wealthy family.His father introd uced Hill to his stepmother as he said, “Dear, I hope you notice in the entire shire this is the worst boy, who has made me have no other way. Maybe before tomorrow morning he will throw a stone at you, or do a bad thing you will never imagine.”To Hill's surprise, his stepmother went up to him with a smile, held up his head and looked at him carefully. She then turned around to tell her husband, “You're wrong. He is not the worst boy in the entire shire, but the cleverest and creative boy. Only he doesn't find a place to show himself.”His stepmother's words warmed his heart, his eyes full of tears. With this, he started building friendship with his stepmother. And this became the drive of his life, making him create 28 successful golden rules, which helped tens of thousands of ordinary people walk on the road to success.Before his stepmother came, no one praised him smart, and his father and neighbors considered him as a bad boy. However, his stepmother's words changed his life.When Hill was 14 years old, his stepmother bought him a used typewriter and said to him, “I believe you will become a writer.” Hill accepted his stepmother's gift and expectation, and started writing things to a local newspaper. He understood his stepmother's strong feeling of interest in his family while he saw with his own eyes she had changed his family. Therefore, he would do as well as she expected him to.The strength from his stepmother made him a rich man and famous writer in the United States and one of the most important persons in the 20th century.Praise will never be unnecessary, especially for children. A sincere(真诚的) praise may be better than 10，000 bad words.1．What did people think of Hill before the age of nine?A．Clever. B．Creative. C．Unfriendly. D．Foolish.2．Hill started making friends with his stepmother after she ．A．smiled at himB．looked at him carefullyC．said good words about himD．said bad words about him3．Which of the following is WRONG about Hill?B．He failed to do as he was expected.C．He started writing to a local newspaper.D．He understood his stepmother.4．The writer is most probably an expert of ．A．house building B．dietC．news writing D．education5．The passage was written mainly to tell us that ．A．children should be praisedB．Hill's father married againC．Hill's stepmother was kind to himD．Hill's father was cruel to him三、语法填空阅读下面材料，有的答案要填入适当的内容，有的答案要用括号内单词的正确形式，但每个答案不多于3个单词。

2019年中考英语阅读理解习题选（11）及答案【实战训练】 A（2019中考教育类选练）Having a teenager at home can be a real headache. Many teenagers smoke, drink and even fight. They often do something dangerous.Earlier studies have shown that teenagers are more likely (可能) to make irrational decisions than people from any other age group, including children and adults. Is it that teenagers are too young to tell right from wrong? Not really. So what’s the reason?According to Laurence, a teacher from a US university, the reason is that teenagers care a lot about how their peers (同龄人) view them—that is “peer influence”.As children enter their teenage years, they spend more time with their friends and classmates, and also they care more about what they think of them. This makes teenagers make decisions without thinking about the costs.In a test, a group of teenagers were asked to play a video driving game. When they played with their friends watching around them, they took more chances and drove more carelessly because that would increase their possibility of winning. But when they played alone, they drove more safely.Why do peers have such a big influence on teens’ behavior?As Laurence sees it, a teenager’s brain is like a car with a good accelerator (油门) but a weak brake (刹车). The “accelerator” is fully developed by teenage years while the “brake” is still not fully developed. When teenagers are watched by their peers, they usually push hard on the accelerator. With their weak brake, it is likely that they are going to end up in an accident.But the good news is that a violent (暴力的)teenager doesn’t necessarily become aviolent adult. About two-thirds to three-quarters of violent youth grow out of it. “They get more self-controlled.”1. What does the underlined word “irrational” in the 2nd paragraph mean?A. Quick.B. Crazy.C. Careful.2. Why are teenagers likely to make wrong decisions according to the text?A. They like difficult tasks.B. They don’t care about costs.C. They care a lot about what their peers think of them.3. How does Laurence explain the influence of peer pressure on teens’ behavior?A. By comparing it with how a car works.B. By comparing it with an accident.C. By showing research findings.4. What can we learn from the text?A. Teenagers are easy to have traffic accidents.B. Peer influence is bad on teenagers.C. Most of the teenagers become less violent when they grow up.参考答案1B 2C 3A 4C【实战训练】 B中考英语阅读理解分类练习：教育类Many children act in TV shows. They work several hours every day, so they can not go to regular school. How do they get an education?In Hollywood, many TV shows are made. About forty teachers give lessons to the children in the shows. They teach wherever their pupils are working. The teachers’ job is very important. They are responsible(负责) for making sure that the children work only the permitted(允许) hours each week. They are also responsible for making sure that children learn the required subjects. They make sure, too, that the children get enough rest and play, along with their education.Children actors are required to attend classes twenty hours each week. California law says they must be taught from September to June. If they do not make much progress in school, they are not permitted to continue working in TV shows. TV children are usually good pupils, and most of their teachers like this special kind of work. Their classes are held in some wonderful places. Sometimes the “classroom” is a Mississippi riverboat, and sometimes it is the inside of a spaceship. Often the pupils become famous TV or movie stars.根据短文内容完成下列问题。

