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光合细菌应用的研究进展光合细菌应用的研究进展摘要:光合细菌作为一种厌氧菌，本身含有多种营养物质和生理活性物质，具有进行光合作用、发酵以及固氮、产氢等功能，近几十年来受到世界的广泛关注。
本文简单介绍了光合细菌的分类和特征、性质，重点讨论了光合细菌在废水处理、生产单细胞蛋白、水产养殖、农牧业、生产食用色素以及其他等多方面的应用，尤其是将其用于中药的生物技术处理，为新药的研究开发提供了一种全新的思路和方法。
关键词:光合细菌;应用;研究光合细菌(photosynthetic bacteria,PSB)是自然界中的一类水圈微生物，广泛分布于湖泊、海洋、土壤中，是地球上最古老的生物之一。
人类对光合细菌的认识始于19世纪30年代。
1836年，Ehrenberg发现两种能够使沼泽、湖泊等水体颜色变红的微生物，且其生长与光、H2S的存在有密切关系。
1883年Engelmann根据此类“红色细菌”聚集生长在波长与细菌细胞内色素的吸收波长相一致的光线下这个事实，从而认为它们能进行光合作用。
Van Niel 于1931年提出光合作用的共同反应式，用生物化学统一性观点解释生物的光合成现象，为现代光合细菌研究工作奠定了坚实的基础。
1987年，在中国上海成功召开了第一届中日光合细菌国际学术会议，大大推动了光合细菌的研究和应用的发展。
1 PSB的分类根据《伯杰细菌鉴定手册》第8版，将PSB分为2大类：蓝细菌(门)和红螺菌(目)，其中可进行光合作用而不产氧的红螺菌又可分为3个科(红螺菌科、着色菌科和绿菌科)，18个属，见下表。
表1 PSB的分类(略)2 PSB的特征和性质光合细菌属革兰氏阴性细菌，主要有球状、杆状、螺旋状和卵圆形，一般细胞直径大小为0.5 ~5 μm。
主要以二分分裂方式进行繁殖，少数为出芽生殖。
光合细菌菌体内含有菌绿素和类胡萝卜素，细菌的种类和数量不同，菌体可以呈现不同的颜色。
光合细菌能以光作为能源，以CO2或有机物作为营养碳源进行繁殖，能利用太阳能同化CO2，在不同的自然条件下具有不同的功能，如固氮、固碳、放氢等，在自然界的物质循环中起着重要的作用。
污水处理英语词汇 AA/A/O 法anaerobic-anoxic-oxicprocess(厌氧-缺氧-好氧法)A-A-O 生物脱氮除磷工艺 A-A-O biological nitrogen andphosphorus removal process A-O 脱氮工艺 A-Onitrogen removal process A-O 除磷工艺 A-Ophosphorus removal process AB 法 Adsorption Biodegradation process(吸附生物降解法)总a 放射线 Total a radioactivity氨氮 ammonia-nitrogen 氨基酸 amino acid氨化反应 Nitragen铵盐 ammonium saltA/O 法(厌氧-好氧法)anaerobic-oxic process奥贝尔(Orbal)型氧化沟Orbal oxidation ditchB巴登福脱氮除磷工艺Ｂardenpho nitrogen and phosphorus removal process白水(漂洗废水) whitewater(bleaching water) 板框压滤 plate pressure filtration离心机 centrifugal machine半渗透膜semi-permeable membrane棒状杆菌属corynebacterium薄膜式淋水填料 filmpacking饱和常数(Ks) saturationconstant 暴雨公式 storm flowformula 暴雨径流 storm runoff溢流井 overflow well苯 benzene苯胺 aniline总B 放射性 Total Bradioactivity泵型叶轮暴气器 paddleimpeller aerator泵站 pumping stationBMTS 型一体化氧化沟BMTS intrachannel clarifieroxidation ditch 闭路循环 closed loop表面冲洗 surfacewashing表面负荷 surface load表面过滤 surfacefiltration 表面活性剂 surfactant表面活性物质 surface active additive agent表面曝气 surface aeration表面曝气器 surface aerator表面淹灌 surface flood irrigation表面冲洗装置 surface washing facility丙烯酸 acrylic acid 丙烯腈 acrylonitrile病毒 virus病原菌(致病菌) pathogen 病原微生物 pathogen microorganismBOD-污泥负荷BOD-sludge load补充水 make-up water 布朗运动 Brownian movement C财务评价 financial evaluation配水系统 distribution system侧渠型一体化氧化沟 integrated oxidation ditchwith side ditch产氢气乙酸菌 Rydrogenes and acetic aidgenes产甲烷细菌methanogenes产率系数 yield coefficient常规给水处理工艺 conventional water treatmentprocesses敞开式循环冷却水系统 opened recirculating coolingwater system超高纯水ultra-high-purify water超过滤 ultrafiltration超过滤膜法ultrafiltration membrane process沉淀 precipitation, sedimentation沉淀池 sedimentationtank沉砂池 grit chamber城市废水 municipalwastewater城市废水处理 municipal wastewater treatment澄清 clalification可持续发展 sustainable development充满度 degree of fullness重现期 exceedion interval, period of recurrence抽风式机械通风冷却塔 induced draft mechanical cooling tower臭氧发生器 ozone generator臭氧法 ozonation process臭氧消毒 ozonedisinfection 初次(级)沉淀池 primary clarifier, primarysedimentation tank除水器 drift eliminator除铁除锰 iron and manganese removal 除盐水(脱盐水) desalted water,demineralized water 除渣 desilication, silica removal除藻 algal removal 除氟 algal fluorine穿透曲线 penetration curve活性污泥法 activatedsludge process 生物脱氮工艺 biological nitrogen remo process船型一体化氧化沟 BoatType in intrachannelclarifier oxidation ditc纯(富)氧曝气法pure-oxygen aeration pro磁凝结 magnetic coagulation磁盘法 magnetic diskprocess 磁过滤法 magneticfierration process萃取 extraction萃取剂 extractant D 达西定律 Darcy ’s law大肠菌群Coliform-group bacteria大气泡曝气装置 large bubble aerator代谢 metabolism带式过滤 belt press filtration]单级传统消化池 single-stage conventional digester单螺旋式曝气装置single spiral aerator 氮 nitrogen氮循环 nitrogen cycle 蛋白质 protein倒虹管 inverted siphon 低放射性废物 low-level radio active waste 制浆废水 kraft mill wastewater敌百虫 dipterex敌敌畏 dichlorvos 涤纶纤维 polyester fiber地表漫流系统 overland flow system(OF)地表水 surface water地面（表）水环境质量标准 environmental quality standard for surface water地下滤场 underground filtration field地下渗漏 underground percolation地下渗滤系统 subsurface infiltrationsystem地下水 groundwater人工湿地系统artificial(constructed)wetland再生水回流地下水质标准water quality standard forrecharging parifiedwastewater water into groundwateraquifer地下水位 underground water level淀粉生产废水 starch producing wastewater点滴-薄膜式淋水填料splash-film packing点滴式淋水填料 splash packing 点污染源 pointpollufion source 电动电位electromotance potential电镀废水electroplating wastewater电极 electrode电解法 electrolyticalprocess电流密度 eletronic density电渗析 electrodialysis 电渗析器electrodialyzer电晕放电 brush discharge动态年成本 dynamic annual cost动植物油 oil and grease 对硫磷 parathion 多层床 multibed 多环芳烃 polycyclichydracarban 多氯联苯polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) E二次(级)沉淀池secondary clarifier, secondary sedimentation 二级处理 secondarytratament F 乏燃料 spent fuel 反冲洗 black washing反渗透（逆渗透）reverse osmosis 反渗透法 reverseosmosis process反渗透膜 reverse osmosis membrane反硝化，脱氮denitrification防止腐蚀 corrosion prevention纺丝 spining 纺织废水 textile wastewater放射性半衰期radioactive half-life放射性废水处理 radioactive wastewatertreatment放射性排出物radioactive effluent非点源污染（面源污染）non-point source pollution非离子氨 non-ionic ammonia废水处理 wastewater treatment废水中和neutralization of wastewaters分离 separation分流制 separate system分流排水系统separated sewer