备战2019高考英语 名词提升练习(含解析)

考前冲刺卷(四)第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

AChester is one of the best cities in the UK.As soon as you arrive in Chester you will appreciate the city’s unique atmosphere and sense of history.Founded by the Romans over 2,000 years ago，much of the Roman influence remains and Chester’s city walls are the most complete in Britain.c-o/mbined with history and heritage(遗产)，Chester is a dynamic city full of bars，pubs，clubs，hotels and restaurants for you to discover，tempting you to visit again and again.Travelling to Chester?Chester is easily accessible by many means of transport—whether you are travelling by rail，car，bus or plane.Please check our route planner below to help you plan your journey to Chester.Once you arrive in the city there are numerous car parks；however，during rush hours the easiest way to travel in Chester city centre is via park and ride facilities，which are parking lots with public transportation.Hotels?From bed & breakfasts to the luxury of Chester’s only five star hotel，Chester has all covered.Whether your trip is for business or pleasure，your room is just a click away!Sightseeing and Tours?One of the best ways to see Chester is by a guided tour and you have a variety to choose from.Whether you choose the traditional guided walk，to be guided around Chester’s historical landmarks by bus or to take a boat down the River Dee，you will sure enjoy the delights of Chester.1．What can we know about Chester from the first paragraph?A．It is a newly-built city.B．It is the best city in the UK.C．It is rich in the deep culture and modern touch.D．Many of its city walls were completed by British people.答案 C解+析推理判断题。

专题07 名词性从句易错点1 主语从句中连接词的误用【2018·天津】The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle race.A. whomeverB. whereverC. whoeverD. whatever【错因分析】主语从句中，有些学生容易分不清连接词在从句中所作的成分或其意义而误选其他答案。

【正确答案】C作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。

主语从句通常由下列词引导：1. 从属连词that，whether，if等；2. 连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever，whom 等；3. 连接副词how，when，where，why 等。

that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义，又起连接作用，在从句中充当句子成分。

☛What caused the accident is a complete mystery. 是什么导致该事故完全是个谜。

☛Whoever comes to the party will receive a present. 所有参加晚会的人都将收到一份礼物。

【特别注意】有时候会用it作形式主语，连接词引导的从句才是真正的主语。

1. (2016·北京)Your support is important to our work. ____________ you can do helps.A. HoweverB. WhoeverC. WhateverD. Wherever【答案】C【解析】helps是谓语，＂____________ you can do＂是主语部分，即主语从句，在主语从句中，do后缺少宾语，表示＂任何事情＂，因此用whatever引导，故选C。

2. matters most in learning English is enough practice.A.WhatB.WhyC.WhereD.Which【答案】A【解析】本题考查主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示＂……的东西＂，所以A项正确。

非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。

非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。

解答非谓语动词的题目时，一定要解析句子结构，确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补)；找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动)；搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。

非谓语题的解题总方法如下：1. 先看四个答案：如果四个答案分别为动词原形、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等情况，那么这个题多半是非谓语动词题。

2. 看符号：中间有个逗号，末尾有个句号（有时中间没有逗号）；3. 看有没有连接词（引导词）。

如果用逗号隔开的两个部分都没有连接词的话，一部分是句子时，那么另一部分就一定是非句子，而非句子里的动词就是非谓语动词。

4. 定语态：如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的主谓关系，那么答案一般用现在分词；如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的动宾关系（被动关系），那么答案一般用过去分词。

5. 定时态：如果非谓语的动作比谓语先（或先很久）发生，那么非谓语动词要用完成式（to have done/to havebeen done/ having done/ Having been done），否则我们要用非谓语的一般式（to do / to be done / doing / beingdone / done）。

考点1 非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语一、动名词和不定式作主语动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it 作形式主语放在句首。

▶Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here. (抽象)▶It is not very good for you to smoke so much. (具体)注意：①如果表语是不定式，主语也是不定式；表语是动名词，主语也是动名词。

如：▶To see is to believe.＝Seeing is believing.②常用动名词作主语的句型：▶It’s no use complaining without taking action.不采取行动只是抱怨是没有用的。

