2017.04.20雅思考试回忆及解析

雅思考试阅读全面解析带答案（2）2017年雅思考试阅读全面解析带答案试题分析Question 14-26题目类型：题号定位词文中对应点题目解析14Three groupsB段第2句B段讲述了少数心理学家对积极情绪的研究。

从第2句话开始，文章详述了实验的方法，题干中的positive icon指代文中的candy。

本题答案为B15Ignored，onlyA段最后两句A段是关于早期心里学家研究幸福的方法。

从该段最后两句可以看出，积极的情绪在当时的研究被ignored，并且在100个试验中，only one concerns a positive trait。

这里的ignored/only/a都是在映射题干中的poorly researched。

本题答案选A16Structure of the brainF段第1句F段讲述了积极和消极想法的大脑结构的生物学基础。

从第一句话的structure of brain可以看出，本段会研究brain action。

本题答案选F17Critics, big questionC段第1句C段是针对B段的观点，批评家质疑少数心理学家研究幸福的方式。

从critics, big question, what is the point of…等地方，均可以看出题干中所述的skeptical attitude。

本题答案选C18Wanting, likingG段第1句G段落主要讲wanting和liking的在大脑系统中的区别。

从第1句开始，该段多次出现wanting和liking。

所以本题答案选G19Brick of natureH段第2句H段是全文最后一段，所以很容易于题干中的conclusion联系在一起。

另外在H段第2句也出现了brick of nature,指代题干中的nature of brains。

本题答案选H20Six universal emotionE段中间E段中提到了人类最基础的六种情感，对应题干中的human emotional categories。

2017雅思阅读真题全面解析及答案(2)原文与译文：Yesterday, in the House of Commons, Charles Kennedy’s parliamentary colleagues gave moving tributes to his life. There is never a rush, of course, to speak ill of the dead, but these tributes had the clear ring of sincerit y. David Cameron said his “character and courage inspired us all”, and Nick Clegg that he always put people before politics. Outside the commons, colleagues and friends have spoken repeatedly of Kennedy’s compassion, decency, and principled nature as well as of his ongoing battle with human frailty in the form of alcoholism.It seems Charles Kennedy displayed what the New York Times Columnist David Brooks would call “eulogy virtues”. In his most recent book “The Road to Character”, Brooks contrasts eulogy virtues like kindness, faithfulness and humility with what he calls resume virtues - the kind of things we put on our CV. He’s convinced that both eulogy virtues and resume virtues take work to develop, and is worried that western society pushes us to put our efforts into the ones that will help improve our careers, not our characters.It's the age old question- what makes a good life? How do we go deeper amongst the clamour of a culture that monetises status anxiety and defines us by what earn, own or look like?David Brook’s call for us to do the hard work of developing character, to cultivate self-restraint and self-suspicion in the age of the selfie stick, isn't really controversial. It's obvious, when we stop to think about it, that the real legaci es of our lives aren’t job titles, twitter followers or cellulite free thighs. But how do we develop the eulogy virtues, when the gravitational pull of the self is so strong?Christians would be the first to acknowledge that these virtues don't come natu rally. The church’s hunch is that change happens through vulnerable, committed relationships. To overcome the tyrant self we must confess our frailty and darkest tendencies - first to God, and then to others.Behavioural science is beginning to add evidence to what religions have long understood - virtue develops best in relationalcommunities. Not short term communities of self interest made up of “people like us”, but awkward, diverse, grace filled communities, established for the long term. The New Testament encourages Christiansto be part of communities like these, to encourage one another, bearwith each other and create space for the hard conversations. To keep reminding each other of the virtues that matter and the things that last. These kind of communities aren't of course unique to Christianity, and they are often far from perfect, but if we want to be remembered not for our fleeting achievements but our depth of character, they might be the best hope we have.昨天，在下议院，查尔斯·肯尼迪的同事为他的一生发表了催人泪下的悼词。

