2023届上海市金山区高三一模英语试题I Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and a question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. By train. B. By taxi. C. By bus. D. By bike.2. A. A lawyer. B. A coach. C. A teacher. D. A boss.3. A. March 31st. B. April 4th. C. April 2nd. D. April 1st.4. A.￥180. B.￥280. C.￥380. D.￥560.5. A. It's beautiful. B. It's a Greek campus.C. It's a small campus.D. It's popular with people.6. A. Mr. Smith's course is difficult.B. Mr. Smith often makes mistakes.C. The course proves to be quite easy.D. The course is mistaken for nothing.7. A. He is short of money.B. He has been in trouble recently.C. He doesn't want to miss any work.D. He is unwilling to stay at home alone.8. A. She has to remove the virus.B. She can't meet the deadline.C. She can't put up with the computer.D. She's infected with a certain disease.9. A. He hates to buy tickets all the times.B. They can afford to buy a ticket next October.C. Buying a yearly ticket can save him much money.D. The woman is too busy to visit the garden again within a year.10. A. They are comforting each other.B. They are telling a joke about football.C. They are exchanging ideas as football fans.D. They are expressing what they think about the match.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A.6.C.8.D.9.12. A. Because it postpones people's biological clock.B. Because it keeps people energetic in the afternoon.C. Because it makes people not drink enough water.D. Because it causes damage to your body's functions.13. A. The effective ways to get enough sleep.B. The disadvantages of lacking enough sleep.C. The proper amount of sleep people should get every day.D. The reason for the tiredness despite long and good sleep.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following speech.14. A. Reasons for busyness.B. Solutions to busyness.C. Importance of busyness.D. Disadvantages of busyness.15. A. To introduce the importance of strategic thinking.B. To prove some people are really too busy to think.C. To lead in the topic by presenting some interesting facts.D. To demonstrate people's attitude towards strategic thinking.16. A. More phenomena about busyness.B. More reasons for people's busyness.C. Hidden relationship between busyness and loneliness.D. Proposal for changes and suggestions for beating back busyness.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Why ancient philosophers thought the Earth was not a flat disc.B. How ancient philosophers measured the distance between planets.C. Why ancient philosophers thought the Earth moved around the Sun.D. How ancient philosophers explained the cause of some unusual phenomena.18. A. When they traveled south.B. When they stayed in northern countries.C. When they saw earth's shadow on the moon during eclipses.D. When they saw the North Star's different positions in the sky.19. A. By analyzing the data collected during the eclipses.B. By comparing the different positions of the North Star.C. By measuring the distances between different countries.D. By traveling between southern and northern countries repeatedly.20. A. The careful observations in their life.B. The traditional beliefs of their ancestors.C. The writings of philosophers from other societies.D. The measurements made with scientific instruments.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.Your Smell Could Attract MosquitoesA new study finds that some people attract mosquitoes much more than others, and it probably involves the way they smell.The researchers have found that people who attract mosquitoes the most (21)_______ (produce) a lot of certain chemicals on their skin. These chemicals (22) _______ (connect) to the smell that attracts the mosquitoes.Leslie Vosshall is one of the researchers in New York. She said, “If you have high levels of this stuff on your skin, you're going to be the one at the picnic (23) _______ (get) all the bites."For the study, researchers designed an experiment to have people's smells compete against each other. They asked 64 volunteers to wear stockings around their forearms to absorb the smell from their skin. The stockings were put in separate traps at the end of a long tube. Then, dozens of mosquitoes were released. The mosquitoes came to some traps much more than others. The scientists did the experiment several times, always changing which stockings were competing against each other. At the end, they discovered a huge difference between stockings. (24) _______(attractive) stocking was around 100 times more attractive to the mosquitoes than the last-place finisher.By testing the same people for over a year, the study showed that these big differences remain. "Mosquito magnets (招蚊子喜欢的人) seem (25) _______ (remain) mosquito magnets," Researchers said. One common factor they found was (26) _______ mosquito magnets had high levels of certain acids on their skin.“The research could help find new ways to drive away mosquitoes," said Jeff Riffell, a scientist not (27) _______(involve) in the study, "There (28) _______ be ways to affect the skin bacteria and change the smell that attracts mosquitoes." However, he said that would be hard to do. Researchers also did the experiment with mosquitoes (29) _______ genes were changed to damage their sense of smell. But they still flew to the same mosquito magnets. Vosshall said mosquitoes have ways to find us (30) _______ we change some conditions. "They have many backup plans to be able to find us and bite us," she said.