考点 1 冠词冠词是历年高考的必考点，对于冠词的考查主要集中在冠词的基本用法和习惯用法，高考中常见的考点如下：①冠词的泛指、特指②在形容词和副词比较等级前的用法③固定搭配④ a 和an的区别（2017新增）预计2019年的高考仍然会以考查冠词在具体语境中的正确使用为主，以语篇型语法填空和短文改错的形式出现，它可能把冠词的各种用法结合名词一起进行考查。

考向1 不定冠词1. 与可数名词单数连用, 表示类别，泛指一类人或事物。

☞—I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over the keyboard.—You shouldn’t put drinks near a computer.2. 用来表示不确定的某一个, 相当于a certain。

☞—Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?—Sorry, wrong number. There isn’t a Mr. Smith here.3.用于数量、时间等名词前, 表示＂每一（单位）的……＂。

☞I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier on Saturdays.4. 在抽象名词、物质名词前(特别是这两种名词有定语修饰时)用不定冠词，使之意义具体化，表示＂一种＂、＂一件＂、＂一份＂等。

☞It is an honour for me to be invited to the party.我被邀请参加聚会是一种荣誉。

(honour是抽象名词，an honour指一件荣誉的事)5. 不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序，而表示＂再一，又一＂。

☞She didn’t like the color of the two bags and asked for a third one.她不喜欢这两个包的颜色，又要了一个。

1. （2018·新课标II卷·短文改错）As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me.【答案】the改为a【解析】考查冠词。

2019 年高考英语语法必考考点（ 1）：名词含分析【考点解读】研究最近几年来高考题我们不难看出，名词部分主要观察名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数( 可数与不行数、单数与复数 ) 、名词的所有格、抽象名词的详细化、物质名词的量化、词性变换、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。

在高考试题中，名词常联合其余项目一同观察，观察题型以短文改错、完形填空、语篇中的名词词义理解、单项选择、及写作部分等。

对名词的观察一般放在名词词义辨析（特别是同义词和近义词的辨析）、名词的习习用法、一词多义、抽象名词详细化、词性变换、名词动用等方面。

1、对同义词、近义词的观察如： At the meeting they discussed three different _______ to the study of mathematics.A. approachesB. meansC. methodsD. ways【答案】 D。

【分析】在会议上他们议论了三种不一样的学习数学的方法。

way 意为“方式，方法”，可指详细的方法，也可指抽象的方法，多指一般的思想、行动、做事的方法，也可指个人特别的方式、方法。

approach意为“接近，凑近，方式，方法”，指凑近某人或某事，也可指对待或办理事情的方式或方法。

mean意为“方式，方法”，用于抽象意义，可指为达到某一目的而采纳的方法、计划、政策、策略等，尤指整套方法; 用于详细意义，常指为达到某一目的所使用的工具、资料、机器、器具、车船等。

method 意为“方式，方法”，指详细的、系统的、有步骤的方法，重申条理性及高效率。

【点睛】面对英语学习中的大批近义词，仅凭母语我们常常没法把它们真实理解和解说清楚。

要尽可能地多翻阅英语字典，注意并比较它们的基本意，用英语的思想方式和语言来解说和理解它们。

2、对相像词的观察如： Always read the _______ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.A. explanationsB. instructionsC. descriptionsD. introductions【答案】 B。