雅思阅读题及答案解析雅思阅读精选题及答案解析2017不要为已消逝之年华叹息，须正视欲匆匆溜走的时光，以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的雅思阅读精选题及答案解析2017，希望能给大家带来帮助!Selling Digital Music without Copy-protection Makes SenseA. It was uncharacteristically low-key for the industry's greatest showman. But the essay published this week by Steve Jobs, the boss of Apple, on his firm’s website under the unassuming title "Thoughts on Music" has nonetheless provoked a vigorous debate about the future of digital music, which Apple dominates with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store. At issue is "digital rights management" (DRM)—the technology guarding downloaded music against theft. Since there is no common standard for DRM, it also has the side-effect that songs purchased for one type of music-player may not work on another. Apple's DRM system, called FairPlay, is the most widespread. So it came as a surprise when Mr. Jobs called for DRM for digital music to be abolished.B. This is a change of tack for Apple. It has come under fire from European regulators who claim that its refusal to license FairPlay to other firms has "locked in" customers. Since music from the iTunes store cannot be played on non-iPod music-players (at least not without a lot of fiddling), any iTunes buyer will be deterred from switching to a device made by a rival firm, such as Sony or Microsoft. When French lawmakers drafted a bill last year compelling Apple to open up FairPlay to rivals, the company warned of "state-sponsored piracy". Only DRM, it implied, could keep the pirates at bay.C. This week Mr. Jobs gave another explanation for his former defence of DRM: the record companies made him do it. They would make their music available to the iTunes store only if Apple agreed to protect it using DRM. They can still withdraw their catalogues if the DRM system is compromised. Apple cannot license FairPlay to others, says Mr Jobs, because it would depend on them to produce security fixes promptly. All DRM does is restrict consumer choice and provide a barrier to entry, says Mr Jobs; without it there would be far more stores and players, and far more innovation. So, he suggests, why not do away with DRM and sell music unprotected? "This is clearly the best alternative for consumers," he declares, "and Apple would embrace it in a heartbeat."D. Why the sudden change of heart? Mr Jobs seems chiefly concerned with getting Europe's regulators off his back. Rather than complaining to Apple about its use of DRM, he suggests, "those unhappy with the current situation should redirect their energies towards persuading the music companies to sell their music DRM-free." Two and a half of the four big record companies, he helpfully points out, are European-owned. Mr Jobs also hopes to paint himself as a consumer champion. Apple resents accusations that it has become the Microsoft of digital music.E. Apple can afford to embrace open competition in music players and online stores. Consumers would gravitate to the best player and the best store, and at the moment that still means Apple's. Mr Jobs is evidently unfazed by rivals to the iPod. Since only 3% of the music in a typical iTunes library is protected, most of it can already be used on other players today, he notes. (And even the protected tracks can be burned onto a CD and then re-ripped.) So Apple's dominance evidently depends far more on branding and ease of use than DRM-related "lock in".F. The music giants are trying DRM-free downloads. Lots of smaller labels already sell music that way. Having seen which way the wind is blowing, Mr Jobs now wants to be seen not as DRM's defender, but as a consumer champion who helped in its downfall. Wouldn't it lead to a surge in piracy? No, because most music is still sold unprotected on CDs, people wishing to steal music already can do so. Indeed, scrapping DRM would probably increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility. With the leading online store, Apple would benefit most. Mr Jobs's argument, in short, is transparently self-serving. It also happens to be right.Questions 1-7 Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?Write your answer in Boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.TRUE if the statement reflets the claims of the writerFALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossbile to say what the writer thinks about this1. Apple enjoys a controlling position in digital music market with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store.2. DRM is a government decree issued with a purpose to protect downloaded music from theft by consumers.3. Lack of standardization in DRM makes songs bought for one kind of music player may not function on another.4. Apple has been criticized by European regulators since it has refused to grant a license FairPlay to other firms.5. All music can be easily played on non-iPod music devices from Sony or Microsoft without too much fiddling.6. Apple depends far more on DRM rather than branding for its dominance of the digital music devices.7. If DRM was cancelled, Sony would certainly dominate the international digital music market.Questions 8-10 Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 8-10 on your answe sheet.8. Which of the following statements about Mr. Jobs'idea of DRM is NOT TRUE?A. DRM places restrictions on consumer'choice of digital music products available.B. DRM comples iTunes buyers to switch to a device made by Sony or Microsoft.C. DRM constitutes a barrier for potential consumers to enter digital music markets.D. DRM hinders development of more stores and players and technical innovation.9. The word "unfazed" in line 3 of paragraph E, means___________.A. refusedB. welcomedC. not botheredD. not well received10. Which of the following statements is TRUE if DRM was scapped?A. Sony would gain the most profit.B. More customers would be “locked in”.C. A sudden increase in piracy would occur.D. Online-music sales would probably decrease.Questions 11-14 Complete the notes below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from ReadingPassage 1 for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.Mr. Steve Jobs, the boss of Apple, explains the reason why he used to defend DRM, saying that the company was forced to do so: the record companies would make their music accessible to …11...only if they agreed to protect it using DRM; they can still…12…if the DRM system is compromised. He also provides the reason why Apple did not license FairPlay to others: the company relies on them to …13….But now he chan ges his mind with a possible expectation that Europe's regulators would not trouble him any more in the future. He proposes that those who are unsatisfactory with the current situation in digital music market should …14… towards persuade the music companie s to sell their music DRM-free.Notes to Reading Passage 11. low-key：抑制的，受约束的，屈服的2. showman：开展览会的`人，出风头的人物3. unassuming：谦逊的，不夸耀的，不装腔作势的4. iPod：(苹果公司出产的)音乐播放器5. iTunes store：(苹果公司出产的)在线音乐商店6. get off person's back: 不再找某人的麻烦，摆脱某人的纠缠7. gravitate: 受吸引，倾向于8. unfazed: 不再担忧，不被打扰Keys and explanations to the Questions 1-131. TRUESee the second sentence in Paragraph A "… the future of digital music, which Apple dominates with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store."2. FALSESee the third senten ce in Paragraph A "…At issue is 'digitalrights management' (DRM)—the technology guarding downloaded music against theft."3. TRUESee the fourth sentence in Paragraph A "Since there is no common standard for DRM, it also has the side-effect that songs purchased for one type of music-player may not work on another."4. TRUESee the second sentence in Paragraph B "It has come under fire from European regulators who claim that its refusal to license FairPlay to other firms has 'locked in' customers."5. NOT GIVENThe third sentence in Paragaph B only mentions music from the iTunes store, nothing about that of Sony or Microsoft. "Since music from the iTunes store cannot be played on non-iPod music-players (at least not without a lot of fiddling)."6. FALSESee the last sentence in Paragraph E "So Apple's dominance evidently depends far more on branding and ease of use than DRM-related 'lock in'".7. NOT GIVENSee the fourth sentence in Paragraph F only mentions music generally, no particular information about business prospect of Sony "Indeed, scrapping DRM would probably increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility."8. BSee the fourth sentence of Paragraph C "All DRM does is restrict consumer choice and provide a barrier to entry, says Mr Jobs; without it there would be far more stores and players, and far more innovation."9. CSee the third sentence of Paragraph E and the context "Mr Jobs is evidently unfazed by rivals to the iPod. Since only 3% of the music in a typical iTunes library is protected, most of it can already be used on other players today."10. ASee the last four sentences of Paragraph F "Wouldn't it lead to a surge in piracy? No, because most music is still sold unprotected on CDs, people wishing to steal music already can do so. Indeed, scrapping DRM would probably increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility. With the leading online store, Apple would benefit most."11. the iTunes storeSee the second sentence of Paragraph C "They would make their music available to the iTunes store only if Apple agreed to protect it using DRM."12. withdraw their cataloguesSee the third sentence of Paragraph C "They can still withdraw their catalogues if the DRM system is compromised."13. produce security fixesSee the fourth sentence of Paragraph C "Apple cannot license FairPlay to others, says Mr Jobs, because it would depend on them to produce security fixes promptly."14. redirect their energiesSee the second sentence of Paragraph D "Rather than complaining to Apple about its use of DRM, he suggests, those unhappy with the current situation should redirect their energies towards persuading the music companies to sell their music DRM-free."【雅思阅读精选题及答案解析2017】。