备战2020年中考英语复习专题——固定搭配1.My two cousins decide ______ a business together.A. tostart B. starting C. start D. started 【答案】A【考点】固定搭配【解析】【分析】句意：我的两个表兄弟决定一起创业。

decide to do sth，决定去做某事”所以这里应该是动词不定式。

故答案为A。

【点评】考查固定搭配。

理解题意并牢记固定搭配。

2.Our city is cleaner than it ________ be.A. is used toB. used toC. uses toD. is used【答案】B【考点】固定搭配【解析】【分析】句意：我们的城市比过去干净多了。

A. is used to“习惯做某事”；B. used to“过去常常…”；C. uses to用法错误；D. is used用法错误。

根据句意的比较级可知这里是指过去。

故答案为B。

【点评】考查固定搭配。

牢记固定搭配的用法和意义。

3.We all look forward to you again soon.A. seeB. seeingC. seen【答案】B【考点】固定搭配【解析】【分析】句意：我们都盼望着不久再次见到你。

根据look forward to doing sth盼望做某事；故答案选B。

【点评】考查固定搭配look forward to doing sth。

4.—I have a bad cold, mom.—Oh, dear! You'd better ________a doctor with me in a minute.A. will seeB. seeC. notsee D. seeing【答案】B【考点】固定搭配【解析】【分析】句意：——我得了重感冒，妈妈。

——噢，亲爱的！你最好马上跟我去看医生。

Unit 1默写训练A 单词汉译英名词(实物)1. bell n．钟(铃)声；铃，钟★There goes the bell.铃响了。

2. rope n．绳子，绳索★jump rope跳绳3. machine n．机器，机械4. chess n．国际象棋★play chess下棋5. volleyball n．排球(地点)6. capital n．首都；资本★the capital of...的首都7. market n．集市，市场8. block n．街道(区),(方形平面)大块9. beach n．海滩，海滨★on the beach在海滩上10. cinema n．电影院★go to the cinema去看电影11. club n．俱乐部★join the club参加俱乐部(称谓)11. relative n．亲属，亲戚12. government n．政府，内阁13. engineer n．工程师，设计师★an engineer一个工程师(学习)14. term n．学期；词语，措辞15. program n．计划，方案；节目16. period n．一段时间，时期★a short period of time短时间17. project n．专题研究；项目；方案18. college n．(美国)大学；(英国)学院★go to college上大学19. method n．方法，办法20. population n．人口，人数★What’s the population of China?中国有多少人口？★表示人口的多少只能用“large”或“small”修饰。

★表示某国，某市有多少人口，用have/has a population of ...的结构。

动词21. reach v．实现;达到,够得着；到达★reach there/Beijing到达那儿/北京22. offer v．提供；主动提出★offer sb. sth. / offer sth. to sb.提供某人某物★offer to do sth.主动提出做某事23. support v．帮助，援助；支持24. continue v．持续，继续做★continue to do sth.继续做某事（另一件事）★continue doing sth.继续做某事（同一件事）形容词24. spare adj.空闲的，空余的★in one’s spare/free time在某人的空闲时间25. local adj.当地的，本地的26. huge adj.巨大的，极多的(其他名词)27. primary adj.小学教育的；主要的；最初的副词28. ever adv.在任何时候，从来★ever since从那时到现在29. already adv.已经，早已（肯）30. yet adv.还，仍（否、疑问句）31. abroad adv.在国外；到国外★at home and abroad 国内外★go abroad去国外代词32. whatever pron.无论什么，不管什么；任何事物双性词33. plenty pron.大量,众多，充足n.充足，大量★plenty of 大量的34. progress n.进步（u)v.进展,逐步发展★make progress 取得进展；取得进步35. wound n．创伤，伤口v.伤，伤害36. increase v．(使)增加，(使)增大 n．增加，增多，增大★increase by增加了37. human adj.人的 n．人38. since prep.自……以后，从……以来conj.从……以后；既然，因为默写训练 B 词汇拓展（针对短文单词填空）1.Africa (n.)非洲→ African (adj.& n．)非洲的；非洲人munication n.通讯，交流，交往→communicate (v．)★communicate with...与...交流3.Russia (n.)俄罗斯→Russian (adj.& n．)俄国(人)的，俄语的；俄国人，俄语4. chemistry (n.)化学；化学物质→chemical (n.adj.)化学制品；化学药品;化学的→chemist (n.)化学家5.shut (v.)关闭，关上→shut (过去式/过去分词)→shut (现在分词)★shut off 关掉6. satisfy (v.)使满意，使满足→ satisfying (adj)令人满意(或满足)的→ satisfied (adj)满意的,满足的,欣慰的★be satisfied/pleased with 对……满意7.medical adj。

