浙江大学2011年考博英语真题听力选择题原文

浙江省2011年高考英语试题附答案2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）解析英语第一部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分80分）从A B C D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处地最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

1. -I ' m sorry I didn ' t make it to your party last night.-- _____ , I know you ' re busy these days.A. Of courseB. No kiddingC. That ' s all nightD. Don ' m ention it2. Experts thi nk that ____ recen tly discovered pain ti ng may be ____ P icsso.A. the ;不填B. a ;theC. a;不填D. the; a3. Bats are surprisingly long lived creatures some _____ a life span of around 20 years.A. havi ngB. hadC. haveD. to have4. One Friday, we were pack ing to leave for a weeke nd away ____ my daughter heard cries forhelp.A. afterB. whileD. whe n5. I always wan ted to do the job which I ' d bee n trained _____ .A. onB. forC. byD. of6. The school isn ' t the one I really wan ted to go to, but I suppose I ' ll just have to _____ it,A. make the best ofB. get away fromC. keep an eye onD. catch up with7. Since people are fond of humor, it is as well in con versati on as ______ e lse.A. anythingB. somethi ngC. any whereD. somewhere8. En glish is a Ian guage shared by several diverse cultures, each of ____ u ses it somewhatdiffere ntly.A. whichB. whatC. themD. those9. The professor could tell by the ____ l ook i n Maria ' s eyes that she didn ' t understand a singleword of his lecture.B. bla nkC. i nn oce ntD. fresh10. A bank is the place _____ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back whe nit begi ns to rain.A. whe nB. thatC. whereD. there11. --- How' s your new babysitter?---We ______ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.21~40各题所给的四个选项（A 、B 、C 、D ）中, 选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将选项标号涂黑。

浙江大学考博英语部分真题及其解析Section I Use of English(10%)Read the following text.Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and ma,A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1(客观答题卡).We suffer from a conspicuous lack of role models and shared causes. This is1of reason,I think,that many young Asian-Americans continue to assimilate quietly into America2as doctors,scientists and engineers.Our struggles are individual and familial but3communal or political.Ours is a frustratingly limited version of the AMERICAN Dr earr While I can strive for4into Harvard and become the talk of the Korean mothers in ml home town,God forbid that I aim much further and higher than that――5fame ant in fluence as a writer,an Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi huo kao bo fu dao ti yan qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi intellectual or perhaps president of the United States.I wish more than anything else to feel like part of something6than myself and m~personal ambitions,part of a larger culture. Unfortunately,by coming to America my parent,7the cultural legacy they would have passed on to me.When I visited8last summer,found that I was9and chastised by many people for never learning how to speak Korean and for turning my10on their culture.Taxi drivers would 11to stop for me and my Korean-American friends because they knew from our12where we had come from.And13,in spite of the17years I have spent in this country,I feel more acutely conscious than ever of the fact that I am not completely14.Recently,a black man called me a"littleChinese faggot"in a men's room,and a15woman on the street told me to"go back to Japan."Americans,I think,feel a(n)16to keep both Asians and Asian-Americans at asociological,philosophical and geographical distance.With17numbers of Asian-American18applying to top colleges,many white students have begun to complain aboutAsian-American19and competitiveness,calling us"Asian nerds."Many Americans consider this as part of a larger"Asian invasionf associated20Japan's export success in America.01.[A]one[B]part[C]much[D]some02.[A]country[B]city[C]land[D]society03.[A]hardly[B]frequently[C]approximately[D] always04.[A]scholarship[B]citizenship[C]admittance[D] integration05.[A]toward[B]near[C]between[D]among06.[A]more[B]better[C]larger[D]longer07.[A]sold[B]maintained[C]memorized[D]sacrificed08.[A]Japan[B]China[C]Korea[D]Thailand09.[A]scorned[B]respected[C]surprised[D]ignored10.[A]side[B]head[C]eyes[D]back11.[A]like[B]refuse[C]straggle[D]want12.[A]skin[B]clothes[C]faces[D]politeness13.[A]also[B]so[C]yet[D]then14.[A]hated[B]ignored[C]treated[D]welcome15.IAI homeless[B]careless[C]selfless[D]shameless16.[A]fear[B]need[C]interest[D]hate17.[A]growing[B]expanding[C]developing[D] enlarging18.[A]people[B]residents[C]students[D]foreigners19.,[Al diligence[B]laziness[C]hardship[D] stubbornness20.[A]for[B]to[C]with[D]atgection II Reading Comprehension(60%)Part A(40%)Read the following texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1(客观答题卡).Text1InfraGard is a grass-roots effort to respond to the need for cooperation and collaboration n countering the threat of cybercrime and terrorism to private businesses and the government.By the end of September,there will be InfraGard chapters in all50states, Calloway said.With advice from the FBI,each local chapter will be run by a board of directors that includes members of private industry,the academic community and public agencies.Banks,utilities,and other businessesand government agencies will use a secure Web site to share nformation about attempts to hack into their computer networks.Members can join the system!t no charge.A key feature of the system is a two-pronged method of reporting attacks.A"sanitized"description of a hacking attempt or other incident-one that doesn't reveal the name or ensitive information about the victim-can be shared with the other members to spot trends?hen a more detailed description also can be sent to the FBI's computer crimes unit to ietermine if there are grounds for an investigation.Cybercrime has jumped in recent years across the nation, particularly in hotbeds of financial cormmerce and technology like Charlotte."Ten years ago,all you needed to protect yourself was a safe,a fence and security officers,"said Chris Swecker,who is in charge of the FBI's Charlotte office."Now any business with a modem is subject to attack."FBE agents investigating computer hacking that disrupted popular Web sites including ,CNN and Yahoo!this year identified several North Carolina victims.The investigation has also identified computer systems in North Carolina used by hackers to commit such attacks.Prosecutions of hackers have been hampered by the reluctance of businesses to report security intrusions for fear of bad publicity and lost business.Meanwhile,too many corporations have made it tooeasy for criminals by sacrificing security for speed and accessibility.Jack Wiles,who will lead the local InfraGard chapter's board,said a recent report estimated97percent of all cybercrime goes undetected.Wiles,a computer security expert,has a firewall on his personal computer to prevent hackers from getting into his files."I get at least one report a day that somebody was trying to get into my computer,"he said."The Net is a wonderful place,but it's also a dangerous one."21.From the first paragraph,we know[A]InfraGard is a protective measure aga/nst cybercrime.[BI InfraGard is a measure of cooperation and collaboration.[C]there will be50InfraGard chapters in all states.[DJ private business and the government are now committing cybererime.22.Each local chapter of InfraGard will be run by the following EXCEPT[Al academic communities.[B]public agencies.[C]FBI.[D]private industry.23.By saying"too many corporations have made it too easy for criminals by sacrificing security for speed and accessibility"the author means[A]too many corporations take no notice of the security problem of computers.[B]criminals are sacrificing security for speed and accessibility.[C]it's very easy to sacrifice security for speed and accessibility.[D]many companies suffer from computer hacking because they value speed and accessibility more than security.24.All the following are reasons for the rise in cybercrime EXCEPT[A]victims won't report intrusions by hackers.[B]vi victims have no fkewalls.[C]the use of modem is increasing.[D]companies don't pay enough attention to Security.25.It can be concluded from the passage that[A]not all hacking attempts are worthy of investigation.[B]information of the victims is inaccessible.[C]InfraGard chapters will be in effect by the end of September.[D] was once disrupted by hacking.Text2The annual Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup poll of attitudes towards public education releasedthis week found that a majorty of Americans feel t is important to put"a qualified,competent teacher in every classroom".Bob Chase,president of the National EducationAssociation(NEA),the main teachers'union,wasted no time in pointing out that this will require raising teachers'salaries so that more qualified candidates will enter the profession and stay there.A study by two economists suggests that the quality of America's teachers has more to do with how they are paid rather than how much. The pay of American public-school teachers isnot based on any measure of performance;instead,it is determined by a rigid formula based on experience and years of schooling,factors massively unimportant in deciding how well students do.The uniform pay scale invites what economists call adverse selection.Since the most talented teachers are also likely to be good at other professions,they have a strong incentive to leave education for jobs in which pay is more closely linked to productivity.For dullards,the incentives are just the opposite.The data are striking:when test scores are used as a proxy for ability,the bright est individuals shun the teaching profession at every juncture.Clever students are the least like lyto choose education as a major at university.Among students who do major in education,those with higher test scores are less likely to become teachers.And among individuals who enterteaching,those with the highest test scores are the most likely to leave the profession early.The study takes into consideration the effects of a nationwide 20%real increase in teacher salaries during the1980s.It concludes that it had no appreciable effect on overall teacher quality,in largepart because schools do a poor job of.recruiting and-selecting the best teachers.Also,even if higher salaries lure more qualified candidates into the profession,the overall effect on quality may be offset by mediocre teachers who choose to postpone retirement.The study also takes aim at teacher training.Every state requires that teachers be licensed,a process that can involve up to two years of education classes,even for those who have auniversity degree or a graduate degree in the field they would like to teach.Inevitably, this system does little to lure in graduates of top universities or professionals who would like to enter teaching at mid-career.26.Which statement is NOT TRUE according to the passage?[A]NEA is the largest society for teachers.[B]Education-majored students are not as wise as people have assumed.[C]Young teachers are paid less because their students don't do well enough.[D]The study is both concerned with the effects of rise in payment and teacher training.27.Increase in teacher salaries did not turn out so effective mainly because of the following reasons EXCEPT.[A]the authorities do not set standards for qualified teachers.[BI mediocre teachers postpone retirement.[C]the salaries were not attractive enough.[D]teachers didn't have equal opportunities.28.According to the passage,the reason for clever students' refusal to take teaching as profession is because.[A]it offers low pay.[B]they have interest in other professions.[C]it does not value productivity.[D]it uses poor recruiting strategies.29."The data are striking:when the brightest individuals shun the teaching profession at every juncture"means.[A]students doing well in study are willing to take teaching as a career.[B]students doing well in study can't avoid choosing teaching as a career.[C]students doing well in study are reluctant to be teachers.[D]students doing well in study are not reluctant to be teachers.30.All can be concluded BUT.[A]teaching in U.S.A needs a certificate.[B]the more outstanding one is,the more likely he is to choose teaching.[C]American public-school teachers are paid in proportion to experience and years of schooling.[D]increase in teacher's salaries is to attract more qualified candidates to teaching.Text3The Nobel prize in economics had a difficult birth.It was createdin1969to mimic thefive prizes initiated under Alfred Nobel's will. These had already been around for68years,andpurists fought hard to stop the newcomer.Some members of the Royal Swedish Academy ofSciences still dismiss economics as unscientific,and its prize as not a proper Nobel.Earlywinners were among the prize's fiercest critics.Gunnar Myrdal,who shared the award in1974,said the prize ought to be abolished(but he did not return the money).Milton Friedman,winnerin1976,doubted the ability of a few people in Stockholm to make decisions respected aroundthe world.By the1990s,the Nobel committee had gained a reputation for intransigence.Gary Becker won only after a flood of nominations forced the cabal in Stockholm to act.The father of game theory won only after Mr.Nash's sudden recovery from paranoid schizophrenia,though the disease had no bearing on the quality of his work,the best of which was done beforehe became ill.Robert Lucas received a prize that many economists believed he should have hadmuch earlier.In1998,the prize became the subject of countless jokes after the collapse of Long-Term Capital Management,a hedge-fund firm whose founders included Robert Mertonand Myron Scholes,the1997 Nobel laureates.The Merton/Scholes choice also highlighted another enduring problem with the prize:untimely deaths.Fischer Black, co-originator of the options-pricing model for which MessrsMerton and Scholes were recognised,died a year too soon to join his collaborators on st year,many economists hoped that ZviGriliches,a noted econometrician who wasunquestionably deserving of the prize,and was suffering from a long illness,would win.He didnot, and died soon afterwards.Because the prize came into being so late, there is still a backlogof elderly luminaries waiting to be recognised. Paul Samuelson,one of the younger winners,and Mr Becker,who was a friend of Griliches,want the committee to take old age explicitlyinto account.The committee could also cast its net more widely across the profession.Almost ail the laureates are also theoreticians;advances in empirical work and applications in the past two decades have yet to be paid due respect,a fact bemoaned by Mr Becker.Mr Samuelson adds that the economics committee's selection methods have excessively mimicked those used for the prizes in natural sciences: "If the right apple fell on your head,and you saw it,then you got the prize.But if you had a lifetime of excellence in all branches of physics,you didn't get it."31.From the first paragraph,we learned that.[A]the Nobel prize in economics was created under Alfred Nobel's will.[B]Gunnar Myrdal was one of the Nobel prize winners in economics.[C]Milton Friedman refused to accept the prize.[D]the Nobel committee had not the ability to make decisions.32.We can learn from the text that about the winners of the Nobel prize in economics during1990s,.[A]Gary Becker won the prize after he forced the committee to act.[B]Mr Nash's illness delayed his receiving of the prize.[C]obert Lucas received the prize earlier than expected.[D]Robert Merton and Myron Scholes played jokes on the prize.33.According to the text,the author's attitude toward Nobel prize in economics is.[A]doubtful.[B]positive.[C]hostile.[DJ indifferent.34.From the third paragraph,we learn that.[A]Fisher Black did not live long enough to win the Nobel prize.[B]the Nobel committee will soon take old age into account.[C]younger people are more likely to win the prize.[D]Zvi Griliches won the prize after he died.35.In the last paragraph of the text,Mr Samuelson's attitude toward the economics committee's selection methods is.[A]critical.[B]approving.[C]angry.[D]ironic.Text4In America alone,tipping is now a$16billion-a-year industry-all the more surprising since it is a behavioural oddity.Consumers acting rationally ought not to pay more than they have to for a given service,Tips,which are voluntary,above and beyond a service's contracted cost,and delivered afterwards,should not exist.So why do they?The conventional wisdom is that tips both reward the efforts of good service and reduce uncomfortable feelings of inequality.The better the service,the bigger the tip.A paper analysing data from2,547groups dining at20different restaurants shows that the correlation between larger tips and better service was very weak:only a tiny part of the variability in the size of the tip had anything to do with the quality of service.Customers who rated a meal as"excellent"still tipped anywhere between8%and 37%of the meal price.Tipping is better explained by culture than by economics.In America,the custom hasbecome institutionalised:it is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service.In a New Yorkrestaurant, failing to tip at least15%could well mean abuse from the waiter. Hairdressers canexpect to get15-20%,the man who delivers your groceries$2.In Europe,tipping is lesscommon;in many restaurants, discretionary tipping is being replaced by a standard servicecharge. In many Asian countries,tipping has never really caught on at all.How to account for these national differences?Look no further than psychology.According to Michael Lynn,the Cornell paper'sco-author,countries in which people are moreextrovert,sociable orneurotic tend to tip more.Tipping relieves anxiety about being served bystrangers:And,says'Mr Lynn,"in America,where people are outgoing and expressive,tippingis about social approval.If you tip badly,people think less of you.Tipping well is a chance to show off." Icelanders,by contrast,do not usually tip-a measure of their introversion and lackof neuroses,no doubt.While such explanations may be crude,the hard truth seems to be that tipping does notwork.It does not benefit the customer.Nor,in the case of restaurants,does it actuallyincentivise the waiter,or help the restaurant manager to monitor and assess his staff.The cry ofstingy tippers that service people should"just be paid a decent wage"may actually makeeconomic sense.36.From the text we learn that Americans.[A]are willing to give tips because they love the practice.[B]like to givetips to service people to help them financially.[C]are reluctant to give tips,but they still do so.[D]are giving less and less tips.37.According to Paragraph3,we learn that.[A]tips are voluntary in America.[B]people don't tip in Europe.[C]tipping is rare in many Asian countries.[D]tipping is now popular in Iceland.38.According to Michael Lynn,.[A]nervous people do not usually tip.[B]A merican people are anxious.[C]Icelanders don't like to show off.[D]people will ignore you if you tip bakly.39.The text indicates that in America.[A]customers tip8%to37%of the meal price if a meal was "excellent".[B]a waiter can abuse a customer if he fails to tip15%.[C]the amount of tipping is standardized with different services.[D]the man who carry groceries for you can expect to get15-20%.40.According to the text,the author believes that in America.[A]the better the service,the bigger the tip.[BI tips can reward the effort of good service.[C]tips can reduce feelings of inequality.[D]tips cannot prompt better service.Part B(20%)slation shouM be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2(主观答题纸).(41)There are plenty of grim statistics about childhood in the Third World.showing thatthe journey for survival is long and hard. But in the rich world,children can suffer from adifferent kind of poverty-of the spirit.For instance,one Western country alone now sees14,000attempted suicides every year by children under15,and one child in five needsprofessional psychiatric counselling.There are many good things about childhood in the Third World.Take the close andconstant contact between children and their parents, relatives and neighbours.In the West,the very nature of work puts distance between adults and children.(42)But itl most Third World villages mother and father do not go miles away each day to do abstract work in offices,shuffling paper to make money mysteriously appear in banks.Instead.the child sees mother an(t father,relations and neighbours working nearby,and often shares in that work.A child growing up in this way learns his or her role through participating in the community's work:helping to dig or build,plant or water,tend to animals or look after babies-rather than through playing with water and sand in kindergarten,building with construction toys,keeping pets or playing with dolls.(43)These children may grow up with a less oppressive limitation of space and time than their Western counterparts.Set days and times are few and self-explanatory,determined mostly by the rhythm of the seasons and the different jobs they bring.(44)A child in the rich world,on the other hand.is provided with a wrist-watch as one of the earliest symbols of~owing up.so that he or she can worry,along with their parents about being late for school times,meal times clinic times,bed times,the times of TV shows……;Third World children are not usually cooped up indoors,still less in high-rise apartments.Instead of fenced-off play areas,dangerous roads,'keep off the grass'signs and'don't speak tostrangers',there is often a sense of freedom to play.(45)Parents can see theirchildren outsiderather than observe them anxiously from ten floors up.And other adults in the community canusually be counted on to be caring rather than indifferent or threatening.Of course twelve million children under five still die every year through malnutrition anddisease.But children in the Third World is not all bad.Section m Writing(30%)Teachers often consider some students as good students.What do you think good studentsare like?Describe the characteristics of good students according to your own opinion.Provideone or two examples where necessary.You may also need to use knowledge in education andpsychology to support your argument.You shouM write240-280words. Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET2(主观答题纸).[供报考学科教学（英语）专业考生使用][A卷]答案：e of English（10%）01.B02.D03.A04.C05.A06.C07.D08.C09.A 10.D11.B12.B13.C14.D15.A16.B17.A18.C19.A 20.CII.Reading comprehension（60%）21.A22.C23.D24.B25.A26.C27.A28.C29.C 30.B31.B32.B33.A34.A35.A36.C37.C38.C39.C 40.DPart B（20%）41.有关第三世界儿童成长的大量统计资料令人担忧。