2017雅思听力真题part2在2017年的雅思考试听力部分，Part 2 是非常重要的一部分。

本文将以分析和总结的方式呈现2017年雅思听力真题Part 2的内容，以帮助考生更好地备考。

介绍：雅思听力考试的Part 2是一段长对话听力材料，通常涉及真实生活场景，具体内容可能涉及工作，学习，旅行，社交，购物等。

考生需要在听力材料播放结束后回答几个问题，主要考察考生对细节的理解和抓重点的能力。

题目一：旅行规划今年的一个雅思听力Part 2题目涉及旅行规划。

以下是对该题目的分析和总结：内容概述：在这个题目中，听力材料讲述了一个人正在计划未来的旅行，并描述了他所考虑的不同国家，城市，旅游景点和交通方式。

听力材料介绍了各个地方的旅游景点，风景如画的自然景色，历史悠久的文化遗产以及美味的当地美食。

关键信息：1. 旅行目的地：包括法国、西班牙和意大利等国家。

2. 法国：巴黎的埃菲尔铁塔、卢浮宫等3. 西班牙：巴塞罗那的圣家堂、马德里的王宫等4. 意大利：罗马的斗兽场、威尼斯的运河等5. 参观方式：步行、乘坐地铁、乘坐公交车等总结：这道题目要求考生仔细聆听对话，并获取关键信息，如旅游目的地和参观方式。

针对每个城市，考生应该注意抓住重点景点，并在记笔记时尽量简洁明了。

在回答问题时，考生应该准确地给出相关信息，同时注意语法和语序的准确性。

题目二：社交活动另一个题目是关于社交活动的。

以下是对该题目的分析和总结：内容概述：这个题目涉及了一个关于社交活动的对话，对话中的人谈论了他们在社交活动中遇到的一些情况，以及他们的喜好和习惯。

听力材料提到了派对、聚会、婚礼等场合，涉及到了人们的着装、礼仪、活动内容等方面的信息。

关键信息：1. 社交活动类型：派对、聚会、婚礼等2. 着装：正式、半正式、休闲等3. 礼仪：问候方式、礼物赠送等4. 活动内容：共进晚餐、活动游戏等总结：考生需要注意对话中涉及的不同社交活动类型和相应的着装、礼仪、活动内容等细节。

