白鹭洲中学2020-2021学年高三年级上学期第三次周考

2020-2021学年吉安市白鹭洲中学高三语文三模试题及参考答案一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。

材料一：生态文学在中国发展的时间不长，仍是一个新兴的文学形态。

生态文学作家们努力探索和尝试，让生态文学理念和实践在中国大地扎下根来。

总结当代生态文学创作面貌，主要有以下三方面特质。

报告文学表现突出，多种文学体裁并进。

早期生态文学多采取第一人称叙述视角，文学形式以报告文学和散文居多。

报告文学如徐刚写沙漠化防治的《穿越风沙线》，岳非丘写长江污染防治的《只有一条长江》等，可谓第一人称表达范例。

散文如苇岸写华北大平原上动物、植物及农事活动的《大地上的事情》等，影响深远。

近年来，小说和儿童文学领域也不乏生态文学佳作，带给我们惊喜。

长篇小说周建新写人与海的《老滩》，儿童文学如黑鹤写动物的《银狐》等，都可圈可点。

全面观照生态文明建设各领域进展。

近年来，大气、水、土壤污染防治以及植被保护成效明显，生态文学作家以自觉的使命感和担当精神，关注和思考生态环境问题，热情讴歌和礼赞生态环境保护者。

陈启文《穿越共和盆地》真实记录与反映新中国治沙成就，李云峰《汾河行思录》关注水土保持生态建设，等等。

这些作品涉及生态文明建设多个领域，呼吁人们提高生态环保意识，以更大力度、更多措施开创社会主义生态文明建设新局面。

以与时俱进的生态文明理念为当代文学增添新质。

生态文学特征是什么？通过研究作家创作活动和作品，不难发现，生态文学一个重要特征是突出作家置身自然的体验和感受，或者说，作家对人与自然关系的认识及其体验和感受，这是生态文学的独特之处。

生态文学作家将人类社会与自然生态作为一个整体进行观照，无论记人、叙事、状物、抒情，或是回溯历史、描摹心灵，都能从关注自然生态到走入人类内心，关注人类普遍精神生态。

