专业英语试卷-生物制药.doc

2011 至 2012 学年第 2 学期药学专业英语 试卷 A 卷出卷教师： 适应班级：国生物F0903班~F0906班考试方式：闭卷 本试卷考试分数占学生总评成绩的 80 %复查总分 总复查人一、将下列英单词或词组翻译成汉语（本题20 分，每小题0.5分）1、conception2、physiology3、untoward effect4、ingestion5、hazardous6、antagonist7、hypertension8、epinephrine9、first-pass effect10、high performance liquid chromatography 11、infrared spectroscopy 12、equilibrium constant 13、resolution 14、metabolite 15、lipophilic ity16、nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 17、drug delivery 18、eukaryote 19、smallpox 20、mitochondria《药学专业英语》试卷 第 1 页 （ 共 6 页 ）21、lipophilic compound 22、Good Laboratory Practice 23、embryo24、median lethal dose 25、deterioration 26、donor 27、feedback 28、second message 29、tumor30、mammalian 31、catalyst 32、oxide 33、affinity 34、solvent35、pharmacokinetics 36、dosage 37、titration38、process analytical technologies 39、absolute bioavailability二、将下列词语翻译成英语单词或词组（本题20分，每空0.5分）1、细菌2、碳水化合物3、血压4、消化5、炎症6、关节炎7、研究与开发8、标准偏差9、吸收 10、受体《药学专业英语》试卷 第 2 页 （ 共 6 页 ）学院名称 专业班级： 姓名： 学号：密 封 线 内 不 要 答 题┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃密 ┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃封 ┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃线┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃11、药物化学 12、构效关系 13、保质期 14、药理学 15、免疫学 16、药效学17、排泄物，分泌物excretion/feces 18、水解（作用） 19、生物转化 20、成瘾性 21、阻断药 22、急性反应 23、效应 24、扩散 25、气-固色谱法 26、机制 27、发酵 28、标准溶液 29、中医学 30、临床试验 31、血浆 32、固态 33、研究生课程 34、胶囊 35、染色体 36、酶 37、抑制剂 38、碱基 39、核糖体 40、口服液三、将下列英文文章翻译成汉语（本题30分）Separation TechniquesNearly all the samples presented to the pharmaceutical analyst are mixtures ，sometimes very complex ones. The determination of the amount of each isolated component is usually a simple《药学专业英语》试卷 第 3 页 （ 共 6 页 ）matter. The analysis of these same components in each other’s presence may ，however ，be difficult or even impossible because of interference by one substance in the assay of another. Interference can take several forms. The interfering substance can respond quantitatively to the analytical method for the desired component. An example is the interference caused by acetic acid in the assay of hydrochloric acid by titration with alkali. This is not an entirety hopeless situation ，for the analysis will at least yield the sum of the amounts of the desired component and the interfering component. Another common example is the interference observed in absorption spectroscopy when two solutes have overlapping absorption bands. Sometimes the interference is a partial, nonquantitative response to the assay. For example ，the nonaqueous titration of weakly acidic drugs in tablets containing stearic acid may be unsuccessful because of consumption of titrant by the stearie acid; this is not a reproducible effect ，probably because of incomplete dissolution of stearic acid in the titration medium. It is very difficult to compensate for interferences of this type. Another commonly encountered form of interference is an impairment of the analytical method for the desired component ，leading to nonquantitative results even for this component. A trace of copper in a sample of magnesium can vitiate a visual complexometric titration of the magnesium by poisoning the indicator. Another instance is the quenching of quinine fluorescence by hydrochloric acid.When an analytical method cannot be applied directly to a mixture because of possible interference ，a separation of the mixture into its components may be necessary.《药学专业英语》试卷 第 4 页 （ 共 6 页 ）学院名称 专业班级： 姓名： 学号：密 封 线 内 不 要 答 题┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃密 ┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃封┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃线┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃四、将下面两段文章翻译成英语（本题20分，每题10分）1、制药行业的从业者从事的是药品销售和买卖，以及药品的研究与开发。

As time passed ,the art of the apothecary became combined with priestly functions , and among the early civilizations the priest-magician or priest-physician became the healer of the body as well as of the soul . Pharmacy and medicine are indistinguishable in their early history , since their practice was generally the function of the tribal religious leaders.随着随着时间的推移,药剂师的制造工艺以及结合祭司的功能,以及早期文明的药剂魔法或魔术师成为身体以及灵魂的治疗。