2017年雅思阅读考试精选习题及答案(3)Talc PowderA Peter Brigg discovers how talc from Luzenac's Trimouns in France find its way into food and agricultural products - from chewing gum to olive oil. High in the French Pyrenees, some 1,700m above sea level, lies Trimouns, a huge deposit of hydrated magnesium silicate - talc to you and me. Talc from Trimouns, and from ten other Luzenac mines across the globe, is used in the manufacture of a vast array of everyday products extending from paper, paint and plaster to cosmetics, plastics and car tyres. And of course there is always talc's best known end use: talcum powder for babies1 bottoms. But the true versatility of this remarkable mineral is nowhere better displayed than in its sometimes surprising use in certain niche markets in the food and agriculture industries.B Take, for example, the chewing gum business. Every year, Talc de Luzenac France - which owns and operates the Trimouns mine and is a member of the international Luzenac Group (art of Rio Tinto minerals) supplies about 6,000 tones of talc to chewing gum manufacturers in Europe. "We've been selling to this sector of the market since the1960s," says Laurent Fournier, sales manager in Luzenac's Specialties business unit in Toulouse. "Admittedly, in terms of our total annual sales of talc, the amount we supply to chewing gum manufacturers is relatively small, but we see it as a valuable niche market: one where customers place a premium on securing supplies from a reliable, high quality source. Because of this, long term allegiance to a proven suppler is very much a feature of this sector of die talc market." Switching sources - in the way that you might choose to buy, say, paperclips from Supplier A rather than from Supplier B - is not an easy option for chewing gum manufacturers." Fournier says. "The cost of reformulating is high, so when customers are using a talc grade that works, even if it's expensive, they are understandably reluctant to switch."C But how is talc actually used in the manufacture of chewing gum? Patrick Delord, an engineer with a degree in agronomics, who has been with Luzenac for 22 years and is now senior market development manager, Agriculture and Food, in Europe, explains that chewing gums has four main components. "The most important of them is the gum base," he says. "It's the gum base that puts the chew into chewing gum. It bindsall the ingredients together, creating a soft, smooth texture. To this the manufacturer then adds sweeteners, softeners and flavourings. Our talc is used as a filler in the gum base. The amount vanes between, say, ten and 35 per cent, depending on the type of gum. Fruit flavoured chewing gum, for example, is slightly acidic and would react with the calcium carbonate that the manufacturer might otherwise use as a filler. Talc, on the other hand, makes an ideal filler because it's non-reactive chemically. In the factory, talc is also used to dust the gum base pellets and to stop the chewing gum sticking during the lamination and packing process," Delord adds.D The chewing gum business is, however, just one example oftalc's use in the food sector. For the past 20 years or so, olive oil processors in Spain have been taking advantage of talc's unique characteristics to help them boost the amount of oil they extract from crushed olives According to Patrick Delord, talc is especially usefulfor treating what he calls "difficult" olives. After the olives are harvested - preferably early in the morning because their taste isbetter if they are gathered in the cool of the day they are taken to the processing plant. There they arc crushed and then stirred for 30-45 minutes. In the old days, the resulting paste was passed through anolive press but nowadays it's more common to add water and (K-6IH) the mixture to separate the water and oil from the solid matter The oil and water are then allowed to settle so that the olive oil layer can be )and bottled. “Difficult” olives are those that are more reluctant than the norm to yield up their full oil content. This may be attributable to the particular species of olive, or to its water content and the time of year the olives arc collected - at the beginning and the end of the season their water content is often either too high or too low. These olives are easy to recognize because they produce a lot of extra foam during the stirring process, a consequence of an excess of a fine solid that acts as a natural emulsifier. The oil in this emulsion is lost when the water is disposed of. Not only that, if the waste water is disposed of directly into local fields - often the case in many smaller processing operations - the emulsified oil may take some time to biodegrade and so be harmful to the environment.E "If you add between a half and two percent of talc by weight during the stirring process, it absorbs the natural emulsifier in the olives and so boosts the amount of oil you can extract," says Delord. "In addition, talc's flat, 'platey' structure helps increase the size of the oil droplets liberated during stirring, which again improves theyield. However, because talc is chemically inert, it doesn't affect the color, taste, appearance or composition of the resulting olive oil."F If the use of talc in olive oil processing and in chewing gumis long established, new applications in the food and agriculture industries arc also constantly being sought by Luzenac. One such promising new market is fruit crop protection, being pioneered in the US. Just like people, fruit can get sunburned. In fact, in very sunnyregions up to 45 per cent of a typical crop can be affected by heat stress and sunburn However, in the case of fruit, it's not so much the ultra violet rays which harm the crop as the high surface temperaturethat the sun's rays create.G To combat this, farmers normally use either chemicals or spray a continuous fine canopy of mist above the fruit frees or bushes. The trouble is, this uses a lot of water - normally a precious commodity in hot, sunny areas - and it is therefore expensive. What's more, the ground can quickly become waterlogged. "So our idea was to coat thefruit with talc to protect it from the sun," says Greg Hunter, a marketing specialist who has been with Luzenac for ten years. "But to do this, several technical challenges had first to be overcome. Talc isvery hydrophobic: it doesn't like water. So in order to have a viable product we needed a wettable powder - something that would go readilyinto suspension so that it could be sprayed onto the fruit. It also had to break the surface tension of the cutin (the natural waxy, waterproof layer on the fruit) and of course it had to wash off easily when thefruit was harvested. No-one's going to want an apple that's covered in talc."H Initial trials in the state of Washington in 2003 showed that when the product was sprayed onto Granny Smith apples, it reduced their surface temperature and lowered the incidence of sunburn by up to 60 per cent. Today the new product, known as Invelop Maximum SPF, is in its second commercial year on the US market. Apple growers are the primary target although Hunter believes grape growers represent another sector with long term potential. He is also hopeful of extending sales to overseas markets such as Australia, South America and southern Europe.。