2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节：单项填空（共20小题；每小题0.5分，满分10分）从A、B、C和D四个选项，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑.1.—I’m sorry I didn't make it to your party last night .—_ _.I know you're busy these days.A.Of courseB. No kiddingC. That's all rightD. Don't mention it2.Experts think that ____recently discovered painting may be _____ PicassoA.the.不填B.a;theC.a;不填D.the;a3. Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some ______ a life span of around20 years.A. havingB. hadC. haveD. to have4.One Friday,we were packing to leave for a weekend away __ my daughter beard cries for helpA. afterB. whileC. sinceD. when5.I always wanted to do the job which I'd been trained .A. onB. forC. byD. of6.The school isn't the one I really wanted to go to ,but I suppose I'll just have to_______itA. make the best ofB. get away fromC. keep an eye onD. catch up with7.Since people are fond of humor ,it is as welcome in conversation as___else.A. anythingB. somethingC. anywhereD. somewhere8.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures ,each of____ uses it somewhat differently .A. whichB. whatC. themD. those9.The professor could tell by the _______look in Maris's eyes that she didn’t understand a single word of his lectureA. coldB. blankC. innocentD. fresh10.A bank is the place ____they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain .A. whenB. thatC. whereD. there11.－Ｈow's your new babysitter?－We____ask for a better one ,All our kids love her so much.A. shouldB. mightC. mustn'tD. couldn't12.He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of ____at a hotel for the night .A. putting downB. putting offC. putting onD. putting up13.I've been writing this report ____for the last two weeks ,but it has to be handed it tomorrow.A. finallyB. immediatelyC. occasionallyD. certainly14.Even the best writers find themselves _______for words.A. loseB. lostC. to loseD. having lost15.The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant _____in his place but ,luckily ,everything was going on smoothly.A. gaveB. givesC. was givingD. had given16.My schedule is very _____right now ,but I'll try to fit you inA. tightB. shortC. regularD. flexible17.－Ｃan I come and have a look at your new house?－.Yes,_______!A. with pleasureB.I like itC.I quite agreeD.by all means 18.Anyway,I can't cheat him－it's against all my________. A. emotions B. principles C. regulations D. opinions19.If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city ______by their enthusiastic supporters.A. being cheeredB. be cheeredC. To be cheeredD. Were cheered20.－I don't think I'll be able to go mountain-climbing tomorrow.－ ______?A. And howB. How comeC. How's it goingD. How about it第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21--40各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳的选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。