题型加练二完形填空(一)(2019·原创)It was a beautiful, sunny, spring day. I had just driven my daughter to the 1 to catch an early morning flight. My sons and I then went to a fast food place for breakfast. The restaurant was at the very top of a hill. At the bottom of the hill was a stop sign so we found 2 at the end of a long line of traffic waiting.As I looked down to the bottom of the hill, my eyes saw an elderly man standing by the stop sign. He held a cardboard sign: Need Help, Please! My heart went out to him and I 3 myself in his situation.As car after car turned onto the road without 4 for him, but I saw a young woman walk up to him along the side of the road. She was carrying a bag full of food from the 5 I was just at. To my surprise, after she gave the food to the man, she hugged him. This 6 choice for kindness shook my heart.By the time I reached the bottom of the hill, both the man and the lady who had helped him had gone. As I drove home the sun seemed to shine even 7 and Heaven felt a bit closer 8 Earth.A choice is such a(n) 9 thing. It can touch a heart and change a life. Each day we are given a thousand choices. May you make all of yours for 10 .1．A.station B．stop C．airport D．school2．A.ourselves B．myself C．themselves D．yourselves3．A.thought B．imagined C．guessed D．supposed4．A.asking B．making C．stopping D．going5．A.restaurant B．hotel C．home D．parking lot6．A.slow B．cheap C．simple D．difficult7．A.lighter B．heavier C．darker D．brighter8．A.to B．as C．of D．on9．A.energetic B．active C．powerful D．colorful10．A.kindness B．illness C．happiness D．loneliness(二)(2019·预测)A picture of a boy arriving at a classroom with his hair and eyebrows fullycovered with frost went viral(走红) on the Chinese Internet.A third­grader at Zhuanshanbao Elementary School in Xinjie Town, Ludian County of Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province, the boy's 1 is 4.5 kilometers from the school so he 2 needs to walk over an hour to attend classes.In the picture, the boy has a red face from the 3 temperature. He stood 4 with his white hair and eyebrows while other classmates behind were clearly amused and laughing.His teacher took the 5 on Monday and then sent it to the school headmaster, Fu Heng. For reasons unknown, the picture was released on the Internet and 6 a sensation(轰动)．“It was minus 9 degrees centigrade(零下9摄氏度) in the morning and 7 the first day for the e nd­of­term exam，” said Fu. The boy's parents work in other cities and he lives with his brothers and sisters. The school 8 breakfast and lunch for students but the classrooms have no heating supply.Many Weibo users have expressed 9 support to the boy. User @Hedgehog­qian said, “The hardships you suffer will shine on the road ahead.” Another user @ qwedfgvbn123098 said, “Study hard to 10 your fate.”1．A.family B．house C．home D．library2．ually B．quickly C．quietly D．easily3．A.low B．high C．tall D．short4．A.lonely B．alone C．lovely D．lively5．A.picture B．postcard C．paper D．magazine6．A.created B．caught C．caused D．bought7．A.also B．even C．still D．ever8．A.offers B．gives C．supplies D．provides9．A.their B．our C．your D．his10．A.destroy B．change C．enjoy D．achieve(三)(2017·山东枣庄中考)People once went hungry. A rich man who made bread and cakes sent for twenty of the 1 children in the town, and told them to take a loaf(条) of bread from a 2 every day till the hard days passed.The hungry children came together 3 ， and argued for the bread, because each wished to have the largest one. Finally they went away without even thanking the good gentleman.But Gretchen, a poorly­dressed little girl, did not argue or 4 with the rest, remained standing quietly far away from them instead. 5 the bad­mannered children left, she took the smallest bread,which alone was left in the basket, kissed the gentleman's hand, and went home.The next day the children were as bad­mannered as before, and poor, shy Gretchen 6 a loaf hardly the size of the one she got the first day. When she came home, her mother cut the loaf open. Many new shining pieces of 7 fell out of it.Her mother was very surprised and worried, and said, “Take the money back to the good gentleman at once, for it must have got into the dough(生面团) 8 mistake. Be quick, Gretchen! Be quick！”But when the little girl gave the rich man her mother's 9 ，he said, “No, no, my child, it was no mistake. I had the silver pieces put into the smallest loaf to give you. Always be as satisfied, quiet, and 10 as you now are. Go home now, and tell your mother that the money is you r own.”1．A.kindest B．smartest C．poorest D．thinnest2．A.bowl B．basket C．kitchen D．fridge3．A.luckily B．