2021年高考英语易错知识点

2021年高考英语易错知识点

I 虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的易错点。

① if my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me

from going.

② if you had studied hard at school, you would be a college student now.

句子①②都是虚拟语气在条件句中的使用，从句中都是假设过去的情况，所以用过去完成时，但在主句中，句①依然指代过去的情况，谓语动词是would have done，而②中含有一个表示现在的时间状语now, 这样就必须将其理解为假设现在的情况，所以谓语动词必须为would/should/might+动词原形，学生在这一点上经常会忽略now的存在，从而按句①的形式填写答案。

Ⅱ虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法

1.在it is important strange, natural, necessary……+that 句子或者It is

decided ordered, suggested, demanded, advised……+that句子中，主语从句中的谓语动词常用should+动词原形结构，表示某事“重要”、“必要”、“被决定”等

例如：① it is important that everyone should obey the rules all day and

all night.

② it is decided that the meeting should be held tomorrow afternoon.

2. suggest, insist 后面指宾语从句时需注意的地方

1①suggest 当“建议”“提出”讲时，其后宾语从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”

例如：He suggested that the work should be started at once 他建议立即动工。

类似的动词还有insist坚持，demand要求，desire要求、请求，request请求，require要求、需要，order命令，propose建议，command命令，ask要求，advise建议，prefer宁愿等。

这些动词变被动语态如：It is suggested + that主语从句形式后，主语从句谓语动词仍用“should+动词原形”

这些动词变名词如suggestion后，其后的表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语部分仍用“should+动词原形”

②suggest 当“提出某看法，暗示，启发”讲时，其后宾语从句的动词不用虚拟语气。 例如：1The police suggested that the thief might be one of the family

member

警察局提出窃贼可能是一名家庭成员。

2Her yawns suggests that she is sleepy. 她打哈欠表明她困了。

3Although he didn’t suggest that we __ the decision to swim across the

river, but his look suggested that our decision __wrong.虽然他没提出我们应该终止游过这条河的决定，但他的表情表明我们的决定是错误的。

A：stop; was B: should stop; be C: stopped ;was D: stopped; should be

在这个句子中，前一个suggest当“建议”“提出”讲，而后一个作“表明”讲，所以答案为“A”

2①insist作“坚决要求…该…;坚持认为…定要…”讲时，其后宾语从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”

例如：I insisted that you should be there on time.我坚持认为你应该准时到那里去

②insist 作“坚持意见，看法;坚持说，确信”讲时，其后从句不用虚拟语气。

例如：He suggested that he heard someone in the next room. 他坚持说他听到隔壁屋子里有人。

五.反意疑问句中的易错点

1.在一般疑问句中，无论肯定的问或是否定的问，如果回答为肯定则用yes，反之则用no.特别注意如果出现省略则看下文所暗示的意义。

①—Are you a new comer?

—Yes, I came here only yesterday.

②—Isn’t Tom a good student?

—Yes, he is excellent.

③—Don’t you think the composition good?

—No, It can’t be any worse.

注意：在②③句中，当回答的意思与问句相一致时，则用No，译为“是的”，当回答的意思与问句相反时，则用Yes，译为“不” 2.情态动词must

① I must leave now, mustn’t I ?

② He must be in the classroom, isn’t ?表推测

③ He must have finished his homework, hasn’t he ? 表现在的结果

④ He must have finished his homework yesterday afternoon,didn’t he? 表过去

当句子中有表示猜测的情态动词时，其反意疑问句的构成不能再用原句中的情态动词，而应根据原句在去掉情态动词的情况下的主谓关系来确定其反问形式。

六、非谓语动词中的易错点

非谓语与其逻辑主语即动作的执行者或承受者之间有三种关系，如为主谓关系，则用现在分词或不定式的主动式;如为被动关系则用过去分词、现在分词的被动强调动作正在进行或不定式的被动式动作将进行;如既无主动也无被动关系则只能用状语从句或独立主格结构即非谓语加上自己的逻辑主语。

Judging/considering/genrally speaking/supposing 指说话者的动作，故只用主动式。如：

Having been ill in bed for nearly a month , he had a hard time passing the

exam.

解析：从这个句子可以看出，句词的逻辑主语与句子的主语he一致，并且是主谓关系，所以用了现在的分词作状语，同时，分词的动作明显地发生在句子的谓语动词动作之前，故采用了现代分词的完成式。

In order to improve English , ________.

A. Jenny’s father bought her a lot of tapes.

B. Jenny’s father bought a lot of tapes for herself.

C. A lot of tapes were bought by Jenny.

D. A lot of tapes were bought by Jenny father.

解析：根据不定式短语我们可以推知，句子的逻辑主语应该是人而不是物，所以，应该排除CD，再就是应该是Jenny提高自己的英语，而不是她爸爸，故答案先B.

———，we decided to go out for a walk. A. It is fine B. It fine C. Being fine D.It being fine

解析：主句主语we与动词短语be fine之间既无主动关系与无被动关系，所以要加上自己的逻辑主语It，由于不存在主、被动关系，故不能选C项，而应该选D 项。

————more attention, the trees could have grown better.

一 that引导的定语从句与同位语从句

定语从句与前面的的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系，“……的名词”，而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表示事实或概念的抽象名词，如fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。That在定语从句中必须作成分，可用which或who/whom代替，而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。如：

①Along with the letter was his promise that he would visit me this coming

Christmas. ②Do you still remember the chicken farm that we visited three

months ago.

解析：在句①中，that引导同位语从句解释说明promise的内容，that不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用，而在句②中，that在其引导的定语从句中作动词visited的宾语，对先行词the chicken farm起修饰作用。

感悟：学生之所以在这一点上容易出错，主要还是因为对定语从句的理解不够深刻，分辨不出that在从句中是否充当了句子成分，因此，还需在句子分析上下功夫，并且搞清何谓同位语从句。

二 名词性从句中，关于it作形式主语和形式宾语的易错点

1. 名词性从句作主语或宾语时，为保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主语或形式宾语。如：

It’s a pity that he don’t come to give a speech.形式主语

We think it possible that you can finish the job today.形式宾语

2谓语动词 appreciate, dislike, hate, like, love, make等接由if或when 引导的宾语从句时往往在从句前加上形式宾语it. 例如：I would appreciate it if you

could come to my birthday party.

3动词hare, take, hide, punish, put等,后接由that 引导的病因从句式，往往在从句前加形式宾语it.

例如：① I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon.

② we punished it that we had finished the project ahead of time.