06年在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语真题及解析

全真试卷考试时间：120分钟满分：62 分2006年在职攻读硕士联考英语背景色：字体大小： 10px 11px 12px 13px 14px 15px 16px 17px 18px 19px 行高： 100% 110% 120% 130% 140% 150% 160% 170% 180% 190%隐藏所有题目折叠过长题目完成对话题 11. Speaker A: Excuse me, but can you tell us where the conference room is?Speaker B: ______ The conference room is located on the third floor of the hotel. ○[A] Of course, sir. ○[B] Yes, please.○[C] Right, sir. ○[D] You are welcome.[参考答案] A [您的答案] [得分] 0[详细解答] 意思是“当然可以，先生。

会议室在宾馆的三层”。

这道题很容易得出答案。

A 说：“打扰一下，您能告诉我们会议室在哪吗?”题 22. Speaker A: ______.Speaker B: I'm running a temperature, and feel sick. ○[A] What can I do for you? ○[B] What seems to be the trouble?○[C] What are you doing these days? ○[D] How long has this been going on?[参考答案] B [您的答案] [得分] 0[详细解答] 意思是“您哪里不舒服?”B说：“我的头发热并且感觉恶心。

”注意词组run a temperature发烧，发热。

题 33. Speaker A: Nancy, you look very well.Speaker B: Thank you, Jane. You look wonderful too. Your weekend swimming must have done good to you.Speaker A: ______. ○[A] You think so? That's encouraging. ○[B] That's very kind of you.○[C] Are you serious? Thank you anyway. ○[D] Are you kidding? I don't believe it. [参考答案] A [您的答案] [得分] 0[详细解答] 意思是“你这样认为吗?这非常令人振奋。