system酚 phenol焚烧 incineration 风吹损失 windageloss风筒式冷却塔chimmey cooling tower封闭循环系统 closedrecirculation system氟化物 fluoride辐射流沉淀池 radial flow sedimentation tank浮盖式消化池floating-cover digester气浮 flotation 福斯特利帕除磷工艺 Phostrip phosphorus removal process福列德克斯脱氮除磷工艺 Phoredox nitrogen and phosphorus removal process 腐蚀 corrosion富营养化eutrophication富营养化湖泊、水库 eutrophic lake,eutrophicreservoirGr 射线 gamma rays 甘蔗废水 sugarcanewastewater 干化 drying干化床 drying bed冷却塔 cooling tower钢铁工业废水 iron and steel mill wastewater高纯水 ultrapure water 高放废物 high-level radio active wastes高份子电解质polymolecular electrolye高份子絮凝剂polymolecular floc高负荷活性污泥法 high-loading activatedsludge method高负荷生物滤池 high loading biological filte高炉煤气洗涤水wastewater produced fromscrubbing blast furnacegas高锰酸盐指数 potassium permanganate index高速消化池 high-rate digester高梯度磁分离器(HGMS) high grade magnegic separator高浊度水 high turbiditywater 格栅 bar screen 隔板反应池 bafflereaction tank隔板式混合槽 baffle mixer隔油池 oil separator 镉 cadmium铬 chromium给水泵站 water pumping station给水处理 water treatment给水网管系统 water supply system工业水处理与循环系统industrial water treatment and recirculation system工业废水 industrial wastewater汞 mercury鼓风曝气 blast aeration 鼓风式机械通风冷却塔 forced draft mechanicalcooling tower固定螺旋式曝气装置fixed spiral aerator景观、娱乐水体landscape and recreation waterbody管道接口 conduit joint 给水配水系统 watersupply piping distribution system网管平差 balancingnetwok 罐头生产废水 Cannerywastewater硅藻土 cilicious mar H海水淡化demineralization of sea water含酚废水 phenol contained wastewater含水量 moisture content含盐量 saline capacity 含油废水 oily wastewater旱流污水量(DWF)dry-weather flow 好氧生物处理 aerobicbiological treatment 好氧塘 aerobic pond 好氧稳定 aerobic stabilization合成洗涤剂 synthetic detergent合成纤维 synthetic fiber合成纤维废水 synthetic fiber wastewater 合成橡胶 synthetic rubber合流城市废水 combinedmunicipal wastewater合流制排水系统combined sewer system水体功能分类 waterbodyfunction classification核能工厂 nuclear power station核燃料循环 nuclear fuel cycle核素 nuclide冶金工业废水metallurgical industrywastewater黑液 black liquor 黑液除硅sillica-elimination fromblack liquid虹吸滤池 siphon filter 化学处理 chemicaltreatment化学工业 chemicalindustry化学吸附 chemicaladsorption 化学纤维 chemical fiber化学需氧量 chemicaloxygen demand (COD)环状管网系统 grid pipe network system缓蚀 corrosion inhibition缓蚀剂 corrosion inhibitor磺化煤 sulfonated coal 挥发酚 volatile phenol 回流比 recycle ratio 回流污泥率 return sludge ratio汇水面积 catchment area, collection area混合 mixing混合床 miced bed 混合液挥发性悬浮固体mixed liquor volatile suspended solids(MLVSS) 混合液悬浮固体 mixed liquor suspended solids(MLSS)混凝 coagulation 混凝沉淀coagulation-sedimentation 混凝剂 coagulant 浑浊度 tubidity活化产物 activation products硅酸钠 sodium silicate 活性剂 activator活性染料 active dye 活性炭 activated carbon活性炭的再生re-generation of activated carbon活性炭吸附 activecarbon adsorption活性污泥 activated sludge 活性污泥法 activatedsludge process 活性污泥负荷 activatedsludge loading活性污泥驯化acclimation of activatedsludge J机械反应池 mechanicalreactor机械剪切曝气装置mechanical shearing aerator机械搅拌 mechanicalmixing机械搅拌澄清池accelerator机械曝气 mechanicalaeration机械通风冷却塔mechanical draft cooling tower 机械脱水 mechanicaldewatering极化现象 polarization级配 granularcomposition集水池 collection well集中处理(合并处理)joint treatment计算机 computer 计算机辅助设计computer aid design加速过滤器accelo-filter加压气化 pressure-gasification甲基对硫磷 parathion methyl甲醛 formaldehyde甲烷 methane甲烷发酵 methane fermentation 甲烷气体 methane gas间歇式活性污泥系统sequencing batch reactoractivated sludge system(蒹性塘 facultative pond检查井 manhole 减压薄膜蒸发法decreasing pressure andthin-film evaporation process碱法制浆 soda pulping process浆粕 pulp降雨历时 duration of rainfall降雨量,降水precipitation浇洒道路用水 street flushing water焦化废水 coking wastewater交替工作式氧化沟alternative operating oxidation ditch交替运行的生物滤池alternative operating trickling filter胶体 colloid阶段曝气 step aeration 接触池 contact chamber 接触氧化法 contactoxidation process 结垢 scale节水 water saving 锦纶纤维 polyamide fiber腈纶纤维 acrylic fiber 精制塘(深度处理塘) polishing pond经济效益 economic benefit径流系数 runoff coefficent静态年成本 static annuity cost景观娱乐用水水质标准 water quality standard forlandscape and recreation area酒精工业 alcoholdistilery就地处理系统(小型处理)on-site treatment systems(small scale facilities)聚丙烯酰胺polyacrylamide聚丙烯酰胺水解体polyacrylamide hydrolysis product聚合 polymerize聚合度 polymerizingdegree聚合氯化铝polyaluminum chloride均衡池(塘) equalizaliontank(basin,lagoon)K卡罗塞式氧化沟Corrousel oxidation ditchK 型叶轮曝气机 K type impeller aerator凯式氮 kjeldahlnitrogen空气驱动式生物转盘aero biological disks孔隙率 porosity快滤池 rapid filter快速渗滤系统 rapid infiltration system(RI) 矿井 shaft(mine)矿区 mining area 矿区环境 mining area environment 矿山废水 minery wasterwater矿山酸性废水 acid minewastewater 扩散板 diffusion plate扩散管 diffusion tube扩散盘(罩) diffusion disc(cover) L乐果 dimethoate冷凝 condensation 冷凝水 condensate water 冷却 cooling冷却池 cooling pond 冷却塔 cooling tower 冷却塔配水系统 coolingtower distribution system 冷却循环水 circulated cooling water冷轧 cold steel -rolling离心泵 centrifugal pump 离心 centrifugation force离心机 centrifugal machine离心脱水 centrifugal dewatering离心作用centrifugation离子交换 ion exchange离子交换剂 ion exchanger离子交换膜 ion exchangemembrane离子交换树脂 ion exchange resin粒径 grain size砾石承托层 gravel support炼钢厂废水steel-making process wastewater炼铁 iron-smelting 炼铁(高炉)废水 blast furnace wastewater炼油厂废水 refineryprocessing waserwater淋滤 leaching淋水密度 waterdrenching density淋水面积 waterdrenching aera淋水填料 packing磷 phosphorus 磷酸盐 