作家们以人文主义情怀，对人类社会生态问题进行理性深刻的剖析与反省，努力探寻人类走出生态困境的可能出路。

2020-2021学年吉安市白鹭洲中学高三英语月考试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ABook reading is certainly one of the most absorbing habits. For young adults who love to read, finding some good books to read is very essential. Writing a book review can help you to improve your language and writing skills.The Book ThiefListed onThe New York Times Children’s Best Seller List for over 100 weeks, The Book Thief by Markus Zusak is the story of a young girl in the Nazi camps set during World War II. So, if you love history and wish to learn how the life was during Adolf Hitler’s time, read this historic book.The Diary of Young GirlEven Anne Frank can not have imagined that her personal diary written during World War II would become such a popular book. It’s a must read that describes the situation of a family in the evils of wars through the eyes of a teenager.Animal FarmAnimal Farm is one of the most popular books by George Orwell. It is just a reflection of the Stalin and World War II period that has been so creatively presented in this book. It is an interesting example of how literature can be used to present conditions common in the society.Adventures of Huckleberry FinnMark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is one of the great American novels in history, and is certainly a great pick for young adults. Young Huck Finn and his mischief along with the color1 ful description of people around theMississippi Rivermake this novel a great book to read.1.Which book describes the author’s own experiences according to this passage?A.The Book ThiefB.The Diary of Young GirlC.Animal FarmD.Adventures of Huckleberry Finn2.What do the first three books have in common?A.All of them are about wars.B.All of them are about farms.C.All of them are intended for history lovers.D.All of them were written during World War II.3.The purpose of this passage is to _________.A.instruct youngsters how to improve skillsB.tell youngsters some wonderful reading habitsC.introduce several good books to youngstersD.give youngsters advice on writing a book reviewBWhena person in the United States gets the COVID-19 vaccine (疫苗), the person receives a small piece of paper called a “COVID-19 Vaccination Record Card”.It is a piece of paper with the logo of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or CDC, and the name and date of the vaccine. Because it is so simple, it could be easy to fake.Many people in theU.S.are still unsure about getting the vaccine. As universities, workplaces and other places are requiring proof of vaccination, some people are now buying fake vaccination cards without getting a shot.The Associated Press reports that students and teachers at universities around theU.S.are worried about fake cards. Sellers are using social media apps like Instagram to advertise fake vaccination cards. The prices range from $25 to $200. The AP notes that many college students seem interested in buying the cards. On the site Reddit, one person wrote, “I need one, too, for college. I refuse to be a guinea pig.”It is reported that more than 700 universities and colleges require proof of vaccination. Most schools simply ask their students to take a photo of their card and send it to a school website. Benjamin Mason Meier is a professor at theUniversityofNorth CarolinaatChapel Hill, UNC. He studies international health policy. He said, unlike some countries, theU.S.is not using a digital system to record vaccine status. He said theU.S.is depending on “aflimsypaper card”, and students have told him they knew of others who had used fake vaccination cards. Rebecca Williams also works at UNC. She is a researcher at the school’s Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. She said she was not surprised that people were worried about fake vaccination cards. “This is why I think the development of a reliable national digital vaccine passport app is very important,” she said.There is a law that should prevent people from making false vaccination cards. If someone uses the CDC logo without permission, they can be lined and punished by up to five years in prison. The U.S. Department of Justice recently charged a person inCaliforniawith making fake vaccination cards.College students who already have the vaccine are criticizing those who would rather spend money to buy afake than get a free shot. Maliha Reza is an electrical engineering student atPennsylvaniaStateUniversity, She called those students “dumb”. “I’m angry about that,” she said. “Like, there is more anger than I could describe now.”4. Why do some college students buy fake vaccination cards?A. They are easy to get.B. Many Americans are still uncertain about getting the vaccine.C. Students have an interest in the fake vaccination cards.D. To get a vaccine shot is expensive.5. Which of the following measures can NOT be used to stop the fake cards?A. Having a law that should prevent people from making false vaccination cards.B. Developing a reliable national digital vaccine passport app.C. Using a digital system to record vaccine status.D. Having all the students take a photo of their vaccination card and send it to the school website.6. What does the underlined word “flimsy” probably mean?A. Weak.B. Effective.C. Detailed.D. Professional,7. What might be the writing purpose for the news report?A. To promote a digital system to record the vaccination shots.B. To explain why theU.S.should prevent making the fake vaccination cards.C. The stress the influence of the COVID-19 vaccination.D. To reduce theU.S.university leaders’ worry about fake vaccination cards.CDogs are often called as “man's best friend”, MacKenzie, a four-pound Chihuahua（吉娃娃）, was named winner of the 2020 American Hero Dog Competition on October 19, 2020.In its tenth year in 2020 the annual contest is the brainchild of American Humane, the country's first national charitable organization founded for the safety and well-being of animals. Often called the “Oscars for dogs”, the award recognizes dogs who make extremely great contributions to society.The competition of 2020 attracted over 400 entries（参赛者）from across the country. These heroic dogs have gone above the call of duty, saving lives, comforting the ill and aged and reminding us of the powerful, age-old ties between animals and people. While all were impressive, it was tiny MacKenzie who wonthe judges' hearts.MacKenzie's growth was not easy. Born with a mouth disability, she had to be fed through a tube（管子）for the first year of her life. Despite her own struggles, she always seemed to think more of other animals in need. “Never have I seen such a will to live. Though sick, she carefully looked after the baby animals at the rescue（救助）center,” said her caretaker.A life-saving operation performed in 2014 gave MacKenzie the ability to eat independently. The seven-year-old chihuahua is now working for the Mia Foundation, an organization that rescues and nurses animals with inborn disabilities. The chihuahua does an excellent job and has raised various animals. She plays nurse, cleans, comforts and hugs them, acting as their mother and teaching them how to socialize, play and have good manners.In addition to her role as an animal caretaker, MacKenzie also visits schools to educate kids about the importance of accepting physical differences in both animals and people. Her heartwarming and inspiring story makes MacKenzie a worthy receiver ofAmerica's top dog honor.8. What can we infer about the American Hero Dog Competition?A. It was first held in 2010B. It was held to honor caretakers of dogs.C. It takes place every ten years.D. It was started by a charitable organization.9. With what quality did MacKenzie win the award?A. Talent and braveryB. Friendliness and care.C. Courage and selflessness.D. Confidence and independence.10. In which aspect can students benefit from MacKenzie's visits?A. Learning from failures.B. Understanding the disabled.C. Valuing physical health.D. Developing practical ability.11. What's the best title for the text?A. Dogs Are Man's Best Friends.B. Treat Dogs the Way We Want to Be Treated.C. Touching Stories between MacKenzie and PeopleD. 2020 American Hero Dog: A TinyChihuahua.DHappiness is not a warm phone, according to anew study exploring the link between young life satisfaction and screen time. The study was led by professor of psychology Jean M. Twenge at San Diego State University (SDSU).To research this link, Twenge, along with colleagues Gabrielle Martin at SDSU and W. Keith Campbell at the University of Georgia, dealt with data from the Monitoring the Future (MtF) study, a nationally representativesurvey of more than a million U. S. 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-graders. The survey asked students questions about how often they spent time on their Phones, tablets and computers, as well as questions about their face-to-face social interactions and their overall happiness.On average found that teens who spent more time in front of screen devices — playing computer games, using social media, texting and video chatting — were less happy than those who invested more time in non-screen activities like sports, reading newspapers and magazines, and face-to-face social interactions."The key to digital media use and happiness is limited use," Twenge said. "Aim to spend no more than two hours a day on digital media, and try to increase the amount of time you spend seeing friends face-to-face and exercising — two activities reliably linked to greater happiness."Looking at historical trends from the same age groups since the 1990s, it's easy to find that the increase of screen devices over time happened at the same time as a general drop-off in reported happiness inU. S.teens. Specifically, young peopled life satisfaction and happiness declined sharply after 2012. That's the year when the percentage of Americans who owned a smartphone rose above 50 percent. By far the largest change in teens' lives between 2012 and 2016 was the increase in the amount of time they spent on digital media, and the following decline in in-person social activities and sleep.12. Which method did Twenge's team use for the study?A. Calculating students' happiness.B. Asking students certain questions.C. Analyzing data from a survey.D. Doing experiments on screen time.13. How does the author develop the finding of the study in paragraph 3?A. By making a comparison.B. By giving an example.C. By making an argument.D. By introducing a concept.14. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?A. To draw a conclusion from the study.B. To offer some advice to the readers.C. To prove social activities' importance.D. To support the researchers' finding.15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Quitting Phones Equals HappinessB. Screen Time Should Be BannedC. Teens' Lives Have Changed SharplyD. Screen-addicted Teens Are Unhappier第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

江西省白鹭洲中学2024年高三第三次模拟考试生物试卷注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号填写在试题卷和答题卡上。

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考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、选择题(本大题共7小题,每小题6分,共42分。

)1．图为弃耕农田演变成一片森林的过程示意图，下列叙述错误的是（）A．该群落的演替过程为次生演替B．草本植物阶段在垂直方向上也有分层现象C．成熟森林阶段，树冠层对群落的影响最大D．若所处气候为低温高湿，其顶极群落为热带雨林2．如图是某田鼠种群t年与t+1年种群数量的比值随时间的变化曲线（外界环境条件基本不变），下列相关叙述正确的是（）A．t2年结束时该种群的数量最大B．在t2~t3时间段该种群数量的增长速率逐渐增大C．t1时该种群的年龄组成为稳定型D．利用标志重捕法调查田鼠的种群密度时，第二次被捕捉的难度增大，得到的结果比实际数值偏小3．下列有关调查方法的叙述，不正确的是（）A．调查马齿苋的种群密度和蜻蜓卵的密度常用样方法B．调查活动能力强、活动范围大的田鼠宜采用标志重捕法C．调查土壤中小动物类群的丰富度采用取样器取样法D．调查某遗传病的发病率应在患病人群中随机抽样调查4．甘薯由于能增强免疫功能、防癌抗癌、抗衰老、防止动脉硬化等越来越被人们喜爱。

