基础分子生物学1、绪论2、染色体与DNA3、生物信息的传递（上）——从DNA到RNA4、生物信息的传递（下）——从mRNA到蛋白质5、基因的表达与调控（上）——原核6、基因的表达与调控（下）——真核第2章染色体与DNA一、 DNA的组成与结构二、 DNA的生理意义三、 C-Value和Cot1/2 四、染色体结构五、染色体的组成六、原核与真核染色体DNA比较第三章 DNA复制DNA代谢 DNA复制哺乳动物DNA聚合酶 DNA连接酶单链结合蛋白(SSB) 解链酶拓扑异构酶Ⅰ拓扑异构酶Ⅱ引物酶引发前体蛋白1. DNA复制的起始2.DNA子链的延伸3.DNA链的终止复制的方式线状DNA末端复制的问题真核生物染色体端粒的复制第4章突变和修复第1节突变概述1、突变的定义2、突变的分类：染色体畸变、基因突变；多点突变、单点突变（碱基插入、缺失、替代）、碱基替代；同义突变、错义突变、无义突变；正向突变、回复突变第2节诱发突变和自发突变1、碱基类似物二、DNA分子上碱基的化学修饰三、嵌合剂的致突变作用四、转座成分的致突变作用五、增变基因六、紫外线和高能射线的致突变作用七、突变热点第3节 DNA的修复1、复制修复：1.尿嘧啶－糖基酶系统 2.错配修复系统2、损伤修复1.光修复：（直接修复）：胸腺嘧啶二聚体2.切除修复3.重组修复4.SOS response第5章重组和转座第1节重组的分类1、同源重组或普遍性重组2、位点特异性重组3、转座2、模板选择（copy choice）性重组第2节同源重组1、Holliday连接2、Rec BCD途径－同源重组的酶学机制：1.Overview 2.RecBCD: 3.Rec A 4.Ruv A-B-C3、基因转换(gene conversion)第3节位点特异性重组位点特异性重组最典型的列子是λ噬菌体对E.coli的整合。
1、att位点2、整合和切离的相关蛋白3、λ整合通常是通过单链交换而不是“一致性剪切”第4节转座1、原核转座子的类型：1、插入序列2、复合转座子3、Tn A家族2．转座机制：1、复制型转座 2、非复制型转座 3、保守转座3、转座中的一般过程1.非复制转座：转座子插入到DNA上新的位点，首先交错切开靶DNA，再将转座子连接到靶DNA的凸出单链上，最后填补空缺完成转座2.非复制转座的断裂和再连接过程3.复制型转座第5节真核生物的转座因子：Ac-Ds系统第6章转录和转录后加工第1节 RNA聚合酶up, and members cadres shoe vocational due diligence combined up, ensure successfully completed early determine of the target task, ensure successfully completed levels leadership general task, ensure successfully completed poverty storming annual target task, ensure social overall harmony stable. Three, compacting the main responsibilities and strengthen the "two" leadership of educational organizations do a good job "two" education without a strong organization and leadership. Party construction of party organizations at all levels should firmly establish the main consciousness, grasping party building as the first responsibility, strengthen leadership, demonstrable, scientific to ensure solid education effectively. First, the layers of responsibility. Party committees (leading party group) to study education as a major political task, primary responsibility for effective implementation, strengthen leadership, carefully guiding the Steering, do a good job overall, study and solve problems in a timely manner. Progress evaluation by the grass-roots party building this year, to study education as the primary evaluation organizations, poor organization, the problems are many, to criticize, to accountability. Main is responsible for comrade to consciously bear up first responsibility people duties, not only to tube good cadres, and with good team, also to tube good members, and with good team, both first examples, lead participate in learning education, and by Qian command, input enough of time and energy, strengthened Guide and checks role, on work programme personally validation, on important task personally deployment, on exists problem timely solution, throughout put responsibility carry in shoulder Shang, improper "shuaishouzhanggui". The County party Committee and municipal party Committee municipal workers, Various enterprises and institutions, Commission, party committees and departments in charge of industry practice, develop specific implementation plan, organizing special forces responsible for educational work to strengthen this unit to the system study and education in the region specific guidance. Organization departments, as the lead department, to strengthen the planning, organization, coordination and guidance, good design, decomposition, each key action to implement. Carry out study and education, to rely on strict doc real guide, pressure conveying layer upon layer, step by step, compaction of responsibility. In steering the Steering must prevent formalism, catch the way the thinking of prevention activities, study and education, preventing routine aside, prevent simple, doing as much as meeting notes to judge the educational results. To take reports, customized research, attending the meeting, random spot checks, briefings and other means, to focus the push Guide to grassroots, on the party branch, in-depth understanding of education and actual effect, sum up fresh experience to promote grass roots, to detect and correct the signs of problems. Public information一、RNA合成的基本特征：-RNA的前体:ATP，GTP，CTP，UTP-RNA合成的方向:5’→3’-RNA聚合酶能起始一条新链的合成，起始核苷酸一般是嘌呤核苷三磷酸（pppA或 pppG）-RNA聚合酶以单链为模板，一个NTP的3’-OH和另一个NTP的5’-P反应，去掉焦磷酸，形成磷酸酯键2、原核生物的RNA聚合酶1、RNA聚合酶的组成2、σ亚基三、真核生物的RNA聚合酶第二节启动子一、原核生物启动子：1、-10序列 2、-35序列 3、CAP位点 4、葡萄糖效应二、真核生物启动子和转录因子：真核生物启动子由转录因子而不是RNA聚合酶识别1.RNA聚合酶I启动子1) 核心启动子序列2) 上游启动子序列3) RNA聚合酶I需要两类转录因子参与作用2. RNA聚合酶III启动子1) 5SrRNA和tRNA基因为内在启动子，位于转录单位内部2) 核内小RNA(snRNA)基因的启动子位于转录起始位点上游(type 3)3) RNA聚合酶III的转录因子3.RNA聚合酶II的启动子1）核心启动子的成分：主要决定转录起始点的位置 2）上游启动子元件：控制转录起始频率3) RNA聚合酶II的转录因子4. TBP是三种RNA聚合酶通用的转录因子 1) TBP与DNA小沟结合，形成一个马鞍形结构2) TBP的结合使DNA弯曲约80°第3节转录的起始、延伸和终止一、起始:1）起始识别：RNA聚合酶与启动子结合形成封闭的启动子复合物，识别位点在-35处；2）活化：-10区域形成形成开放的启动子复合物，解开双链；3）形成三元起始复合物，开始转录。