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Lego: One Step Closer to Being SustainableThe Lego Group is one step closer to reaching its goal of making all its products from sustainable materials by 2030.The Danish toymaker revealed a prototype (雏形) brick made from (31)_______ plastic. In a news release, Lego said the PET plastic from (32) _______ bottles makes up the first brick to meet the company's “"strict quality and safety requirements." One way the company (33)_______ safety is by sourcing materials from suppliers that use processes approved by the US Food & Drug Administration and European Food Safety Authority.“The biggest (34) _______ on our sustainability journey is rethinking and innovating new materials that are as long-lasting, strong and high quality as our existing bricks - and fit with LEGO elements made over the past 60 years," Lego Group Vice President of Environmental Responsibility Tim Brooks said. “With this prototype we're able to (35) _______ the progress we're making to the public."It will be "some time" before bricks made from used materials can be (36) _______ Lego said. The company will continue to test and develop the PET formulation (配方) and decide whether to move to the (37) _______ production phase, which is expected to take at least a year. One factor the company is testing is how the material can be (38) _______ “Experimentation and failing is an important part of learning and (39) _______. Just as kids build, unbuild and rebuild with LEGO bricks at home, we' re doing the same in our lab," Brooks said.The move follows last year's announcement that the company was making a S400 million investment over three years into sustainability (40) _______. It included phasing out the single-use plastic bags from its boxes and instead using recyclable paper for its packaging.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In 2007, a group of researchers began testing a concept that seems as if it would never need testing: Is more happiness always better than less? The researchers asked college students to rate their feeli ngs on a scale from “unhappy" to “very happy" and compared the results with academic and social outcomes. Although the “very happy" participants had brilliant social lives, they performed (41)_______ in school than those who were merely “happy".The researchers then examined a data set from another study that rated college freshmen's “cheerfulness" and (42) _______ their income nearly two decades later. They found that the most (43) _______ were not the highest earners. That distinction (荣誉) once again went to the second-highest group, which rated their cheerfulness as “above average."As with everything in life, happiness has its (44) _______ Pursuing happiness to the exclusion of other goals - known as psychological hedonism (享乐主义)- is (45) _______. It gives a life where you do not reach your full potential, where you are (46) _______ to take risks, where you choose temporary pleasures over challenging experiences that give life meaning.When I talk with people about their fear of negative outcomes in life, their true source of fear, in many cases, (47) _______ how they will feel about having failed, not about the consequence of the failure itself. This is similar to the way that discomfort with (48) _______ causes more anxiety than guaranteed bad news. To (49) _______ these bad feelings, people give up kinds of opportunities that involve the possibility of failure.However, bringing good things into your life, whether love or career success, usually involves risk. Risk does not, of course, (50) _______ make us happy. A risky life will very likely bring disappointment, but it can bring greater (51) _______ than a life played safe, as the studies above suggested.None of this is to say that we are foolish for wanting to be happy. (52) _______, the desire for happiness is natural and normal. Making the pursuit of positive feelings your highest or only goal, however, is a costly life strategy. Endless happiness is impossible to achieve, and doing so (53) _______ many of the elements of a good life. As the Canadian-American psychologist Paul Bloom wrote, "It's the (54) _______ we choose that affords the most opportunity for pleasure, meaning, and personal growth."Though pain should never be anyone's goal, each of us can strive for a rich life in which we not only seek the sunshine but fully (55)______ the rain that inevitably falls as well. This isthe paradox (悖论) of being fully alive.41. A. unwillingly B. unpleasantly C. admirably D. incredibly42. A. generated B. increased C. tracked D. drained43. A. joyful B. wealthy C. successful D. distinctive44. A. advantage B. balance C. opportunity D. preference45. A. fruitful B. significant C. priceless D. rewardless46. A. desperate B. hesitant C. likely D. tempted47. A. centers on B. works on C. takes on D. passes on48. A. performance B. discipline C. uncertainty D. ignorance49. A. conceal B. create C. tolerate D. avoid50. A. necessarily B. inevitably C. similarly D. deliberately51. A. fascination B. rewards C. depression D. challenges52. A. On the contrary B. That is to say C. For instance D. In turn53. A. harvests B. encounters C. designs D. sacrifices54. A. happiness B. wealth C. dishonor D. suffering55. A. escape B. predict C. experience D. produceSection BDirections: Read the, following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, c