但甘薯属无性繁殖作物，同时又是同源六倍体，具有自交不育和杂交不亲和性，这使甘薯生产和育种存在诸多常规方法难于解决的问题。

2020-2021学年吉安市白鹭洲中学高三英语第三次联考试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIt looks like 2017 is shaping up to be a record-breaking year in movie History. Here is a list of some of the year’s biggest blockbusters so far.Kong: Skull IslandA reboot (重启) of King Kong would normally get laughed at in this day and age, but it looks like this modem version of the story will be worth watching. With US actress Brie Larson and UK actor Tom Hiddleston in the mix, this film is set to be this year’s biggest monster tale.Release Date:3/10/17Beauty and the BeastDirector Bill Condon is bringing back a part of our childhood in live action, complete with the songs we all remember and love. With British stars Emma Watson and Dan Stevens leading thecast, the classic Walt Disney story already sounds like it’ll be a delight for both children and adults.Release Date:3/17/17The Fate of the FuriousThere was doubt that we’d even get a Fast 8, especially after the fitting ending US actor Paul Walker’s character was given at the end of Furious 7. Fans thought they’d never see Dom and the rest of the crew back in action, but thankfully, US star Vin Diesel himself confirmed that The Fate of the Furious is fueling up for another go.Release Date:4/14/17Spider-Man: HomecomingSpider Man is heading home to Marvel Studios for the first time. The movie will show us Peter Parker’s high school days, and will continue the threads we saw formed during his initial appearance in Captain America: Civil War. We know that Michael Keaton is playing The Vulture in this story, and that both Happy Hogan and Tony Stark, played by US actors Jon Favreau and Robert Downey Jr., are along for the ride.Release Date:7/7/171.Which of the following movies can’t you see on May Day?A.Kong: Skull Island.B.Beauty and the Beast.C.The Fate of the Furious.D.Spider-Man: Homecoming.2.What can we know about Beauty and the Beast?A.It is fueling up for another go.B.It is produced by Marvel StudiosC.It’ll show us Peter Parker’s school days.D.It’ll be enjoyable for both children and adults.3.What does the underlined word “cast” probably mean?A.Characters.B.Actors.C.Directors.D.Teachers.BI had just delivered a memorable speech, and I was about to learn how the judges decided my performance. The audience leaned forward and a period of silence fell across the room. I felt the drum rolled in my heart.The third-place winner was announced. The name was not mine. Then the second-place winner, still not me. At last, the moment of truth came. I was about to either enjoy the warmth of victory or regret the months’ preparation. My heart felt closer to the latter.Losing is a part of life, and I have dealt with it on more than one occasion. However, it was an indescribable feeling to drive a 200-mile round trip, get up very early on a freezing Saturday morning, and yet still finish fourth out of four competitors in my group. After Lincoln lost the 1858 Illinois Senate race, he said, “I felt like the 12-year-old boy who kicked his toe. I was too big to cry and it hurt too bad to laugh.” Oh yeah, I could relate.I had spent many hours in front of a computer and in libraries doing research for the Lincoln Bicentennial Speech Contest. After not placing in the first year of the contest, I really wanted to compete again. Lincoln had many failures, but he never allowed them to defeat his spirit or ambition, so I was not going to give up on a second contest! I reworked my speech for the following year, but again I did not place.I couldn’t accept the fact that I failed twice in something that I had worked so hard on, until I thought about my hero. Never mind the lost prize money and praise—through learning stories about Lincoln, I discovered that I can fail successfully.4. How did the author feel after finishing his speech?A. Delighted.B. Annoyed.C. Thrilled.D. Nervous.5. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?A. He was regretful about his not being fully prepared.B. He felt upset for getting up early on a chilly morning.C. He once kicked and hurt his toe when he was 12 years old.D. He turned out to be the last one of his group in the contest.6. Why did the author decide to enter the second contest?A. He was eager to prove himself to be the best contestant.B. He was inspired by the never-give-up spirit of Lincoln.C. He was willing to enjoy the warmth and joy of victory.D. He was determined to win the prize money and praise.7. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. A memorable hero in my lifeB. Never mind others’ judgmentsC. Losing is an indescribable feelingD. Stand up from where we tripped overCEvery day, millions of shoppers hit the stores in full force, searching wildly for the perfect gift.Aside from purchasing holiday gifts, most people regularly buy presents for other occasions throughout the year, including weddings, birthdays, anniversaries, and graduations. This frequent experience of gift-giving cancause uncertain feelings in gift-givers. Many enjoy the opportunity to buy presents because gift-giving offers a powerful means to build stronger bonds, while many worry that their purchases will disappoint rather than delight the intended recipients (接受者).Anthropologists describe gift-giving as a positive social process, serving various political, religious, and psychological functions. Economists, however, offer a less favorable view. According to Waldfogel, gift-giving represents an objective wasteof resources. People buy gifts that recipients would not choose to buy on their own, or at least not spend as much money to purchase (a phenomenon referred to as‘‘the deadweight loss of Christmas”).What is surprising is that gift-givers have much experience acting as both gift-givers and gift-recipients, but nevertheless tend to overspend each time they set out to purchase a meaningful gift. In the present research, we propose a unique psychological explanation for this overspending problem — gift-givers link how much they spend with how much recipients will appreciate the gift. Though it seems natural to gift-givers, such an