proudly C．silently D．excitedly4．A.fight B．play C．talk D．jump5．A.If B．When C．Because D．Unless6．A.brought B．tasted C．received D．noticed7．A.silver B．bread C．gold D．glass8．A.in B．on C．with D．by9．A.thanks B．message C．wallet D．praise10．A.thankful B．friendly C．lively D．lovely(四)(2012·山东枣庄中考)We moved to a new area when our son was in Grade Five. 1 we moved, we took him to spend half a day at his new school. There he saw his new 2 and teachers. He enjoyed the visit. During the almost 150­kilometer drive home, he told us that he 3 some of the students the date 4 we would move there. And he had also invited them to visit us.The moving day, 5 Saturday, was a busy day. But we arrived at our new house at noon. About an hour later, kids began to come and soon one of them invited our son to his house to play for the 6 .By the time he returned, he knew where most of the kids lived and all of their family histories. On Monday morning, the door bell rang just before the time he would 7 school. Then it rang again and again.By the time he was ready, we had eight young boys waiting to walk to school with him on his 8 day.They all lived near us. I asked them if their parents had sent them. The answers surprised and pleased me, “No, we just came 9 he would have people to wal k with.” and “It is the right thing to do.”I think how 10 those kids were. And how lucky my son is to have them as friends!1．A.Before B．After C．When D．As soon as2．A.workmates B．classmates C．cousins D．toys3．A.has told B．told C．had told D．will tell4．A.where B．who C．which D．when5．A.不填B．the C．an D．a6．A.morning B．noon C．afternoon D．day7．A.leave B．leave for C．play in D．visit8．A.first B．second C．third D．fourth9．A.so as to B．so that C．such that D．in order to10．A.smart B．quiet C．lucky D．kind(五)(2018·广东汕头潮阳模拟)Long ago people did not need money. They 1 wild animals, fruits and other plants.As time passed, people learned to raise animals and crops. Sometimes families produced more than they 2 ， so they started to trade with other families. Later, people began to use money as a means(方式) of 3 . However, it was not the kind of money we use today. They used shells, rice, salt, large stones and so on.During the 600s B．C., people began using coins as 4 . They soon found that coins were 5 to carry than goods(货物) and lasted a long time. Later, countries began to make 6 own coins.The Chinese were the first to use paper money, probably as 7 as the 11th century. The Italian Marco Polo saw the Chinese using money when he visited China in the 1200s. However, European countries didn't start using paper money 8 1600s.Today, we have many ways to pay for things. We don't often use coins or paper money as often as before, 9 people can pay for things by card or apps on mobile phones. They are easier and safer than 10 around a lot of “real” money.1．A.lived on B．agreed with C．took in D．looked at2．A.did B．had C．grew D．needed3．A.buy B．sell C．exchange D．change4．A.food B．money C．paper money D．animals5．A.difficult B．easy C．convenient D．easier6．A.they B．our C．their D．his7．A.early B．soon C．old D．late8．A.when B．after C．until D．in9．A.but B．because C．or D．and10．A.carrying B．spending C．having D．doing(六)Success 1 different things for different people. Some may equate(等同于) it with fame, some with wealth, and still some 2 achievements. For me, it means fulfilling one's dreams. 3 dreams are, you have a goal there and then focus all your attention on it. Dreams bring you hope and 4 . In the process of struggling for it, you cry, sweat(流汗), complain or even curse(诅咒), but the joy of harvestin g makes you forget all the pains and troubles you have 5 through. So an old proverb says that the sweetest fruit is one that has undergone the 6 ordeal(折磨)．There are several keys to success. First, your goal must be practical and practicable. If you set your goal too high, chances are that you will never attain it. Next, you have to make a plan of 7 it. You can take some steps to realize it. Since the process is quite tough, you need to be diligent, patient and hard­working. Even if y ou meet with some difficulties or frustrations(挫折), just take them in your stride. You can always tell 8 that there is nothing insurmountable(不可克服的). With this will and determination, success is sure 9 you at the end of the road. Now, if you want to be 10 ，what should you do?1．A.mean B．means C．meant D．meaning2．A.with B．to C．on D．in3．A.Whenever B．Whoever C．Whatever C．Wherever4．A.happy B．unhappy C．inhappiness D．happiness5．A.gone B．go C．went D．goes6．A.bitter B．bitterly C．bitterer D．bitterest7．A.doing B．to do C．to doing D．done8．A.you B．your C．yourself D．