2006年在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语试题Part I Dialogue Communication(1 5 minutes，1 5 points)Section A: Dialogue Completion Directions:In this section,you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers,each followed by four choices marked A，B,C,andD. Choose the answer that best suits the sit-uation to comple the dialogue .Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single linethrough the center．1．Speaker A：Excuse me，but can you tell us where the conference room is?Speaker B：The conference room is located on the third floor of the hotelA．Of course，si r．B．Yes，please．C．Right，sir．D.You are welcome2. Speaker A：______Speaker B：I’m running a temperature，and feel sick.A．What can I do for you? B．What seems to be the trouble?C．What are you doing these days? D．How long has this been going on?3．Speaker A：Nancy，you look very wellSpeaker B：Thank you，Jane．You look wonderful too．Your weekend swimming must havedone good to you．Speaker A：——A．You think so?That’s encouraging．B．That’s very kind of youC．Are vou serious?Thank you anyway．D．Are you kidding?I don’t believe it4．Speaker A：It took me ten years to build up my business，and it almost killed m eSpeaker B：Well，you know what they say：——A．There is no smoke without fire．B．Practice makes perfct.C．All roads lead to Rome．D．No pains，no gains.5．Speaker A：Don’t you smoke?Speaker B．——A．No．Nothing interests me less than smokingB．Yes．I have never smoked in my life．C．No．Only once in a while．D.Yes.And I hate others smoking in my face．Section B Dialogue ComprehensionDirections：In this section，you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by four choices marked A，B，C，and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the 4 choices given and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center．6．Woman：I just found out at registration．that the creative writing class is full．Now I have to wait a whole year to get inMan：Why don’t you check back after the first week? Som ebody might drop it．Question：What does the man suggest the woman should do?A．Make sure the registration office didn’t make a mistake．B．Decide whether to drop the course next week．C．Find out if a place opens up in the course later．D．Take the course next year．7．Woman：1 want to talk with Tom now．Man：You can’t do that．He is in bad mood．Question：Why can’t the woman talk to Tom now?A．Tom is terribly i11．B．Tom is in low spirits．C．Tom is bad—tempered．D．Tom is very nervous．8．Woman：You often complain a lot about your boss．But today you are different．Man：We had a heart—to—heart talk and I saw him with new eyes．Question：What does the man mean?A．He saw his boss as a real person for the first time．B．He is now complaining in a different way．C．He has made his boss change his attitude．D．He has changed his opinion of his boss．9．Woman：Maybe we should take the front street this morning．The radio announcer said that the traffic is very heavy on the freeway．Man：Well，if he says to take the front street，we should go the other wav．Question：What does the man think of the radio announcer7A：He’s humorous．B．He makes no mistakes．C．He doesn’t speak clearly．D．He’s tlnreliable．10．Woman：I didn’t see you at the concert last night．What’S wrong with you?Man：That’S not my cup of tea．Question：What does the man mean?A．He is not fond of concerts．B．He didn’t like the tea at the concert．C．He left early to have some tea with somebody else．D．He doesn’t want to tell the woman why he was not therePartⅡ Vocabulary and Structure(2 0 minutes，1 0 points)Directions：There are20incomplete sentences in this part．For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A，B，Cand D．Choose the one that best completes the sentence．Mark your an—swer onthe ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center．1 1．The work has the status of a classic among the composer’S admirers．A．reauired B．acquired C．inquired D．inspired1 2．Some people think they can read man’S__from his handwriting.A．attribute B．feature C．property D．character1 3．The young heir was so__that he gave all his money away in a couple of years•A．handsome B．genuine C．talented D．generous1 4．Only by understanding the Web deeply__hope for people to grasp its full potential•A．can there be B．can be there C．be there can D．there can be15．What you’reto read may challenge your assumptions about the kind of world we live A．around B．ahead C．above D．about16．The goal is to use crops，weeds and even animal waste__the petroleum that fuels muchof American manufacturing．A．in terms of B．in favor of C．in spite of D．in place of17.The_he said it he knew what a mistake he had made．A．moment B．time C．occasion D．hour18．I_______rather s01ve the problems in my farm myself than seek the help of other people．A．should B．shall C．would D．will19．From what has been discussed above，we may safely draw the__that its disadvantages are far greater than its advantages．A．solution B．conclusion C．answer D．attention20.By the time you have completed the essential training，you__exposed to Virtually every new feature of the course．A．will have been B．will beC．would have been D．would be21．Too often teachers'_with parents involve complaints about children’s misbehaviors and iaziness．A．acquaintances B．associationsC．conferences D．consultations-22.I admit that the Droblems are difficult，I don’t agree that they cannot be solved．A．When B．Where C．While D．Why23．He should___ be a110wed to get up until he has completely recovered from his illness. A.in case B．in any case C．in that case D．in no case24．If nature does not provide man with the necessary material，it is the laboratorv____he will turn to for it．A．where B．which C．that D．what25．All flights——because of the snowstorm，they decided to take the train．A．were cancelled B．have been cancelledC．had been cancelled D. havihg been cancelled26．I really appreciate______to help me,but I am sure that I can manage it myself.A．you to come B．that you comeC．your coming D．how you come27．A new system of quality control was__to overcome the shortcomings in the firm’s prod ucts．A..invested B．reformed C introduced D．instructed28．It may be worthwhile at this moment to____and see what results we have got after oneyear’s experiments．A．100k back B．100k around C．100k up D．100k forward29．I don’t think Mr．Watson wili come here again today．Please give the ticket to____comes here first．A．whomever B．whom C．who D．whoever30．Far too many owners of electric appliances have a hard time___________qualified repairmen to fixtheir machines．A．finding B．to find C．to finding D．having founPart Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes，40 points)Directions：There are 4 passages in this part．Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinisbed statements．For each of them there are 4 choices marked A，B．Cand D．Choose thebest one and lTlark your allszuer 0n the ANSWER SHEET zuith a single line through the cellter．Passage OneDon’t have time to read anymore?Now you can get free，quick literatnre via emait．Morethan 100 000 people open their email each day,to read a chapter of a book，through Chapter—A—Day．an online book club created two years ago．It’s a free email service that provides a short dai—ly reading for busy people，exposing them to literature they may not find on their own inspiring some to recommit it to the reading habit．About 550 public library systems representing over 3 000 branch libraries already have signed up to offer Chapter—A—Day．Via email，participants get about five minutes’worth of reading every day．After three chaptersare∈mailed．the installments stop，and those who want to keep reading can borrow the book at their public library or purchase it online．Chapter—A—Day has eight free book clubs，and sells thousands of books each month．Chapter—A-Day started in 1999 when Suzanne Beecher，a lifelong book lover，realized how many of the women who worked part—time for her software development company didn’t have time in their busy lives to read．She decided to type part of a chapter of a book，and send it to her employees through email．The next day she typed a little more，and continued tosend literary installments each day．She says she started getting feedback from the staff about how readingmade them feel．“They were interested，and realized that．though they didn’t have time in theirbusv lives for reading,just reading that little bit each day got them back in the habit."Realizingthat many other people could benefit．she decided to take the idea even further and start anemail"chapter-a-day’’book club to help others ease their way back into daily reading.“Reading makeschanges in people’S lives．”Beecher say s.Pat Dempsey．a librarian at a public library in Ohio，has found Chapter—A—Day helps her li—brary clients get back in the habit of reading．"It’s a different way to get people h00ked onbooks,”she says．3 1．Chapter-A-Day is intended to help people__．A．get back into the habit of readingB．relieve stress from office workC．find interesting books onlineD．buy books more conveniently32．The passage was written in__.A．1999 B．2000 C．2001 D.200233．1t can be inferred that through Chapter—A-Day——.A．Dublic libraries have become crowded with readersB．Ms Beecber made much money for her software companyC．Deople begin to read very slowly and patientlyD．Deople cannot finish reading any book online34．The word“installment”in the passage probably means“——”-A．a 1ibrary email B．a rare piece of literatureC．a free novel D．a part of a book35．Ms Beecher decided to expand her Chapter—A—Day service because__•A．over 3 000 1ibraries had j oinedB．many other people could benefitC．eight book clubs supported herD free emajl service was availablePassage twoChicago Public Schools are going to great lengths to hire teachers--now the school districtrecruits teachers fr。