phosphate生物流化床 Biologicalfluidized bed硫化物 sulphide硫化物沉淀法 precipitation with sulphide硫酸铵 ammonium sulfate硫酸钙 Calcium sulfate 硫酸铝 aluminum sulfate 硫酸镁 magnesiumsulfate硫酸铁 ferric sulfate 硫酸亚铁 ferrous sulfate硫酸盐 sulfate 硫循环 sulphur cycle 铝酸钠 sodium aluminate 滤层 filter layer滤池冲洗水量 filter washing water consumptio滤池配水系统 filterunderdrain system滤池运行周期 filtercycle time滤床 filter bed 滤料 filtering medium滤速 filtration rate 滤液 filtrate 氯 chlorine氯-氨法chlorine-ammonia process氯化,加氯处理 chlorination氯化物 Chlorides螺旋桨式快速搅拌机 propeller-type high speeagitatorM马拉硫磷 malathion脉冲澄清池 pulsator慢滤池 slowfilter慢速渗滤系统 slow rate infiltration system (SR) 煤气 coal gas 煤气厂 gas work煤气发生器 coal gas generator煤气发生站 gasgeneration station 煤气净化 coal gas purification煤炭 coal 锰 manganse米门公式 Michaelis - Menten equation莫诺德公式 Monod equation密闭式循环冷却水系统closed recirculating cooling water system密集多喷嘴曝气装置compact multinozzle aerator 面污染源 non-point pollution source敏感性分析 sensitivity analysis膜分离装置 membrane seperator膜选择性 membrane selectivity膜污染 membrane foulting膜中毒 membrane poisoningN难生物降解有机物nonbiodegradable organies 尼龙 nylon逆流漂洗counter-current washing 逆流式冷却塔counterflow cooling tower逆流再生counter-current regeneration粘胶 rayon酿酒废水 winery wastewater酿造与发酵工业废水 brewery and fermentation industrial wastewater凝结 coagulation凝结剂 coagulant牛奶生产废水 dairywastewater 浓缩 concentration浓缩倍数 cycle of concentration浓缩池 thickening tank浓缩污泥 concentrated sludge农田灌溉水质标准 standards for irrigationwater quality农用污泥中污染物控制标准 contaminants controlstandard for sludge farm农药 pesticide 农药厂废水 pesticideplant wastewaterP排泥系统 sludge - discharge system排水量 discharge排水管 drain pipe排水口 outlet排水系统 sewer system排污 blowdown泡沫分离 foam phaseseparation配水网管 distributionsystem ,pipe system 喷灌 spray irrigation喷水池 spray pond 皮革 leather 啤酒废水 brewery wastewater啤酒废水处理 brewery wastewater treatment漂白 bleaching平板式膜 plate membrane平板式叶轮曝气器 plate impellar aerator平衡吸附容量equilibrium adsorption capacity平流式沉砂池 horizontal flow grlt removal tank平流式沉淀池horizontal flow sedimentation tank 普通生物滤池biological filter,trickling filter曝气 aeration曝气沉砂池 aerationgrit chamber曝气池 aeration tank曝气栅 aeration boom曝气设备 aerationequipment曝气时间 aeration time曝气装置,曝气机aerator居民生活垃圾 HouseholdWaste庫底平整線 bottom flattingline of the site庫區填埋邊線 landfill sideline of the site庫容 Storage capacity垃圾 Waste ，Solid Waste 垃圾壩 waste dam 垃圾殘渣 residue垃圾槽 waste chute 垃圾層 waste layer 垃圾產量 Waste output垃圾堆肥場 waste compostingfield 垃圾堆體 waste pile 垃圾副壩 secondary waste dam 垃圾揀選場 Waste Sorting Site垃圾氣化 waste gasification垃圾采集車 waste collector垃圾桶 garbage ，rubbishbarrel垃圾箱 garbage container 垃圾壓實系統 wastecompactor system垃圾衍生燃料 Refuse-derivedfuel (RDF)垃圾衍生燃料 waste derivedfuel垃圾轉運車 waste transfer truck垃圾轉運站 waste transferstation垃圾裝卸坡 waste loadingramp離心脫水機 centrifugaldewaterer鈉基膨潤土 sodium bentonite農業廢棄物 AgriculturalWaste 濃縮池 thickening tank 排放 discharge排泥閥 sludge valve排水口 Drain Outlet 膨潤土 bentonite熱解 Pyrolysis 溶解氧測定儀（DO 計） dissolved oxygen meter （DO meter ） 砂水分離機 grit-water splitter 商業垃圾 Commercial Waste 上橫沖填埋場 ShanghengchongLandfill Site上清液 supernatant liquor設備選型 Type selection of equipment 滲濾液（垃圾滲濾液） leachate 滲濾液處理 leachatetreatment滲濾液處理站 Leachate Treatment Station滲濾液采集及導排氣系統平面圖 Plan of Leachate Collection and Guiding a Exhaust System 滲濾液采集盲溝 blind drain for leachate collection精品文档精品文档 生活垃圾 Domestic waste 生活垃圾焚燒污染控制標准 Standard for Pollution Control on the Municipal Solid Waste Incineration 剩余污泥 excess sludge 剩余污泥泵 excess sludge pump 輸渣機 clinker conveyer 豎向石籠 vertical stone cage雙層防滲結構 double-linersystem水位 water level提升泵站 lift pumpingstation填埋（垃圾） Landfill填埋場 Landfill site填埋場封場 seal of landfillsite填埋場總體布置圖 GeneralLayout of Landfill Site填埋場縱斷面示意圖 SketchMap of Landfill Site VerticalSection填埋庫區 Landfill Area填埋庫區平面布置圖 PlaneLayout of Landfill Area1:1000填埋氣 Landfill gas砼 concrete圖例 legend土工合成材料黏土墊層Geosynthetics Clay Liner(GCL)土工膜 geomembrane脫水機 dewaterer脫水機房 dewatering house衛生填埋 sanitary landfill渦流沉砂池（旋流沉砂池）vortex grit tank污泥泵房 sludge pumping room污泥處理 sludge treatment污泥處理流程示意圖 FlowChart of Sewage TreatmentProcess污泥管線 sludge pipeline 污泥濃度計（MLSS 計） sludge concentration meter （MLSS meter ） 污泥濃縮及脫水機房 Sludge Thickening & Dewatering House污泥脫水車間 sludge dewatering workshop 污水泵 sewage pump 污水處理 sewage treatment 污水處理厂 Wastewater Treatment Plant 污水處理流程示意圖 Sewage Treatment Process Sketch Map 污水管線 sewage pipeline 污水水面 wastewater surface 無線傳輸 wireless transmission 吸水井 suction well 消毒池 disinfecting tank 新聯村熊家窯 Xiongjiayao, Xinliancun 序批式活性污泥法（SBR 法） Sequence Batch Reactor 選型 Type selection 壓縮式垃圾車 waste compactors 厭氧、缺氧、好氧 Anaerobic, Anoxic, Aerobic Underwater Blender 厭氧堆肥 anaerobic composting 厭氧發酵 methane fermentation; anaerobic fermentation 厭氧流化床反應器 anaerobic fluidized bed 厭氧流化床反應器 anaerobic fluidized bed 氧化溝 oxidation ditch 氧化溝 oxidation ditch 葉輪曝氣機 impeller aerator 一級發酵（初級發酵） primary fermentation醫院垃圾 Hospital Waste 營養土層 nutritious soil layer預留垃圾綜合利用生產用地Reserved Waste Comprehensive Utility and Production L再生 reclamation 柵渣 sediment 黏土層 clay layer 支盲溝 blind sub-drain 至垃圾填埋場 to the waste landfill site 終期覆土 terminal earth covering 主盲溝 main blind drain 自控系統 autonomous system 自然土層 natural soil layer。
浅谈固定化微生物法处理氨氮废水李华伟王军强(漯河市郾城区环保局，河南漯河462300)应用科技喃耍】本研究选用两种微生物茵系。