assumption may be unfounded. Indeed, we propose that gift-recipients will be less likely to base their feelings of appreciation on the value of a gift than givers assume.Why do gift-givers assume that gift price is closely linked to gift-recipients’ feelings of appreciation? Perhaps givers believe that more expensive gifts communicate a stronger sense ofthoughtfulness and consideration. According to Camerer and others, gift-giving represents a symbolic ritual (习俗), by which gift-givers attempt to signal their positive attitudes towards the recipient and their willingness to invest resources in a futurerelationship. In this sense, gift-givers may be motivated to spend more money on a gift in order to send a “stronger signal”. As for gift-recipients, they may not interpret smaller and larger gifts as representing smaller and larger signals of thoughtfulness and consideration.The idea of gift-givers and gift-recipients being unable to account for the other party’s viewpoint seems confusing because people slip in and out of these roles every day. Yet, despite the experience as both givers and receivers, people often struggle to apply information gained from one role in another. In theoretical terms, people fail to use information about their own preferences and experiences to produce more efficient outcomes in their exchange relations. In practical terms, people spend hundreds of dollars each year on gifts, but somehow never learn to estimate their gift expense according to personal insight.8. The author uses “the deadweight loss of Christmas” in Paragraph 2 to express ________.A. gift-givers don’t spend much money during holidaysB. gift-givers don’t ask recipients what gifts they preferC. gift-givers buy improper and expensive giftsD. gift-givers have difficulty in choosing gifts9. According to the passage, people buy gifts to ________.A. receive gifts in returnB. enjoy the feeling of shoppingC. help recipients to save moneyD. better relationships with recipients10. What can we learn from the passage?A. People’s high living standards require expensive gifts.B. Gift-givers buy gifts based on their experiences as recipients.C. Anthropologists think gift-giving meets different human needs.D. Recipients judge the depth of friendship according to the gift price.11. Why did the author write this article?A. To criticize people’s gift-buying habits.B. To analyze people’s gift-giving behaviors.C. To offer advice on how to improve relationships.D. To remind people not to overlook others’ preferences.DThe World Wildlife Fund (WWF) says more than half of the world’s wildlife population has been lost, whichthe conservation group says has placed the health of the planet at risk.The WWF recently released its 10th Flagship Living Planet Report. The group warns the condition of the world's animals is worse than its earlier reports showed, indicating worldwide action is needed.The WWF is worried about the loss of and damage to Earth’s environment. The report provides information about more than 10,000 animal populations from 1970 to 2010. These populations are called “vertebrate species,” or animals with backbones — like fish, birds, mammals, amphibians and reptiles. The report shows these populations have dropped by 52 percent in just 40 years. It warns freshwater species have fallen by 76 percent, which is almost twice the loss of land and ocean species. Most of these losses are in the tropics, with the biggest drop inLatin America.Marco Lambertini, the WWF’s International Director-General said, “This is about losing natural habitats. This is aboutconvertingforests, grasslands, and wetlands into agriculture mainly, and it is about unsustainable use of wildlife. Illegal hunting has been actually increasing over the last 10 years, which definitely a driving force for extinction, particularly of large species.”The report also notes what it calls the world’s “Ecological Footprint”, that is, the effect of human activities on the planet. Mr. Lambertini says there has been an increase in carbon dioxide gases and the pouring of nitrogen into oceans and rivers from fertilizers used in agriculture, which certainly cannot continue.“We are consuming on average every year about the equivalent of about 1.5, one and a half times the resources available to the planet. That means we are cutting trees more quickly than they can be restored. We are fishing the oceans more quickly than fishing stocks can reproduce, and we are emitting in the atmosphere more CO2than the natural systems can actually absorb, which is clearly not sustainable.”Mr. Lambertini warns climate change affects almost everyone on the planet and that whole species may disappear if the world does not reduce the effects of humans on the climate.12. According to the passage, what kind of species faces the biggest drop in population?A. Land and ocean species.B. Animals with backbones.C. Freshwater species inLatin America.D. Freshwater species in the tropics.13. All the following can contribute to the loss of world’s wildlife population EXCEPT ________.A. turning wildlife habitats into agriculture land.B. making sustainable use of wildlife.C. hunting illegally.D. emitting CO2 gases and pouring nitrogen.14. Which does the underlined word “converting” in paragraph 4 mean?A. Conserving.B. Conveying.C. Exchanging.D. Transforming.15. It can be inferred from the passage that _______.A. Marco is much concerned about human’s current behaviors towards wildlife.B. what the planet provides now can satisfy human’s sustainable development.C. more than half of the world’s wildlife population has been lost.D. if humans reduce the effects on the climate, the whole species will not disappear.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020-2021学年吉安市白鹭洲中学高三生物第三次联考试题及答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 一个遗传因子组成为AaBb的高等植物自交，下列叙述中错误的是( )A.产生的雌雄配子种类和数量都相同B.子代中共有9种不同的遗传因子组成C.雌雄配子的结合是随机的D.子代的4种表现类型之比为9：3：3：12. 利用“假说-演绎法”孟德尔发现了遗传的两大规律.下列分析正确的是（）A. 孟德尔的遗传规律可以解释所有进行有性生殖的生物的遗传现象B. 孟德尔提出的假说内容包括生物体能产生数量相等的雌雄配子C. 孟德尔为了验证所做出的假说是否正确，设计并完成了正交、反交实验D. 孟德尔做出的“演绎”是让F1与隐性纯合子测交，预测后代产生1：1的性状比3. 燕麦胚芽鞘进行以下处理，均给予右侧光照射。