雅思考试阅读试题及答案解析2017年雅思考试阅读试题及答案解析赶脚的对头是脚懒，学习的对头是自满。

以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的2017年雅思考试阅读试题及答案解析，希望能给大家带来帮助!From The Economist print editionHow shops can exploit people’s herd mentality to increase sales1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (that is，how ants，bees or any social animal，including humans，behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy.2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome， Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani， a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology， described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted：for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store， forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes， also of the Florida Institute of Technology， set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that， if a certain product is seen to be popular， shoppers are likely to choose it too. Thechallenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying.3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani’s supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag， a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information，and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods，a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high，he is more likely to select it too.4. Mr Usmani’s “swarm-moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts. And it gives shoppers the satisfaction of knowing that they bough t the “right” product—that is， the one everyone else bought. The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world，mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal-Mart in America and Tesco in Britain are interested in his work， and testing will get under way in the spring.5. Another recent study on the power of social influence indicates that sales could，indeed，be boosted in this way. Matthew Salganik of Columbia University in New York and his colleagues have described creating an artificial music market in which some 14，000 people downloaded previously unknown songs. The researchers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they had been downloaded，they followed the crowd. When the songs were not ordered by rank， but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed， the effect of social influence was still there but wasless pronounced. People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so.6. In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies. The shops sell only the most popular items in each product category， and the rankings are updated weekly. Icosystem， a company in Cambridge， Massachusetts， also aims to exploit knowledge of social networking to improve sales.7. And the psychology that works in physical stores is just as potent on the internet. Online retailers such as Amazon are adept at telling shoppers which products are popular with like-minded consumers. Even in the privacy of your home， you can still be part of the swarm.Questions 1-6Complete the sentences below with words taken from the reading passage. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.1. Shopowners realize that the smell of _______________ can increase sales of food products.2. In shops，products shelved at a more visible level sell better even if they are more _______________.3. According to Mr. Usmani，with the use of “swarm intelligence” phenomenon， a new method can be applied to encourage _______________.4. On the way to everyday items at the back of the store，shoppers might be tempted to buy _______________.5. If the number of buyers shown on the _______________ is high， other customers tend to follow them.6. Using the “swarm-moves” model， shopowners do nothave to give customers _______________ to increase sales.Questions 7-12Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 7-12 write YES if the statement agrees with the informationNO if the statement contraicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage7. Radio frequency identification technology has been installed experimentally in big supermarkets like Wal-Mart.8. People tend to download more unknown songs than songs they are familiar with.9. Songs ranked high by the number of times being downloaded are favored by customers.10. People follow the others to the same extent whether it is convenient or not.11. Items sold in some Japanese stores are simply chosen according to the sales data of other shops.12. Swarm intelligence can also be observed in everyday life. Answer keys：1. 答案：(freshly baked) bread. (第1段第2 行：Shoppers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they intended.)2. 答案：expensive. (第1段第4 行：Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors.)3. 答案：impulse buying. (第2段第1 句：At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan- ul- hassan Usmani，a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology， described a new way to increaseimpulse buying using this phenomenon.)4. 答案：other (tempting) goods/things/products. (第2段第2 句：Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted：for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store，forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them.)5. 答案：screen. (第3段第4 行：As a customer walks past a shelf of goods， a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high， he is more likely to select it too.)6. 答案：discounts. (第4段第第1句：Mr Usmani’s “swarm- moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts.)7. 答案：NO. (第4段第3、4 句：The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world， mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal- Mart in America an Tesco in Britain are interestd in his workd， and testing will get under way in the spring. 短语“get under way”的意思是“开始进行”，在Wal-Mart的.试验要等到春天才开始)8. 答案：NOT GIVEN. (在文中没有提及该信息)9. 答案：YES。