采用不同的固定方法，制得了4种不同的微生物小球，洲其物璎l生质，并将其用于模拟废水的处理。
研究了温度、pH、处理时间等因素对模拟废水氨氮处理效果的影响，得出在最佳处理条件下氨氮的去除率。
【关键硼废水；处理；固定化微生物技术固定化微生物技术自上世纪七十年代以来，以其独特的优点引起了越来越多人的关注。
将固定化微生物用于污水处理，具有微生物密度高，反应速度快，而}毒害能力强，微生物流失少，产物分离容易，污水设备小型化，剩余污泥：!≯等优点。
1材料与方法1．1实验材料”．1仪器721型分光光度计：101—2型电热鼓风干燥箱：S H A—B型恒温振荡器：SB5200D T超声波清洗机：S K Y一200B恒温培养振荡器：分析天平；蒸馏装置；注射器等。
1_12试剂聚乙烯醇：硼酸；氯化钙：海藻酸钠；碳酸钙；氯化钙；二氧化硅；壳聚糖：聚丙烯酰胺：醋酸：硫酸铵；锌粒：盐酸等。
所有试剂除注明者外皆为分析纯，水为蒸馏水。
1．13材料1)模拟废水：人工配制的模拟废水组成为：(N…2s0“K H2P O∞其中N H4*-N的浓度为200m g／E，pH约为6．0～7．002)微生物菌系：EM菌液：广东省华侨天然保健品有限公司出品：其主要成分为乳酸菌、酵母菌、放线菌、光合细菌、芽孢杆菌等20属80种有益微生物。
威宝菌制剂：台湾威宝神采科技有限公司提供：其中含有光合细菌、酵母菌等。
12实验方法12．1固定化微生物小球的制备1)聚乙烯醇+海藻酸钠+活性炭+EM菌。
称取1．09聚乙烯醇，Q19海藻酸钠加入10m L水中，加热煮沸溶解，然后加入049Si02，O．039C aC03，搅拌均匀。
在5m L EM菌液中加入0．0759活性炭，混合吸附10m i n。
待上面的聚乙烯醇混合液冷却到室温，把含活性炭的菌液加到里面。
第 44 卷第 4 期2024年 4 月Vol.44 No.4Apr.，2024工业水处理Industrial Water Treatment DOI ：10.19965/ki.iwt.2023-1101Noria-PEI 改性PVA 载体固定化溶菌酶用于污泥发酵产VFAs 研究王昊龙1，张恩泽2，王梓诚1，赵瑜涵3，南军1，孙彦民1，马爱静2，周立山1，刘丽强1，蔡巷1，段兴宇1（1.中海油天津化工研究设计院有限公司，天津300131；2.天津工业大学化学工程与技术学院，分离膜与膜过程国家重点实验室，天津300387；3.河北工业大学化工学院，天津 300401）［摘要］生物酶促进污泥厌氧消化具有反应温和、高效环保等优点，然而回收困难和催化稳定性差严重制约其应用，固定化酶是解决上述问题的关键。
采用水轮酚（Noria ）和聚乙烯亚胺（PEI ）共沉积法改性聚乙烯醇（PVA ）载体，并研究了Noria-PEI 改性PVA 载体固定溶菌酶对污泥厌氧发酵产挥发性脂肪酸（VFAs ）效能的影响。
结果表明，固定化溶菌酶可强化污泥发酵提高SCOD ，在36 h 内SCOD 最高浓度达到2 892.4 mg/L ，相比空白组提升3.4倍（第6天），VFAs 质量浓度在第4天达到峰值2 130.8 mg/L ，乙酸和丙酸占比达到61.8%~80.7%。
固定酶系统中污泥的平均粒径为42.957 µm ，比表面积为0.413 m 2/g ，固定化溶菌酶强化了颗粒态污泥水解。
微生物群落结构分析显示，在固定酶系统中Firmicutes 、Proteobacteria 和Bacteroides 等水解产酸菌门占比较高；在属水平上，以Macellibacteroides 、Pet⁃rimonas 、Lactobacillus 和Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1菌属为主，从微观层面上解释了固定酶强化污泥发酵产酸机理。
污水处理专业英语翻译大全专有名词病毒细菌Campylobacteria Jejuni 弯曲菌Coliform-group bacteria 大肠菌群Corynebacterium 棒状杆菌属Cryptosporidium 隐孢子虫Escherichia Coli 大肠杆菌Dipterex 敌百虫Giardia 贾第鞭毛虫Legionella 军团菌Methanogenes 产甲烷细菌Norovirus 诺罗病毒Pathogen 病原菌(致病菌)Rydrogenes and acetic aid genes 产氢气乙酸菌自建字库A/A/O法 anaerobic-anoxic-oxic process (厌氧-缺氧-好氧法)A-A-O生物脱氮除磷工艺 A-A-O biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal process Activated sludge process 活性污泥法Adsorption 吸附Aeration 曝气Aerobinen bakteeri 需氧微生物A-O脱氮工艺 A-O nitrogen removal processA-O除磷工艺 A-O phosphorus removal processAB法Adsorption Biodegradation process (吸附生物降解法)ammonia-nitrogen 氨氮ammonium salt 铵盐amino acid 氨基酸Anaerobinen bakteeri 厌氧微生物A/O法(厌氧-好氧法) anaerobic-oxic processBackwater 回用水Biofilm 生物膜法Biological aerated 生物曝气BOD (Biochemical oxygen demand) 生物需氧量Campylobacteria Jejuni 弯曲菌Carrousel Oxidation ditch 卡鲁塞尔氧化沟（荷兰DHV1967研制）CAST回圈式活性污泥法(Cyclic Activated Sludge T echnology，简称CAST) Cesspool 污水池COD（chemical oxygen demand）化学需氧量Colloid 胶体Corrosion腐蚀Cryptosporidium 隐孢子虫Giardia 贾第鞭毛虫Escherichia Coli 大肠杆菌Eutrophication 富营养化Flocculation 絮凝Flotation 悬浮法= flotaatioHBR （high compound biological reactor）高效复合生物反应器Hydrogen sulfide 硫化氢= rikkivetykaasuICEAS间歇循环延时曝气系统(Intermittent Cycle Extended Aeration System)Ion Exchange 离子交换Legionella 军团菌Microbiology 微生物Nitragen氨化反应Norovirus 诺罗病毒Nutrients 营养物Orbal oxidation ditch奥贝尔(Orbal)型氧化沟ozone generator臭氧发生器ozonation process臭氧法ozone disinfection臭氧消毒Pathogen病原菌(致病菌)pathogen microorganism病原微生物primary treatment, 一级处理SBR序列间歇式活性污泥法（Sequencing Batch Reactor Activated Sludge Process）secondary treatment 二级处理Sedimentation tank 沉淀池Sewage 污水Sewage treatment 污水处理sewage treatment rate 污水处理率Suspended solids 悬浮物Tertiary treatment 三级处理Total a radioactivity总a放射线Unitank好氧生物污水处理法Wastewater 污水B巴登福脱氮除磷工艺Ｂardenpho nitrogen and phosphorus removal process白水(漂洗废水) white water(bleaching water)板框压滤 plate pressure filtration离心机 centrifugal machine半渗透膜 semi-permeable membrane棒状杆菌属 corynebacterium薄膜式淋水填料 film packing饱和常数(Ks) saturation constant暴雨公式 storm flow formula暴雨径流 storm runoff溢流井 overflow well苯 benzene苯胺 aniline总B放射性 Total B radioactivity泵型叶轮暴气器paddle impeller aerator泵站 pumping stationBMTS型一体化氧化沟 BMTS intrachannel clarifier oxidation ditch 闭路循环closed loop表面冲洗surface washing表面负荷surface load表面过滤surface filtration表面活性剂 surfactant表面活性物质 surface active additive agent表面曝气 surface aeration表面曝气器surface aerator表面淹灌 surface flood irrigation表面冲洗装置 surface washing facility丙烯酸acrylic acid丙烯腈acrylonitrile病毒virus病原菌(致病菌) pathogen病原微生物pathogen microorganismBOD-污泥负荷 BOD-sludge load补充水 make-up water布朗运动 Brownian movementBOD (Biochemical oxygen demand) 生物需氧量Campylobacteria Jejuni 弯曲菌Carrousel Oxidation ditch 卡鲁塞尔氧化沟（荷兰DHV1967研制）Cast活性污泥法之一Cintinuous Loop Reator,简称CLR连续环式反应池COD（chemicaloxygendemand）化学需氧量C财务评价 financial evaluation配水系统 distribution system侧渠型一体化氧化沟 integrated oxidation ditch with side ditch产氢气乙酸菌 Rydrogenes and acetic aid genes产甲烷细菌 methanogenes产率系数 yield coefficient常规给水处理工艺 conventional water treatment processes敞开式循环冷却水系统 opened recirculating cooling water system 超高纯水ultra-high-purify water超过滤 ultrafiltration超过滤膜法ultrafiltration membrane process沉淀 precipitation, sedimentation沉淀池 sedimentation tank沉砂池 grit chamber城市废水 municipal wastewater城市废水处理 municipal wastewater treatment澄清clalification可持续发展sustainable development充满度 degree of fullness重现期 exceedion interval, period of recurrence抽风式机械通风冷却塔 induced draft mechanical cooling tower臭氧发生器 ozone generator臭氧法 ozonation process臭氧消毒 ozone disinfection初次(级)沉淀池 primary