专题限时训练(一) [名词](限时：15分钟)1. The badly wounded in Lushan earthquake would take________for medical attention over those who were slightly hurt.A. promotionB. propertyC. proposalD. priority2. The house has many interesting________. The one I like best is a large Victorian fireplace.A. aspectsB. appearancesC. featuresD. preferences3. Mail order is a ________for buyers who are too busy to shop.A. considerationB. curiosityC. convenienceD. capacity4. Confidence is more than just an attitude; it comes from a strong commitment to take________，rather than just let life happen.A. considerationB. effect;C. responsibility D. account5. If the housing bubble continues to expand at the same speed it has done in the past decade, the ________ will be destructive when it bursts.A. commitmentsB. complaintsC. communitiesD. consequences6. According to those experts, there is already clear________to indicate that the falling temperature of this spring is indirectly affected by the global warming.A. witnessB. evidenceC. identityD. a ssumption7. Because of the continuous bad weather, the building work of the bridge over the Yangtze River is far behind ________.A. regulationB. procedureC. scheduleD. campaign8. Beyonce, a leading________in the music industry, gave birth to her daughter on Saturday.A．statue B．figure;C．brand D．attraction9. The south of France has positive________for me as I used to holiday there with my grandparents and cousins as a child.A．association B．complimentC．promotion D．consequence10. A suitable ________ to the engine of his sec ond­hand car was made to improve its working condition.A．achievement B．admission;C．assessment D．adjustment11. In the near future, more ________ in the spa ce technology will be made by scientists, which are playing a more and more important part in our daily life.A. advantagesB. adventuresC. advancesD. advertisements12. Nowadays, a growing group of dieters are trying extreme calorie ________ for a long life byeating less food.A．reservation B．restrictionC．distinction D．discrimination13. Government should adopt laws that would ban advertising and other types of ________ of tobacco products.A．delivery B．spread;C．promotion D．discount14. Plenty of ________ has been paid by the government to safety issues of the children on school buses.A. concentrationB. attentionC. influenceD. attraction15. The exciting news that Mo Yan won the 2018 Nobel Prize in Literature renewed people's enthusiasm towards literature, which is a great ________ to the development of Chinese literature.A．motivation B．contributionC．significance D．devotion16. David got promoted in three months, for his boss realized that he was a man of considerable ________ .A．confidence B．competenceC．independence D．tolerance17. Greg's ________ to be critical made him unpopular with his co­workers, so he couldn't choose but be an indoorsman.A. willingnessB. tendencyC. expectationD. promise18. When you decide to start a family, you make a(n)________to them. You shouldn't turn your back on the people who love you.A．contribution B．commitmentC．devotion D．effort19. He had only a limited________with Russian literature. No wonder your lecture was beyond his comprehension.A. commandB. agreementC. achievementD. acquaintance20. It is reported that the government is considering removing a ________on immigration from other countries into its countr y.A．reservation B．restrictionC．qualification D．preservation专题限时训练(一)1．D 句意：与受轻伤的人相比，那些在庐山地震中受伤严重的人将会优先得到医疗救助。