2006年在职英语试题答案解析第一部分口语交际A节完成对话1．[答案]A[考点]交际对话中对问路的反应．[解析]此题考查考生就交际对话中对问路所作的反应。

A方问B方能否告诉他们会议室在哪里，B方后半部分的话显示他知道会议室的位置，所以前半部分恰当的回答应是选项A。

选项B一般用于接受对方邀请自己吃或喝什么时所作的应答，选项D用于对对方表示感谢时所作的应答，选项C是中文式的答复。

2．[答案]B[考点]交际对话中询问病情[解析]此题考查考生在交际对话中能否恰当地询问对方的病情。

由B方的答复可知，A方在问B方的病情，选项B与B方的答复逻辑上一致，因此是正确答案。

选项A是服务性行业中与客人打招呼时常用的表达语，选项C和D中的问题均与答复不一致。

3．[答案]A[考点]交际对话中对夸奖的恰当应答[解析]此题考查考生在对方夸奖时能否作出恰当的应答。

B方赞美A方说：“你看上去也好极了。

周末的游泳肯定对你有好处。

”选项A表示了A方的惊讶并大方接受夸奖，非常得体，是正确答案。

选项C和D都不够礼貌，选项B常用于对对方表示的善意所作的答复。

4．[答案]D[考点]发表意见的交际能力[解析]此题考查考生能否就所听到的话发表恰当意见。

对于A方说的话，B方所作的反应应该与这一话题密切相关。

四个选项用的是四条英语谚语，与A方话题相关的只有D。

5. [答案]A[考点]理解否定疑问句[解析]此题考查考生就对话中否定的疑问句作出恰当反应的能力。

对于A方的话，B方应就实际情况作出答复，如不抽就用No开头来回答，如抽烟就用Yes开头来回答，而且回答的前后部分应一致。

四个选项中，B和D是典型的中文式英语，选项C前后矛盾，前面用No表明自己不抽烟，后半部分却又说Only once in a while（只是偶尔抽一点儿）。

选项A符合英语表达习惯，是正确答案。

B节对话理解6．[答案]C[考点]上下文理解[解析]此题考查考生通过上下文理解对话的确切意思。

在职硕士学位入学资格考试GCT英语真题2006年(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}PartⅠ Vocabulary and Structure{{/B}}(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.Every plant, animal, and human being needs water to ______ alive.（分数：2.00）A.stay √B.makeC.runD.glow解析：[注释] stay在此起系动词的作用，后面可以跟形容词alive。

stay alive意思为“活下来/生存下去”。

其他选择项用副词修饰。

2.It ______ commonplace to think of sport as a "leisure industry" now.（分数：2.00）A.becameB.will becomeC.is becoming √D.had become解析：[注释] 本题考查时态知识，应该特别重视语境中的时间词now。

可以由此判断出本句的时态是现在进行时态。

其他时态的选择项都不符合本句话的时间概念。

3.Changes in climate ______ slowly through the years.（分数：2.00）A.make progressB.take place √C.keep paceD.set sail解析：[注释] 本题的考点属于名词(主语)与动词(谓语)的搭配问题。

名词changes只能与动词take place 搭配，意思为“发生变化”。

其他选择项的动词都不符合changes一词的要求。

4.Scientists can predict regions ______ new species are most likely to be found.（分数：2.00）A.where √B.whenC.whyD.how解析：[注释] 本题为定语从句引导词的考点。