clarifier, primary sedimentation tank除水器 drift eliminator除铁除锰 iron and manganese removal除盐水(脱盐水) desalted water,demineralized water除渣 desilication, silica removal除藻 algal removal除氟 algal fluorine穿透曲线 penetration curve活性污泥法 activated sludge process生物脱氮工艺 biological nitrogen removal process船型一体化氧化沟 Boat Type in intrachannel clarifier oxidation ditch 纯(富)氧曝气法 pure-oxygen aeration process磁凝聚 magnetic coagulation磁盘法 magnetic disk process磁过滤法 magnetic fierration process萃取extraction萃取剂 extractantD达西定律Darcy’s law大肠菌群 Coliform-group bacteria大气泡曝气装置 large bubble aerator代谢 metabolism带式过滤 belt press filtration]单级传统消化池 single-stage conventional digester单螺旋式曝气装置 single spiral aerator氮 nitrogen氮循环 nitrogen cycle蛋白质 protein倒虹管 inverted siphon低放射性废物 low-level radio active waste制浆废水 kraft mill wastewater敌百虫dipterex敌敌畏dichlorvos涤纶纤维 polyester fiber地表漫流系统 overland flow system(OF)地表水 surface water地面（表）水环境质量标准 environmental quality standard for surface water 地下滤场 underground filtration field地下渗漏 underground percolation地下渗滤系统 subsurface infiltration system地下水 groundwater人工湿地系统artificial(constructed) wetland再生水回流地下水质标准 water quality standard for recharging parified wastewater water into groundwater aquifer地下水位 underground water level淀粉生产废水starch producing wastewater点滴-薄膜式淋水填料splash-film packing点滴式淋水填料splash packing点污染源 point pollufion source电动电位 electromotance potential电镀废水 electroplating wastewater电极 electrode电解法 electrolytical process电流密度 eletronic density电渗析 electrodialysis电渗析器 electrodialyzer电晕放电 brush discharge动态年成本 dynamic annual cost动植物油 oil and grease对硫磷parathion多层床 multibed多环芳烃 polycyclic hydracarban多氯联苯 polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)Dat－Ita 活性污泥法之一Decant 排水E二次(级)沉淀池secondary clarifier, secondary sedimentation tank二级处理secondary tratamentEceas 活性污泥法之一Escherichia Coli 大肠杆菌F乏燃料spent fuel反冲洗black washing反渗透（逆渗透）reverse osmosis反渗透法reverse osmosis process反渗透膜reverse osmosis membrane反硝化，脱氮denitrification防止腐蚀corrosion prevention纺丝spining纺织废水textile wastewater放射性半衰期radioactive half-life放射性废水处理radioactive wastewater treatment放射性排出物radioactive effluent非点源污染（面源污染）non-point source pollution非离子氨non-ionic ammonia废水处理wastewater treatment废水中和neutralization of wastewaters分离separation分流制separate system分流排水系统separated sewer system酚phenol焚烧incineration风吹损失windage loss风筒式冷却塔chimmey cooling tower封闭循环系统closed recirculation system氟化物fluoride辐射流沉淀池radial flow sedimentation tank浮盖式消化池floating-cover digester气浮flotation福斯特利帕除磷工艺Phostrip phosphorus removal process福列德克斯脱氮除磷工艺Phoredox nitrogen and phosphorus removal process 腐蚀corrosion富营养化eutrophication富营养化湖泊、水库eutrophic lake,eutrophic reservoirFlocculant 絮凝Gr射线 gamma rays甘蔗废水 sugarcane wastewater干化 drying干化床 drying bed冷却塔 cooling tower钢铁工业废水 iron and steel mill wastewater高纯水 ultrapure water高放废物 high-level radio active wastes高分子电解质 polymolecular electrolye高分子絮凝剂 polymolecular floc高负荷活性污泥法 high-loading activated sludge method高负荷生物滤池 high loading biological filter高炉煤气洗涤水 wastewater produced from scrubbing blast furnace top gas 高锰酸盐指数 potassium permanganate index高速消化池 high-rate digester高梯度磁分离器(HGMS) high grade magnegic separator高浊度水 high turbidity water格栅 bar screen隔板反应池 baffle reaction tank隔板式混合槽 baffle mixer隔油池 oil separator镉cadmium铬chromium给水泵站 water pumping station给水处理 water treatment给水网管系统 water supply system工业水处理与循环系统industrial water treatment and recirculation system 工业废水 industrial wastewater汞 mercury鼓风曝气 blast aeration鼓风式机械通风冷却塔 forced draft mechanical cooling tower固定螺旋式曝气装置 fixed spiral aerator景观、娱乐水体landscape and recreation waterbody管道接口 conduit joint给水配水系统 water supply piping distribution system 网管平差 balancing netwok罐头生产废水 Cannery wastewater硅藻土 cilicious marH海水淡化 demineralization of sea water含酚废水 phenol contained wastewater含水量moisture content含盐量saline capacity含油废水 oily wastewater旱流污水量(DWF) dry-weather flow好氧生物处理 aerobic biological treatment好氧塘aerobic pond好氧稳定 aerobic stabilization合成洗涤剂 synthetic detergent合成纤维 synthetic fiber合成纤维废水 synthetic fiber wastewater合成橡胶 synthetic rubber合流城市废水 combined municipal wastewater合流制排水系统 combined sewer system水体功能分类 waterbody function classification核能工厂 nuclear power station核燃料循环 nuclear fuel cycle核素nuclide冶金工业废水 metallurgical industry wastewater黑液 black liquor黑液除硅 sillica-elimination from black liquid虹吸滤池 siphon filter化学处理 chemical treatment化学工业 chemical industry化学吸附 chemical adsorption化学纤维 chemical fiber化学需氧量 chemical oxygen demand (COD)环状管网系统 grid pipe network system缓蚀 corrosion inhibition缓蚀剂corrosion inhibitor磺化煤sulfonated coal挥发酚volatile phenol回流比recycle ratio回流污泥率 return sludge ratio汇水面积 catchment area, collection area混合 mixing混合床 miced bed混合液挥发性悬浮固体 mixed liquor volatile suspended solids(MLVSS)混合液悬浮固体 mixed liquor suspended solids(MLSS)混凝 coagulation混凝沉淀 coagulation-sedimentation混凝剂 coagulant浑浊度 tubidity活化产物 activation products硅酸钠 sodium silicate活性剂 activator活性染料 active dye活性炭 activated carbon活性炭的再生 re-generation of activated carbon活性炭吸附 active carbon adsorption活性污泥activated sludge活性污泥法 activated sludge process活性污泥负荷 activated sludge loading活性污泥驯化 acclimation of activated sludgeIdle 闲置Legionella 军团杆菌Oxidation ditch 氧化沟, 又名连续循环曝气池（Continuous loop reactor）Ritilä格栅？SBR(Sequencing Batch Reactor Activated Sludge Process) 序列间歇式活性污泥法Settle 沉淀Unitank活性污泥法之一污水处理技术知识目前，国内外城市污水处理厂处理工艺大都采用一级处理和二级处理。