and D. Choose the one that. fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Ten years ago, the cyclist's riding hard through the first snow storm of the year was a rare sight, often captured for the evening news. Today, however, it is estimated that 4-5% of cyclists ride bikes year-round.Being prepared is key to a good ride in the winter. The increasing popularity of winter cycling is due to the creation of mountain bike and its imitation. Equipped with more stable bicycles, nothing seems to be able to stop the adventurous winter cyclists. Many of them wear running shoes and protect themselves from the cold by wearing downhill-skiing clothes. Onwet days, they wear special water-proof over their shoes.Besides all these mentioned above, there is one thing that has made winter riding more popular these years. In the past, cyclists need to clean and oil their bicycle chains once a week, which is no easy task. But one bicycle store owner tackled this weekly challenging task with an innovated complete chain cover. With bicycle chains completely covered, cyclists would need to do the troublesome work once every six months. Despite this amazing invention, the store owner still advises cyclists to take a taxi or bus when it's really snowing heavily, not because conditions are too hard for bicycles, but because she is afraid that many bikers may lose confidence in themselves on snowy days of reduced discernibility, which is very dangerous.56. What is the main idea of this passage?A. Winter Mountain cycling competitions.B. Suitable clothing for winter cycling.C. Popularity of winter cycling and its reasons.D. Increases in winter cycling equipment.57. According to the passage, what has made winter cycling no longer a rare sight?A. Construction of bicycle paths.B. A decrease in equipment prices.C. The invention of stable bicycles.D. Milder weather in recent years.58. How did one bicycle store owner help the winter cyclists?A. She sells bicycles at a very low price.B. She makes cycling in winter less dangerous.C. She helps improve cyclists' confidence when riding.D. She invents a new way to reduce the frequency of maintenance.59. The underlined word “discernibility" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ________.A. visibilityB. popularityC. congestionD. creativity(B)60. The book “mindset" is intended to _________.A. tell readers that two different mindsets lead to different resultsB. illustrate that people with different mindsets hold different beliefsC. help readers believe people act differently when facing challengesD. persuade people to learn to change so as to enjoy a more fruitful life61. Generally speaking, people with fixed mindsets are mostly _________.A. successfulB. straightforwardC. intelligentD. narrow-minded62. A person with a growth mindset is likely to say _________.A. “IfI win, I'll be somebody; if l lose, I'll be nobody"B. “To be good at sports, you need to be naturally gifted."C. “Learn techniques and skills and practice them regularly, and you will always improve."D. “You have a certain level of ability in sports and you c annot really do much to change it."(C)Venus (金星) has long played second to its redder, smaller and more distant neighbor. Given how inhospitable (不宜居住的) Venus has appeared to be, we have spent the majority of the last century pinning some of our biggest hopes of finding signs of life on Mars.That all changed on September 15, 2020. It was announced that a strange gas called phosphine had been spotted in the clouds above Venus. The gas is produced by microbes, extremely small living things, here on Earth, so the discovery has renewed hopes that there might be life on Venus. Now we need to know for sure.There is, after all, only so much we can do with ground-based instruments. Venus is extremely bright. This brightness, caused by the intense reflection of sunlight from its thick clouds and highlighted because of its closer distance to Earth, basically blinds our instruments from making more detailed observations of the planet. It is like trying to look at the road while another car's high beams (远光灯) are pointed in your direction.“To really get to the heart of this question, we need to go to Venus," says Paul Byrne, a planetary scientist at North Carolina State University. But of course, that is easier said than done. Temperatures at the surface reach 464°C, and pressures are 89 times higher than on Earth. Only the Soviet Union has successfully landed on the Venusian surface - its Venera 13 lander functioned for 127 minutes before succumbing to the bad weather in 1982. It is noteasy to justify spending hundreds of millions or even billions of dollars on a mission that could be over in a matter of hours without giving us what we need.An orbiter is the most sensible start. Unlike ground-based observations, orbiters can peer into the atmosphere and would have a better time observing how phosphine levels change over time or over what regions they are most concentrated. An orbiter also presents the opportunity to complete more challenging projects by potentially venturing directly into the planet's atmosphere. A sample return mission could be possible, in which a spacecraft flies into the atmosphere and bottles up some gas to bring back to Earth for laboratory analysis.Trying to find life on another planet, however, is not simply a walk from point A to point B. No single mission to