雅思考试阅读题及答案解析2017年雅思考试阅读精选题及答案解析人若是把一生的光阴虚度，便是抛下黄金未买一物，以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的'2017年雅思考试阅读精选题及答案解析，希望能给大家带来帮助!Study Finds Web Antifraud Measure Ineffective1. Internet security experts have long known that simple passwords do not fully defend online bank accounts from determined fraud artists. Now a study suggests that a popular secondary security measure provides little additional protection.2.The study, produced jointly by researchers at Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of T echnology, looked at a technology called site-authentication images. In the system, currently used by financial institutions like Bank of America, ING Direct and Vanguard, online banking customers are asked to select an image, like a dog or chess piece, that they will see every time they log in to their account.3.The idea is that if customers do not see their image, they could be at a fraudulent Web site, dummied up to look like their bank's, and should not enter their passwords.4.The Harvard and M.I.T. researchers tested that hypothesis. In October, they brought 67 Bank of America customers in the Boston area into a controlled environment and asked them to conduct routine online banking activities, like looking up account balances. But the researchers had secretly withdrawn the images.5.Of 60 participants who got that far into the study and whose results could be verified, 58 entered passwords anyway. Only two chose not to log on, citing security concerns.6."The premise is that site-authentication images increasesecurity because customers will not enter their passwords if they do not see the correct image," said Stuart Schechter, a computer scientist at the M.I.T. Lincoln Laboratory. "From the study we learned that the premise is right less than 10 percent of the time."7.He added: "If a bank were to ask me if they should deploy it, I would say no, wait for something better," he said.8.The system has some high-power supporters in the financial services world, many trying to comply with new online banking regulations. In 2005, the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council, an interagency body of federal banking regulators, determined that passwords alone did not effectively thwart intruders like identity thieves.9.It issued new guidelines, asking financial Web sites to find better ways for banks and customers to identify each other online. January 2007 was set as the compliance date, though the council has yet to begin enforcing the mandate.10.Banks immediately knew what they did not want to do: ask customers to download new security software, or carry around hardware devices that feed them PIN codes they can use to authenticate their identities. Both solutions would add an extra layer of security but, the banks believed, detract from the convenience of online banking.11.The image system, introduced in 2004 by a Silicon Valley firm called PassMark Security, offered banks a pain-free addition to their security arsenals. Bank of America was among the first to adopt it, in June 2005, under the brand name SiteKey, asking its 21 million Web site users to select an image from thousands of possible choices and to choose a unique phrase they would see every time they logged in.12.SiteKey "gives our customers a fairly easy way ofauthenticating the Bank of America Web site," said Sanjay Gupta, an e-commerce executive at the bank. "It was very well received."13.The Harvard and M.I.T. researchers, however, found that most online banking customers did not notice when the SiteKey images were absent. When respondents logged in during the study, they saw a site maintenance message on the screen where their image and phrases should have been pictured. The error message also had a conspicuous spelling mistake, further suggesting something fishy.14.Mr. Gupta of Bank of America said he was not troubled by the results of the survey, and stressed that SiteKey had made the bank's Web site more secure. He also said that the system was only a single part of a larger security blanket. "It's not like we're betting the bank on SiteKey," he said.15.Most financial institutions, like Bank of America, have other ways to tell if a customer is legitimate. The banks often drop a small software program, called a cookie, onto a user's PC to associate the computer with the customer. If the customer logs in from another machine, he may be asked personal questions, like his mother's maiden name.16.Rachna Dhamija, the Harvard researcher who conducted the study, points out that swindlers can use their dummy Web sites to ask customers those personal questions. She said that the study demonstrated that site-authentication images are fundamentally flawed and, worse, might actually detract from security by giving users a false sense of confidence.17.RSA Security, the company that bought PassMark last year, "has a lot of great data on how SiteKey instills trust and confidence and good feelings in their customers," Ms. Dhamija said. "Ultimately that might be why they adopted it. Sometimesthe appearance of security is more important than security itself."(811 words)Questions 1-5 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? Please writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the writerFALSE if the statement does not agree with the writerNOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage1.According to internet security experts, secondary security measures provide little additional protection against fraud.2.In the Harvard and MIT study, two subjects didn't log on without seeing the correct pictures.3.According to Schechter, more than 90% of online banking customers studied logged on without seeing the right pictures.4.The image system is the only security measure that the banks mentioned in the passage have currently.5.Bank of America is the first bank that adopted the image system.Questions 6-13 Answer the following questions or complete the following sentences by choosing NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.6.What is ING Direct and Vanguard?7.What might online banking customers be cheated to give at a fraudulent Web site?8.What may stop online banking customers from using new verification methods?9.The key to online banking security is to verify the ______ of customers.10.Where is PassMark Security located?11.What is the reason why SiteKey is popular among onlinebanking customers?12.What was used instead of images in the Harvard and M.I.T. study?13.How many security methods are mentioned in this passage?Answer keys1. 第一段"Now a study suggests that a popular secondary security measure provides little additional protection."似与问题文字很接近，但是原文中a popular secondary security measure是指特定的一个措施，而非泛指所有secondary security measure。