2019备战高考英语：名词提升练习（含解析）李仕才一、单选题1.—Could you tell me the____ of making such tasty cakes?—Well, I just follow the directons in the cookbook.A. featureB. planC. costD. trick2.In a(n) to help preserve history, the Greek government established a committee to undertake the professional restoration of the Acropolis.A. orderB. purposeC. aimD. attempt3."China Daily", whose editorial office is in Beijing, also has __________ in all major cities in China.A. branchesB. companiesC. organizationsD. businesses4.If there is a(n) of something, for example, a machine or part of the body, it goes wrong and stops working.A. failureB. accidentC. damageD. error5.Claire knew that Gladys thought she was having an .A. affairB. assistantC. aspectD. attraction6.—Paul has gone abroad to try his luck. —In my________ , his decision is not wise.A. wordB. viewC. sightD. way7.—He tried his best to make the________of the famous professor and persuaded him to be his tutor.—May he succeed.A. decisionB. functionC. acquaintanceD. friends8.He did not feel the need to say compliments, since he believed one should be confident within his heart.A. wishesB. complaintsC. apologiesD. praises9.When I came back home, I wrote him a letter to show my ________ of his thoughtfulness.A. appreciationB. agreementC. attentionD. achievementst year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000,a(n)______of 40,000 per year.A. averageB. numberC. amountD. quantity11.In order to _______ a good knowledge of English, he gave up his job and went to study in an English school.A. requireB. inquireC. acquireD. address12.Always read the________on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.A. explanationsB. instructionsC. descriptionsD. introductions13.What it is to have exciting game in the afternoon after school！A. a fun; aB. a fun; anC. fun;an D. fun; a14.On the top of this mountain, you can get a wonderful of the nearby hills.A.viewB.sightC.lookD.scene15.“I don't think it's my ________ that the window suddenly broke. I just opened it, that's all,”said the boy in tears.A. errorB. faultC. mistakeD. duty16.Now that the banks are back on their feet, we expect extraordinary ________ fromthem to help rebuild the economy.A. commitmentB. appointmentC. instrument D . requirement17.This book contains a ________ of several articles in nuclear physics so you can read it before you read the book in detail.A. digestB. digestionC. previewD. manual18.My doctor says I need an operation, but I've asked a second ________.A. roleB. concernC. opinionD. request19.The teacher ____________ the exam marks on the wall so that the students could see them. Actually, I didn't quite like this ____________, though I was among the top students.A. put up; practiceB. put on; improvementC. take down; performanceD. take off; scene20.She enjoyed the excitement of her work. Money was not her only _____________.A. breakthroughB. performanceC. careerD. motivation21.Beijing has built many sports centres, and they have the latest __________.A. equipmentsB. facilitiesC. advantagesD. souvenirs22.Over years，scientists have made a great________in the treatment of cancer.A. break­inB. breakthroughC. break­up D. breakdown23.The medicine should usually be kept out of the ________ of children at home.A. distanceB. reachC. limitD. arrival24.T ony said that she must feel very unhappy to say that. Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered by a robot.A. scissorsB. sectionC. skinD. sympathy二、语法填空25.Living on her own in a foreign country for a year gave her a lot of ________ (confident).26.A large________of money was spent on the bridge.27.We will try to make ________ with those students who are in need of books in the Mountainous area.28.“This is a matter of ________ (important) and it cannot be settled carelessly,”the manager said.29.Chinese athletes have made many important________(contribute) to the Olympic Games.30.There are a number of________(艺术馆) in the district.31.The actor was dressed in funny clothes, much to the ________ (entertain) of the audience.32.Some day in the future, I'll make the ________ (explore) of the surface of the Moon.33.It will certainly be of great help to Tom, if there is a good environment, enough books and ________ (equip), as well as instruction from his teachers and friends.34.Are you available this afternoon to talk with me about rights and ________.(free)35.The plan will be submitted to the committee for official ________ (approve).36.We paid a visit to Guilin, whose beauty was beyond ________ (describe)．37.There are ________ (various) of books on the Internet.38.Several people witnessed the attack, but no one came to her ________(defend).39.He made an ________ (apologize) to his mother for telling a lie.答案解析部分一、单选题1.【答案】D【考点】名词【解析】【分析】句意：——你能告诉我做如此美味蛋糕的诀窍吗？——好吧，我就是按照烹饪书上的说明做的。

【命题解读】1.了解名词性从句的基本用法，掌握名词性从句的引导词及引导词在名词性从句中的作用，辨析that与what,if与whether等引导词的用法。

2.明确it作形式主语和形式宾语、代替主语从句及宾语从句的用法，及其与强调句的区别。

3.区分that引导的同位语从句及定语从句。

【命题预测】预计2018年高考对名词性从句的考查仍然不会单纯地考查其语法结构，而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。

【复习建议】1. 掌握宾语从句的用法；2. 了解同位语从句的用法；3. 掌握表语从句的用法；4. 掌握主语从句的用法；5. 如何正确选择引导词。

主语从句是在复合句中担任主语的句子。

其特点有：（1）引导词：从属连词that, whether；连接代词who, what, which；whoever, whatever, whichever;连接副词when, where, how和why。

（2）语序：陈述句语序（3）在主语从句中只能用whether,不能用ifThat he will win the match is certain.It is certain that he will win the match.1. 一般来说主语从句都是放在句首，但有时为了使句子保持平衡，避免"头重脚轻",常用it 作形式主语，从而把主语从句放后面。

常以it作形式主语的句型有：①It is＋形容词＋that...☞It is certain that she will do well in her exam．毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。

②It is＋名词词组(no wonder，an honour，a good thing，a pity，no surprise，common knowledge，a surprise，a fact，etc．)＋that...☞It’s a pity that we can’t go．很遗憾我们不能去。