youself9．A.to wait for B．wait for C．waiting D．waiting for10．A.success B．successful C．successfully D．succeed(七)It's almost a common belief that the 1 food you can find in a place is not in the popular restaurants, but in the backstreets where vendors(小推贩) gather. That's how I came across roujiamo2 I was exploring Beijing with my American friends.We 3 a restaurant that sold dishes from Xi'an when we explored the area around our office one day. My friend suggested that we try a “Roger Moore”. I was confused, as that's the name of a famous British actor. She explained that she was 4 about roujiamo, a type of Chinese food that comes from Shaanxi Province. I'd never had 5 before, so I tried one at her suggestion.My first thought was that roujiamo was very 6 to an American hamburger. The pieces of bread 7 like hamburger buns, with meat in the middle just like a regular burger. It was soft when I bit into it, and the meat inside was delicious and tender.In fact, I enjoyed it 8 much that I ordered more to take home with me. Roujiamo is popular in 9 countries too. For example, in the US, there's a businessman named Jason Wang who's the CEO of a restaurant chain called “Xi'an Famous Foods”， and roujiamo is one of its most popular 10 ．1．A.good B．well C．better D．best2．A.that B．when C．where D．why3．A.find B．finds C．founded D．found4．A.talking B．telling C．saying D．speaking5．A.one B．another C．it D．that6．A.famous B．popular C．same D．similar7．A.is B．are C．was D．were8．A.very B．so C．quite D．too9．A.the other B．the others C．other D．others10．A.dishes B．drinks C．sweets D．products(八)(2018·广东湛江霞山模拟)We know there's no pizza for astronauts in space. Now scientists have found a 1 to solve this problem for them: a piz za printer! NASA has developed a machine which “prints” food. They showed a model of the printer in the US.How does it 2 ？ Cartridges(墨盒) can be 3 powdered dough(粉末面团), cheese, sauce, water and oil. Put these ingredients(原料) onto a printer bed. The printer bed, which gets hot from below, cooks the food as it's being printed. Most of the ingredients are powdered, so they can be 4 spaceand stored(贮存) for many years without going 5 . The food powder can be mixed with water and oil 6 they're being printed. In outer space, astronauts have fewer choices for dinner. Most of their foods—even things 7 beef and chicken—are eaten from bags as powder. Scientists hope the new food printer can be used to make more 8 food in outer space, keeping astronauts healthier and healthier.The printer isn't only used in outer space. Scientists think it could be useful on the 9 ，too. People can make meals at the dinner table according to 10 different needs. Isn't that amazing? 1．A.way B．plan C．answer D．discussion2．A.start B．stop C．play D．work3．A connected with B．dealt with C．filled with D．covered with4．A.sent into B．changed intoC．put into D．looked into5．A.thin B．bad C．white D．small6．A.but B．while C．unless D．if7．A.to B．for C．like D．with8．A.cold B．good C．expensive D．famous9．A.sun B．moon C．earth D．rocket10．A.our B．your C．his D．their(九)(2018·安徽马鞍山二模)Once upon a time, there was an owl(猫头鹰) in the middle of a dark forest. All the animals knew that he was the wisest among 1 of them. So they often went to him and told him their problems. Then the owl always told them 2 to solve their problems.One day, a little bird came to the owl. She was 3 .“What's wrong with you？” asked the owl.“I'm not happy at all, Mr. Owl. I don't want to be a bird any more.” The bird 4 ．“Why don't you wan t to be a(n) 5 ？” asked the owl.“Because I am so small and weak，” she cried. “I want to be as big and strong as the lion. Heis important, but I am not.”The owl said 6 in her ear. Then the bird dried her tears and 7 away. One week later, the bird came back. “Thank you very much, Mr. Owl. You are so 8 ，” she said to the owl. “I'm very happy now. Every day, I watch out for lions and tigers. When they come 9 ， I shout as loudly as I can. Then my friends all run and hide. They often 10 me for that. I am useful and important now.”The wise owl smiled and said, “Dear, no one in the world is useless.”1．A.both B．all C．either D．none2．A.how B．why C．what D．when3．A.crying B．smiling C．singing D．sleeping4．A.agreed B．advised C．replied D．asked5．A.lion B．bird C．tiger D．owl6．A.nothing B．everything C．anything D．something7．A.ran B．flew C．drove D．swam8．A.bright B．bored C．polite D．active9．te B．slow C．far D．near10．A.hate B．leave C．thank D．