2011年3月19日浙江省普通高校招生统一考试英语听力试题及原文学习的啊D19. modify/ change [v] shift work 轮班工作[n]20. insight/knowledge/ learning/ understanding/ knowing21.constrain拘泥，限制/ restrict 限制/ limit22. circumstance 环境（社会）/ surroundings/ environment 环境（环保）背景background 后台/ settings后台，布景/ context 上下文（文章中）23.notorious 臭名昭著的/ flagrant臭的><fragrant 香的24.移民：immigrant (进来)/ emigrant(出去)/migrant25.兴旺，繁荣；prosperous/ thriving/ booming（人口，行业）/flourishing26.神圣的：divine/ heavenly/ holy/ sacred27.有毒的：poisonous/ toxic ( in-, non- 无毒的)28.致命的：deadly/ fatal/ lethal/ mortal29.类似于：look like/ resemble30. chronic长期的,慢性的— long-term 长期的31.网恋：virtual love/ cyber love32.网友：on-line /net/ cyber friend上网（聊天）chat on line/ go on-line cyber café/网吧33.evolve-evolution 进化/ revolute-revolution 革命，旋转/ involve-involution 卷入，涉及34. indicator/ predictor 表示诠释，预测35.indicate/ demonstrate/ display/exhibit/betray36. therapist /expert/ specialist37. 优点，长处，美德：advantage/ merit/ virtue/ length38. commonest/ frequent39. 未开发的，初级的：rudimentary/ underdeveloped40. 退化：degenerate/ -tion [n] ->generate 生产，制造/ degrade ->grade 等级/ deteriorate 恶化，每况愈下41. 分类：category-categorize/ class-classify42. consequence后果->影响/ subsequence紧跟其后/ sequence=order秩序/ frequency频率43.clash 冲突（民族，种族）/crash 飞机坠毁44. substitution=> substitute sth for sb /replace45.alternative=> 选择性，代替性，辅助性46.孤立：isolate/ alienate/insulate隔绝，排外，孤立->be alien to/insulate (-ior) 绝缘，隔热（体）47．缺点，不足之处：defect/ flaw/ failing/ disadvantage /drawback48.创新的，发明的，新颖的，创新的：inventive (-tion)/ innovative (-tion)/ creative (-tion)/ ingenious (ity)/novel (-ty) =>[n]/creative/revolutionary易错拼写：environment/ convenient49．neutral 中立的，中性的/negative 否定，消极，阴性的/positive 肯定，积极，阳性的50．ambiguous->ambiguity 模棱两可的，暧昧的/obscuremunicate 沟通，传达，通报52.accommodate 1供...食宿，2=adapt to 适应，调整，3=hold 容纳，4使…停靠mitment 1 ~ to sth 奉献2 责任,义务54．contribute to 导致~ result in /account for (占据)导致54.缺乏的，不足的：inadequate/ insufficient/ deficient/lack (of)/ short (of)55.强调：emphasize/ stress/ highlight/ focus on/ concentrate on英语作文常用谚语、俗语1、A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth. 说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。

2011年3月19日浙江省普通高校招生统一考试英语听力试题及原文D用请医生。

17、A single flower does not make a spring. 一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园。

18、A year's plan starts with spring. 一年之计在于春。

19、A young idler, an old beggar. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

20、Better late than never. 不怕慢，单怕站。

21、By reading we enrich the mind.读书使人充实，22、Care and diligence bring luck. 谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机遇。

23、Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success. 自信是走向成功的第一步。

24、Custom is a second nature. 习惯是后天养成的。

25、Custom makes all things easy. 有个好习惯，事事皆不难。

26、Doing is better than saying. 与其挂在嘴上，不如落实在行动上。

27、Do nothing by halves. 凡事不可半途而废。

28、Don't put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事，今日毕。

29、Don't trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 不要自找麻烦。

30、Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起身体好。

31、Easier said than done. 说得容易，做得难。

32、Easy come, easy go. 来也匆匆，去也匆匆。

2011浙江大学考博英语听力原文第一篇：2011浙江大学考博英语听力原文2011年浙江大学考博英语真题听力原文，仅供参考第一篇Among my experiences as a college president is the all‐too‐frequent phone call in the night that begins: “One of your students is in the emergency room with alcohol poisoning.” The whole country got a similar wake‐up call in June when it was reported that alcohol abuse on college campuses is on the rise, especially for women, and that college students drink far more than nonstudents.One statistic showed that college students spend more money on alcohol while in college than on books.Alcohol abuse, although tragic, is but one symptom of a larger campus crisis.A generation has come to college quite fragile, not very secure about who it is, fearful of its lack of identity and without confidence in its future.Many students are ashamed of themselves and afraid of relationships.Students use alcohol as an escape.It's used as an excuse for bad behavior: the insanity defense writ large on campus.This diminished sense of self has caused a growth in racism, sexism, attempted suicide, theft, property‐damage and cheating on most campuses.This is not the stuff of most presidents' public conversations.Nor can it be explained away as an “underclass” problem;it is found on our most privileged campuses.It is happening because the generation now entering college has experienced few authentic connections with adults in its lifetime.I call this the “Culture of Neglect,” and we —parents, teachers, professors and administrators — are the primary architects.It begins at home, where social and economic factors — such as declining incomes requiring longer work hours — result in less family time.Youngpeople have been allowed to or must take part‐time jobs rather than spending time in school, on homework or with their families.More children and youths are being reared in a vacuum, with television as their only supervisor, and there is little expectation that they learn personal responsibility.Immersed in themselves, they are left to their peers.31.The main idea of the first paragraph is that().× 正确答案为C [A] it is easy to be a college president [B] a college president has to sit up till midnight [C] alcohol abuse is quite common on campus [D] it is harmful for college students to drink alcohol 32.According to the author, college students turn to alcohol as a(n)().× 正确答案为C [A] inspiration [B] stimulation [C] escape [D] relaxation 33.The word “architects” in Para.2 can be best replaced by().× 正确答案为D [A] artists [B] experts [C] discoverers [D] designers 34.How do parents react to the “Culture of Neglect”?()× 正确答案为B [A] Parents have lowered their expectations on children.[B] Parents take little care of the growth of their children.[C] Parents spend too much time watching television.[D] Parents fail to cooperate with teachers and administrators.35.What is the main problem with the children brought up in the “Culture of Neglect?”()× 正确答案为C [A] They can't read or write well.[B] They can hardly find a good job.[C] They don't have the sense of responsibility.[D] They are more likely to commit crimes.第二篇Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried.Too little conflict breeds apathy(冷漠)and stagnation(呆滞).Too much conflict leads to divisiveness(分裂)and hostility.Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way.Recent research by Professor Charles R.Schwenk, however, suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determinethan these simple generalizations.He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives.Some of the executives worked for prof it‐seeking organizations and others for not‐for‐profit organizations.Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied systematically as a function of the type of organization.Specifically, managers in not‐for‐profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision making than might be achieved in the absence of conflict.Managers of for‐profit organizations saw a different picture.They believed that conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor‐quality decision making in their organizations.Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for effective decision making suggested by the executives.In the profit‐seeking organizations, decision‐making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial terms.The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial indicators.In the not‐for‐profit organizations, decision‐making effectiveness was defined from theperspective of satisfying constituents.Given the complexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions.31.In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is________.A)wrongB)oversimplified C)misleading D)unclear 注：文章第一句32.Professor Charles R.Schwenk's research shows________.A)the advantages and disadvantages of conflict B)the real value of conflict C)the difficulty in determining the optimal level of conflict D)the complexity of defining the roles of conflict 注：文章第二段33.We can learn from Schwenk's research that________.A)a person’s view of conflict is influenced by the purpose of his organization B)conflict is necessary for managers of for‐profi t organizations C)different people resolve conflicts in different ways D)it is impossible for people to avoid conflict 注：文章第三段34.The passage suggests that in for ‐ profit organizations_______.A)there is no end of conflict B)expression of different opinions is encouraged C)decisions must be justifiable D)success lies in general agreement 注：文章第四段，justifiable 合法化35.People working in a not ‐ for ‐ profit organization________.A)seem to be difficult to satisfy B)are free to express diverse opinions C)are less effective in making decisions D)find it easier to reach agreement B C A D B 第三篇Children live in a world in which science has tremendous importance.During their lifetimes it will affect them more and more.In time, many of them will work at jobs that depend heavily on science ‐‐‐ for example, concerning energy sources, pollution control, highway safety, wilderness conservation, and population growth, and population growth.As taxpayers they will pay for scientific research and exploration.And, as consumers, they will be bombarded(受到轰击)by advertising, much of which is said to be based on science.Therefore, it is important that children, the citizens of the future, become functionally acquainted with science‐‐‐‐ with the process and spirit of science, as well as with its facts and principles.Fortunately, science has a natural appeal for youngsters.They can relate it to so many things that they encounter ‐‐‐‐ flashlights, tools, echoes, and rainbows.Besides, science is an excellent medium for teaching far more thancontent.It can help pupils learn to think logically, to organize and analyse ideas.It can provide practice in communication skills and mathematics.In fact, there is no area of the curriculum to which science cannot contribute, whether it be geography, history, language arts, music, or art!Above all, good science teaching leads to what might be called a “scientific attitude.” Those who possess it seek answers through observing, experimenting, and reasoning, rather than blindly accepting the pronouncements of others.They weigh evidence carefully and reach conclusions with caution.While respecting the opinions of others, they expect honesty, accuracy, and objectivity and are on guard against hasty judgments and sweeping generalizations.All children should be developing this approach to solving problems, but it cannot be expected to appear automatically with the mere acquisition of information.Continual practice, through guided participation, is needed.(293 words)36.One of the reasons why science is important for children is that many of them will _____.A.work in scientific research institutions B.work at jobs closely related to science C.make the final decision in matters concerning scienceD.be fund‐raisers for scientific research and exploration37.There is no doubt that children like learning science because_____.A.science is linked with many of the things they meet B.science is a very easy subject for them to learn C.they encounter the facts and principles of science daily D.they are familiar with the process and spirit of science 38.Pupils can learn logical thinking while _____.A.practicing communication skillsB.studying geographyC.taking art coursesD.learning science39.People with a scientific attitude ____.A.are ready to accept the pronouncements of others B.tend to reach conclusions with certainty C.are aware that others are likely to make hastyjudgments D.seek truth through observation , experimentation and reasoning 40.In the passage the writer seems to ______.A.prove that science is a successful course in school B.point out that science as a course is now poorly taught in school C.suggest that science should be included in the school curriculum D.predict that children who learn science will be good scientists 36‐40 B A D D C第二篇：2014年医学考博英语听力原文Question1 W:It would help me if you could go over last week and give me an idea how muchbeer drank each evening.M:Well, let me see, I went on to the bar 4 times last week, and drank about 3pints each evening.Question:How much beer did the man drink last week?Question2 W:Is there anything else I can do to help me sleep at night? M:Don’t worry about so much things about work.I know, I know, easily said thandone.W:Should I stay home from work? M:No, I don’t think that necessary.Just remember to stay calm.Question:What did the doctor suggest the woman do?Question3 W:How is with your feeling in general? M:No complaints really.Question:What does the man mean?Question4 W:Our managing director is going to give you a raise.M:Really? Are you kidding me? W:Absolutely!He thinks you would!Question:What does the woman say?Question5 W:I’ve been so worry about my daughter.She is so different and temperament forme.We are not always on the same wheeling.M:That’s quite common with mothers and daughters.W:She is a further personality and very much on the ball, but she is an excitedball child.Question:What does the woman mean?Question6 W:Where is your injury? M:Here, my ankle.W:Howdid it happen? M:I tripped over on the evening and twisted it.It was swollen and very painful.Question:What is true about the woman?Question7 W:John wants to move upwards and onwards within his new company.M:He is well qualified and the boss was into him.W:So you think he will achieve his goal? M:Year!For a better he will.Question:What did the man mean? Question8 M:Take the slip to the front desk and then arrange an appointment for the tests.W:Thanks doc!Have a nice day!Question:What will the woman do?Question9M:There is one girl on my school who everybody picks up.W:Why? M:Because she doesn’t wear eve rybody wears.Question:What can be inferred about the girl in question?Question10 M:What’s your coming for today, Mrs.Sanderson?W:I’ve been having some pains in my joints, especially the knees!Question:Where does the conversation most probably take place?Question11 W:How long does the pain last when you get it? M:It comes and goes!Sometimes I hardly feel anything, other times it can lastfor half an hour or more.W:Is there any type of food that seems to cause the strong pain or other types? M:Um, heavy foo ds like stake insonnia usually bring it on, I’m trying to avoid those.Question:What kind of food seems to cause strong pain to the man?Question12 W:Carl, your bicycle is too old, it’s not safe for you to ride.M:Year!I think I need to buy a new one, but it will go with time.Question:What did the man mean?Question13 M:How long could you have these symptoms?W:Oh, I have the cough for two weeks, but feeling ill just be part a few days.Question:What do we know about the woman’s illness?Question14 W:I think I could recover the cough at the end of this year.M:I’m sorry to burst your bubble, but the stock index still ranges between 1900 and2900 after every year.Question:What does the man mean?Question15 M:I just want check to understand which pills to take and when? W:The yellow one in the morning and the others, Oh, I think no, maybe, Ah, you’dbetter to write it down!Then you won’t forget!M:Here is some paper!The yellow one once a day before breakfast, the large roundone three times a day after meals, the small ones when you need one forsleeping.Question:Which of the following statements is true?W:Hi, Patrick, how is your feeling today? M:A bit better!W:That’s good to hear!Are your still feeling nausea? M:No, I haven’t feel sick to my stomach since you switche d my medication.W:Great!See, your test results come in this morning.M:I’s about time!Is it good news or bad? W:I get it a bit of both!Which do you want first? M:Let’s get the bad news over with it.W:OK, it looks like you are going to need a surgery to remove the tumor from yourleg.After the operation, you are going to have to stay off your feet for atleast 3 weeks, that means no soccer!M:Oh, I’m afraid you are going to say that!W:Now for the good news!The biopsy shows that the tumor is benign, which meansi t’s not cancerous.We are going to take it off any way just to be on the safeside!M:Wow, that’s a load off my mind!Thanks doctor!W:Don’t get too excited!We still need to get the bottom allthis way loss!M:I probably just been so worry about this stupid lump!W:These things often our stressed related.But we are still going to have a fewblood tests just to rule off things out!M:Like what? Cancer? W:Actually I’m thinking more of the line of food allergy!Question16 Whydid the man have to switch medication? Ques tion17 What’sthe bad news for the man? Question18 Whatmedical procedures has the man already undergone? Question19 Whydid the doctor ask the man to take a few blood tests? Question20 Whichof the following could best describe the man’s feeling in the end?Women may be more susceptible to the lung-damaging effect to smoking than man.According to New research by Inassessali Sohine, MD, and her colleagues from Chiming laboratory，Briven and Women Hospital at University of Bourger, Norway.They analyzed data from the Norwegian case control study, including 954 subjects with chronic obstructed pulmonary disease(COPD)and 955 control, all are current or ex-smokers.The COPD subject have moderate or severe COPD.A role our analysis indicated the women may be more vulnerable to the effect of smoking, which is something previously suspected the(norkuven?), said Dr.Sohine.The study result would be presented on may 18, at the 105 international conference of the American directive society in San Diego.Examining the total study sample there is no gender differences with respect to lung function and COPD severity, but the women were on average younger, and they smoked significantly less than the man.T o experience the differences further they also analyzed two subgroup a six study samples.COPD subject on the age of 60 and COPD subject with less than 20 pack years.In both subgroupswomen have more severe disease and great impairment to the lung function than men.New(flims?)that female smokers in our study experienced reduced lung function at a lower level of smoking exposure and at earlier age than men, said Dr Sohine.It is long been suspected that the effective Smoking on lung function may be modified by gender.Interaction analysis confirm that being female represent a higher risk of reduced lung function and severer COPD.This gender reset were less pronounced when smoking exposure is low.According to Dr Sohine, the reason why the women may be more susceptible to the effect of cigarette smoke is still unknown.But there are four possible explanations.Women have small airways, therefore eat cigarettes may be more harm.Also there are gender differences in the metabolism of cigarette smoke.Genes or hormones could also be important.Question No.21: what is the most likely surface topic for this talk? Question No.22: How many subjects the Dr.Sohine recruited in the study? Question No.23: When and where the Dr Sohine presented their study result? Question No.24: According to the talk, When is the gender difference most likely to be obvious in COPD susceptibility? Question No.25: which of the following is not the explanation for user great susceptibility to the effect of smoking?第三篇：浙江大学考博专家推荐书。