（云母片透光、不透水）。

图中能向右侧弯曲的是A.①①①B.①①①C.①①①D.①①①4. 如图表示人体内胰岛素合成时基因表达过程中的某个阶段，下列相关叙述符合此图的是（）A.图中进行的过程需要RNA聚合酶、DNA聚合酶等酶的催化才能完成B.胰岛素合成时，胰岛素基因的表达在人体所有活细胞内都可进行C.图中的①合成后经核孔进入细胞质与核糖体结合D.真核细胞中该过程与翻译同时进行5. 下列关于细胞器的描述不正确的是（）A.叶绿体是植物细胞的“能量转换站”B.线粒体是细胞的“动力车间”C.中心体是脂质的合成“车间”D.溶酶体是细胞的“消化车间”6. 如图表示果蝇的一个细胞，其中数字表示染色体，字母表示基因，不考虑基因突变和交叉互换。

下列叙述正确的是A. 如果要测定果蝇的基因组，应测定4条染色体上的碱基序列B. 如果要验证自由组合定律，可用基因型为AaBb的雌雄果蝇交配C. 只考虑3、4与7、8两对染色体，该个体能形成比例相等的四种配子D. 自然选择通过对基因型的直接作用，使果蝇种群的基因频率定向改变7. 如图是细胞膜的流动镶嵌模型示意图，下列相关叙述错误的是（）A.①是糖蛋白B.①是蛋白质C.①是磷脂双分子层D.细胞膜功能的复杂程度主要与①有关8. 蛋白质是细胞中重要的有机化合物。

2021届吉安市白鹭洲中学高三语文三模试题及参考答案一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的材料，完成下面小题。

材料一:相比于西方国家广泛流行的分餐制，中国人更习惯聚餐。

其实，中国人一开始也采取的是分餐制。

《史记》所载的“鸿门宴”故事，就是分餐制的形式。

刘邦一行登门拜会，项羽留刘邦等人吃饭，席间，项羽、范增、项伯、刘邦、张良等人分坐于不同方位，这正是分餐制的典型场景。

如果他们几个人围着一个桌子吃饭，项庄也就不可能通过舞剑的方式去杀刘邦了，因为那样做项羽也会有危险。

不仅史书记载如此，大量考古发掘出土的实物也证明是这样的。

山东诸城出土的前凉“髡刑图”画像砖，体现了汉代人用餐的场景。

中国人早期实行分餐制，与家具的形制有关。

中国一开始没有椅子、桌子这样的家具，人们通常席地而坐。

将杯盘直接放在席子上既不卫生也不雅观，于是吃饭时通常还有一种食案，只是它比较低矮。

在汉墓中出土过一幅《宴饮观舞图》壁画，表现的是人们就餐的场景，图中每个人面前都有一个小食案，这种小食案其实就是食盘的变形。

魏晋以后，各民族之间加快了交流与融合，受少数民族生活习俗的影响，人们的服饰、家具和用餐器具有了许多革新，进而影响到用餐的形式。

与汉人传统服饰不同，少数民族的“胡服”以袖窄、紧身、圆领、开衩等特点而更适合活动，在用餐时不容易碰翻杯盘，也不容易沾上油污。

至少在东汉末年，“胡服”“胡床”等已经传到内地，受到上层社会的喜爱。

《后汉书》记载，“汉灵帝‘好胡服、胡帐、胡床、胡坐’，京城中‘贵戚皆竞为之’”。

穿着越来越紧身的衣服，坐在更高、更舒服的椅子里，面前是高足的桌子，人们用餐时无疑会感到更舒服。

这时，如果仍采取以前的那种分餐制形式，就需要在每个人面前放一张桌子，每个人坐一把椅子，不仅浪费家具，而且室内空间不足够大的话也难以摆开，于是人们逐渐聚拢到一张桌子上吃饭，分餐制向聚餐制悄悄转变。

这种情形早在魏晋时期就已经发生了。

2020年吉安市白鹭洲中学高三生物第三次联考试题及参考答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1. 关于B淋巴细胞和T淋巴细胞的正确叙述是()A.都是在骨髓中发育成的B.都是通过直接产生抗体发挥免疫作用C.都是在胸腺中发育成的D.是通过浆细胞产生抗体和效应T细胞发挥免疫作用的2. 下列生物群体中，属于群落的是A.闽江里的全部生物B.黄河里的全部鱼C.武夷山中的全部植物D.太湖中的全部微生物3. 下列关于中心法则的叙述，正确的是（）A. 同一细胞中两种不同RNA的合成不能同时发生B.HIV病毒可在T淋巴细胞中发生逆转录过程C. 细胞进行基因表达时，都是转录结束后才进行翻译D. 转录产生的mRNA上的碱基序列都能编码氨基酸4. 神经元之间可以通过神经递质传递兴奋，以下关于神经递质的说法，错误的是（）A.突触前膜通过胞吐释放神经递质体现了细胞膜控制物质进出细胞的功能B.神经递质经扩散通过突触间隙不消耗ATPC.神经递质进入突触后膜后只能与特异性受体结合D.神经递质作用后会被清除以提高神经调节的准确性5. 下列有关细胞中糖类和脂质的叙述，正确的是（）A.淀粉是植物细胞的储能物质，均匀分布于各细胞B.染色体的组成成分是脱氧核糖和蛋白质C.脂质在哺乳动物卵细胞形成中具有重要作用D.脂质可以被苏丹Ⅲ染液染成橘黄色6. 下列有关生物膜的叙述正确的是（）A.高尔基体是膜面积很大的细胞器，它向外可连接细胞膜，向内可连接核膜B.胆固醇是动物细胞膜的组成成分，并参与人体内血液中脂质的运输C.细胞膜具有选择透过性，细胞不需要的对细胞有害的物质不能进入细胞D.罗伯特森在电镜下看到了细胞膜清晰的暗—亮—暗的三层结构，提出所有的生物膜都是由磷脂—蛋白质—磷脂三层结构构成的7. 某同学利用发生了向光弯曲的燕麦胚芽鞘，制作成切片并用显微镜观察，他绘制了背光侧和向光侧的细胞形态示意图。

由图可知生长素导致向光性弯曲的原因及部位分别是（）A.促进细胞分裂ⅢB.促进细胞伸长ⅢC.促进细胞分裂ⅢD.促进细胞伸长Ⅲ8. 离子泵是一种具有ATP水解酶活性的载体蛋白，能利用水解A TP释放的能量跨膜运输离子。