制药和医学在早期历史上是没有区别的,因为他们的做法通常是部落宗教领袖的功能。

civilizations n. 文明indistinguishable adj. 不能区别的，不能辨别的；不易察觉的Early Drugs 早期的药品Due to the patience and intellect of the archeologist ,the types andthe specific drugs employed in the early history of drug therapy are not asindefinable as one might suspect .Numerous ancient tables ,scrolls,andother relics dating as far back as 3000 B.C.have been uncovered anddeciphered by archeologic scholars to the delight of historians of bothmedicine and pharmacy ,for contained in these ancient documents arespecific associations with our common heritage.由于考古学家的耐心和智慧,早期使用的类型和特定的药物药物治疗的历史不像人们所怀疑的那样不确定，无数古老的表、卷轴和其他文物约在公元前3000年被发现和被考古学家破译，令人高兴的是在这些远古的文献中的历史学家医学和制药包含特定的药物是我们的共同遗产。

生物专业英语试题及答案一、词汇题（每题2分，共20分）1. 以下哪个单词表示“细胞分裂”？A. Cell divisionB. Cell fusionC. Cell differentiationD. Cell metabolism答案：A2. “基因”在英文中的正确表达是？A. GeneB. GenusC. GenotypeD. Genomics答案：A3. 哪个术语与“光合作用”相关？A. PhotosynthesisB. RespirationC. FermentationD. Anaerobic respiration答案：A4. “遗传工程”的英文表达是什么？A. Genetic engineeringB. Genetic mutationC. Genetic selectionD. Genetic variation答案：A5. “酶”的英文单词是？A. EnzymeB. HormoneC. ProteinD. Lipid答案：A6. “生态系统”在英文中如何表达？A. EcosystemB. BiosystemC. EcosystemsD. Biosphere答案：A7. “进化”的英文对应词是？A. EvolutionB. DevolutionC. InvolutionD. Revolution答案：A8. “克隆”在生物学中的英文术语是什么？A. CloningB. CopyingC. DuplicationD. Replication答案：A9. “物种”的英文单词是？A. SpeciesB. GenusC. VarietyD. Type答案：A10. “微生物”的英文表达是？A. MicroorganismB. MacroorganismC. OrganismD. Microbe答案：A二、阅读理解题（每题5分，共30分）阅读以下段落，并回答问题。

Biotechnology is the use of living organisms and bioprocesses to develop or make products. It involves the use of organisms, cells, and cellular components to research and produce goods and services. Modern biotechnology provides breakthrough products and technologies to combat debilitating and rarediseases, reduce our environmental footprint, feed the hungry, use less and cleaner energy, and have safer, cleaner and more efficient industrial manufacturing processes.11. 根据段落，生物技术涉及哪些方面？A. 使用生物和生物过程开发产品B. 仅使用生物过程C. 仅使用生物D. 使用生物和非生物过程答案：A12. 现代生物技术提供了哪些突破性的产品和技术？A. 治疗罕见疾病B. 减少环境影响C. 提供食物D. 所有上述选项答案：D13. 根据段落，生物技术如何帮助环境？A. 减少环境足迹B. 增加污染C. 加剧气候变化D. 消耗更多资源答案：A14. 生物技术如何帮助解决饥饿问题？A. 提供更少的食物B. 提供更多的食物C. 提高食物价格D. 降低食物质量答案：B15. 生物技术在工业制造中的作用是什么？A. 提高效率B. 降低安全性C. 增加污染D. 减少清洁度答案：A三、完形填空题（每题3分，共15分）阅读以下短文，从所给选项中选择最合适的一项填入空白处。