2011年浙江大学浙大考博英语真题听力选择题原文2011年03月21日星期一15:53第一篇Among my experiences as a college president is the all-too-frequent phone call in the night that begins: "One of your students is in the emergency room with alcohol poisoning." The whole country got a similar wake-up call in June when it was reported that alcohol abuse on college campuses is on the rise, especially for women, and that college students drink far more than nonstudents. One statistic showed that college students spend more money on alcohol while in college than on books. Alcohol abuse, although tragic, is but one symptom of a larger campus crisis. A generation has come to college quite fragile, not very secure about who it is, fearful of its lack of identity and without confidence in its future. Many students are ashamed of themselves and afraid of relationships.Students use alcohol as an escape. It's used as an excuse for bad behavior: the insanity defense writ large on campus. This diminished sense of self has caused a growth in racism, sexism, attempted suicide, theft, property-damage and cheating on most campuses.This is not the stuff of most presidents' public conversations. Nor can it be explained away as an "underclass" problem; it is found on our most privileged campuses. It is happening because the generation now entering college has experienced few authentic connections with adults in its lifetime. I call this the "Culture of Neglect," and we — parents, teachers, professors and administrators — are the primary architects.It begins at home, where social and economic factors — such as declining incomes requiring longer work hours — result in less family time. Young people have been allowed to or must take part-time jobs rather than spending time in school, on homework or with their families. More children and youths are being reared in a vacuum, with television as their only supervisor, and there is little expectation that they learn personal responsibility. Immersed in themselves, they are left to their peers.31. The main idea of the first paragraph is that () .× 正确答案为C[A] it is easy to be a college president[B] a college president has to sit up till midnight[C] alcohol abuse is quite common on campus[D] it is harmful for college students to drink alcohol32. According to the author, college students turn to alcohol as a(n) ().×正确答案为C[A] inspiration[B] stimulation[C] escape[D] relaxation33. The word "architects" in Para. 2 can be best replaced by ().× 正确答案为D[A] artists[B] experts[C] discoverers[D] designers34. How do parents react to the "Culture of Neglect"?()× 正确答案为B[A] Parents have lowered their expectations on children.[B] Parents take little care of the growth of their children.[C] Parents spend too much time watching television.[D] Parents fail to cooperate with teachers and administrators.35. What is the main problem with the children brought up in the "Culture of Neglect?"()× 正确答案为C[A] They can't read or write well.[B] They can hardly find a good job.[C] They don't have the sense of responsibility.[D] They are more likely to commit crimes.第二篇Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little conflict breeds apathy (冷漠) and stagnation (呆滞). Too much conflict leads to divisiveness (分裂) and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way.Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for not-for-profit organizations.Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers innot-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision making than might be achieved in the absence of conflict.Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor-quality decision making in their organizations. Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for effective decision making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking organizations, decision-making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial indicators.In the not-for-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was defined from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions.31.In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is________.A) wrongB) oversimplifiedC) misleadingD) unclear注：文章第一句32.Professor Charles R. Schwenk's research shows________.A) the advantages and disadvantages of conflictB) the real value of conflictC) the difficulty in determining the optimal level of conflictD) the complexity of defining the roles of conflict注：文章第二段33.We can learn from Schwenk's research that________.A) a person’s view of conflict is influenced by the purpose of his organizationB) conflict is necessary for managers of for-profit organizationsC) different people resolve conflicts in different waysD) it is impossible for people to avoid conflict注：文章第三段34.The passage suggests that in for - profit organizations_______.A) there is no end of conflictB) expression of different opinions is encouragedC) decisions must be justifiableD) success lies in general agreement注：文章第四段，justifiable合法化35.People working in a not - for - profit organization________.A) seem to be difficult to satisfyB) are free to express diverse opinionsC) are less effective in making decisionsD) find it easier to reach agreementB C A D B第三篇Children live in a world in which science has tremendous importance. During their lifetimes it will affect them more and more. In time, many of them will work at jobs that depend heavily on science --- for example, concerning energy sources, pollution control, highway safety, wilderness conservation, and population growth, and population growth. As taxpayers they will pay for scientific research and exploration. And, as consumers, they will be bombarded (受到轰击) by advertising, much of which is said to be based on science.Therefore, it is important that children, the citizens of the future, become functionally acquainted with science---- with the process and spirit of science, as well as with its facts and principles. Fortunately, science has a natural appeal for youngsters. They can relate it to so many things that they encounter ---- flashlights, tools, echoes, and rainbows.Besides, science is an excellent medium for teaching far more than content. It can help pupils learn to think logically, to organize and analyse ideas. It can provide practice in communication skills and mathematics. In fact, there is no area of the curriculum to which science cannot contribute, whether it be geography, history, language arts, music, or art!Above all, good science teaching leads to what might be called a “scientific attitude.” Those who possess it seek answers through observing, experimenting, and reasoning, rather than blindly accepting the pronouncements of others. They weigh evidence carefully and reach conclusions with caution. While respecting the opinions of others, they expect honesty, accuracy, and objectivity and are on guard against hasty judgments and sweeping generalizations. All children should be developing this approach to solving problems, but it cannot be expected to appear automatically with the mere acquisition of information. Continual practice, through guided participation,is needed. (293 words)36. One of the reasons why science is important for children is that many of them will _____.A. work in scientific research institutionsB. work at jobs closely related to scienceC. make the final decision in matters concerning scienceD. be fund-raisers for scientific research and exploration37. There is no doubt that children like learning science because_____.A. science is linked with many of the things they meetB. science is a very easy subject for them to learnC. they encounter the facts and principles of science dailyD. they are familiar with the process and spirit of science38. Pupils can learn logical thinking while _____.A. practicing communication skillsB. studying geographyC. taking art coursesD. learning science 39. People with a scientific attitude ____.A. are ready to accept the pronouncements of othersB. tend to reach conclusions with certaintyC. are aware that others are likely to make hasty judgmentsD. seek truth through observation , experimentation and reasoning 40. In the passage the writer seems to ______.A. prove that science is a successful course in schoolB. point out that science as a course is now poorly taught in schoolC. suggest that science should be included in the school curriculumD. predict that children who learn science will be good scientists36-40 B A D D C2011年浙大考博真题英语完形填空题和部分阅读原文2011年03月23日星期三13:09The United States has historically had higher rates of marriage than those of other industrialized countries. The current annual marriage 56 in the United States-about 9 new marriages for every 1,000 people-is 57 higher than it is in other industrialized countries. However, marriage is 58 as widespread as it was several decades ago. 59 of American adults who are married 60 from 72 percent in 1970 to 60 percent in 2002. This does not mean that large numbers of people will remainunmarried 61 their lives. Throughout the 20th century, about 90 percent of Americans married at some 62 in their lives. Experts 63 that about the same proportion of today’s young adults will eventually marry. The timing of marriage has varied 64 over the past century. In 1995 the average age of women in the United States at the time of their first marriage was 25. The average age of men was about 27. Men and women in the United States marry for the first time an average of five years later than people did in the 1950s. 65 , young adults of the 1950s married younger than did any previous 66 in U.S. history. Today’s later age of marriage is 67 the age of marriage between 1890 and 1940. Moreover, a greater proportion of the population was married (95 percent) during the 1950s than at any time before 68 . Experts do not agree on why the “marriage rush” of the late 1940s and 1950s occurred, but most social scientists believe it represented a 69 to the return of peaceful and prosperity after 15 years of severe economic 70 and war.56. A. rate B. ratio C percentage D. poll57. A. potentially B intentionally C. randomly D.substantially58 A. not any longer B. no more C. no longer D. not any more59 A. A proportion B. The proportion C. The number D. A number60 A. declined B .deteriorated C deduced D demolished61 A past B passing C throughout D through62 A period B level C point D respect63 A project B plan C promise D propose64 A unexpectedly B irregularly C flexibly D consistently65 A Beside B However C Whereas D Nevertheless66 A descendants B ascendants C population D generation67 A according to B in line with C based D caused by68 A and after B or after C or since D ever since69 A refusal B realization C response D reality70 A repression B aggression C restriction D depression答案：56.A. 57.D . 58.C. 59.B. 60. A. 61. C. 62. C. 63. A. 64.C. 65. B..66.D . 67. B . 68 .C. 69.C 70.D阅读题目不全相同，仅供参考Tattoos didn’t spring up with the dawn of biker gangs and rock ‘n’ roll bands. They’ve been around for a long time and had many different meanings over the course of history. For years, scientists believed that Egyptians and Nubians were the first peopleto tattoo their bodies. Then, in 1991, a mummy was discovered, dating back to the Bronze Age of about 3,300 B.C. “The Iceman,” as the specimen was dubbed, had several markings on his body, including a cross on the inside of his knee and lines on his ankle and back. It is believed these tattoos were made in a curative effort. Being so advance, the Egyptians reportedly spread the practice of tattooing throughout the world. The pyramid-building third and fourth dynasties of Egypt developed international nations with Crete, Greece, Persia and Arabia. The art tattooing stretched out all the way to Southeast Asia by 2,000 B.C.. Around the same time, the Japanese became interested in the art but only for its decorative attributes, as opposed to magical ones. The Japanese tattoo artists were the undisputed masters. Their use of colors, perspective, and imaginative designs gave the practice a whole new angle. During the first millennium A.D., Japan adopted Chinese culture in many aspects and confined tattooing to branding wrongdoers. In the Balkans, the Thracians had a different use for the craft. Aristocrats, according to Herodotus, used it to show the world their social status. Although early Europeans dabbled with tattooing, they truly rediscovered the art from when the world exploration of the post-Renaissance made them seek out new cultures. It was their meeting with Polynesian that introduced them to tattooing. The word, in fact is derived from the Polynesian word tattau, which means “to mark.”. Most of the early uses of tattoos were ornamental. However, a number of civilizations had practical applications for this craft. The Goths, a tribe of Germanic barbarians famous for pillaging Roman settlements, used tattoos to mark their slaves. Romans did the same with slaves and criminals. In Tahiti, tattoos were a rite of passage and told the history of the person’s life. Reaching adulthood, boys got one tattoo to commemorate the event. Men were marked with another style when they got married. Later, tattoos became the souvenir of choice for globetrotting sailors. Whenever they would reach an exotic locale, they would get a new tattoo to mark the occasion. A dragon was a famous style that meant the sailor had reached a “China station.” At first, sailors would spend their free time on the ship tattooing themselves and their mates. Soon after, tattoo parlors were set up in the area, surrounding ports worldwide. In the middle of the 19th century, police officials believed that half of the criminal underworld in New York City had tattoos. Port areas were renowned for being rough places full of sailors that were guilty of some crime or another. This is most likely how tattoos got such a bad reputation and became associated with rebels and delinquents.21. According to the passage, tattoos were adopted for all of the followingpurposes EXCEPT_______A. To treat the disease.B. To challenge social mores.C. To record the footprints of one’s life.D. To adorn oneself.22. Tattoo was believed to be created ___________.A. together with biker gangs and rock ’n’ roll bandsB. in 1991 when a mummy was discoveredC. firstly in Southeast Asia by 2,000 B.C.D. by Egyptians and Nubians23. In Japan, tattoos were accepted as ___________.A. a means of ornamentB. a symbol of magical powerC. a way of communicationD. a sign of success24. Which of the following statement is true according to the passage?A. Both China and Japan confined tattooing to marking criminals.B. Romans used tattoos for decoration.C. Sailors took tattoos as the gift for their friends and relatives.D. Tattoo parlors were usually found in downtown areas.25. Why did tattoos become associated with rebels and delinquents in New York?A. Because in the middle of the 19th century, criminals were usually tattooed by the government.B. Because sailors had tattoos and some of the sailors were guilty of some crime or another.C. Because tattoos were the marks for the members of certain organizations.D. Because Port authorities required the sailors to wear tattoos.答案bdaad。