2006 MBA.MPA.MPAcc联考英语试题Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank.Wholesale prices in July rose more sharply than expected and at a faster rate than consumer prices, (1) that businesses were still protecting consumers (2) the full brunt (冲击) of higher energy costs. The Producer Price Index, (3) measures what producers receive for goods and services, (4) 1 percent in July, the Labor Department reported yesterday, double (5) economists had been expecting and a sharp turnaround from fiat prices in June. Excluding (6) and energy, the core index of producer prices rose 0.4 percent, (7) than the 0.1 percent that economists had (8) Much of that increase was a result of an (9) increase in car and truck prices.On Tuesday, the Labor Department said the (10) that consumers paidfor goods and services in July were (11) 0.5 percent over all, and up 0.1 percent, excluding food and energy.(12) the overall rise in both consumer and producer prices (13) caused by energy costs, which increased 4.4 percent in the month. (Wholesale food prices (14) 0.3 percent in July. ) (15) July 2004, wholesale prices were up 4.6 percent; the core rate (16) 2.8 percent, its fastest pace since 1995．Typically, increases in the Producer Price Index indicate similar changes in the consumer index (17) businesses recoup (补偿) higher costs from customers. (18) for muchof this expansion, which started (19) the end of 2001, that has not been the (20) . In fact, many businesses like automakers have been aggressively discounting their products.( )1．A．indicate B．to indicate C．indicating D．indicated( )2．A．of B．to C．by D．from( )3．A．that B．which C．it D．this( )4．A．rise B．rises C．rose D．raised( )5．A．that B．what C．which D．this( )6． A．food B．grain C．crop D．diet( )7．A．less B．lower C．higher D．more( )8．A．said B．reported C．calculated D．forecast( )9．A．expectable B．unexpected C．expectation D．expecting( )10．A．prices B．costs C．charges D．values( )11．A．down B．from C．to D．up( )12．A．Much B．Most C．Most of D．Much of( )13．A．was B．were C．is D．are( )14．A．fall B．fell C．falls D．has fallen( )15．A．Comparing with B．In comparison C．Compared withD． Compare to( )16．A．dropped B．declined C．lifted D．climbed( )17．A．as B．so C．while D．when( )18．A．And B．But C．Yet D．Still( )19．A．at B．by C．in D．to( )20．A．condition B．situation C．matter D．caseSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections : Read the following four passages. Answer the questions blow each passage by choosing A, B, C and D．Text 1Office jobs are among the positions hardest hit by computation(计算机自动化). Word processors and typists will lose about 93,000 jobs over the next few years, while 57,000 secretarial jobs will vanish. Blame the PC: Today, many executives type their own memos and carry their "secretaries" in the palms of their hands. Time is also hard forstock clerks, whose ranks are expected to decrease by 68, 000． And employees in manufacturing firms and wholesalers are being replaced with computerized systems.But not everyone who loses a job will end up in the unemployment line. Many will shift to growing positions within their own companies. When new technologies shook up the telecomm business, telephone operator Judy Dougherty pursued retraining. She is now a communications technician, earning about $64, 000 per year. Of course, if you'vebeen a tollbooth collector for the past 30 years, and you findyourself replaced by an E-ZPass machine, it may be of little consolation(安慰) to know that the telecomm field is booming.And that's just it : The service economy is fading ; welcome to the expertise (专门知识) economy. To succeed in the new job market, you must be able to handle complex problems. Indeed, all but one of the50 highest-paying occupations-air-traffic controller-demand at leasta bachelor's degree.For those with just a high school diploma(毕业证书), it's going toget tougher to find a well-paying job. Since fewer factory andclerical jobs will be available, what's left will be the jobs that computation can't kill: Computers can't clean offices, or care for Alzheimer's patients (老年痴呆病人). But, since most people have the skills to fill those positions, the wages stay painfully low, meaning computation could drive an even deeper wedge(楔子) between the richand poor. The best advice now: Never stop learning, and keep up with new technology.For busy adults, of course, that can be tough. The good news is that the very technology that's reducing so many jobs is also making it easier to go back to school-without having to sit in a classroom. So-called Internet distance learning is hot, with more than three million students currently enrolled, and it's gaining credibility with employers.Are you at risk of losing your job to a computer? Check the Federal Bureau of Labor Statistics' Occupational Outlook Handbook, which is available online at bls. gov.( )21． From the first paragraph we can infer that all of the following persons are easily thrown into unemployment EXCEPT A．secretaries B．stock clerksC．managers D．wholesalers( )22．In the second paragraph the author mentions the tollbooth collector toA．mean he will get benefits from the telecomm fieldB．show he is too old to shift to a new positionC．console him on having been replaced by a machineD．blame the PC for his unemployment( )23．By saying "putation could drive an even deeper wedge between the rich and poor" (Line 5, Para. 4) the author means A．people are getting richer and richerB．there will be a small gap between rich and poorC．the gap between rich and poor is getting larger and largerD．it's time to close up the gap between the rich and poor( )24．What is the author's attitude towards computers? A．positive. B．negative.C．neutral. D．prejudiced.( )25．Which of the following might serve as the best title of the passage?A．Blaming the PC.B．The booming telecomm fieldC．Internet distance learning.D．Keeping up with computation.Text 2Tens of thousands of 18-year-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaningless diplomas. These diplomas won't look any different from those awarded their luckier classmates. Their validity will be questioned only when their employers discover that these graduates are semiliterate (半文盲).Eventually a fortunate few will find their way into educational-repair shops-adult-literacy programs, such as the one where I teach basic grammar and writing. There, high-school graduates and high-school dropouts pursuing graduate-equivalency certificates will learn the skills they should have learned in school. They will also discover they have been cheated by our educational system.I will never forget a teacher who got the attention of one of my children by revealing the trump card of failure. Our youngest, a world-class charmer, did little to develop his intellectual talents but always got by. Until Mrs. Stifter.Our son was a high-school senior when he had her for English. "Hesits in the back of the room talking to his friends," she told me. "Why don't you move him to the front row?" I urged, believing the embarrassment would get him to settle down. Mrs. Stifter said, "Idon't move seniors. I flunk(使……不及格) them. " Our son's academic life flashed before my eyes. No teacher had ever threatened him. By the time I got home I was feeling pretty good about this. It was a radical approach for these times, but, well, why not? "She's going to flunk you," I told my son. I did not discuss it any further. Suddenly English became a priority(头等要事) in his life. He finished out the semester with an A.I know one example doesn't make a case, but at night I see a parade of students who are angry for having been passed along until they could no longer even pretend to keep up. Of average intelligence or better, they eventually quit school, concluding they were too dumb to finish. "I should have been held back," is a comment I hear frequently: Even sadder are those students who are high-school graduates who say to me after a few weeks of class, "I don't know how I ever got a high-school diploma. "Passing students who have not mastered the work cheats them and the employers who expect graduates to have basic skills. We excuse this dishonest behavior by saying kids can't learn if they come from terrible environments. No one seems to stop to think that most kids don't put school first on their list unless they perceive somethingis at risk. They'd rather be sailing.Many students I see at night have decided to make education a priority. They are motivated by the desire for a better job or the need to hang on to the one they've got. They have a healthy fear of failure.People of all ages can rise above their problems, but they need to have a reason to do so. Young people generally don't have the maturity to value education in the same way my adult students value it. But fear of failure can motivate both.( )26． What is the subject of this essay?A．view point on learning.B．a qualified teacher.C．the importance of examination.D．the generation gap.( )27．How did Mrs. Sifter get the attention of one of the author's children?A．flunking him. B．moving his seat.C．blaming him. D．playing card with him.( )28．The author believes that the most effective way for a teacher is toA．purify the teaching environmentsB．set up cooperation between teachers and parentsC．hold back studentD．motivate student( )29．From the passage we can draw the conclusion that the authors' attitude toward flunking isA．negative B．positiveC．biased D．indifferent( )30．Judging from the content, this passage is probably written for A．administrators B．studentsC．teachers D．parentsText 3Names have gained increasing importance in the competitive world of higher education. As colleges strive for market share, they are looking for names that project the image they want or reflect the changes they hope to make. Trenton State College, for example, became the College of New Jersey nine years ago when it began raising admissions standards and appealing to students from throughout the state."All I hear in higher education is, ' Brand, brand, brand, ' " said Tim Westerbeck, who specializes in branding and is managing director of Lipman Hearne, a marketing firm based in Chicago that works with universities and other nonprofit organizations. "There has been a sea change over the last 10 years. Marketing used to be almost a dirty word in higher education. "Not all efforts at name changes are successful, of course. In 1997, the New School for Social Research became New School University to reflect its growth into a collection of eight colleges, offering alist of majors that includes psychology, music, urban studies and management. But New Yorkers continued to call it the New School. Now, after spending an undisclosed sum on an online survey and a marketing consultant's creation of "naming structures," "brand architecture" and "identity systems," the university has come up witha new name. the New School. Beginning Monday, it will adopt newlogos(标识) , banners, business cards and even new names for the individual colleges, all to include the words "the New School. " Changes in names generally reveal significant shifts in how a college wants to be perceived. In altering its name from Cal State, Hayward, to Cal State, East Bay, the university hoped to project its expanding role in two mostly suburban counties east of San Francisco.The University of Southern Colorado, a state institution, became Colorado State University at Pueblo two years ago, hoping tohighlight many internal changes, including offering more graduate programs and setting higher admissions standards.Beaver College turned itself into Arcadia University in 2001 for several reasons : to break the connection with its past as a women's college, to promote its growth into a full-fledged(完全成熟的) university and, officials acknowledged, to eliminate some jokes about the college's old name on late-night television and "morning zoo" radio shows.Many college officials said changing a name and image could produce substantial results. At Arcadia, in addition to the rise in applications, the average student's test score has increased by 60 points, Juli Roebeck, an Arcadia spokeswoman, said.( )31．Which of the following is NOT the reason for colleges to change their names?A．They prefer higher education competition.B．They try to gain advantage in market share.C．They want to project their image.D．They hope to make some changes.( )32．It is implied that one of the most significant changes in higher education in the past decade isA．the brandB．the college namesC．the concept of marketingD．list of majors( )33．The phrase "come up with" (Line 3, Para. 4) probably means A．catch up withB．deal withC．put forwardD．come to the realization( )34．The case of name changing from Cad State, Hayward, to Cal State indicates that the universityA．is perceived by the societyB．hopes to expand its influenceC．prefers to reform its teaching programsD．expects to enlarge its campus( )35．According to the spokeswoman, the name change of Beaver CollegeA．turns out very successfulB．fails to attain its goalC．has eliminated some jokesD．has transformed its statusText 4It looked just like another aircraft from the outside. The pilot told his young passengers that it was built in 1964．But appearances were deceptive, and the 13 students from Europe and the USA who boarded the aircraft were in for the flight of their lives.Inside, the area that normally had seats had become a long white tunnel. Heavily padded (填塞) from floor to ceiling, it looked a bit strange. There were almost no windows, but lights along the padded walls illuminated it. Most of the seats had been taken out, apart from a few at the back, where the young scientists quickly took their places with a look of fear.For 12 months, science students from across the continents had competed to win a place on the flight at the invitation of the European Space Agency. The challenge had been to suggest imaginative experiments to be conducted in weightless conditions.For the next two hours, the flight resembled that of an enormous bird which had lost its reason, shooting upwards towards the heavens before rushing .towards Earth. The invention was to achieve weightlessness for a few seconds.The aircraft took off smoothly enough, but any feelings that I and the young scientists had that we were on anything like a scheduled passenger service were quickly dismissed when the pilot put the plane into a 45-degree climb which lasted around 20 seconds. Then the engines cut out and we became weightless. Everything became confused and left or right, up or down no longer had any meaning. After ten seconds of free-fall descent(下降) the pilot pulled the aircraft out of its nosedive. The return of gravity was less immediate than its loss, but was still sudden enough to ensure that some students came down with a bump.Each time the pilot cut the engines and we became weightless, a new team conducted its experiment. First it was the Dutch who wanted to discover how it is that eats always land on their feet. Then the German team who conducted a successful experiment on a traditional building method to see if it could be used for building a future space station. The Americans had an idea to create solar sails that could be used by satellites.After two hours of going up and down in the lane doing their experiments, the predominant feeling was one of excitement rather than sickness. Most of the students thought it was an unforgettable experience and one they would be keen to repeat.( )36． What did the writer say about the plane?A．It had no seats. B．It was painted white.C．It had no windows. D．The outside was misleading.( )37．According to the writer, how did the young scientists feel before the flight?A．sick B．keenC．nervous D．impatient( )38．What did the pilot do with the plane after it took off?A．He quickly climbed and then stopped the engines.B．He climbed and then made the plane fall slowly.C．He took off normally and then cut the engines for 20 seconds. D．He climbed and then made the plane turn over.( )39．According to the passage, the purpose of being weightless was toA．see what conditions are like in spaceB．prepare the young scientists for future work in spaceC．show the judges of the competition what they could doD．make the teams try out their ideas( )40．This passage was written toA．encourage young people to take up scienceB．describe the process of a scientific competitionC．show scientists what young people can doD．report on a new scientific techniquePart BDirections: In the following text, some sentences have removed. For Questions 41 -45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.Canada's premiers ( the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, to reduce health-care costs.They're all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.41．____________________________________________________________ What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care-to say nothing of reports from other experts recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures andlimited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.42. ____________________________________________________________But " national" doesn't have to mean that. " National" could mean interprovincial- provinces combining efforts to create one body.Either way, one benefit of a "national" organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers.Instead of having one province-or a series of hospitals within a province-negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million people, the national agency would negotiate on behalf 31 million people. Basic economies suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.43. ____________________________________________________________A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agencywith the creation of the Canadian Co-ordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it,a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included. Predictably and regrettably, Quebec refused to join.A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making. They ( particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. That's one reason why the idea of a nationalist hasn't gone anywhere, while drug costs keep rising fast.44. ____________________________________________________________ Premiers love to quote Mr. Romanow's report selectively, especially the parts about more federal money perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs: "A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs. "45. ____________________________________________________________So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list, they should also get cracking about something intheir jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients. A．Quebec's resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology. One of the first advocates for national list was a researcher atLava[ University. Quebec's Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 per cent to 26.8 per cent ! B．Or they could read Mr. Kirby's report : "The substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies"C．What does "national" mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.D．The problem is simple and stark: health-care costs have been, are, and will continue to increase faster than government revenues.E. According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall heahh-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.F. So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain forbetter drug prices.G. Of course the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers, they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its list, the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldn't like a national agency, but self- interest would lead them to deal with it.Section Ⅲ TranslationDirections: In this section there is a text in English. Translate the five underlined sentences into Chinese.The smooth landing of the shuttle(航天飞机) Discovery ended a flight that was successful in almost every respect but one : the dislodging of a big chunk of foam, like the one that doomed the Columbia. This flight was supposed to vault the shuttle fleet back into space after a prolonged grounding for repairs. But given the repeat of the very problem that two years of retooling was supposed to resolve, the verdict is necessarily mixed. (46) Once again, the space agency has been forced to put off the flight until it can find a solution to the problem, and no one seems willing to guess how long that may take. The Discovery astronauts performed superbly during their two-week mission, and the shuttle looked better than ever in some respects. (47) Space officials were justifiably happy that so much had gone well, despite daily worries over possible risks. The flight clearly achieved its prime objectives.The astronauts transferred tons of cargo to the international space station, which has been limping along overhead with a reduced crew and limited supplies carried up on smaller Russian spacecraft. (48) They replaced a broken device, repaired another and carted away aload of rubbish that had been left on the station, showing theshuttle can bring full loads back down from space.This was the most scrutinized shuttle flight ever, with the vehicle undergoing close inspection while still in orbit. (49) New sensingand photographic equipment to look for potentially dangerous damageto the sensitive external skin proved valuable. A new back flip maneuver allowed station astronauts to photograph the shuttle's underbelly, and an extra-long robotic arm enabled astronauts to see parts of the shuttle that were previously out of sight.(50) The flood of image and the openness in discussing its uncertainties about potential hazards sometimes made it appear that the shuttle was about to fall apart. In the end the damage wasclearly tolerable. A much-touted spacewalk to repair the shuttle's skin--the first of its kind-moved an astronaut close enough to pluck out some protruding material with his hand. Preliminary evidence indicates that Discovery has far fewer nicks and gouges than shuttles on previous flights, perhaps showing that improvements to reduce the shedding of debris from the external fuel tank have had some success.Section Ⅳ WritingPart ADirections : Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper complaining about the poor service of a bookstore.设想你买了一本英文词典，发现有这样那样的质量问题，书店的服务态度又不好，因此给报社编辑写信。

