现代语言学名词解释
现代语言学名词解释
一 绪论
1 Linguistics 语言学:Linguistics is generally defined as the
scientic study of language
2 Phonetics语音学 : The study of sounds which are used in
linguistics communication is called phonetics. For example,
vowels and consonants
3 Phonology语音体系 : The study of how sounds are put
together and used in communication is called phonology. For
example, phone, phoneme, and allophone.
4 Morphology形态学 :The study of the way in which
morphemes are arranged to form words is called morphology.
For example, boy and “ish”---boyish, teach---teacher.
5 Syntax句法 : The study of how morphemes and words are
combined to form sentences is called syntax. For example, ”John
like linguistics.”
6 Semantics词义学: The study of meaning in language is
called semantics. For example: The seal could not be found. The
zoo keeper became worried.” The seal could not be found, The
英语语言学名词
-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1 现代语言学
一 绪论
1 Linguisitics: 语言学 Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language
2 Phonetics: 语音学 The study of sounds which are used in linguistics communication is
called phonetics. For example, vowels and consonants 元音、辅音、声调、重音以及节奏、音变
3 Phonology: 音韵学The study of how sounds are put together and used in
communication is called phonology. For example, phone, phoneme, and allophone.
4 Morphology: 形态学The study of the way in which morphemes are arranged to form
words is called morphology. For example, boy and “ish”---boyish, teach---teacher.
5 Syntax: 句法学 The study of how morphemes and words are combined to form
sentences is called syntax. For example, ”John like linguistics.”
6 Semantics: 语义学The study of meaning in language is called semantics. For example:
ChapteroneIntroduction
1.1什么是语言学
语言学Linguistics
Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.
scopeoflinguistics语言学分支必考P2
普通语言学GeneralLinguistics
ThestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalledGenerallinguistics.
Thestudyofsounds,whichareusedinlinguisticcommunication,iscalledphonetics.（语音学）
Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedincommunicationiscalledphonology.（音位学）
Thestudyofthewayinwhichmorphemesarearrangedtoformwordsarecalledmorphology.（形态学）
Thestudyofhowmorphemesandwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesiscalledsyntax（句法学）
Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageiscalledsemantics.（语义学）
Thestudyofmeaningincontextofuseiscalledpragmatics.（语用学）
1.1.3Someimportantdistinctionsinlinguistics成对的概念辨析差异必考P3
（1）Prescriptiveanddescriptive规定与描写
Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobedescriptive,ifitaimstolaydownrulestotellpeoplewhattheyshouldsayandwhattheyshouldnotsay,itissaidtobeprescriptive.
- 1 -
Organs of speech
Upper/lower teeth
Upper/lower lip
Alveolar ridge
Soft palate
Hard palate
Mouth cavity
Pharynx cavity
Nasal cavity
Vocal cords
Pronunciation: The Vowels of English
Front vowels
There are four front vowels: /i:/, /i/, /e/ and / æ /. For all of them the tip of the
tongue is pressed against the lower teeth. The front part of the tongue is raised
at varying degrees. There is no lip-rounding; lips are spread or kept neutral.
/i:/ The front of the tongue nearly touches the front part of the hard palate, and
the muscles of the tongue and cheeks are tense. The lips are drawn back in a
“smile” and a long voiced sound is produced. Cheese. Freeze!
/i/ The general position of the tongue resembles that of /i:/, but the front of the
tongue is lower and drawn back a little. The lips are loosely spread and the