2011年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷试卷一(Paper One)Part ⅠListeningPart ⅠListening Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear the question, read the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.You will hear:Woman: I fell faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She is bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B ● DNow let’s begin with question number 1.1. A. The man is busy. B. The man has trouble breathing.C. The man is out of town on business.D. The man is hiding himself the woman.2. A. He has a terrible backache. B. He has a bad headache.C. He has a toothache.D. He has a diarrhea.3. A. It is fast. B. It is slow.C. It works well.D. It is not working.4. A. Four days. B. Ten days.C. One week.D. Two weeks.5. A. He is a lawyer. B. He is a doctor.C. He is a travel agent.D. He is an immigration officer.6. A. Sunday. B. Tuesday.C. Thursday.D. Saturday.7. A. Two. B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.8. A. To X-ray his chest. B. To hospitalize him.C. To perform a minor surgery.D. To transfer their guests.9. A. To go shopping. B. To go back to work.C. To change their topic.D. To entertain their guests.10. A. The man is working too hard. B. The man needs to think it over.C. The man is supposed to find a job.D. The man has made a right decision.11. A. Discussing a case. B. Defying a diagnosis.C. Performing a surgery.D. Talking with the patient.12. A. The woman’s classmate. B. The woman’s boyfriend.C. The woman’s brother.D. The woman’s teacher.13. A. The man is a liar. B. The man is jealous of Lisa.C. She does not agree with the man on that.D. She will surely do the same as Lisa does.14. A. 250 Yuan. B. 450 Yuan.C. 650 Yuan.D. 850 Yuan.15. A. She disagrees with the man there. B. She is going to change her mind.C. It is out of the question to do that.D. It is possible to forgive him.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear three passages. After each one, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage One16. A. Liver failure. B. Breast cancer.C. Kidney failure.D. Diabetes out of control.17. A. Shape, B. Color.C. Price.D. Size.18. A. It is much smaller than a microwave. B. It leaves much room for reduction.C. It is widely used in the clinic.D. It is perfect.19. A. It is under a clinical trial. B. It is available in the market.C. It is widely used in the clinic.D. It is in the experimental stage.20. A. The commercial companies have invested a lot in the new machine.B. The further development of the machine is in financial trouble.C. The federal government finances the research.D. The machine will come into being in no time.Passage Two21. A. Suicide. B. Obesity. C. Turmoil. D. Drug abuse.22. A. Preventable. B. Destructive. C. Treatable. D. Curable.23. A. Combining antidepressants and talk therapy.B. Promoting the transmission between neurons.C. Winning parental assistance and support.D. Administering effective antidepressants.24. A. Because it adds to the effect of treatment.B. Because it works better than the medications.C. Because it can take the place of antidepressants.D. Because it helps reduce the use of antidepressants.25. A. 65percent. B. 75 percent. C. 85percent. D. 95percent.Passage Three26. A. Helplessness and worthlessness. B. Feeling like a loser.C. Suicidal feeling.D. All of the above.27. A. It encourages the patient to be a top student at school.B. It motivates the patient to work better than others.C. It makes it easy for the patient to make friends.D. It helps the patient hold a positive attitude.28. A. By encouraging the patient to do the opposite at school.B. By urging the patient to face any challenge in reality.C. By making the patient aware of his or her existence.D. By changing the patient’s perspective.29. A. Those who stop taking antidepressants. B. Those who ask for more medications.C. Those who are on the medications.D. Those who abuse the medications.30. A. Anxiousness. B. Nausea. C. Fever. D. Insomnia.2011年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案与解析Part ⅠListening ComprehensionSection A1．【A】对话中男士说“don’t even have time to breathe”，意思是“连呼吸的时间都没有”，也就是很忙的意思。

考博英语范文35篇博士生入学英语考试协作部分试题说明根据教育部1992年颁布的《研究生英语教学大纲》（以下简称大纲《大纲》的要求：“非英语专业博士研究生英语入学水平原则上应达到或高于硕士生的通过水平。

”《大纲》中对硕士生的写作要求是“掌握基本写作技能（如文章结构、段落展开和起承转合等），能按具体要求，在一小时内写出250词左右的短文，正确表达思想，语意连贯，无重大语言错误。

”、第一部分写作文的要求，评分标准及考试中普遍存在的问题一考试要求1．文章内容切题。

审题准确,不跑题。

2．表达清楚。

语言简洁、准确、说理清楚,读者能从作文内容清楚理解作者写作意图。

3．意义连贯。

文字连贯、层次分明、意义表达完整。

要使文章意义连贯必须具有一定的技能，包括较强的语感，遣词造句能力和文章谋篇布局的组织能力；4．语言规范。

符合英语表达的习惯、语法错误较少、语言基本功扎实，最终避免中式英语。

二作文的评分标准及样卷介绍14 分: 内容符合要求, 包括了标题或提纲中的全部内容;语言流畅;层次分明,句式有变化。

词汇丰富,句子结构和用词准确,文章长度符合要求。

11分：内容符合要求，包括了标题或提纲中的全部内容；文字连贯，句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误，文章长度符合要求。

8分：内容符合要求，包括了标题或提纲中多数内容；基本清楚表达的主题的内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误，个别是大错。

文章长度符合要求。

5 分：内容基本切题，基本表达了标题或提纲中的内容；文字连贯，语言可以理解，但有较多的结构和用词错误，且大错较多。

文章长度基本符合要求。

2 分：基本切题，但语句支离破碎，只有少数句子可以理解。

0 分：文不切题。

只将预先背诵的某篇文章默写下来，或语句混乱，无法理解。

附：14 分样卷Topic：With her entry into WTO, China is being plunged into an international competition for talents, and in particular, for higher- level talents. To face this new challenge, China must do something, among other things, to reform her graduate(postgraduate) education system. State your opinion aobut this reform, and give the solid supporting details to your viewpoint.With China’s entry into WTO, she is facing a lot of chances and challenges in many aspects. As far as talents are concerned, China is being plunged into an international competition for talents, especially for higher-level talents. In order to adapt this new challenge, China must do something, among other things, to reform her graduate education system.In my opinion, we must make some reform and adjustment in graduate education system in many aspects as follows. First of all, from the view of the government, it must adjust itspolicy of using talents, especially higher-level talents. For example, it may provide manyprivileges for them.Secondly, for the viewpoint of the universities, they should adjust their constructure of curriculum. They should pay more attention to the cultivation of graduate’s capability. They should take effective measures to direct their educational goal from exam-oriented education to education forall-round development. Finally, as far as personnel is concerned, a student should pay more attention to the learning of all kinds of knowledge to meet the needs of society.In a word, it is high time that we reformed the graduate education system. If we do not make some changes in the graduate education system, we may be failure in the international competition. So we must reform our graduate education system. (219 words)点评：该文紧扣主题，结构严谨，内容充实，语言流畅，句式变化多样。