收稿日期:2003-01-21 基金项目:海南省教育厅高等院校科研基金资助项目(Hjsk 9909-1) 作者简介:谢秀祯(1960-),男,海南儋州人,华南理工大学在读博士生,海南师范学院教授,科研方向为微生物生化生态学、工业废水处理.第16卷第2期2003年6月海南师范学院学报(自然科学版)JOURNA L OF H AI NAN NORM A L UNI VERSITY (NAT URA L SCIE NCE )V ol .16 N o .2Jun .2003文章编号:1671-8747(2003)02-0073-06Experimental study on the treatment of rubber w aste w ater withself -immobilized photosynthetic bacteria (Ⅰ)XIE X iu 2zhen 1,2,HAN X iang -hong 1,XIE Shou -yun 1,Y U Wei 1(1.Department of Biology ,Hainan Normal University ,Haikou 571158;2.College of Food and Biological Engineering ,South China University ofTechnology ,Guangzhou 510640,China )Abstract :E x periments were per formed to determ ine the biodegradability of rubber wastewater and evaluate thee ffects of three different biological treatments using self -imm obilized ph otosynthetic bacteria on the C O Dcr rem ovalrate.T he results sh owed that the rubber wastewater had g ood biodegradability and was suitable for being treated byph otosynthetic bacteria.T he C O Dcr rem oving capacity under anaerobic -aerobic condition was higher than that underonly anaerobic or aerobic condition.Under pre -processing and anaerobic -aerobic conditions ,the C O Dcr gross re 2m oval rate was 97.7%,allow ing the e ffluent to meet the National Discharge S tandard of China.K ey w ords :photosynthetic bacteria ;self 2imm obilization ;rubber wastewater ;biodegradability ;wastewatertreatmentC LC number :X 172 Document code :AHainan is the largest natural rubber producing area in China. 2.8×105of dry rubber ,making up60%of the total national output ,is produced annually by 146factories which are distributed all over the island.At the same time ,a large quantity of rubber wastewater is produced ,m ost of which is discharged directly and ,as a result ,the environment is seriously contaminated.Currently ,this wastewater has be 2come one of the three largest industrial pollutants in Hainan Province [1].Therefore ,developing a m ore advanced technology for the treatment of rubber wastewater ,which requires lower construction costs ,low 2er w orking costs and allows the effluent to meet the National Discharge Standard of China ,is a pressing problem for a prom pt s olution.Photosynthetic bacteria (PS B )is an large group of prokary otes which use light as a energy s ource.Since the 1960’s ,many scientists have con firmed that the metabolism of PS B can dramatically cut down on the BOD and C OD in organic wastewater.The concept of using the PS B in the treatment of organic wastewater was introduced first by a Japanese scientist in 1978.Since then ,various wastewaters have been effectively treated [2～7].Many medium and large -scale systems have been put into practice ,s ome of which have been in operation for over ten years ,treating tens ,hundreds ,and even thousands of tons of47海南师范学院学报(自然科学版) 2003年highly concentrated organic wastewater every day.Due to its im portant applied value,it has been receiv2 ing increasingly greater attention and has been studied in succession in Japan,S outh K orea,the United States,Australia,China and s o on.The application of PS B to rubber wastewater has not been previously reported.The objective of this paper is to study the biodegradability and the results of treating rubber wastewater with self-imm obilized PS B using three different biological methods s o as to explore a valuable technology for the treatment of the wastewater.1 Materials and Methods1.1 MaterialsThe rubber wastewater was provided by the Rubber Factory of H ongming Farm of Hainan Province. The preparation of mixed photosynthetic bacteria(PS B)that was used in all experiments was obtained from Aimula Environment Protection Biotech C o.(Nanjing)Ltd.The inoculum was cultured and self-imm obilized on the surface of the cinder support in an acetate medium that contained the following com po2 nents per liter of water:s odium acetate1.5g;s odium propionate0.5g;KH2PO40.5g;K2HPO40.5 g;NH4Cl0.8g;MgS O4・7H2O0.2g;CaCl2・12H2O0.4g;yeast extract0.5g.1.2 Methods1.2.1 Bioreactor and its operationThe bioreactor that was used in all experiments was a vertical glass column,35cm×18cm in diam2 eter,in which the cinder support about5cm in size were filled until25cm in height.Rubber wastewater flowed into the bioreactor through a distributor at the bottom and spilled over by itself.Aeration was per2 formed by an air pum p through a sandy2bar diffuser.In fluent rates and aeration rates were manually con2 trolled with a rotor flowmeter.The whole system was put in a room at normal atm ospheric tem perature of 31±3℃.1.2.2 Self-immobilization and training cultivation of photosynthetic bacteriaThe bioreactor was filled with the PS B preparation and acetate medium in the proportion of1to3, then capped tightly.A fter being cultivated for3to5days under the illumination of an incandescent lam p (approximately1500lx)and anaerobic conditions at31±3℃,training cultivation began with a contin2 uous in fluent of mixed water which contained