2020-2021学年吉安市白鹭洲中学高三英语第三次联考试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ACanadais one of the most beautiful countries in the world. Here are 4 attractive places worth your visit.ChurchillChurchill is a town with the nickname "Polar Bear Capital of the World”, where tourists can safely view polar bears from special vehicles in the autumn and winter. Thousands of beluga whales, which move into the warmer waters of theChurchill Riverduring July and August, are a major summer attraction. Churchill is also a destination for bird watchers from late May until August.Niagara FallsNiagara Fallsis a group of three waterfalls, crossing the border betweenCanadaand theUnited States. The largest of the three is Horseshoe Falls, also known asCanadian Falls. Niagara Falls illumination（彩灯）is a must for any visitor! Every night of the year, the three waterfalls are illuminated in color1 s creating an attractive scene that can be viewed from near and far.VancouverVancouverisCanada's third-largest city, always named as one of the top five worldwide cities for its comfortable environment and quality of life.Vancouverhas an active nightlife scene, whether its food and dining, or bars and nightclubs. From mid-June to early July, the Vancouver International Jazz Festival features 300 concerts, including a free opening Downtown Jazz Weekend.OttawaThe capital ofCanadais situated on the banks of theOttawa Riverand has a lot ofEnglish buildings in it. It is a beautiful city which has the Parliament buildings on the banks and English influenced houses and parks around. There are museums and art galleries that will give you a complete knowledge of the English culture there. It is really the heart ofCanada. So if you are a history and art loverOttawais the best choice for your visit inCanada.1. If you want to watch birds, which place will you choose to visit?A. Churchill.B.Niagara Falls.C. Vancouver.D.Ottawa.2. What is the best season for visitingVancouver?A. Spring.B. Summer.C. Autumn.D. Winter.3. What doNiagara FallsandVancouverhave in common?A. They are both famous for natural scenery.B. The best visiting time are both at nights.C. They are both located inCanadaentirely.D. The tickets there are both free at weekends.BWhen almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline（座机）?These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter（29%）rely only on their smartphones according to a survey（调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a thirdconcedethat it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor （因素）— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlinesnow and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do with the makeup of your household.Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who iscalling before we pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）.How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries?4. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobilephones?A. Their target users.B. Their wide popularity.C. Their major functions.D. Their complex design.5. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?A. Admit.B. Argue.C. Remember.D. Remark.6. What can we say about Baby Boomers?A. They like smartphone games.B. They enjoy guessing callers’ identity.C. They keep using landline phones.D. They are attached to their family.7. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?A. It remains a family necessity.B. Itwill fall out of use some day.C. It may increase daily expenses.D. It is as important as the gas light.CTo stay healthy and fit, Chinesestudents do group exercises every day at school. Most of you probably do the same set of exercises. But some school exercises have grown popular online due to their local and innovative designs.Singing in Sichuan dialects with energetic movements and unique mask-changing is not just a Sichuan Opera performance. It’s the routine exercise for students of Mianyang Foreign Languages Experimental School in Sichuan province.“Sichuan Opera is a local opera, and it is now facing a gap in inheritance (传承). Therefore, we cooperated with Mianyang Intangible Cultural Heritage Center to create a simple and easy-to-learn Sichuan Opera exercise,” said Shen Junhua, who is in charge of organizing the school’s exercise between classes.According to Shen, this new type of exercise has been practiced since 2017 and has been popular among students. When students enroll (入学), they will spend several weeks practicing it. At present, almost all of the students and teachers have mastered it.“In fact, we had hardly heard of Sichuan Opera before teachers taught us how to do the Sichuan Opera exercise,” said Li Yangwenwen, 14, an eighth grade student who also joined the school’s Sichuan Opera club out of interest. “It’s very different from normal exercises. After practicing it, we found it very beautiful and became interested in it. Now, almost all of the students look forward to our daily exercise time and feel excited to do it.”“By combining opera with daily exercise, the daily class activity allows students to perceive and understand Sichuan Opera’s culture”, Shen said. “After years of continuous effort to spread the seeds of traditional culture, the younger generation is finally catching on.”8. What do students in Shen’s school do during the group exercise?A. They do normal exercise .B. They sing pop songs in Sichuan dialects.C. They do mask-changing in a Sichuan Opera performance.D. They combine group exercise with Sichuan Opera.9. Why do they adopt the new type of exercise?A. To attract new students to the school.B. To inherit local culture.C. To create an easy-to-learn exercise.D. To make the school’s group exercise popular.10. How do teachers and students react to the group exercise?A. Calm.B. Indifferent.C. Enthusiastic.D. Uninterested.11. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. Shen’s continuous effort is highly praised.B. The younger generation will have a stronger body.C. The students can better understand their local culture.D. Students help to spread the seeds of traditional culture toyounger generation.DThe Great Barrier Reef's outlook remains “very poor” despite coral (珊瑚) recovery over the past year, Australian government scientistssaid Monday, just days before a UNESCO ruling on the site's world heritage (遗产) status.The United Nations cultural agency recommended last month that the world's largest reef (珊瑚礁) system be placed on its endangered list because of damage to the corals largely caused by climate change.The Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) said the corals were now in a “recovery window” after a decade of harmful heat stress and cyclones (旋风). But such opportunities were becoming rarer due to the influence ofclimate change, the government agency, which has monitored the reef for 35 years, said in its annual report released today. “The increasing emergence of climate-related extreme weather events and starfish outbreaks is causing more severe and frequent pressures, giving the reef fewer opportunities like this to recover,”CEO Paul Hardisty said. The scientists surveyed 127 reef sites in 2021 and found hard coral cover hadincreased at 69 of the 81 locations surveyed in the past two years.Separate scientific research released last October found the 2, 300-kilometre (1, 400 miles) system had lost half its corals since 1995, with a series of ocean heatwaves causing mass coral death.Britta Schaffelke, research program director at AIMS, said the latest findings provided a slight hope that the reef still has the power of recovering. But she added that its future is still very poor because of the dangers of climate change and other factors that are affecting the reef.UNESCO has urged Australia to take urgent climate action but the government has long resisted calls to commit to net zero emissions (排放) by 2050. The government has said it hopes to meet the target “as soon as possible” without harming its economy, insisting dealing with climate change requires a global effort. The reef was worth about US $4. 8 billion a year in tourism for the Australian economy and there are fears that an “in danger” listing could weaken its tourist appeal.12. What is the major cause of the damage to the corals?A. The climate change.B. Lack of money.C. Over development.D. Too many tourists.13. What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 3?A. The result of the survey.B. The efforts AIMS has made.C. The slight chance of the recovery.D. The terrible situation of the climate.14. What is Britta Schaffelke's attitude towards the future of the reef?A. Unclear.B. Positive.C Intolerant. D. Anxious.15. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Australia wants to put the reef on the endangered list.B. The Australian government has ignored UNESCO's demand.C. Australia hopes to keep a balance between emission target and its economy.D. The Australian government refuses to take its share of responsibility of climate change.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020-2021学年吉安市白鹭洲中学高三生物三模试题及答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1.下图是细胞核的结构模式图。

