技术+环境1. A long-distance flight consumes the same amount of fuel as a car does in several years' time and causes the same amount of environmental damage. Some people think that we should discourage non-essential flights such as tourist air travel instead of limiting the use of cars. To what extent do you agree or disagree?1. Prohibit non-essential flights/ long-distance●Fuel:Even if some emergent documents and particular goods like tropical fruits demand immediate delivery, it is unnecessary for most of the products to be sent by flight. Otherwise, fuel, one of the irreplaceable resources, will be exhausted. Thus, the government should encourage the use of environmentally- friendly cars, or other sort of automobiles for transportation.●Damage:From the perspective of environmental pollution, residents nearby will be interrupted by the great noise from airplane. Meanwhile, …2. support use of cars●Fuel:Not every vehicle uses fuel, and factually double-deckers applying electricity generated by solar power exist in daily life. Therefore, the public should encourage/ vote for cars far from fuel for the protection of people’s health and the ozone atmosphere.●Damage:Without consideration of the fact that most of the cars will produce exhausted air, the pollution they bring is less harmful than that caused by flight.3. Conclusion:●Technology: less energy consumption/ raise the efficiency of energy using= relieve pressureto environment●Air Corporation: rearrange the line, changing the long-distance lines into short distance onesor lines using various forms of transport.●Government: provide financial support to citizens buying fuel for their cars and factoriesmaking research on cars using renewable resources.技术对比Early technological developments helped ordinary people and change their lives more than recent technological developments. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Recent Technology: (steam + electricity + internet/computer)涉及利弊的思考角度：自身属性／与其他结合Computer: 网络通讯类与受众结合对学生好处：speed/ feedback (non-judgmental/ immediate)1) Accommodate individual differences in learning speed because the user is the one controllingthe pace of lessons.2) non-judgmentaljudgmental 会怎么样？Non-judgmental 又会怎么样？学生不会害怕因为犯错误而受到责怪或惩罚。
即使同一课看很多遍，同一个练习做很多次，电脑也不会给出带主观评判色彩的评价，因此学生可以没有压力的学习。
Computer is nonjudgmental, the learner does not have to be afraid of punishment or blame when making errors. For instance, repeating lessons over and over, the computer would never give a judgmental response about the learners’ ability, thus they can study in a stress-free atmosphere.3) Immediate:A third advantage is that a computer gives immediate feedback by telling why he or she iswrong as soon as the error is made, or even providing some hints for appropriate answers.对老师：1) Preparation of instructional materials2) Format of exercise (mathematical problem/ vocabulary list)3) Classroom management4) Keep the learning recordsSolar energy: 新能源类（节能环保等）从本身属性来说1) Convenience in buying and installation the solar equipment2) Inexpensive thus affordable for average-size family3) Save-the-environment to produce more power driving industry’s growth into next century4) Portable allowing the panels to be integrated into car and other building designMicro-mechanism: 机械类与其他行业结合1) 医学：Devices allowing doctors to go inside the human body to identify health problems or toperform delicate surgery2) 工业：A revolution permitting physicians to actually build miniature (微缩图) similar to theoriginal3) 自然科学：A way to identify the animal species located deep in the sea技术的弊端：不同行业的分类1) the risk of cancer caused by the inhalation of toxic gas2) the possibility of large-scale industrial accidents3) the ethical issue and ecological crisis raised by life-prolonging and organ-transplant fromclone technology4) the ever-present threat from nuclear weaponsIn spite of the fact that scientific discoveries and technological advances have produced tremendous improvements in the quality of human life, they often have negative effects as well. The risk of cancer caused by the inhalation of toxic gas, the possibility of large-scale industrial accidents, the ethical issue raised by life-prolonging and organ-transplant from clone technology, and the ever-present threat from nuclear weapons are as much a part of modernity as the advantages brought by computer, renewable energy and micro machines.技术对生活速度的影响The pace of life is speeding up in many areas. We travel and communicate faster and eat more fast food. Some people think this trend has negative effects at all levels —individual, national and global. To what extent do you agree or disagree?交通技术+贸易的利弊As global trade increases between countries, more daily necessities are produced in other countries. Such goods are transported over long distances. Do the advantages of this trend outweigh its disadvantages?Ad: consumers/ manufacturersCost: salary/ – profits enough to cover the fees for transportationraw materials/ - geographic/ regional differnecse.g.:USA/ made in Indonesia & VietnamMinerals: Diamonds/ iron/ fuelDis:Conclusion: side-effects教育批判思维2. Some people think that students should be encouraged to evaluate and criticize their teachers.Others believe that will result in a loss of respect and discipline in the classroom. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.Should:Evaluate 的好处Teachers: authority as professors are in various disciplines, evaluation from students can enhance their awareness to update knowledge and improving teaching skills since teaching and research should be exposed to a more dynamic and vigorous/open atmosphere. For instance, without the students’ feedback in forms of questionnaires, faculty tend to be involved in their own teaching plan, which runs counter to the spirit of students first and therefore reduces efficiency in class.Students:Only students concerned with what teachers teach in class can give proper and constructive evaluation, which in turn helps teachers to better cater for their needs in knowledge acquisition. In addition, there are many ways for criticism and evaluation to occur, say, debate, office hour and seminar. Under these occasions, the face-to-face communication and straightforward advice enable students and teachers to be bound up with each other, which, admitted or not, shortens the gap between the counterparts and benefits students greatly.Discipline 并不会因为怀疑受到挑战Discipline and respect in class will just be challenged by the dictatorship of professors other than students’ good-willed advice and loyal evaluation. School is a place attaching priority to truth. Students active in doubting authority, factually, show the respect to truth itself and teachers sinceteachers, to some extent, act as the deliverer of knowledge. Assuming that the theories transferred are incorrect and nobody proposes suspension to teachers, the problems will be handed down from generation to generation.图书馆和书3. The main purpose of public libraries is to provide books. They should not waste their limitedresources and space on providing high-tech media such as computer software, videos and DVDs. To what extent do you agree or disagree?有限的空间为书：●传统的阅读方式，很多人都习惯Reading public libraries have turned into a life style deeply embedded into the mind of certain groups, such as the senior citizens.●电脑本身的局限Public libraries are the No.1 choice for students after school, from children in kindergarten to teenagers in secondary school. With poor ability of self-restraint, they are easily tempted by the computer games in libraries other than books there. So, in order to secure the atmosphere for learning, multi-media equipment should be strictly controlled. In addition, high-tech media are much more easily affected by virus, which means more efforts to be devoted to the maintenance and repair work and thus waste of resources.●书的不可复制性As for some invaluable books dating back to years ago, library serves as an ideal place reserving them since the old-fashioned style, the wrinkles on each page, and the traditional method of printing reveal their historical value, which is impossible to be displayed or replaced by any computer software.有限的空间为其他媒体●信息传递快捷有效●信息的储存量大义工：4. It is suggested that all secondary-school students should be required to do unpaid work in their free time to help the local community. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Should:●Voluntary work, proves to be a way purifying, refreshing and refilling one’s sprit. (老弱病残) ●Improve living quality indeed for those badly in need of help.●Advocate a sense of mutual respect and altruism other than hyper-materialism (利他主义) Shouldn’t:●lack of time supposed to be used for fun and leisure●burden from study文化：多样化与发展4. A society becomes more interesting and develops more quickly if it is made up of a widevariety of ethnic groups. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Agree:●Funny: language/ dwelling/ customs/ dietary●Quickly: tolerant + cooperative+ distinctiveDisagree:●Conflicts: religion/ fight for resources – retarding/hysteretic语言创新5. Some people think that we should create a new language for international communication. To what extent do you agree or disagree?●Possibility-advantages:Mutual understanding-no gap/ bad results from the differences of language systems, such as Chinese and English, namely featured by characters and letters; (具体在一些领域的方便)●Impossibility-obstacles:✓Factors affecting the creation of a new language: lifestyle, history, custom, aesthetic function, organs for pronunciation, etc.The possibility of the popularity of certain languages is greatly restricted by manyfactors, say, the organs for pronunciation and the recognition of the symbolic meaningsof characters. For instance, even if English is an official language universally used ininternational communication, still the dialects hinder interpreters a lot in comprehension,like the Indian English with strong stress in and deliberate omission of certain letters ✓Level of Acceptance学习语言+文化6.In order to learn a foreign language well, students should also learn about the culture and lifestyles of the people who speak the language. Do you agree or disagree?审美+功能7.It is more important for a building to look good than to serve a purpose. Architects should not worry about designing buildings as works of art. Do you agree or disagree?政府领导人5. Throughout history, male leaders have led us to violence and conflict. If a society is governedby female leaders, it will be more peaceful. To what extent do you agree or disagree?税收6. Some people think that they should keep all the money they have earned and should not paytax to the state. Do you agree or disagree?体育和政府7. Some people think that national sports teams and athletes who represent their countries shouldbe financially supported by the government. However, others argue that they should be fundedby non-government sources. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.健康和政府8. Good health is a basic human need. Some people think that medical services should be run bythe government rather than by profit-making companies. Do you agree or disagree? Significance of Healthy life style:Purpose: prevent illness + extend life span+ living quality + cut down the cost for medical care (otherwise occupation of public resources)Content: job+ exercises+ diet+ sleep+ interpersonal relationshipjob: exhausted/ over-loaded/ work overtimediet: obesity/ vegetarianexercises: bronchitis/ diabetes (excuses: lack of time)sleep: different sleeping patterns because of jobsrelationship: high level of contentment- social network - associationeasygoing/ indifferent gregarious/ isolated self-confident/ self-abased (inferior to others)(outings/ hiking/ expedition club)Significance of support from government 强调政府的公益性质Illness unpreventable:1) External: environment/ pollution inductive to fateful diseases like cancer2) Internal: genetic heredity/ emotional trauma/ agingEven if …, genetic cause (inherent/ inborn/ innate defects)…, so treatment生病的人毕竟是少数，比如老年人，他们生病仅仅是因为年龄增大所带来的一些慢性病。