wastewater and acetate medium at a ratio of1to2in the first batch,and at a ratio of1to1in the second batch.The total v olume of mixed water was14.5liter for each batch.Subsequently continuous treatment of rubber wastewater was started with replacing the mixed water with only rubber wastewater.1.2.3 Analysis methodsThe methods used to determine the parameters of in fluent and effluent are as follows:the chemical oxygen demand(C OD)was determined by the potassium bichromate method;the biochemical oxygen de2 mand(BOD)was determined by the five-day biochemical cultivation method;the NH3-N was m oni2 tored using the capacity method;pH was detected with a Mabolonmeter;the illumination intensity wasmeasured with a JD -3data illuminometer.1.2.4 Dynamic imitation test on treatment of the w aste w ater Dynamic test was conducted continuously in the bioreactor system day and night.The aerobic biore 2actor requires ventilation with an air pum p through a sandy bar diffuser ,and anaerobic bioreactor needs an illumination of 1500Lx provided with incandescent lighting for photosynthetic growth.The rubber wastewater was treated by three different biological methods ,that is ,anaerobic ,aerobic and anaerobic -aerobic treatments.The system was run continuously for 14with 12of hydraulic residence time.One effluent sam ple was taken in the m orning and the other in the afternoon each day to determine its C ODcr.2 R esults and Discussion2.1 The determination of biodegradability of rubber w aste w aterNatural latex consists of rubber hydrocarbons ,water and non -rubber com positions that include pro 2teins ,resins ,carbohydrates and inorganic salts etc.In the process of collection and coagulation ,amm o 2nia water and acetic acid or formic acid are added respectively.S o ,the rubber wastewater is m ore com 2plex in com position.Because of the peculiarities of the rubber wastewater ,a feasibility test must be con 2ducted to see whether the rubber wastewater can be treated effectively by biological methods and by PS B or not.Many methods have been generally adopted to evaluate the biodegradability of industrial wastewater ,such as the determination of BOD 5ΠC ODcr ratio ,oxygen consum ption of microorganism respi 2ration ,rem oval efficiency of pollutant in the wastewater ,of which BOD 5ΠC ODcr ratio is the m ost com 2m only used.In order to obtain the BOD 5ΠC ODcr ratio of the rubber wastewater ,when the BOD 5of a sam 2ple was determined ,the C ODcr of the same sam ple was measured.The BOD 5ΠC ODcr ratio calculatedfrom the results is 0.46.This indicates that the rubber wastewater has g ood biodegradability [8].Although this method is sim ple and convenient and the result is clear ,the result cannot be used as the s ole criteri 2on.As a second criterion ,the pollutant rem oval rate from the wastewater was determined s o as to achieve a m ore intact and exact conclusion.The result (shown in Fig.1)indicated that ,within the concentration range from 10%to 20%,the organic substance in the rubber wastewater was rem oved effectively by PS B preparation ,and 30%rubber wastewater resulted in certain inhibition for PS B ,but after aerating 2h ,the C ODcr rem oval rate still reached 40%,s o the inhibition was not very obvious.This means that PS B is suitable for the treatment of rubber wastewater [9].2.2 Self -immobilization and training cultivation of photosynthetic bacteriaThe self -imm obilization of PS B on the surface of support is one of the key techniques that deter 2mine the effectiveness of this treatment method.Cinders were put into the glass container and used as the support of PS B.A fter being cultivated for 3to 5d ,the PS B adhered to and formed a purple thin layer of bacterial film on the surfaces of cinder supports.This is due to s ome species of PS B that can excrete po 2lysaccharides that permit self -imm obilization of PS B.In order to let the bacteria in the film adapt to rubber wastewater and give rise to symbiosis and synergetic effects with the native microorganisms in the57第2期 谢秀祯,等:自固定化光合细菌法处理制胶废水的试验研究(Ⅰ)Fig.1 The process of pollutant rem oval from rubber wastewater by PS Brubber wastewater ,a stabilization process of the bacteria film was performed by an enrichment culture method together with a training culture method.A fter stabilization ,the treating efficiency of rubber wastewater in the bioreactor tended to be stable ,which means that the training culture of bacteria film had been achieved and a research program for the system operation could be conducted.Cinder was selected for this experiment rather than other support materials ,such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA ).The results showed that the bioreactor has a treating capacity of C ODcr v olume load of 2.0kg Πm 3・d and NH 3-N v olume load of 0.1kg Πm 3・d.2.3 Comparison of efficiency in rubber w aste w ater treatment with different biological methodsWhen imm obilized PS B is applied in the treatment of rubber wastewater ,three methods ,namely ,anaerobic ,aerobic ,and anaerobic -aerobic biological treatment are available for selection.In order to explore a method