Venus will be able to finish all the work necessary to answer the question. It might be time to think not just about what the next mission to Venus should be, but what a whole new era of Venus exploration would look like: a group of multiple missions that explore Venus in joint efforts - the way we currently do with Mars.63. Venus is considered inhospitable to humans mainly because.A. the pressure of the planet is too lowB. the surface of the planet is too brightC. the density (密度) of the clouds is too lowD. the surface temperature of the planet is too high64. The underlined phrase “succumbing to" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to “_______”.A. giving in toB. keeping away fromC. making up forD. putting up with65. According to the article, scientists will be better able to reveal the secret about Venus by _________.A. sending astronauts to the planetB. using a more advanced space telescopeC. launching an orbiter to the planetD. redesigning their ground-based instruments66. What can we infer from the article?A. We have little hope of successfully finding life on Venus.B. We have a firm determination to discover life on other planets.C. We have spent much time studying phosphine in the past century.D. We have attempted to land on the Venusian surface in the last century.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.I Am Not a RobotAn annoyance, an important security feature, an uncomfortable request: however you feel about being asked to prove you are not a robot, it has become a daily occurrence for most of us, but perhaps not one we would miss if it were to suddenly go away.A new feature in the latest versions of iOS and macOS, Apple's operating systems for smartphones and computers, promises to give the boot to “captchas” once and for all.(67)______“Sometimes a captcha is just a button to press," said Apple engineer Tommy Pauly. “But other times it can be a challenge to fill out.”The term captcha is in fact an acronym (首字母缩略词) for “completely automated public Turing test (图灵测试) to tell computers and humans apart. ”To help stop fraud (欺诈), theselittle tests often pop up when you're signing up for or onto a website.(68) ______ If you get it wrong, it may ask you to start again, leading you to wonder if you really know what a traffic light looks like - - or if you might really be a robot after all.But captchas are now fast becoming unusable, making the Internet a wasteland of difficult puzzles. Users must struggle to do the most basic things. “We've literally all found ourselves at one time or another complaining: 'Those were all the pictures with traffic lights," said Effie Le Moignan, a researcher in social computing at Newcastle University.Internet users struggle to tell the difference between a wear of paint on a sidewalk and a formalized crosswalk that's often requested in a traditional captcha, and worry that one wrong answer may lock them out of an account. (69) ______“You likely don't enjoy being interrupted by these," said Apple's Tommy Pauly. “I certainly don't. The reason these experiences exist is to prevent dishonest activity. If you run a server, you don't want it to be defeated by fraud. (70) ______”The company worked with Fastly and Cloudflare to build the new feature. It works by allowing your device to send a statement confirming it is being used by a human to the requesting website.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71. "Digital Hoarding” Could Be an Increasing ProblemAs data storage has become more accessi ble than ever, the amount of digital “stuff" we all have put aside is on the rise, too.In a recent paper published in the journal Information & Management, we have investigated a rising phenomenon called “digital hoarding”, which happens when an individual constantly acquires digital content, feels difficulty in getting rid of it, and gradually gets more and more digital content without an intended purpose.Digital hoarding can quickly increase out of control, too - perhaps even more quickly than in the physical world, due to several reasons. First, the digital hoarder is less likely to notice the space limitations in the digital world. While the boundaries of a physical space are clear, such boundaries are less noticeable in digital spaces. Second, hoarding of physicalobjects happens in fixed boundaries, while digital spaces are “expandable" - you can get additional digital storage with minimum effort at very little or zero cost. Third, to hoard physical items, a person needs to expend some effort, such as purchasing them. By contrast, most digital contents are either self-created, free, or available on a subscription (订阅) basis. Fourth, compared with physical stuff, digital contents can be multiplied, for example, by making copies, with very minimal effort.In the modern world, it is unavoidable that digital content plays an important role in our lives. Therefore, the potential of serious mental health impacts from digital hoarding is a real possibility.If you think you' re holding onto too much digital content, you can try cleaning your digital footprint, reducing unnecessary digital content, coming up with simple methods to organize your files, pictures and videos. What's more, reassess the importance of many social networks, including groups in many communication apps, and keep only those essential to you.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 一位有影响力的专家建议多加关注自身的心理健康。