2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I U se of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population.1 homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments can’t possibly 2. To help homeless people 3 independence, the federal government must support job training programs, 4 the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.5 everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless. Estimates6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million.7 the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is 8. One of the federal government’s studies 9 thatthe number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to 10 this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. 11 when homeless individuals manage to find a 12 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 13 thestreet. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have seriousmental disorders. Many others, 14 not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday 15 skills needed to turn their lives16. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation willimprove only when there are 17 programs that address the many needs of the homeless. 18 Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, 19 it, “There has to be 20 of programs. What’s needed is a package deal.”1. [A] Indeed[B] Likewise[C] Therefore[D] Furthermore2. [A] stand[B] cope[C] approve[D] retain3. [A] in[B] for[C] with[D] toward4. [A] raise[B] add[C] take[D] keep5. [A] generally[B] almost[C] hardly[D] not6. [A] cover[B] change[C] range[D] differ7. [A] Now that[B] Although[C] Provided[D] Except that8. [A] inflating[B] expanding[C] increasing[D] extending9. [A] predicts[B] displays[C] proves[D] discovers10. [A] assist[B] track[C] sustain[D] dismiss11. [A] Hence[B] But[C] Even[D] Only12. [A] lodging[B] shelter[C] dwelling[D] house13. [A] searching[B] strolling[C] crowding[D] wandering14. [A] when[B] once[C] while[D] whereas15. [A] life[B] existence[C] survival[D] maintenance16. [A] around[B] over[C] on[D] up17. [A] complex[B] comprehensive[C] complementary[D] compensating18. [A] So[B] Since[C] As[D] Thus19. [A] puts[B] interprets[C] assumes[D] makes20. [A] supervision[B] manipulation[C] regulation[D] coordinationSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation -- language, home ownership and intermarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.”Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.”By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means________.[A] identifying[B] associating[C] assimilating[D] monopolizing22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century________.[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture[B] became intimate shops for common consumers[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. ________.[A] are resistant to homogenization[B] exert a great influence on American culture[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture[D] constitute the majority of the population24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned inParagraph 5?[A] To prove their popularity around the world.[B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into Americansociety is ________.[A] rewarding[B] successful[C] fruitless[D] harmfulText 2Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus -- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side -- don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -- lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.26. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that ________.[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater28. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2-3, Paragraph4), the author implies that ________.[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C] the town is not really short of money[D] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because________.[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending[B] the company is financially ill-managed[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise30. From the text we can conclude that the author ________.[A] is supportive of both sides[B] favors the townsfolk’s view[C] takes a detached attitude[D] is sympathetic to the RSCText 3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomassof large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline.” The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that________.[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that ________.[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reducedby 90%[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the originalamount[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheriesthan in the old33. By saying "these figures are conservative" (Line 1, paragraph 3),Dr. Worm means that ________.[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly[B] the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss[D] the data collected so far are out of date34. Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that ________.[A] people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time[B] fisheries should keep their yields below 50% of the biomass[C] the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level[D] people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changingsituation35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’________.[A] management efficiency[B] biomass level[C] catch-size limits[D] technological applicationText 4Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists’ only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda -- to lure us to open our wallets -- they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!”commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.But what we forget -- what our economy depends on us forgetting -- is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.36. By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the authorintends to show that ________.[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music[B] art grows out of both positive and negative feelings[C] poets today are less skeptical of happiness[D] artists have changed their focus of interest37. The word “bummer”(Line 5, paragraph 5) most probably meanssomething ________.[A] religious[B] unpleasant[C] entertaining[D] commercial38. In the author’s opinion, advertising ________.[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public[C] replaces the church as a major source of information[D] creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself39. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes________.[A] happiness more often than not ends in sadness[B] the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied[D] the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms40. Which of the following is true of the text?[A] Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.[B] Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.[C] People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society.[D] Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There are two extra choices, which you do not need to use in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a "Fun Card", which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities. For Williams, those activities become what he calls "electronic heroin".(41) ________. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.In March 1998 a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confinedto a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions”letter. Noting the medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(42) ________.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun... and always bet with your head, not over it.” Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams’s suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling,”intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage in conduct against his will.” Well.(43) ________.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.(44) ________. Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(45) ________.Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on -- you might say addicted to -- revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers’ dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web’s most profitable business.[A] Although no such evidence was presented, the casino’s marketingdepartment continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.[B]It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior.And in what sense was his will operative?[C] By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he couldget back to even, he would quit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit.[D] Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but fora long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease.Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.[E] David Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.[F] It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioralproblems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.[G] The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling isespecially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? 46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems. He explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. 47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals -- the average scientist, for one. 48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties -- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufactureevidence, or doctor his reports. 49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. 50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in "public and illustrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say, is something else.Section III WritingPart A51. DirectionsYou want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should1. describe the photos briefly,2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and3. give your point of view.You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)有两幅图片，图1 把崇拜写在脸上；图2 花300元做“小贝头”注：Beckham是英国足球明星有两张照片，一张照片上有一位男士脸上写着足球明星的名字，另一张照片上有一个男子在理发，他要求理发师为他设计一个小贝克汉姆的发型。