◎1月7日雅思写作真题与范文解析作文范文与解析本题属于雅思大作文中的同意与否题型，讨论的是教育类话题--艺术教育首段可以是题目的同义改写，然后明确表达自己观点，即自己是支持艺术教育为必修课的~Nowadays, many people contemplate whether art classes should be compulsory courses of high school. I am convinced that it is absolutely necessary to make this idea come true as soon as possible.第二段可以让步一下，指出艺术教育的昂贵使之成为必修课有些难度Admittedly, the relatively high cost of art education renders it difficult to be prevalently compulsory.可以举例子说明艺术教育的教学资源花费不菲Take painting for instance. Due to the fact that there are various kinds of painting classes, the expenses like pigment, paintbrushes and painting paper may pose some financial burden to family where money is tight. Besides, the particular requirements of the teaching environment may further add to the overall costs of aesthetic education, making it more unaffordable.然后话锋一转，艺术教育花费高的情况也是有方法可以解决的Yet, the situation can be alleviated by increasing national subsidies or the lowering the expectation of constructing a fancy studio.第三段给出支持艺术教育的第一个原因，强调可以拓宽学生知识面Meanwhile, the merits of aesthetic education outweigh its drawback since students can have access to a wide range of knowledge through appreciating these artworks in class.然后可以采用举例论证（exemplification）进一步论证艺术教育的生动性和深刻性For example, compared with the limited narration in history book, one of the masterpieces of Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci, The Last Supper, displays a scene of religion in a more vivid and profound way.还可以增加个小点，阐述艺术教育对理科学习的互补作用Art classes provide students with another opportunity to think and these classes are significantly complementary to some core classes such as math and science.第四段进一步给出支持的第二个原因，即艺术教育有助提高学生综合素质，促进学生长远发展Additionally, the underlying merits of attending art classes will benefit the students in the long run, which are no less than those of studying some core subjects.可以进一步说理论证，指出艺术教育中习得的各项能力对学生的学业进步和工作发展有利The abilities like to be focused, to be detail-oriented and to be persistent will be conducive to students' comprehensive ability and career development as well.尾段对主体段的主要观点（艺术教育有助深化知识，学科互补，提高综合能力）进行总结~In conclusion, aesthetic education should be made compulsory, for it helps deepen students' acquisition, complement other subjects and contributes to their overall competence and career progress as well.词汇积累1. contemplate v. 深思熟虑2. compulsory adj. 必修的3. appreciate v. 欣赏；鉴别4. complementary adj. 补充的5. comprehensive adj. 综合的6. cultivate v. 陶冶7. persistent adj. 坚持的8. conducive adj. 有益的9. outweigh v. 比。

2017雅思英语试题及答案2017年雅思英语试题及答案一、听力部分1. 选择题A. 8:15B. 8:30C. 8:45答案：B2. 填空题Question: What is the man's name?Answer: John3. 配对题Question: Which course is recommended for beginners?Answer: Course A二、阅读部分1. 选择题A. The history of the companyB. The company's productsC. The company's management答案：A2. 判断题Question: The company has expanded its business to other countries.Answer: True3. 填空题Question: What is the main purpose of the new policy?Answer: To reduce pollution.三、写作部分Task 1: 描述图表Write at least 150 words describing the following chart.[图表内容：某城市2007年到2017年的人口变化][写作示例]The chart illustrates the population changes in a city from 2007 to 2017. Initially, in 2007, the population was at 500,000. Over the next few years, there was a steady increase, reaching a peak of 750,000 in 2012. After a slight decline, the population stabilized at around 700,000 by 2017. This trend suggests a general growth in the city's population over the decade.Task 2: 议论文Write at least 250 words discussing the following topic.Topic: "The use of social media has a negative impact on young people's social skills."[写作示例]The proliferation of social media has been a subject of debate, with some arguing that it negatively affects the social skills of young people. While it is true that social media provides a platform for communication, it also leads to a decrease in face-to-face interactions, which are crucial for developing social skills. Young people who spend excessive time on social media may become less adept at reading non-verbal cues and maintaining real-life conversations. This can result in a lack of empathy and understanding in interpersonal relationships. Therefore, it is essential to balance online and offline interactions to ensure the development of well-rounded social skills.四、口语部分1. 个人陈述Question: Describe a book that you have read recently and enjoyed.[回答示例]I recently read a book called "To Kill a Mockingbird" by Harper Lee. It's a classic novel that explores themes of racial injustice and moral growth. I enjoyed the book because it provides a deep insightinto human nature and the importance of empathy. The characters are well-developed, and the story is both engaging and thought-provoking.2. 讨论题Question: Do you think technology has made people's lives easier or more complicated?[回答示例]I believe technology has made people's lives both easier and more complicated. On one hand, technology has streamlined many tasks, making them more efficient and convenient. For example, smartphones allow us to communicate instantly and access information at our fingertips. However, the constant connectivity can also lead to information overload and a lack of privacy. Additionally, reliance on technology can sometimes hinder our ability to solve problems independently. Overall, while technology has undoubtedly improved many aspects of our lives, it is important to use it wisely to avoid potential drawbacks.请注意，以上内容为模拟试题及答案，实际雅思考试的题目和答案会有所不同。