下列关于各结构及功能的叙述，正确的是A.①是双层膜，把核内物质与细胞质分开B.②是染色体遗传物质主要载体C.③位于细胞核的中央，是细胞核功能的控制中心D.④是大分子物质如DNA出入细胞核的通道2.吞噬细胞可以吞噬整个病菌，这一事实说明了A. 细胞膜具有选择透过性B. 细胞膜具有一定的流动性C. 细胞膜具有全透性D. 细胞膜具有支持作用3.正常人体静脉注射一定量葡萄糖后，可诱导胰岛素分泌呈“双峰曲线”，两个峰分别代表胰岛素分泌的第一时相和第二时相（基线指24小时胰岛细胞持续分泌的微量胰岛素）。

下列叙述错误的是（）A.0～5 min内胰岛素来自胰岛B细胞B. 血糖调节过程中，胰岛素的作用结果会反过来影响胰岛素的分泌，即为反馈调节C. 胰岛素分泌量增加会降低组织细胞吸收葡萄糖的速率D. 第二时相胰岛素的分泌是神经—体液共同调节的结果，该过程有下丘脑参与4.一条由29个氨基酸构成的多肽链中有4个谷氨酸（R基为—CH2—CH2—COOH）。

下列有关该多肽的叙述，正确的是（）A. 有29个肽键B. 最多有1个游离的氨基C. 最多有20种氨基酸D. 至少有5个游离的羧基5.钙泵，也称Ca2+-ATP酶，它是哺乳动物细胞中广泛分布的一种离子泵（载体蛋白），它能催化细胞膜内侧的ATP水解，释放出能量，驱动细胞内的Ca2+泵出细胞。

下列相关叙述正确的是（）A.钙泵体现了蛋白质具有运输和调节功能B.Ca2+通过钙泵转运出细胞是顺浓度梯度进行的C.磷酸基团与钙泵结合可能会使钙泵的空间结构发生改变D.动物一氧化碳中毒会增强钙泵跨膜运输Ca2+的速率6.下列有关人体内环境稳态的叙述，错误的是A.内环境稳态是机体进行正常生命活动的必要条件B.机体通过调节作用使各器官、系统协调活动共同维持稳态C.“空调病”、“高原反应”和过敏反应都是内环境稳态失调所致D.免疫系统是机体的防御系统，不是维持稳态的调节系统7.下列关于人体中细胞分化、衰老及凋亡的叙述，不正确的是（）A.细胞分化发生在胚胎期，细胞衰老与凋亡发生在老年期B.衰老细胞会出现线粒体减少、酶活性降低及细胞核变大等现象C.清除被病原体感染细胞的过程是通过细胞凋亡完成的D.细胞分化过程中不同基因活动状态不同8.下列各项无法通过质壁分离复原实验证明的是A.成熟植物细胞的死活B.原生质层比细胞壁的伸缩性大C.成熟的植物细胞能渗透吸水D.水分子通过通道蛋白进入细胞9.如图为果蝇性染色体结构简图。