硕士研究生英语学位真题2006年6月(总分：90.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION{{/B}}(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、{{B}}Section A{{/B}}(总题数：2，分数：9.00)（分数：5.00）(1).∙ A. He has spent many days writing his linguistics term paper.∙ B. He spent one day working on his linguistics term paper.∙ C. His term paper on linguistics was done yesterday.∙ D. His linguistic term paper was due several days before yesterday.（分数：1.00）A. √B.C.D.解析：(2).∙ A. There will be many people at the party.∙ B. The man will do his assignment before the party.∙ C. She's not going to the party.∙ D. The man won't be able to go to the party.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. √解析：(3).∙ A. He isn't serious about the expedition.∙ B. It will cost him a lot of money.∙ C. Other people paid for his airfare.∙ D. It isn't fair for him to go alone.（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：(4).∙ A. The Personnel Manager is not here.∙ B. Mr. Smith is the Personnel Manager.∙ C. The Personnel Manager is on vacation.∙ D. Mrs. Jones is the new Personnel Manager.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. √解析：(5).∙ A. In a garden∙ B. In an orchard∙ C. In a shop∙ D. In a kitchen.（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：（分数：4.00）(1).∙ A. Half a month∙ B. One and a half months∙ C. Two months∙ D. Two and a half months（分数：1.00）A. √B.C.D.解析：(2).∙ A. Avenues run east and west.∙ B. Streets are in the downtown area.∙ C. Avenues run north and south.∙ D. Streets are in the west side of the New Work.（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：(3).∙ A. Pick up the man at 5:00.∙ B. Meet her friends at the restaurant.∙ C. Make dinner for the man.∙ D. Do her errands after dinner.（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：(4).∙ A. It will be ready by three o'clock today.∙ B. It can be picked up at two o'clock tomorrow.∙ C. It will be ready in two hours.∙ D. Only two rolls will be ready on time.（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：三、{{B}}Section B{{/B}}(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Mini-talk One(总题数：1，分数：3.00)（分数：3.00）(1).∙ A.2—4 times∙ B.4—6 times∙ C. 6—8 times∙ D.About 10 times（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：[注释]关键信息词句：You might not remember your dreams，but people usually dream four to sixtimes anight注意：在正式听本段独白或对话之前阅读并熟悉所给出的问题和选项答案，并对正确选项作出预测，例如：利用该段独白或对话的语境、常识或已知信息预测可能的正确答案等。

Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America?Indeed.It is big enough to have a bit of everything.But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past,today’s social indices hardly suggesta dark and deteriorating social environment.21.The word“homogenizing”(Line2,Paragraph1)most probably means________.[A]identifying[B]associating[C]assimilating[D]monopolizing22.According to the author,the department stores of the19th century________.[A]played a role in the spread of popular culture[B]became intimate shops for common consumers[C]satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[D]owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23.The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S.________.[A]are resistant to homogenization[B]exert a great influence on American culture[C]are hardly a threat to the common culture[D]constitute the majority of the population24.Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph5?[A]To prove their popularity around the world.[B]To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.[C]To give examples of successful immigrants.[D]To show the powerful influence of American culture.25.In the author’s opinion,the absorption of immigrants into American society is_______.[A]rewarding[B]successful[C]fruitless[D]harmfulText2Stratford-on-Avon,as we all know,has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches.There is the Royal Shakespeare Company(RSC),which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon.And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come,not to see the plays,but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny totheir revenue.They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors,them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness.It’s all deliciously ironic when youconsider that Shakespeare,who earns their living,was himself an actor(with a beard)and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate.The sightseers who come by bus—and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side—don’t usually see the plays,and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford.However,the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing.It is the playgoers,the RSC contends,who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night(some of them four or five nights)pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants.The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and the local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company.Stratford cries poor traditionally.Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge.Hilton is building its own hotel there,which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars,the Lear Lounge,the Banquo Banqueting Room,and so forth,and will be very expensive.Anyway,the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy.(The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a st year its1,431seats were94per cent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.)The reason,of course,is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele.They come entirely for the plays,not the sights.They all seem to look alike(though they come from all over)—lean,pointed,dedicated faces,wearing jeans and sandals,eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the20seats and80standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at10:30a.m.26.From the first two paragraphs,we learn that________.[A]the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue[B]the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[C]the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms[D]the townsfolk earn little from tourism27.It can be inferred from Paragraph3that________.[A]the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B]the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C]the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D]the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater28.By saying“Stratford cries poor traditionally”(Line2,Paragraph4),the author implies that______.[A]Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[B]Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C]the town is not really short of money[D]the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29.According to the townsfolk,the RSC deserves no subsidy because________.[A]ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending[B]the company is financially ill-managed[C]the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable[D]the theatre attendance is on the rise30.From the text we can conclude that the author________.[A]is supportive of both sides[B]favors the townsfolk’s view[C]takes a detached attitude[D]is sympathetic to the RSCText3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world,something strange happened to the large animals:they suddenly became extinct.Smaller species survived.The large,slow-growing animals were easy game,and were quickly hunted to extinction.Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.Whatresearchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing.They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world.Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass(the amount of living biological matter)of fish species in particular parts of the ocean,but rather changes in that biomass over time.According to their latest paper published in Nature,the biomass of large predators(animals that kill and eat other animals)in a new fishery is reduced on average by80%within15years of the start of exploitation.In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.Dr.Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative.One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved.Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar,which were not available50years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught,so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.In the early days,too,longlines would have been more saturated with fish.Some individuals would therefore not have been caught,since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them,leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past.Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing,a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked.That is no longer a problem,because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr.Myers and Dr.Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline,which future management efforts must take into account.They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists,that of the“shifting baseline”.The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past.That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about50%of its original levels.Most fisheries are well below that,which is a bad way to do business.31.The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that________.[A]large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment[B]small species survived as large animals disappeared[C]large sea animals may face the same threat today[D]slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32.We can infer from Dr.Myers and Dr.Worm’s paper that________.[A]the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by90%[B]there are only half as many fisheries as there were15years ago[C]the catch sizes in new fisheries are only20%of the original amount[D]the number of large predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old33.By saying“these figures are conservative”(Line1,paragraph3),Dr.Worm means that________.[A]fishing technology has improved rapidly[B]then catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded[C]the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss[D]the data collected so far are out of date34.Dr.Myers and other researchers hold that________.[A]people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time[B]fisheries should keep their yields below50%of the biomass[C]the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level[D]people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changing situation35.The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’________.[A]management efficiency[B]biomass level[C]catch-size limits[D]technological applicationText4Many things make people think artists are weird.But the weirdest may be this:artists’only job is to explore emotions,and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn’t always so.The earliest forms of art,like painting and music,are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the19th century onward,more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless,phony or, worst of all,boring,as we went from Wordsworth’sdaffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war,disaster and the massacre of innocents.The reason,in fact,may be just the opposite:there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all,what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising.The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media,and with it,a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.[D]Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.Part BDirections:In the following article,some sentences have been removed.For Questions41-45,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of numbered gaps.There are two extra choices,which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville,Ind., home of David Williams,52,and of a riverboat casino(a place where gambling games are played).During several years of gambling in that casino,Williams,a state auditor earning$35,000a year,lost approximately $175,000.He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for$20worth of gambling.He visited the casino,lost the$20and left.On his second visit he lost$800.The casino issued to him,as a good customer,a“Fun Card”,which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks,and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities.For Williams,these activities become what he calls“electronic heroin”.(41)________.In1997he lost$21,000to one slot machine in two days.In March1997he lost$72,186.He sometimes played two slot machines at a time,all night,until the boat docked at5a.m.,then went back aboard when the casino opened at9a.m.Now he is suing the casino,charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted.It did know he had a problem.In March1998a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions,and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s gambling problem.The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers,and wrote to him a“cease admissions”letter.Noting the“medical/psychological”nature of problem gambling behavior,the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(42)________.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has24signs warning:“Enjoy the fun...and always bet with your head,not over it.”Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health.Nevertheless,Williams’s suit charges that the casino,knowing he was“helplessly addicted to gambling,”intentionally worked to“lure”him to“engage in conduct against his will.”Well.(43)________.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says“pathological gambling”involves persistent,recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest ofa windfall.(44)________.Pushed by science,or what claims to be science,society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(45)________.Forty-four states have lotteries,29have casinos,and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on—you might say addicted to—revenues from wagering.And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995,competition for gamblers’dollars has become intense.The Oct.28issue of Newsweek reported that2160-200words neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20points)2006年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章结构分析本文介绍了美国无家可归者日益增多这个社会问题。