浙大听力第一篇原文The Olympics of Ancient GreeceAlthough records cannot verify games earlier than 776 B.C., the contests in Homer’s Iliad indicate a much earlier competitive tradition. Held in honor of Zeus in the city of Olympia for four days every fourth summer, the Olympic games were the oldest and most prestigious of four great ancient Greek athletic festivals, which also included the Pythian games at Delphi, the Isthmian at Corinth, and the Nemean at Argos (the Panathenaea at Athens was also important). The Olympics reached their height in the 5th–4th cent. B.C.; thereafter they became more and more professionalized until, in the Roman period, they provoked much censure. They were eventually discontinued by Emperor Theodosius I of Rome, who condemned them as a pagan spectacle, at the end of the 4th cent. A.D.Among the Greeks, the games were nationalistic in spirit; states were said to have been prouder of Olympic victories than of battles won. Women, foreigners, slaves, and dishonored persons were forbidden to compete. Contestants were required to train faithfully for 10 months before the games, had to remain 30 days under the eyes of officials in Elis, who had charge of the games, and had to take an oath that they had fulfilled the training requirements before participating. At first, the Olympic games were confined to running, but over time new events were added: the long run (720 B.C.), when the loincloth was abandoned and athletes began competing naked; the pentathlon, which combined running, the long jump, wrestling, and discus and spear throwing (708 B.C.); boxing (688 B.C.); chariot racing (680 B.C.); the pankration (648 B.C.), involving boxing and wrestling contests for boys (632 B.C.); and the foot race with armor (580 B.C.).Greek women, forbidden not only to participate in but also to watch the Olympic games, held games of their own, called the Heraea. Those were also held every four years but had fewer events than the Olympics. Known to have been conducted as early as the 6th cent. B.C., the Heraea games were discontinued about the time the Romans conquered Greece. Winning was of prime importance in both male and female festivals. The winners of the Olympics (and of the Heraea) were crowned with chaplets of wild olive, and in their home city-states male champions were also awarded numerous honors, valuable gifts, and privileges.浙大听力第二篇原文Why do some countries drive on the right and others on the left ?History and originAbout a quarter of the world drives on the left, and the countries that do are mostly old British colonies. This strange quirk perplexes the rest of the world; but there is a perfectly good reason.In the past, almost everybody travelled 【on the left side】of the road becausethat was the mostsensible option for feudal, violent societies. Since most people are right-handed, swordsmen preferred to keep to the left in order to have their right arm nearer to an opponent and their scabbard further from him. Moreover, it reduced the chance of the scabbard (worn on the left) hitting other people.Furthermore, a right-handed person finds it 【easier to mount a horse】from the left side of the horse, and it would be very difficult to do otherwise if wearing a sword (which would be worn on the left). It is safer to mount and dismount towards the side of the road, rather than in the middle of traffic, so if one mounts on the left, then the horse should be ridden on the left side of the road.In the late 1700s, however, teamsters in France and the United States began hauling farm products in big wagons pulled by several pairs of horses. These wagons had no driver's seat;】instead the driver sat on the left rear horse, so he could keep his right arm free to lash the team. Since he was sitting on the left, he naturally wanted everybody to pass on the left so he could look down and make sure he kept clear of 【the oncoming wagon’s wheels.】Therefore he kept to 【the right side of the road.】In addition, the French Revolution of 1789 gave a huge impetus to right-hand travel in Europe. The fact is, before the Revolution, the aristocracy travelled on the left of the road, forcing the peasantry over to the right, but after the storming of the Bastille and the subsequent events, aristocrats preferred to keep a low profile and joined the peasants on the right. An official keep-right rule was introduced in Paris in 1794, more or less parallel to Denmark, where driving on the right had been made compulsory in 1793.Later, Napoleon's conquests spread the new rightism to the Low Countries (Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg), Switzerland, Germany, Poland, Russia and many parts of Spain and Italy. The states that had resisted Napoleon kept left – Britain, the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Portugal. This European division, between the left- and right-hand nations would remain fixed for more than 100 years, until after the First World War.Although left-driving Sweden ceded Finland to right-driving Russia after the Russo-Swedish War (1808-1809), Swedish law – including traffic regulations – remained valid in Finland for another 50 years. It wasn’t until 1858 that an Imperial Russian decree made Finland swap sides.The trend among nations over the years has been toward driving on the right, but Britain has done its best to stave off global homogenisation. With the expansion of travel and road building in the 1800s, traffic regulations were made in every country. Left-hand driving was made mandatory in Britain in 1835. Countries which were part of the British Empire followed suit. This is why to this very day, India, Australasia and the former British colonies in Africa go left. An exception to the rule,however, is Egypt, which had been conquered by Napoleon before becoming a British dependency.浙大英语最后一篇听力原文As the comprehensive strength of the national economy grows, the Chinese currency, theRenminbi (RMB) began to appreciate. Effects of the RMB's appreciation since July have been felt both domestically and abroad, and will become even more significant with time. China should embrace the new opportunities that appreciation has opened-up and allow more room for the national economy to grow in the process of globalization.People need to be aware that the appreciation of the RMB may have some less desirable effects on economic growth in the short term. Currently, China's export market still relies heavily on cheap labor to compete in the international market. As its added value is low, the appreciation of the RMB will affect China's export and consequently the overall growth rate of the national economy. However, there are also many positive aspects to the appreciation of the RMB. In the long run, RMB appreciation will generate more development opportunities. People will feel richer, it will improve China's status and influence in the world economy and it will change the commodity structure and the flow of investment. It will also have a significant influence on the structure of domestic production resources.First of all, it will accelerate industrial upgrading. In a market economy, the fluctuation of the foreign exchange rate involves the international balance of incomes and expenses and is an important price indicator. The appreciation of the RMB means that the price of various domestic resources, especially land and labor, will go up in relative terms and this will speed up necessary adjustments to the commodity mix and domestic industry. RMB appreciation will gradually change the value of the international and domestic markets. Domestic enterprises will rely more on sales to the domestic market so that national economic growth is less dependent on export demand and a more reasonable industrial structure will form.Secondly, it will promote technical innovation. In many countries, technical innovation relies primarily on a market mechanism which makes good use of price as a lever. China's production process is enormously costly in terms of resources and energy, and labor is too cheap. The appreciation of the RMB will cause an increase in the domestic prices of such things as land and labor as well stimulate the demand for innovation. Products for export must rely on technological innovation to be more competitive internationally. In the domestic market, enterprises are also forced to compete through technological innovation. Simply speaking, the appreciation of the RMB will cause the formation of a market environment that is conducive to speeding up technological innovation.Thirdly, the appreciation of the RMB will benefit the people. On the one hand, it will make imported products relatively cheaper. It will also be cheaper for Chinese to travel abroad. This will increase consumption. On the other hand, it will push up the market price of domestic financial assets, changing the financial market structure. If other conditions don't change, Chinese people will feel richer as the value of their money grows and further stimulates domestic demand. Of greater strategic significance is the fact that the appreciation of the RMB will make the price Chinese labor price higher.RMB appreciation reflects the success of Chinese economic development after reform and opening up. It is also an important turning point in China's social and economic situation. Thedownsides to RMB appreciation shouldn't be overemphasized. The fluctuation of the RMB is the result of changes to the current economic structure and will have an important impact on the economic structure of the future. Maintaining the status quo is short-sighted and will harm the long-term interests of China. The best choice is to speed up the transformation of the economic growth mode and adapt to the appreciation of RMB to make the most from the process.。

2011医学博士听力原稿Part I. Listening ComprehensionSection A1.A: I don’t see much of you these days, where have you been? B: I am working on a big project. I don’t even have time to breathe. Q: what can we learn from the conversation?2.A: what time would your doctor be in today?B: He is here after 2:30. Do you need to see him today?A: Yes my back is killing me?Q: What’s the man’s problem?3.Can that clock be right, 10:30?That clock is always off. It’s 11:05What is true about the clock?4.Well, Mr. Black, What brought you along today?I’ve got a pain in my stomach.How long have it been bothering you?A fortnightHow long has the man’s stomach ache?5.You come from S?Yes. I lived in England for 23 years.Are you married to an English man?I was, but we were divorced 15 years ago.Well, tell me about your trouble.Two hours after eating, I get pain, and then I feel it.What would the man do?6.I am usually on the job Monday, Tuesday and Friday from 1 to 5 P.M.and Wednesday from 3 to 6 P.M.Do you work on weekends too?Yes, but only in the morning.What day is the man off duty?7.Now Daddy I’m wearing this on your chest. It’s called stethocope. Itmight be a little cold, I’ll warm it up. Feel the end, OK? First of all I’ll listen to your front and then your back.She has gone that a lot of timesHow many people have been involved in the situation?8.What happened?I was in a fight and got my head hurt.Were your knocked out?No.I want you to go for an X-ray. And come back to me. You’ll need some stitches for that wound.What is the doctor going to do for the man?9.Here, you two guy, you are fucking shot again. It’s not veryentertaining or wise?Yes, thanks for advising us. It’s time to enjoy life.What might the men do accordingly?10.T aking a long view, I’m leaving the company.Why?I often have to overwork which will do harm to my health.But the job market is very tight, you know.What does the woman mean?11.W hat’s the most likely diagnosis in this case?Most probably ------(一种病)What’s against that dianosis?Well, the infected hasn’t had any change in the ---habit or lost weight. What are they doing now?12.I heard all the time that John is dating several girls.But it’s not true, he has explained everything to me.Do your really believe what he said?Yeah, I believe in our feelings for each other?Who is John?13.L isa says that the job takes the back seat to the family after she ismarried. She must be a good wife.This is noly what she says not what she does.What does the woman mean?14.G ood morning. Would you like the private hotspring room today? Forthree people, it would be 250 Yuan per hourAre there any discounts?Yes, It is 50 Yuan cheaper for each additional hour.Then We’ll have two hours.How much will the man pay?15.Y ou are not thinking of getting back together with him, are you? Would he dream of it?What does the woman mean?Section BDialogueA lot of doctors can tell what’s wrong with you by sleeping, so can you er--- by smelling?Oh, absolutely. This actually goes back to the day of----. For example, you can walk into a room or get close to a patient who had diabetes that is not well controlled. There is a kind of sweetish smell.So you mean often you can walk into a room and tell if a patient has kidney failure or liver failure?Precisely. And now there is a machine that can do that too. Fascinating.Actually, there have been these machines in the past, but they meant just enormous.Are they used in therapy?They er---. These machines are imposible to use clinically, because, you know, it a whole room for the equipments----, but the newly-invented ones are very small and ---.And then what do the new ones use?New laser technology.Is it now available given the size of the machine?It couldn’t be better. Unlike the previous, this is the size of microwave. And I think it isn’t far-off, right.Well, it’s very much in the experimental stage. But interesting. However, unlike any of these things which are produced by commercial company, This work is being done be the federal government.Passage 1Suicide is a very real risk for young people who suffer from clinical depression. In fact during the past two years suicide has increased among youths between the ages of 10 and 19, but there aren’t treatment that can help. Research show that the most effective treatment is the combination of anti-depression and talk therapy. Anti-depressants work by increasing--- chemcal --- which facilitate communications between neurons in the brain. “Anti-depressants are the most effective treatment for most adults. But when it comes to teenagers, It’s not enough.” Saysdoctor R, a psychiatrist with---- university medical center. 13 age years are full of turmoil, emotions and changes. And there are family conflicts and conflicts with relationship that can contribute to distress in adolescents”, S says. And anti-depressant medications may not be able to deal with all of those problems. “Psycho therapy, specifically problem- behavioral therapy need to----,” S says. In his recent major study, with the therapy in use along with anti-depressants., 75% of kids are reported feeling better and less suicidal after 3 month probably because the problem-behavioral therapy tackle thinking and feeling in a very particular way that medicines may not. And in particalar suicidal case.”Say doctor F, a psychiatrist with---medical college.Passage 2“Most people think when they are depressed, it just means you feel sad”, says Doctor R, a psychiatrist with Cornell university medical college. In fact, the so-call commonest symptoms of deppression are probably the most painful for a lot of people which are a feeling that you are useless, wothless, unloveable, no good or loser. A commonest symptom and a most extreme symptom, of course, is a suicidal feeling where you feel so hopeless that you don’y believe anything will get better and you are better off. C therapy challenges that kind of thinking. For example, say, you are a depressed teen, someone at school says something credible, typicallythat might lead you to think you are a completely loser. F says C theray help patients see all the time they have been successful, both at school and with friends. It is completely the opposite of how you feel. So you challenge them with reality. And then you correct their disfunctional release and that will actually change the way they feel, F says. It’s a sort of personal reality check that will connect experiece in context. Once the combination of medication and therapy work, patient may decide to stop taking anti-depressants. But they should do so with caution because they may experience side effect. They can get rebound kind of syptoms. It can grow things like feeling anxious, or having insomnia, very dizzy and having Nausea.。