生物医学英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is the most common type of cancer in the world?A. Lung cancerB. Breast cancerC. Prostate cancerD. Colorectal cancer答案：A2. The term "pathogen" refers to:A. A substance that causes diseaseB. A person who has a diseaseC. An organism that causes diseaseD. A symptom of a disease答案：C3. What is the primary function of red blood cells?A. To carry oxygenB. To fight infectionsC. To clot bloodD. To regulate body temperature答案：A4. The nervous system is divided into two main parts: thecentral nervous system and the:A. Peripheral nervous systemB. Autonomic nervous systemC. Sympathetic nervous systemD. Parasympathetic nervous system答案：A5. Which of the following is a characteristic of a viral infection?A. Presence of bacteria in the bloodB. Inflammation of the heartC. Infection by a virusD. Infection by a fungus答案：C6. The hormone responsible for the regulation of blood sugar levels is:A. InsulinB. Thyroid hormoneC. CortisolD. Adrenaline答案：A7. What is the term for the process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment?A. HomeostasisB. MetabolismC. Circadian rhythmD. Immunity答案：A8. The largest organ in the human body is:A. The brainB. The liverC. The skinD. The heart答案：C9. Which of the following is a type of connective tissue?A. Muscle tissueB. Nervous tissueC. Epithelial tissueD. Cartilage答案：D10. The process of cell division that results in two identical cells is called:A. MitosisB. MeiosisC. ApoptosisD. Cytokinesis答案：A二、填空题（每空1分，共20分）1. The study of the structure of organisms is called__________.答案：anatomy2. The process by which cells extract energy from nutrients is known as __________.答案：metabolism3. The basic unit of heredity is the __________.答案：gene4. The medical specialty that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the heart and blood vessels is called __________.答案：cardiology5. The hormone that stimulates the growth and development of bones and muscles is __________.答案：growth hormone6. The study of the causes and effects of diseases is called __________.答案：pathology7. The body's response to injury or infection is known as__________.答案：inflammation8. The process by which the body gets rid of waste products is called __________.答案：excretion9. The largest gland in the human body is the __________.答案：liver10. The study of the nervous system is called __________.答案：neurology三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1. Explain the role of the immune system in defending the body against infections.答案：The immune system plays a crucial role in defending the body against infections by recognizing and eliminating harmful pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and otherforeign substances. It consists of various cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body. When a pathogen enters the body, the immune system responds by activating white blood cells and producing antibodies that target and neutralize the invaders. This response helps to prevent the spread of infection and promotes healing and recovery.2. Describe the process of respiration in humans.答案：Respiration in humans is a process that involves the exchange of gases, primarily oxygen and carbon dioxide, between the body and the environment. It consists of two main stages: inhalation and exhalation. During inhalation, air containing oxygen is drawn into the lungs through the nose or mouth, then travels down the trachea and into the bronchi, which branch into smaller tubes called bronchioles. The bronchioles end in tiny air sacs called alveoli, where the exchange of gases occurs. Oxygen from the air diffuses across the thin walls of the alveoli into the bloodstream, where itbinds to hemoglobin in red blood cells. At the same time, carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular respiration, diffuses from the blood into the alveoli. During exhalation, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and forcing the carbon dioxide-rich air out of the lungs. This cycle of inhal。

2011 至2012 学年第 2 学期药学专业英语试卷A卷出卷教师：适应班级：国生物F0904班~F0906班考试方式：闭卷本试卷考试分数占学生总评成绩的80 %复查总分总复查人一、英译汉（本题20 分，每小题0.5分）abnormality ---- genetical ----homeostasis ---- physiology ----globulins ---- thrombus ----acute inflammation ---- mammalian ----benign ---- catalyst -----indicator ---- receptor ----dysfunction ---- immunology ----pharmacology ---- thyroxine ----elimination ---- mollify ----feces ---- local anesthetic ----kanamycin ---- noradrenaline ----untoward reaction ---- volatility ----mechanism ---- sensitivity ----boiling point ---- density ----《药学专业英语》试卷第 1 页（共 6 页）plasma ---- ionization ----distribution coefficient ---- drug metabolism ---target site ---- insulin ----fibrosis ---- essence----deoxyribose ---- pneumococci ----transformation ---- connotation ----二、汉译英（本题20分，每空0.5分）腺瘤动脉粥样硬化癌病原学胃炎吸收氨基酸密度乳糖药物化学镇痛药阻断药效能麻黄碱地高辛缓冲液滴定微量混合的活化烧杯离解反离子精密度血清外消旋的粉剂稀释剂《药学专业英语》试卷第 2 页（共 6 页）学院名称专业班级姓名：学号：密封线内不要答题┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃密┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃封┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃线┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃角蛋白 丝心蛋白 探针 血友病 腺嘌呤 突变，变异 核糖 酶原胚胎 药物释放 上皮的 咖啡因三、文章翻译（本题25分）Biochemistry and Human BiologyFirst, biochemistry is an intrinsically beautiful and fascinating body of knowledge. We now know the essence and many the details of the most fundamental processes in biochemistry, such as how a single molecule of DNA replicates to generate two identical copies of itself and how the sequence of bases in a DNA molecule determines the sequence of amino acids in an encoded protein. Our ability to describe these processes in detailed, mechanistic terms places a firm chemical foundation under other biological sciences. Moreover, the realization that we can understand essential life processes, such as the transmission of hereditary information, as chemical structures and their reactions has significant philosophical implications. What does it mean,bilchemically, to be human? What are the biochemical differences between a human being, a chimpanzee, a mouse, and a fruit fly? Are we more similar than we are different?Second, biochemistry is greatly influencing medicine and other fields. The molecular lesions causing sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, and many other genetic diseases have been elucidated at the biochemical level. Some of the molecular events that contribute to cancer development have been identified. An understanding of the underlying defects opens the door to the discovery of effective therapies. Biochemistry makes possible the rational design of new drugs, including specific inhibitors of enzymes required for the replication of viruses such as《药学专业英语》试卷 第 3 页 （ 共 6 页 ）used as “factories ” to produce valuable proteins such as insulin and stimulators of blood-cell development. Biochemistry is also contributing richly to clinical diagnostics. For example, elevated levels of telltale enzymes in the blood reveal whether a patient has recently had a myocardial infarction(heart attack). DNA probes are coming into play in the precise diagnosis of inherited disorders, infectious diseases, and cancers. Agriculture, too, is benefiting from advances in biochemistry with the development of more effective, environmentally safer herbicides and pesticides and the creation of genetically engineered plants that are, for example, more resistant to insects. All of these endeavors are being accelerated by the advances in genomic sequencing.四、把下面段落译为英文（本题25分）《药学专业英语》试卷 第 4 页 （ 共 6 页 ）学院名 专业班级： 姓名 学号密 封 线 内 不 要 答 题┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃ 密┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃ 封┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃ 线┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃到现在为止，蛋白质最大的分类就是酶类。