2006年全国硕士研究生考试英语试卷及答案(6)Part BOn the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville，Ind， home of David Willianis ，52，and of a riverboat casinola place where gambling games are played .During several years of gambling in that casino ，Williams a state auditor earning $35，000 a year ，last approximately $175，000 . He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.He visited the casino， lost the $20 and left .On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him， as a good customer， a"Fun Card"， which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks， and enables the casino to track the user's gambling activities. For Williams， these activities become what he calls"electronic heroin"。

（41），In 1997 he lost $21，000 to one slot machine in two days. In march 1997 he lost $72，186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time， all night，until the boat locked at 5 a.m ， then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m .Now he is suing the casino ，charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.In march 1998，a friend of Williams's got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions， and wrote to inform the casino of Williams's gamblers. The casinno included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers，and wrote to him a"cease admissions"letter noting the"medical /psychological"nature of problem gambling behaviors， the letter said that before being readmitted to the patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.（42）The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 20 signs warning，"enjoy the fun and always bet with your head ，not over it ."Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of MentalHealth .Nevertheless Williams's suit charged that the casino ，knowing he was"helplessly addicted to gambling"intentionally worked to"love"him to"engage in conduct against his will"well.（43）The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental Disorders says"pathological gambling"involves president，recurring and uncontrollable pursuit loss of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.（44）， .Pushed by science， or what claims to be science， society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders skin to physical disabilities（45）Forty-four states have lotteries， 29 have casinos， and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on__you might say addicted to__revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995，competition for gambler's dollars has become intense. The Oct.28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1，800 virtual cosines every week， with $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year， gambling has ，passed pornography as the web's webs most profitable business.（A）。