worry(十)(2018·河南安阳林州期末)“It is n ever too late and you are never too old to start something new！” says Englishtown student Ellen Rema. Ellen began to learn English at the age of fifty, and in just a few years, she has made 1 progress!Ellen chose to study at Englishtown 2 no evening classes were offered in the German countryside where she lives. At Englishtown, she has 3 classes online and speaks with native(本国的) English­speaking tea chers.Ellen began with the first level(水平) of Englishtown and quickly 4 . “I spent hours and hours studying，” she said. “Maybe I wanted too much in a short time. I finished all my courses after two years, but I still had grammar 5 ．”Instead of 6 ， she chose to continue. After another two years at Englishtown, she's still studying in the on line classroom. “Studying online is 7 boring, but you need practice, practice, practice！”Ellen says studying English isn't all about 8 work. It should also be fun. “I really like the online conversation classrooms，” she says. “I have learned so mu ch 9 other cultures and traditions.”Ellen has been able to 10 her English to use by visiting England five times! “I'm very thankful to Englishtown because my life has improved because of it，” Ellen says.1．mon B．little C．great D．terrible2．A.because B．until C．although D．unless3．A.writing B．listening C．conversation D．reading4．A.increased B．progressed C．stopped D．dropped5．A.exercises B．notes C．sentences D．difficulties6．A.taking breaks B．putting off C．giving up D．hanging out7．A.never B．often C．always D．usually8．A.important B．useful C．easy D．hard9．A.with B．about C．against D．among10．A.speak B．repeat C．review D．put(十一)(2018·湖北丹江口月考改编)Qingming, meaning clear and bright, is the most important festival in spring. It is also called Tomb Sweeping Festival. It comes 1 early April. On that day, people visit tombs(墓) to honor the dead. They always 2 some time cleaning the tomb area.They usually plant some trees near the tombs and decorate them with fresh 3 .But it is not 4 a day for honoring the dead. It is also a good time to celebrate the 5 of spring.With the coming of spring, nature 6 ， dressing the world in green. All is new, clean and fresh. Birds begin to 7 houses for their babies. In forests and fields, many animals have babie s at this time of year. Days begin to get 8 and the weather gets warmer, 9 Qingming is also a happy time for people to enjoy the outdoor activities, 10 flying kites, swinging and hiking. This is why this festival has been very popular for thousands of years.1．A.on B．at C．in D．by2．A.spend B．pay C．cost D．take3．A.air B．food C．flowers D．water4．A.sometimes B．just C．never D．always5．A.going B．changing C．setting D．coming6．es down B．wakes up C．rises up D．falls off7．A.put B．build C．climb D．fly8．A.higher B．shorter C．cooler D．longer9．A.but B．when C．so D．if10．A.such as B．as if C．for example D．look like(十二)(2018·山东济南天桥一模)A man died and was on his way to another world, either Heaven(天堂) orHell(地狱). He saw a very beautiful palace halfway and the owner of the palace asked him to stay and 1 in the palace.The man said, “I have been working h ard 2 my life and now I just want to eat and sleep without any work.”The owner of the palace said, “If so, there is nowhere else 3 than here for you. There is enough delicious food in my palace and you can eat whatever you want without anyone stopping you. Moreover,4 needs to be done by you.” Then, the man staye d in the palace.5 ， the man felt very happy, eating and sleeping without thinking about other things. But gradually, he felt a bit lonely and bored. So he went to the owner and said, “It's too bori ng to liveby just eating and sleeping every day. Now I have no 6 in this kind of life anymore. Would you mind 7 me find a job？”The owner repl ied, “Sorry, there is no job here at all.”After another several months, the man could not 8 his present life anymore and went to the owner again and said, “I really can not live here. 9 you do not offer me a job, I would like togo to hell at once.”The owner of the palace laughed 10 and then said, “Do you think it is Heaven here? It is actually Hell！”1．A.play B．rest C．live D．visit2．A.to B．with C．at D．during3．A.better B．nearer C．safer D．funnier4．A.something B．nothing C．anything D．everything5．A.In the end B．After all C．At last D．At first6．A.confidence B．trouble C．interest D．agreement7．A.giving B．wanting C．helping D．hoping8．A.enjoy B．imagine C．believe D．stand9．A.But B．Though C．Because D．If10．A.slowly B．quickly C．loudly D．clearly(十三)(2018·山东济南市中一模)A businessman was once deep in debt(负债) and could see no way out. 1 an old man appeared in front of him. “I can see that 2 is troubling you，” he said.After listening to the businessman's words, the old man said, “I believe I can help you.”He wrote out a check(支票) 3 put it into his hand, saying, “Take this money. Meet me here exactly 4 year from today, and you can pay me back at that time.” It was a check for $500，000, signed by John D. Rockefeller, one of the 5 men in the world.