2020-2021学年吉安市白鹭洲中学高三英语三模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ACitisport inNewportWe at Citisport aim to improve sports training and facilities inNewport, giving you more opportunities to try both new and traditional sports.GolfWe are pleased to be able to offer lessons at Kingsway Golf Centre just outsideNewport. These are run by experienced golf professionals, and are held on an all-weather practice area. The adult lessons are open to anyone aged 13 and over, and are suitable for all levels from beginners upwards. These take place on Wednesdays from 3:00 to 4:00 pm over a period of six weeks. Children’s lessons for 7-12 year old are held from 2:00 to 3:00 pm on Saturdays during term time.TennisThe Citisport tennis courses provide an opportunity for local people to develop their skills on the brand-new indoor tennis court at Newport Leisure Centre. All equipment can be provided, but please feel free to use your own racket (球拍) if you prefer. Our Starter course is held on Mondays from 7:00 to 8:00 pm, and is for beginners of 12 years and over. Our Improver course, which takes place on Tuesdays from 8:00 to 9:00 pm, is for players with some experience.Football for girlsBy popular request, Citisport is holding another one-day girls-only football course. This aims to give local girls the chance to learn essential skills and develop more advanced ones. The course will take place on Saturday, 9th November from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm, and is open to all girls aged 10-14 years living in theNewportarea.GymnasticsThis course is for beginners aged 8-14 and will provide an introduction to basic skills. There is a maximum of six pupils per coach in each class. At the end of the course there is a demonstration for friends and family of all the skills learnt there. The course will take place on Thursdays from 6:00 to 7:00 pm.1. What can we know about the Citisport golf lessons?A. You can take lessons at Kingsway Golf Centre insideNewport.B. The golf lessons can take place only in good weather.C. Teenagers can attend golf lessons on Wednesday afternoons.D. Children’s lessons usually last 2 or 3 hours on Saturday afternoons.2. Which of the following statements is true about the Citisport tennis courses?A. You can get the skills in an open-air court.B. You must take your own racket during the course.C. You can take the Monday course if you are a green hand.D. You can become an experienced player after the courses.3. Which course lasts only one day according to the text?A. Golf.B. Tennis.C. Football for girls.D. Gymnastics.BA company called Neuralink has shared a video where a monkey is playing a video game. That' s fairly unusual, but what makes the video even stranger is that the monkey is playing the video game with just his mind.The monkey in the video is called Pager who has two of Neuralink's special "Link" devices(装置)inside his brain. The devices planted in Pager's brain are connected to 2,048 wires which lead to the parts of Pager's brain that control movements of the arms and hands.Scientists taught Pager to play a video game. At first, Pager controlled the video game using a joystick it, which is a normal gaming controller. But as Pager played, his Link devices wirelessly sent out information about the signals his brain was using to control his arms and hands. Neuralink's scientists recorded all of these signals.Then they used computers to match the signals from Pager's brain to the movements that his hands were actually doing. This was the most difficult work and the scientists counted on artificial intelligence ( AI) to help them decode(解码)Pager's brain signals.The final step was to have a computer make moves inthe video game as if Pager had actually moved the joystick. If Pager thought about moving the joystick up, the computer would send an “up” signal to the video game.At first, the researchers let Pager keep moving the joystick with his hand, even though it was no longer connected to the computer. But soon Pager was able to play the video game using just his brain.Even though Neuralink's work right now focuses on animals and video games, there's a very serious purpose behind it. Neuralink wants to make it possible for humans who have lost the ability to make physical movements to interact with the world around them.4. What are “Link” devices used to do?A. To pick up the arms' and hands' signals.B. To link the computer to the monkey's brain.C. To send out information about the brain's signals.D. To control movements of the arms and hands.5. What challenged scientists most in the study?A. Recording and sending out body signals.B. Training Pager to use the joystick correctly.C. Planting "Link" devices into Pager's brain.D. Matching brain signals to body movements.6. What is Neuralink's real purpose of the study?A. To test artificial intelligence.B. To help those without arms or legs.C. To study how animals play video games.D. To develop more complex video games.7. What can be the best title for the text?A. Video Games for Animals Are Developed.B. Science Proves the Intelligence of Monkeys.C. Monkey Plays Video Games Using His Mind.D. Neuralink Is Leading the World in Technology.CYu Chenrui, 29, is a maker of automata (机关人偶) in Chengdu, Sichuan province. Automata are built to look like humans or animals and give the illusion (错觉) of being able to move on their own, “The art form amazes me, becauseit combines various skills, from storytelling to mechanics, and the pieces are built with a sense of humor,” Yu says. His creations have caught the attention of well-known artists and his fancy pieces of art have attracted collectors worldwide.Interested in handcrafts as a boy, Yu first encountered automata designed by Japanese artist Kazuaki at an exhibition in 2015 when he studied at the Communication University of China inBeijing. “It was like meeting a like-minded friend, ” Yu says, recalling the moment. As an art and design major, he began to learn the craft by himself and, with the support of his tutor, he kept studying and examining automata in school.When he graduated in 2016, Yu landed a job at an advertising agency inBeijing. He stayed on at the company for three years because, at that time, he was not sure that he could make a living out of his hobby. While working as a designer Yu kept exploring and advancing his skills in wood carving and mechanics. Eventually, despite the job’s good salary, it was not enough to make up for not following his true passion. Finally, in 2018, Yu quit his job and returned toChengduto open his automata workshop.To keep himself occupied while running his workshop, he planted blueberries, raspberries and cherries. He watered, weeded and added fertilizer (肥料) every day. “Daily routines helped me calm down and inspire my creativity, which resulted in an automaton called To Observe the Autumn,” Yu says.Over time, Yu’s reputation grew and his business flourished (兴旺). Many of Yu’s creations are built with a dash of wisdom, a sprinkle of humor and are inspired by observations of real life. Yu knows that there are many more creative ideas waiting to be expressed. “It feels quite good to be fully devoted to automata creation and I am still searching for myself.”8. What can we learn from the first paragraph?A. Yu is equipped with various skills.B. Yu is a person full of sense of humor.C. Yu is now gaining recognition worldwide.D. Yu is following the latest trend in handcraft.9. Why did Yu quit his job inBeijing?A. He couldn't make a living out of it.B. He wanted to pursue his own dream.C. He missed his family inChengdu.D. He thought he had a lot experience.10. According to Yu, what contributes to his creativity as an automata artist?A. The fruits he grows.B. Success of his business.C. His devotion to the job.D. Observation from daily life.11. Which of the following can best describe Yu’s story?A. There is no end to learning.B. Great hopes make great man.C. Actions speak louder than words.D. Experience is the mother of wisdom.DTrees are “social creature” that communicate with each other in cooperative ways that hold lessons forhumans, too, ecologist Suzanne Simard says. Simard grew up in Canadian forests as a child of loggers before becoming an ecologist. She's now a professor of forest ecology at theUniversityofBritish Columbia.Trees are linked to neighboring trees by a network of fungi below the surface of the earth that resembles the nervous networks in the brain, she explains. In one study, Simard watched as a Douglas fir tree that had been injured by insects appeared to send chemical warning signals to a pine nearby. The pine tree then produced defense enzymes to protect against the insect.“This was a breakthrough,” Simard says. The trees were sharing “information that actually is important to the health of the whole forest.”In addition to warning each other of danger, Simard says that trees have been known to share nutrients at critical times to keep each other healthy. She says the trees in a forest are often linked to each other via an older tree she calls a “mother” or “hub” tree.“In connecting with all the trees of different ages, the mother trees can actually ease the growth of these young trees,” she says. “The young trees will link into the network of the old trees and benefit from that huge resource capacity. And the old trees would also pass a little bit of carbon and nutrients and water to the young trees, at crucial times in their lives, that actually help them survive.”The study of trees took on a new resonance for Simard when she suffered from breast cancer. During her treatment, she learned that one of the medicines she relied on was actually obtained from what some trees produce for their own mutual defense. She explains her research on cooperation in the forest, and shares her personal story in the new bookFinding the Mother Tree: Discovering the Wisdom of theForest.12. How could a Douglas fir tree send chemical warning signals to a pine nearby?A. By an underground network of fungi.B. By the nervous networks in the brain.C. By making cooperation with each other.D. By holding lessons to it as human beings.13. According to Simard, what was a breakthrough?A. Simard was-brought up in Canadian forests.B. She became a professor of forest ecology.C. The pine tree produced defense enzymes.D. Vital information was shared among trees.14. What helped Simard understand trees further?A. Her rich knowledge of trees.B. Her childhood in the forest.C. Her medicine gained from trees.D. Her research on cooperation.15. In Simard's book we may discover the wisdom of the forest except .A. communicating cooperativelyB. warning each other of dangerC. sharing nutrientsat critical timesD. sacrificing mother trees for survival第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。