2011全国卷听力做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题：每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A. ￡19. 15B.￡. 9. 15C.￡9. 18答案是B.1. What does the man like about the play?A. The story.B. The ending.C. The actor2. Which place are the speakers trying to find?A. A hotel.B. A bank.C. A restaurant.3. At what time will the two speakers meet?A. 5:20.B. 5:10.C. 4:40.4. What will the man do?A. Change the plan.B. Wait for a phone.C. Sort things out.5. What does the woman want to do?A. See a film with the man.B. Offer the man some help.C. Listen to some great music.第二节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有几个小问题，从题中所给的A、B、C、三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6. Where is Ben?A. In the kitchen.B. At school.C. In the park.7. What will the children do in the afternoon?A. Help set the table.B. Have a party.C. Do their homework.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

全国英语等级考试第二级2011年3月真题第一节听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. Where is Linda now?A. In the woman’s officeB. In the classroom.C. In the library2. What would the man like to do?A. To visit his parents.B. To drive to the countryside.C. To travel to another country.3. What is the man going to do?A. Talk to more students.B. Collect more informationC. Work on a research paper.4’ Where can the man get the tickets？A. From the club.B. From Susan.C. From Tom.5. What does the woman mean?A. She is warm enough.B. She has to study in.C. She likes the idea.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各个小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Police officers.B. Manager and clerk.C. Shop assistant and customer.7. What are the speakers going to do?A. Open a store.B. Make a plan.C. Have a meeting.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。

浙江大学2001-2017年《教育学》考博真题2011年考博真题1、运用人的全面发展、素质教育等相关理论分析《国家中长期教育改革与发展规划纲要》中提出的“德育优先”“注重能力”“全面发展”三大原则2、四大支柱及其要求，并说明四大支柱对我国当前教育改革的启示3、试述博雅教育理论4、试述定性分析的过程，并选一个教育问题进行设计5、“癸卯学制”的特点6、试述杜威实用主义思想，并举其中一例，谈谈它对我国教育的影响2012年考博真题1、试论述自然科学研究范式与社会科学研究范式的基本规定性及对开展教育研究的启示2、实践过程中教育工作者如何在满足社会需要与满足个人需要之间进行抉择和整合3、教育理论研究与教育实践各自的基本属性，消除教育理论与实践推进两张皮现象的措施及建议4、斐斯泰洛奇教育思想的述评5、清末废除科举的过程和影响1、试描述分析教育科学性质争论，并提出基本看法2、试论述教育“本体论”（理想主义）“工具论”关系，结合实际情况分析一种有一定社会影响的教育价值观3、近五年我国中小学教育领域中国家和地区层面开展的课程教育与管理方面的一种有一定影响的改革，重点分析这种改革的目标内容和过程4、简述西方教育思想对1904,1922学制的影响5、论述系统科学对教育研究所具有的方法论价值，并举例某一横断学科的相关概念和分析方法在教育中的运用2014年考博真题一、名词解释1.国家课程2.价值澄清3.改造主义4.鉴赏模式二、简答1.用哲学原理来分析论述教学活动的主体和客体2.论述卢梭的教育思想和实践3.论述蔡元培的教育思想和实践4.论述教育规范研究与实证研究的关系5.论述成为一个反思型教师的实施途径6.论述泰勒的课程原理7、试述课程实施的本质1、鸦片战争以后，到1949年新中国成立，中国教育经历的变革、特征和影响2、杜威教育思想及对当代教育的意义3、用教育研究方法分析元分析mata-analysis的原理和方法4、论教育目的5、列举20年来中国教育改革和发展中的两大问题，用教育理论深度分析2016年考博真题1、论教育目的2、近十年来我国基础教育改革个理念和实践3、我国古代教育有哪些优秀的传统4、近代欧美国家教育改革的理念5、教育实验研究的历史发展与方法论原则2017年考博真题1、试从孔子、孟子、荀子分析先秦教育思想的继承与发展2、论述近代英国、法国、德国教育改革的异同3、试述比较实证主义和自然主义教育研究范式的特点和局限性4、试分析近十几年来我国基础教育课程改革的理论和实践5、试述我国教育公平的理论和实践6、试分析近几十年来我国高等教育招生考试制度的改革与发展。

2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题〔浙江卷，解析版〕本试题卷分选择题和非选择题两局部。

全卷共12页，选择题局部1至10页，非选择题局部11至12页。

总分为120分，考试时间120分钟。

请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。

选择题局部〔共80分〕须知事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、某某号用黑色字迹的签字笔或者钢笔分别填写在试卷和答题纸上的位置。

2.小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后在选择其他答案标号，不能答在试卷上。

第一局部：英语知识运用〔共两节，总分为30分〕第一节：单项填空〔共20小题；每一小题0.5分，总分为10分〕从A、B、C和D四个选项，选出可以填入空白处的最优选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑.1.—I’m sorry I didn't make it to your party last night .—_ _.I know you're busy these days.A.Of courseB. No kiddingC. That's all rightD. Don't mention it【答案】 C【解析】此题考查交际用语。

句意为：对不起，我昨天没到你的party那去，没关系，我知道你忙。

选C。

2.Experts think that ____recently discovered painting may be _____ PicassoA.the.不填B.a;theC.a;不填D.the;a【答案】D【解析】考查介词。

train for针对工作进展的培训。

6.The school isn't the one I really wanted to go to ,but I suppose I'll just have to_______itA. make the best ofB. get away fromC. keep an eye onD. catch up with 【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。

