马克思英文介绍共21页
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马克思 资本论 英文版
以下是《资本论》英文版的部分内容:
It is a well-known fact that the first stage of capitalist production is
the accumulation of wealth on one side, and on the other, the
absolute poverty of the masses. This contrast has been strongly
emphasized by Engels in his "Dialectics of Nature", and has been
described in detail in my "Capital". The great significance of this
contrast lies in the fact that it is the most striking expression of the
historical mission of capitalist production. This contrast is a necessary
result of the historical process of the development of production
under capitalism. Capitalist production is based on the extraction of
surplus value from the labor of others. With the development of
production, the capitalist class necessarily accumulates more and
more wealth, while the working class necessarily sinks into absolute
卡尔·海因里希·马克思(德语:Karl Heinrich Marx,1818年5月5日-1883年3月14日),马克思主义的创始人,第一国际的组织者和领导者,全世界无产阶级和劳动人民的伟大导师,无产阶级的精神领袖,当代共产主义运动的先驱,伟大的政治家、哲学家、经济学家、革命理论家、社会学家、革命家,社会学三巨头之一,主要著作有《资本论》、《共产党宣言》。马克思广为人知的哲学思想为历史唯物主义,其最大的愿望是对于个人的全面而自由的发展,当下学术界认为马克思最为重要的是实践哲学,因为实践是检验真理的唯一标准,其历史唯物观也需要在实践中得到证实。
通过长期的观察使马克思对于资本主义国家认识深刻,其作用在于为人的自由而全面的发展积累了巨大财富基础,即物质基础,而对于在生产中对于工人分工后的人的单向度生存表示反对,与其认为人需要全面而自由的发展的社会发展愿景背道而驰。
1、出生
马克思于1818年公历5月5日生于德意志联邦普鲁士王国莱茵省(现属于德国莱茵兰-普法尔茨州)特里尔城一个律师家庭,他的祖父洛宾·列维(Rabbin Marc Levy)是一名犹太人律法学家,他的父亲是希尔舍·卡尔·马克思,同荷兰裔犹太女子罕丽·普列斯堡(Henriette
Presborck)结婚,生育多名子女,但从一确定继承人的文件中发现,只有卡尔·马克思和三个女儿索非亚、爱米尔、路易莎存活。
2、求学生涯
1830年10月,马克思进入特里尔中学,中学毕业后,进入波恩大学,18岁后转学到柏林大学学习法律,但他大部分的学习焦点却摆在哲学和历史上。
1840年,普鲁士新国王腓特烈·威廉四世即位,迫害自由主义民主人士,要求所有出版物都必须通过严格审查,大学失去学术自由,新国王任命的柏林大学教授F.W.von Shelling将会审查马克思的博士论文,但马克思博士论文里哲学高过神学的立场不可能被反黑格尔的教授所接受,所以马克思将博士论文改寄给萨克森-魏玛-艾森纳赫大公国的耶拿大学(Jena)审查博士资格。
马克思主义基本原理专业词汇
马克思主义政治经济学 Marxist political economics
马克思主义政治经济学的方法
methods of Marxist political economics
古典经济学 classical economics
空想社会主义 utopian socialism
劳动过程 labour process
生产力 productivity
生产关系 relations of production
生产方式 mode of production
劳动对象 objects of labour
劳动资料 means of labour
体力劳动 manual labour 脑力劳动 mental labour
经济基础 economic base 上层建筑 super structure
生产 production 交换 exchange
分配 distribution 消费 consumption
经济规律 economic law
基本经济规律 basic economic law
唯物辩证法 materialist dialectics
科学抽象法 scientific abstraction
归纳和演绎法 induction and deduction 经济制度economic system
简单协作 simple cooperation
工场手工业manufacture
产业革命Industrial Revolution
机器大工业 modern mechanical industry
资本主义工业化 capitalist industrialization
资本主义所有制 capitalist ownership
This is the earliest extant letter of Engels
to Marx, written soon after Engels’ return to
Germany from England. On his way back to
Germany at the end of August 1844, he stopped
in Paris, where he met Marx. During the days
they spent together they discovered that their
theoretical views coincided, and the
immediately began their first joint work,
directed against the Young Hegelians. Engels
finished his part before leaving Paris, while
Marx continued to write his. At first they
intended to call the book A Critique of
Critical Criticism. Against Bruno Bauer and Co.
But while it was being printed Marx added The
Holy Family to the title.
This meeting of Marx and Engels in Paris marked the beginning of
their friendship, joint scientific work and revolutionary struggle.
The extant original of this letter bears no date. The approximate