2019备战高考英语专题能力提升练习-非谓语动词（含解析）一、单选题1._______ the classroom for a whole afternoon, the monitor decided to have a rest.A. Having cleanedB. To cleanC. CleanedD. Clean2.—What a surprise to see you cooking! You never did that before.— that I'm grown-up, I want to help my parents do something.A. ConsideringB. ConsideredC. To considerD. Being considered3.The artist is said during the production and thus a pirated video was sold in every part of Kenya.A. to be cheatedB. being cheatedC. to have been cheatedD. having been cheated4.Seeing a stranger with a knife in his hand, the little girl stood under the tree, ________ out of her mind.A. frightenedB. be frightenedC. to be frightenedD. frightening5.The boy, whom I consider ________, cheated in the exam.A.to be honestB.that is honestC.was honestD.being honest6._______to give up smoking, he threw away his cigarettes.A.Determined; remainedB.Determined; remainingC.Determining; remainingD.Determining; remained7.Everything _________ smoothly, more jobs created for people allow them to be independent of others.A. ranB. runsC. runningD. to run8._____________ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.A. KnownB. Having knownC. KnowingD. Being known9.I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.A. lockingB. to lockC. having lockedD. to have locked10.—Is Jay on his way to the cinema?—I regret ______ you that he can't come today.A. to tellB. tellingC. toldD. having told11.The school faced a scandal and student demonstrations after school officials were caught misusing money _________ student aid earlier this year.A. being meant forB. intended forC. had intended forD. having been meant for12.If ________ for an explanation for an advanced camera, I would certainly find it difficult.A. to be askedB. being askedC. askingD. asked13.Elizabeth T aylor, the Hollywood legend died at Cedars-Sinai Hospital _______ by her four children after being taken to hospital six weeks ago with heart failure.A. to be surroundedB. having been surroundedC. surroundedD. surrounding14.Officials from China and France formally promised on Thursday to build a new type of economic partnership, while ________ business cooperation.A. strengthenedB. to strengthenC. strengtheningD. strengthen15.All her time _________ experiments, she has no time for entertainment.A. devoted to doingB. devoted to doC. devoting to doD. is devoted to doing16.The difficulty which we had ______ with the local people has been removed.A. communicationB. communicatedC. communicatingD. to communicate17.Though _______ time, he managed to finish the task on time.A. lackedB. lack ofC. lackingD. lacking for18.In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message within the work.A. to hideB. hiddenC. hidingD. being hidden19.I had great difficulty the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.A. findB. foundC. to findD. finding20.The island, _____ to the mainland by a new bridge, is much easier to visit.A. joiningB. having joinedC. joinedD. to join21.______, I'll go over all these lessons before the exam.A. If time permittedB. Time permittedC. Time permitsD. Time permitting22.Wayne Rooney, a famous football player, regretted being too careless to score the goal, that the same mistake would not be repeated.A. determiningB. having determinedC. to determineD. determined23.The class ________ 80 students is hard to manage.A. consisting ofB. consists ofC. making up ofD. made up24.The judges gave no hint of what they thought, so I left the room really ________.A. to be worriedB. to worryC. having worriedD. worried25.The respectable neurologist committed all his life _________ people with Alzheimer's and finally, he made it to _________ a supporting center for them.A. to help; spring upB. to help; set upC. to helping; spring upD. to helping; set up26._____ how to get along with others is very important in success.A. KnowB. KnownC. Having knownD. Knowing27.On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, __ parents seated together joking.A. whoseB. theirC. whichD. that二、语法填空28.He lived in a town close to the countryside in a ________ (furniture) house.29.While this kind of humor may sound cruel, it usually only works if both the comedian and the audience have affection for or admire the person ________ (make) fun of.30.The shark pushes you with its nose to find out if you are fit________(eat).31.Tricycles are worth________ (use) if you want to explore the narrow alleys (hutong) of old Beijing.32.He is really considering devoting himself to________ (educate) these children of the poor village.33.He always asked challenging questions to everyone he met________ (upset) many people in Athens.34.There are only ten minutes ________ (leave), but there are still ten passengers ________ (wait) to check in.35.Wang Peng could not have Yong Hui________(get) away with telling people lies.36.We should be cautious and use good judgement when ________ (make) decisions about cloning.答案解析部分一、单选题1.【答案】A【考点】分词【解析】【分析】句意：整个下午打扫了教室之后，班长决定休息一下。