浙江大学考博英语2011年真题(总分75,考试时间90分钟)Section Ⅰ Listening Comprehension(略)Section Ⅱ VocabularyDirections: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose ONE answer that **pletes the sentence.1. "This light is too ______ for me to read by. Don"t we have a bright bulb somewhere?" said the elderly man.A. dimB. slightC. mildD. minute2. Mr. Smith asked his secretary to ______ a new paragraph in the annual report she was typing.A. invadeB. installC. insertD. inject3. We have arranged to go to the cinema on Friday, but we can be ______ and go another day.A. probableB. reliableC. flexibleD. feasible4. The another of the book has shown his remarkable keen ______ into human nature.A. intellectB. insightC. perceptionD. understanding5. The brave fireman had fought for days before they managed to ______ the forest fire.A. put onB. put up withC. put offD. put out6. For the reasons, the newspaper is having ______ problems in the north of the country.A. distributionB. regulationC. recognitionD. destruction7. During the past years the ______ of automobiles accidents in New York City has decreased.A. degreeB. quantityC. numberD. amount8. The most ______ students do additional reading to supplement the material in the textbook.A. giftedB. sensitiveC. proficientD. diligent9. They gained great influence by ______ themselves to prominent city institutions.A. detachingB. assigningC. dispatchingD. attaching10. She always handled the problems ______ her own experience and principles.A. in the light ofB. in the event ofC. in the face ofD. in the course of11. All parts of this sewing machine are ______ so that it is very simple to get replacements for them.A. maximizedB. minimizedC. optimizedD. standardized12. At a press conference after the award ceremony the 18-year-old girl spoke in a barely ______ voice.A. audibleB. optionalC. legibleD. identical13. Why does a vegetarian restaurant make its dishes resemble meat in every way except ______?A. ingredientsB. elementsC. componentsD. compounds14. He become ______ with the girl reporter who questioned him at press conference.A. observedB. obsessedC. notifiedD. troubled15. According to a prominent philosopher intolerance is a/an ______ to understanding.A. barrierB. improvementC. foundationD. approachSection Ⅲ Close TestDirections: There are 15 blacks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.The United States has historically had higher rates of marriage than those of other industrialized countries. The current annual marriage 1 in the United States—about 9 new marriages for every 1,000 people—is 2 higher than it is in other industrialized countries. However, marriage is 3 as widespread as it was several decades ago. 4 of American adults who are married 5 from 72 percent in 1970 to 60 percent in 2002. This does not mean that large numbers of people will remain unmarried 6 their lives. Throughout the 20th century, about 90 percent of Americans married at some 7 in their lives. Experts 8 that about the same proportion of today"s young adults will eventually marry.The timing of marriage has varied 9 over the past century. In 1995 the average age of women in the United States at the time of their first marriage was 25. The average age of men was about 27. Men and women in the United States marry for the first time an average of five years later than people did in the 1950s. 10 , young adults of the 1950s married younger than did any previous 11 in U.S. history. Today"s later age of marriage is 12 the age of marriage between 1890 and 1940. Moreover, a greater proportion of the population was married (95 percent) during the 1950s than at any time before 13 Experts do not agree on why the "marriage rush" of the late 1940s and 1950s occurred, but most social scientists believe it represented a 14 to the return of peace and prosperity after 15 years of severe economic 15 and war.1.A. rateB. ratioC. percentageD. poll2.A. potentiallyB. intentionallyC. randomlyD. substantially3.A. not any longerB. no moreC. no longerD. not any more4.A. A proportionB. The proportionC. The numberD. A number5.A. declinedB. deterioratedC. deducedD. demolished6.A. pastB. passingC. throughoutD. through7.A. periodB. levelC. pointD. respect8.A. projectB. planC. promiseD. propose9.A. unexpectedlyB. irregularlyC. flexiblyD. consistently10.A. BesidesB. HoweverC. WhereasD. Nevertheless11.A. descendantsB. ascendantsC. populationD. generation12.A. according toB. in line withC. based onD. caused by13.A. and afterB. or afterC. or sinceD. ever since14.A. refusalB. realizationC. responseD. reality15.A. repressionB. aggressionC. restrictionD. depressionSection Ⅳ Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter.Passage OneAccording to Scott Adams, creator of **ic strip (系列漫画) Dilbert, the annual performance review is "one of the most frightening and weakening experiences" in every employee"s life. Adam"s stories **ic figures poke fun at the workplace, but his characterization of people"s feelings about the annual performance review has its serious side. Although a recent study of 437 companies indicates that effective annual performance reviews can help raise profits, most employees of **panies hate them.In theory, annual performance reviews are constructive and positive interactions between managers and employees working together to attain maximum performance and strengthen the organization. In reality, they often create division, undermine morale, and spark anger and jealousy. Thus although the object of the annual performance review is to improve performance, it often has the opposite result. A programmer at an IT firm was stunned to learn at her annual performance review that she was denied a promotion because she wasn"t a "term player". What were the data used to make this judgment? She didn"t smile in **pany photo.Although this story might sound as if it came straight out of Dilbert, it is a true account of one woman"s experience. By following a few ideas and guidelines from industry analysis, this kind of ordeal can be avoided:To end the year with a positive and useful performance review, managers and employees must start the year by working together to establish clear goals and expectations.It may be helpful to allow employees to propose a list of people associated with **pany who will be in a good position to assess their performance at the end of the year; these people may be co-workers, suppliers, or even customers.Goals should be measurable but flexible, and everyone should sign off on the plan.By checking employees" progress at about nine months, managers can give them a chance to correct mistakes and provide guidance to those who need it before the year is out.When conducting the review, managers should highlight strengths and weaknesses during the past year and discuss future responsibilities, avoiding punishment or blame.In short, when employees leave their performance reviews, they should be focusing on what they can do better in the year ahead, not worrying about what went into their files about the past.1. In **ic strip Dilbert, Scott Adams ______.A. makes fun of working peopleB. tells a story about as woman employeeC. promotes team spirit among co-workersD. mocks annual performance reviews2. All the following are mentioned as the drawbacks of annual performance reviews EXCEPT ______.A. reducing efficiencyB. creating tensionC. undermining moraleD. inducing anger3. The word "ordeal" in Paragraph 3 probably refers to ______.A. likelihood of promotionB. depressive experienceC. poor performanceD. unrealistic expectation4. The annual performance reviews, to be effective, must focus on ______.A. making employees aware of **pany"s future goalsB. involving employees in assessing their own performanceC. encouraging employees to achieve better future performanceD. highlighting what responsibilities employees have failed in5. The general attitude of the author toward Adam"s comic strip Dilbert is ______.A. negativeB. positiveC. neutralD. unclearPassage TwoTattoos didn"t spring up with the dawn of biker gangs and rock "n" roll bands. They"ve been around for a long time and had many different meanings over the course of history.For years, scientists believed that Egyptians and Nubians were the first people to tattoo their bodies. Then, in 1991, a mummy was discovered, dating back to the Bronze Age of about 3,300 B.C. "The Iceman", as the specimen was dubbed, had several markings on his body, including a cross on the inside of his knee and lines on his ankle and back. It is believed these tattoos were made in a curative effort.Being so advance, the Egyptians reportedly spread the practice of tattooing throughout the world. The pyramid-building third and fourth dynasties of Egypt developed international nations with Crete, Greece, Persia and Arabia. The art tattooing stretched out all the way to Southeast Asia by 2,000 B.C. Around the same time, the Japanese became interested in the art but only for its decorative attributes, as opposed to magical ones. The Japanese tattoo artists were the undisputed masters. Their use of colors, perspective, and imaginative designs gave the practice a whole new angle. During the first millennium A.D., Japan adopted Chinese culture in many aspects and confined tattooing to branding wrongdoers.In the Balkans, the Thracians had a different use for the craft. Aristocrats, according to Herodotus, used it to show the world their social status. Although early Europeans dabbled with tattooing, they truly rediscovered the art from when the world exploration of the post-Renaissance made them seek out new cultures. It was their meeting with Polynesian that introduced them to tattooing. The word, in fact is derived from the Polynesian word tattau, which means "to mark".Most of the early uses of tattoos were ornamental. However, a number of civilizations hadpractical applications for this craft. The Goths, a tribe of Germanic barbarians famous for pillaging Roman settlements, used tattoos to mark their slaves. Romans did the same with slaves and criminals.In Tahiti, tattoos were a rite of passage and told the history of the person"s life. Reaching adulthood, boys got one tattoo to commemorate the event. Men were marked with another style when they got married.Later, tattoos became the souvenir of choice for globetrotting sailors. Whenever they would reach an exotic locale, they would get a new tattoo to mark the occasion. A dragon was a famous style that meant the sailor had reached a "China station". At first, sailors would spend their free time on the ship tattooing themselves and their mates. Soon after, tattoo parlors were set up in the area, surrounding ports worldwide.In the middle of the 19th century, police officials believed that half of the criminal underworld in New York City had tattoos. Port areas were renowned for being rough places full of sailors that were guilty of some crime or another. This is most likely how tattoos got such a bad reputation and became associated with rebels and delinquents.1. According to the passage, tattoos were adopted for all of the following purposes EXCEPT ______.A. to treat the diseaseB. to challenge social moresC. to record the footprints of one"s lifeD. to adorn oneself2. Tattoo was believed to be created ______.A. together with biker gangs and rock "n" roll bandsB. in 1991 when a mummy was discoveredC. firstly in Southeast Asia by 2,000 ＢD. by Egyptians and Nubians3. In Japan, tattoos were accepted as ______.A. a means of ornamentB. a symbol of magical powerC. a way of communicationD. a sign of success4. Which of the following statement is true according to the passage?A. Both China and Japan confined tattooing to marking criminalsB. Romans used tattoos for decorationC. Sailors took tattoos as the gift for their friends and relativesD. Tattoo parlors were usually found in downtown areas5. Why did tattoos become associated with rebels and delinquents in New York?A. Because in the middle of the 19th century, criminals were usually tattooed by the governmentB. Because sailors had tattoos and some of the sailors were guilty of some crime or anotherC. Because tattoos were the marks for the members of certain organizationsD. Because Port authorities required the sailors to wear tattoosPassage ThreeMany Americans harbor a grossly distorted and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food. Fergus Clydesdale, head of the department of food science and nutrition at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, says bluntly that if the dangers from bacterially contaminated chicken were as great as some people believe, "the streets would be littered with people lying here and there."Though the public increasingly demands no-risk food, there is no such thing. Bruce Ames, chairman of the biochemistry department at the University of California, Berkeley, points out that up to 10% of a plant"s weight is made up of natural pesticides (杀虫剂). Says he: "Since plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves, they employ chemical warfare." And many naturally produced chemicals, though occurring in tiny amounts, prove in laboratory tests to be strong carcinogens—a substance which can cause cancer. Mushrooms (蘑菇) might be banned if they were judged by the same standards that apply to food additives (添加剂). Declares Christina Stark, a nutritionist at Cornell University: "We"ve got fat worse natural chemicals in the food supply than anything man-made."Yet the issues are not that simple. While Americans have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the dinner table, they have every reason to demand significant improvements in food and water safety. They unconsciously and unwillingly take in too much of too many dangerous chemicals. If food already contains natural carcinogens, it does not make much sense to add dozens of new man-made ones. Though most people will withstand the small amounts of contaminants generally found in food and water, at least a few individuals will probably get cancer one day because of what they eat and drink.To make good food and water supplies even better, the Government needs to tighten its regulatory standards, stiffen its inspection program and strengthen its enforcement policies. The food industry should modify some long-accepted practices or turn to less hazardous alternatives. Perhaps most important, consumers will have to do a better job of learning how to handle and cook food properly. The problems that need to be tackled exist all along the food-supply chain, from fields to processing plants to kitchens.1. What does the author think of the Americans" view of their food?A. They overstate the government"s interference with the food industryB. They are overoptimistic about the safety of their foodC. They overestimate the hazards of their foodD. They overlook the risks of the food they eat2. The author considers it impossible to obtain no-risk food because ______.A. no food is free from pollution in the environmentB. pesticides are widely used in agricultureC. many vegetables contain dangerous natural chemicalsD. almost all foods have additives3. By saying "they employ chemical warfare" (Line 4, Para. 2), Bruce Ames means "______".A. plants produce certain chemicals to combat pests and diseasesB. plants absorb useful chemicals to promote their growthC. farmers use man-made chemicals to dissolve the natural chemicals in plantsD. farmers use chemicals to protect plants against pests and diseases4. The reduction of the possible hazards in food ultimately depends on ______.A. the governmentB. the consumerC. the processorD. the grower5. What is the message the author wants to convey in the passage?A. Eating and drinking have become more hazardous than beforeB. Immediate measures must be taken to improve food production and processingC. Health food is not a dream in modern societyD. There is reason for caution but no cause for alarm with regard to food consumptionPassage FourAt all ages and at all stages of life, fear presents a problem to almost everyone. "We are largely the playthings of our fears," wrote the British author Horace Walpole many years ago. "To one, fear of the dark; to another, of physical pain; to a third, of public ridicule; to a fourth, of poverty; to a fifth, of loneliness—for all of us our particular creature waits in a hidden place."Fear is often a useful emotion. When you become frightened, many physical changes occur within your body. Your heartbeat and responses quicken; your pupils expand to admit more light; large quantities of energy-producing adrenaline (肾上激素) are poured into your bloodstream. Confronted with a fire or accident, fear can fuel life-saving flight (逃离). Similarly, when a danger is psychological rather than physical, fear can force you to take self-protective measures. It is only when fear is disproportional to the danger at hand that it becomes a problem.Some people are simply more vulnerable to fear than others. A visit to the newborn nursery of any large hospital will demonstrate that, from the moment of their births, a few fortunate infants respond calmly to sudden fear-producing situations such as a loudly slammed door. Yet a neighbor in the next bed may cry out with profound fright. From birth, he or she is more prone to learn fearful responses because he or she has inherited a tendency to be more sensitive.Further, psychologists know that our early experiences and relationships strongly shape and determine our later fears. A young man named Bill, for example, grew up with a father who regarded each adversity as a temporary obstacle to be **e with imagination and courage. Using his father as a model, Bill came to welcome adventure and to trust his own ability to solve problem. Phil"s dad, however, spent most of his time trying to protect himself and his family. Afraid to risk the insecurity of a job change, he remained unhappy in one position. He avoided long vacations because "the car might break down." Growing up in such a home, Phil naturally learned to become fearful and tense.1. In the last sentence of Paragraph 1, "our particular creature" refers to ______.A. fear of somethingB. a fierce beastC. physical painD. public ridicule2. Fear can be a useful emotion to us because it can ______.A. stimulate many physical changes within our bodyB. quicken our heartbeat and responsesC. pour large quantities of adrenaline into our bloodstreamD. help us respond quickly to danger and protect ourselves3. Fear becomes a problem only when ______.A. the danger is thought greater than it really isB. the danger is more psychological than physicalC. one cannot stand the dangerD. one is not well prepared for it4. Different responses of newborn infants to a loudly slammed door imply that ______.A. some people are inherently more easily affected by dangerB. people"s response to stimuli is not an inherited featureC. some people seem to be very sensitive to noiseD. people sometimes seem to turn a deaf ear to noise5. Psychologists have found that our later fears are determined largely by our ______.A. home educationB. school educationC. parents" lifestyleD. early experiencesSection Ⅴ TranslationDirections: Translate the following into English.1. 1999年，中国开始进入老龄化社会。