“It can solve my 6 ！” the businessman realized. But instead, he made a decision to put the check in his case, just knowing it was there might give him the strength to 7 a way to save his business, he thought.After a few months, he was out of debt and making money once again.One year later, he returned to the park 8 the check. At the same time, the old man appeared. But just as he was going to hand back the check and 9 his success story, a nurse came in a hurry and said, “I hope he hasn't brought you any trouble. He's always escaping from t he 10 and telling people he's John D. Rockefeller.” And then she led the old man away by the arm.1．A.Suddenly B．Unluckily C．Quickly D．Unfortunately2．A.anything B．something C．everything D．nothing3．A.and B．but C．or D．so4．A four B．three C．two D．one5．A.poorest B．oldest C．richest D．youngest6．A.question B．problem C．difference D．decision7．A.run out B．work out C．come out D．go out8．A.of B．with C．about D．on9．A.share B．talk C．speak D．make10．A.bank B．school C．library D．hospital(十四)(2019·原创)Natural resources are things that we use that come from Earth. Our natural resources are limited(有限的). This means that they will not 1 forever. Some are renewable, like when you plant a new tree when you 2 one down. Others are not renewable, like when you dig coal(煤) out of the 3 . Once it is used, it is gone.People realize the 4 that Earth's natural resources are limited, and can do things to help conserve(节约) those resources. 5 you try to conserve a natural resource, you try to use less of it, so it does not get used up so 6 . One way that people conserve fuel, like gasoline, is by riding a bicycle or walking when the 7 is short instead of driving everywhere.Water is a very important natural resource because we all need it to stay 8 . We can conservewater 9 making sure that our pipes and taps do not leak(漏). We can also make 10 choices to conserve water, like only using the dishwasher or washing machine when th ey are full. Everyone can make contributions to protecting natural resources.1．st B．spread C．burn D．change2．A.turn B．cut C．put D．move3．A.station B．building C．ground D．brick4．A.news B．plan C．decision D．fact5．A.When B．Although C．Whatever D．Whether6．A.slowly B．hard C．regularly D．fast7．A.money B．space C．place D．distance8．A.alive B．alone C．asleep D．awake9．A.about B．for C．by D．with10．A.generous B．funny C．wise D．surprising(十五)(2018·山东淄博临淄期末改编)As a young man, Al was a famous artist with his wife and two fine sons. One night, his elder son had a bad stomachache. Thinking it was only some 1 trouble, neither Al and his wife took the condition very seriously. But the boy died suddenly that night.Knowing the child could have been 2 if he had only realized the seriousness of the situation, he always felt he was guilty(负罪感). To make matters worse, his wife 3 him a short time later, leaving him alone with his six­year­old younger son. The hurt and 4 of the two situations were more than Al could stand, and he was used to drinking alcohol(酒精) for 5 . In time Al became an alcoholic.Drinking too much alcohol, Al began to lose 6 he owned—his land, house, money, etc. Finally Al died alone in a small bar. Hearing of Al's 7 ，I thought, “What a wasted life! What a complete failure！”As time went by, I knew Al's now adult son, Ernie. He is one of the 8 ， most caring, most loving men I have ever known. I saw the 9 between Ernie and his children, thinking that kindness and caring had to come from somewhere.I hadn't heard Ernie talk much about his father. One day, I tried to ask him what his father had done so that he became such a special person. Ernie said quietly, “As a 10 until I left home at eighteen, my father came into my room every night, gave me a kiss and said, ‘Love you, son.’”1．A.unusual B．usual C．special D．serious2．A.saved B．taken C．killed D．brought3．A.helped B．asked C．loved D．left4．A.happiness B．luckiness C．pain D．fun5．A.help B．interest C．fun D．work6．A.something B．anything C．nothing D．everything7．A.life B．death C．health D．love8．A.busiest B．richest C．kindest D．smartest9．A.love B．hate C．help D．work10．A.brother B．father C．man D．child(十六)(2019·原创)An old man walked slowly into a restaurant with his cane(拐杖). His old jacket and worn­out shoes made him different from others.A young waitress named Mary watched him move towards a 1 by the window. She ran over to him, and said, “Here, Sir. Let me help you.”2 saying a word, he smiled and nodded a than k­you. She pulled up the chair away from the table and helped him sit down. Then she put his cane against the table3 he could reach it. In a soft, clear voice he said, “Thank you, Miss.”