Seeking an energy holy trinity Jan 10th 2007 From 1 NEELIE KROES, the European Union’s competition commissioner, did not mince her words when reporting on Europe’s energy markets on Wednesday January 10th. Europe’s energy firms have failed to invest in networks and so customers are suffering. Those “vertically integrated” energy companies such as Electricité de France (EDF) or Germany’s E.ON, widely dubbed as “national champions”, are effectively behaving like local monopolies. Shy of competition, eager for artificially high prices, they are helping to block the efficient generation, transmission and distribution of energy on the continent. 2 Energy prices vary wildly across Europe. Ms Kroes wants to see cheaper energy, and intends to push suppliers to divest their distribution network and to get them to invest more in transportation systems so that more energy—in the form of gas, or electricity, for example—can flow easily over borders. It is remarkably hard, for example, for gas-poor Germany to import from the neighbouring, gas-rich Netherlands. Companies that dominate national markets have, so far, had little interest in improving the interconnections which would mean lower prices for consumers across the continent. 3 Ms Kroes, of course, will struggle to get her way. The European Commission, which on the same day presented its recommendation for improving EU energy policy, also wants to see the unbundling of ownership, the legal separation of energy suppliers and transporters, something that the integrated energy companies and interested governments, notably in France and Germany, are bound to oppose ferociously. 4 Complicating the matter is an argument over the security of energy supply in Europe. Much has been made of the risk for western Europe of depending too heavily on Russian exports of gas. Russia under Vladimir Putin is prone to using energy exports as a blunt tool of foreign policy, especially when trying to bully countries in its hinterland. Last year Russia interrupted gas deliveries to Ukraine, affecting supplies in central and western Europe too. This week it blocked oil exports passing via Belarus to Europe, though that spat was soon resolved. 5 The risk is that concerns about security of supply may be used spuriously by those in Europe who oppose the sort of liberalisation encouraged by Ms Kroes. The likes of E.ON and EDF may claim that only protected national champions are able to secure supply, by striking long-term deals with powerful foreign suppliers. The Commission disagrees. Such deals are too often politically motivated and far from transparent. Protection has been tried for long enough and evidently has not worked for the internal market, nor have these companies secured the best deals for consumers from the Russians. 6 In contrast, the Commission's new policy proposes, ideally, a break-up of these companies into suppliers and distributors. (As a second best solution, especially for France and Germany, it recommends the management of the networks by a third party.) Properly independent managers of Europe's energy networks would have a strong incentive to build interconnecting pipelines and power lines across borders. For the gas market another means of ensuring competition and security would be finding a more diverse range of suppliers, for example by building more terminals for the import of liquified natural gas. It would also be likely to mean lower prices, if the example of liberalised Britain over the past ten years is anything to go by. 7 Whether any of this is likely to happen soon, however, is another matter. The Commission is also calling for European governments to agree on a common effort to reduce carbon emissions by at least 20% by 2020 (compared with 1990 levels). If America is willing to play ball, the Commission proposes to reduce emissions by as much as 30%. Achieving either target would mean promoting cleaner cars, a more effective emissions-trading system for Europe, wider use of public transport and a sharp increase in the use of renewable sources of energy, like wind and solar power. All that is laudable enough, but will also require political horse-trading as governments—Europe’s leaders are due to meet in March to discuss the various energy proposals—try to avoid commitments that may hurt domestic energy companies or make European firms less competitive than rivals in America, Asia and elsewhere. (689 words) Questions 1-5 Do the following statements reflect the views of the writer in the reading passage? In boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet write YES if the statement reflects the views of the writer NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage 1. Europe’s energy companies have funded the construction of the distribution network. 2. There has been a wide range of energy prices within Europe. 3. Gas-poor Germany has to pay a price higher than average to import gas from its neighbour. 4. E.ON and EDF may oppose the liberalisation due to their concerns about the security of energy supply. 5. The European Commission proposes to reduce carbon emissions by 30% if the U.S. is willing to cut its. Questions 6-10 Look at the box of countries below. Choose One or Two countries to complete the following sentences. Write your answers in boxes 6-10 on your answer sheet. Countries A. Belarus B. Britain C. France D. Germany E. Russia F. Ukraine G. The U.S. 6. It’s dangerous for western Europe to depend too much on gas imports from …… 7. A liberalised policy of energy supply was enforced over ten years in … 8. Last year energy supplies in central and western Europe was affected owing to the interruption of gas deliveries to … 9. The governments in …… are bound to oppose the separation of energy suppliers and transporters? 10. Oil exports passing via … to Europe was blocked this week. Questions 11-14 Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the reading passage above for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 11-14. 11. The EC disagrees with energy firms to strike long-term deals with foreign suppliers because such deals are usually far from … 12. The EC proposes to split those “national champions” into … 13. A more diverse range of suppliers would guarantee …in the European gas market. 14. 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