with applied value ,we have used a dynamic imitation testing each case.Their purifica 2tion effect on rubber wastewater is shown in T ab.1.T ab .1 Comp arison of efficiency in rubber w astew ater treatment w ith different biological methodsItemanaerobic method aerobic method anaerobic -aerobic method raw wastewater CODcr Π(mg.L -1) 2800 2800 2800hydraulic residence time Πh 12 12 12ventilation rate Π(L.h -1) — 14.4 14.4in fluent pH 6.30 6.30 6.30effluent pH 7.10 7.30 7.50in fluent CODcr Π(mg.L -1) 535 535 535effluent CODcr Π(mg.L -1) 245 190 60CODcr rem oval rate Π% 55.2 64.5 88.8gross rem oval rate of CODcr Π% 91.3 93.2 97.7From T ab.1,we can see that under the same hydraulic residence time ,88%of C ODcr rem oval rate can be achieved with the method of anaerobic -aerobic biological treatment ,which is the highest re 267海南师范学院学报(自然科学版) 2003年m oval rate am ong the three methods.According to Wang K aijun [10],anaerobic treatment and aerobic treatment has its advantages and disadvantages ,while anaerobic -aerobic treatment has facultative advan 2tages of the other tw o treatments ,and is especially suitable for the treatment of the wastewater resistant to biodegradation.In addition ,the C ODcr of rubber wastewater was reduced from 2800mg ΠL to 535mg ΠL after pre -processing while C ODcr rem oval rate reached 81%.G enerally speaking ,further reduction is difficult ,but after treated with imm obilized PS B using an anaerobic -aerobic treatment ,the C ODcr continued dropping to 60mg ΠL ,and the gross rem oval rate reached 97.7%.This indicates that by using imm obi 2lized PS B rubber wastewater can be m ore effectively treated with hydrolytic -anaerobic -aerobic method.Further researches detailing the parameters are being conducted.3 ConclusionsThe biodegradability of rubber wastewater is g ood ,and photosynthetic bacteria are suitable for the treatment of rubber wastewater.S ome species of PS B can excrete polysaccharides and easily adhere to the surface of supports.Am ong three biological methods ,the anaerobic -aerobic method is the m ost effective for the treatment of rubber wastewater.By using pre -processing and anaerobic -aerobic meth 2od ,the gross rem oval rate of C ODcr is 97.7%.The effluent meets the National Discharge Standard of China.R eferences :[1] CHE N Bang wen.The current situation and countermeasure of rubber wastewater treatment in Hainan[J ].Environ 2ment and Res ource ,1998,3(2):58-60.[2] ZHE NG Airong ,C AI Agen ,et al.T reatment and reuse of beer wastewater using the system of photosynthetic bacteriaand S pirulina maxima[J ].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae ,1999,19(1):22-27.[3] FAN Ling wen ,X U jun ,et al.S tudy on the treatment of s oybean wastewater with photosynthetic bacteria[J ].Journalof Shanxi University (Nat.Sci.Ed.),1999,22(3):283-286.[4] FAN Ling wen ,ZH ANG Zhaoming ,et al.A pilot test on the treatment of sugar -syrup alcohol ferment wastewaterwith photosynthetic bacteria[J ].China Environmental Science ,1998,18(2):173-175.[5] LI U Junyi ,et al.A preliminary study on citric acid wastewater treatment by photosynthetic bacteria and Candidatropicalis [J ].Journal of Microbiology ,1999,18(3):30-33.[6] XI Shuqi ,CHE N Min.T reatment of high concentration leather wastewater using photosynthetic bacteria[J ].Journalof Nanjing University of Science and T echnology ,1997,21(5):432-436.[7] G UO Y anghao ,W ANGDeqiang ,QI U H ongduan ,et al.T reatment of wastewater from glutamate industry by imm obi 2lized Rhodospirillum rotating bio -disc reactor[J ].China Environmental Science ,2000,20(3):229-232.[8] QI N Linyuan.Biological T reatment of Wastewater[M].Shanghai :T ongji University Press ,1989.108-110.[9] PE NG Zhiying.Biotechnology on F ood [M].Beijing :China Light Industry Press ,1999.77第2期 谢秀祯,等:自固定化光合细菌法处理制胶废水的试验研究(Ⅰ)87海南师范学院学报(自然科学版) 2003年[10] W ANG K aijun.Theory and application of anaerobic(hydrolysis)-aerobic treatment process[J].China Environ2mental Science.1998,18(4):337-340.(责任编辑:黄 澜)自固定化光合细菌法处理制胶废水的试验研究(Ⅰ)谢秀祯1,2,韩向红1,谢寿运1,余 巍1(1.海南师范学院生物系,海南海口571158;2.华南理工大学食品与生物工程学院,广东广州510640)摘 要:通过实验测定了制胶废水的可生化性,比较了三种不同的生物处理法对制胶废水的处理效果.结果表明制胶废水具有较高的可生化性,适于用光合细菌进行生物处理.用自固定化光合细菌处理制胶废水,在厌氧-好氧条件下废水的C ODcr去除率比在单独厌氧或好氧条件下要高.在预处理和厌氧-好氧条件下,废水的C ODcr总去除率达到97.7%,出水符合国家规定的排放标准.关键词:光合细菌;自固定化;制胶废水;生物降解性;废水处理(上接第31页) [4] 唐焕文,郭崇慧,杜秀红.几种进化算法的比较及计算效率分析[J].贵州大学学报(自然科学版),2001,18(增刊):1-7.[5] 王 凌,郑大钟.一种改进进化规划及其优化性能分析[J].计算机工程与应用,2002,(1):8-10.[6] 石立宝,许国禹.一种通用的全局寻优演化算法:自适应进化规划[J].数值计算与计算机应用,2002,3(1):1-5.[7] 郭崇慧,唐焕文.一种改进的进化规划算法及其收敛性[J].高校计算数学学报,2002,1(1):51-56.(责任编辑:蔡仁廉) A global optimization method for evolutionary programmingZHANG Li-zhen(Department of Applied Mathematics,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian116023,China)Abstract:Based on general evolutionary programming,a new global optimization method combines the virtue of the higher computational efficiency of gradient methods and the global optimization idea of evolutionary programming.A comparison is made between two methods in computational efficiency and precision through four typical examples.K ey w ords:EA;EP;gradient methods。