“You're welcome, Sir，” she replied. “I'll be 4 in a moment. If you need anything when I'm away, just wave at me！”After he had finished a good 5 ， Mary brought him the change(找回的零钱). She 6 him his cane, and walked with him to the front door. Holding the door open for him, she said, “Come back and see us, Sir！” The old man turned around and smiled.When Mary went to clean his table, she was 7 . Under the plate, she found a business card, a 100­dollar bill and a 8 . The note read, “Dear Mary, I respect you very much, and you respect yourself, too. It is shown by the way you treat others. You have 9 the secret of happiness.”In fact, the old man was the owner of the restaurant. That was the 10 time that Mary or any of his workers had seen him.1．A.restaurant B．room C．table D．person2．A.Without B．From C．For D．With3．A.as if B．so that C．even though D．since then4．te B．busy C．ready D．back5．A.date B．talk C．rest D．meal6．A.returned B．bought C．handed D．lent7．A.excited B．worried C．bored D．surprised8．A.notice B．note C．letter D．mail9．A.developed B．thrown C．found D．forgotten10．A.first B．second C．third D．last(十七)(2018·湖南益阳中考改编)One day, while I was sitting in my car in a parking lot, I noticed a young boy. He was bending down and 1 a coin from the ground. He bent down in front of my car, so when he stood up, we 2 each other clearly. He was no more than ten years old and was 3 one blue glove and one brown glove. His coat was too small for him.As he walked away from me, I saw his shoes, which were too old to wear. I rolled down my 4 and called him over.He stopped and turned around to look at me. I asked him 5 he needed some money. He replied, “No. That's OK.”Th e parking lot was 6 . I could tell that his feet were cold because he kept shifting his weight from one foot to the other.“Ple ase，” I took out a five­dollar bill. “It's not much, but when the money is shared, it is much more 7 ，” I said.After hearing my kind words, he 8 one of his gloves and reached for the money. His small hand was red and cold. That thin glove couldn't keep his 9 warm at all.He went away after 10 “Thank you” to me. He smiled and waved at me. That smile made me feel warm in the cold winter.1．A.picking out B．picking upC．staying at D．staying up2．A.understood B．sawC．smiled D．called3．A.wearing B．puttingC．dressing D．washing4．A.door B．seatC．car D．window5．A.though B．ifC．while D．and6．A.dry B．cleanC．dirty D．cold7．A.careful B．usefulC．helpless D．useless8．A.put on B．took offC．put off D．took up9．A.foot B．legC．hand D．arm10．A.speaking B．talkingC．saying D．telling(十八)(2018·内蒙古呼伦贝尔第九中学月考改编)It's common to have problems in our life. But we must know how to 1 with them. For example, your neighbor often plays the piano too loud and makes 2 . You are too 3 to tell him about it. What should you do? You can ask your best friend for 4 . Your friend may go to your neighbor's house and tell him not to play it loud 5 you.If you have no time to go to someone's party and you don't know how to 6 him, you can also tell your friend. Your friend may give you good 7 . He may tell you to call him to say thanks and tell him 8 you aren't able to go there.If you quarrel(吵架) with others, your friends may 9 great ideas to help you make peace with them. If you can't afford to buy something, your best friend may lend you some money.In my opinion, friends are important in our life. They are kind to us and they can help us. If we have no friends, we 10 lonely and unhappy all the time.1．A.agree B．take C．stay D．deal2．A.noise B．decisions C．food D．faces3．A.excited B．shy C．tired D．happy4．A.bills B．meals C．help D．directions5．A.as well as B．as usual C．no longer D．instead of6．A.refuse B．accept C．welcome D．thank7．A.time B．advice C．explain D．example。

学习资料专题初中英语语法——反意疑问句1) 陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren't I.I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I?2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。

I wish to have a word with you, may I?3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。

The Swede made no answer, did he / she?Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。

He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don't +主语（didn't +主语）。

We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。

He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?8) 陈述部分有would rathe r +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。