Among many early races在很多早期历史中，疾病被认为是恶魔或邪灵进入体内而引起的。

治疗方法相当自然，包括使身体摆脱超自然侵入者。

从历史的最早记录中得出证据，治疗这些疾病的主要方法是通过使用宗教咒语，使用有害物质和特殊中药或植物的使用。

在早期的种族之间，疾病被认为是由恶魔的入侵或者罪恶的灵魂进入体内所引起的。

治疗自然的包括驱除体内的超自然入侵者。

从最早的历史记录开始被证实治疗疾病的主要途径是通过宗教咒语的使用，有害物质的使用和特殊中药或植物的给药。

Before the days of the priestraft在剂师出现之前，那些通过经验或通过口传的关于植物的治愈知识已经被部落的聪明的男人或女人收集起来，他们被召唤来照料那些生病的或受伤的人，并且准备治疗。

这就是在药物的制备中药剂师的技能起源了。

在药剂师出现之前，部落里聪明的人，他们懂得关于植物的治疗特性的知识，这些知识是通过经验或是口口相传下来而收集的。

他们被召集去处理生病或受伤的人并准备治疗法。

在药用材料的准备过程中药剂师这一行业就诞生了。

As time passed随着时间推移，药剂师的角色开始与祭司的功能相结合，并且在早期的文明中术士或医生开始成为身体的治疗者也是灵魂的治疗者。

在他们早期的历史中制药和药物是不能辨别的，因为他们的实践大体是部落宗教领导者的职责。

随着时间推移，药剂师的角色开始与祭司的功能相结合，并且在早期的文明中术士或医生开始成为身体的治疗者也是灵魂的治疗者。

在他们早期的历史中制药和药物是不能辨别的，因为他们的实践大体是部落宗教领导者的职责。

Due to thepatience and由于考古学家的耐心和理解，药物的类别和特殊药物的使用在药物治疗的早期历史中被运用不像猜想中那样难确定。

许多追溯到公元前3000年的古代石碑，卷轴和其他遗物已经被发现和被考古学者解读，这点亮了医药学的历史。

在这些古代文件中与我们传统有特殊的联系。

生物制药专业英语English:Biopharmaceuticals, also known as biologic drugs, are medicinal products derived from living organisms or their components. These drugs are produced through biotechnological processes involving genetic manipulation, recombinant DNA technology, and cell culture techniques. Biopharmaceuticals encompass a wide range of products, including therapeutic proteins, vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and gene therapies. Due to their complex nature and manufacturing process, biopharmaceuticals often require stringent regulation and specialized facilities for production. The development of biopharmaceuticals involves multiple stages, including discovery, preclinical research, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and commercialization. These drugs have revolutionized the treatment of various diseases, offering targeted therapies with high efficacy and reduced side effects compared to traditional pharmaceuticals.中文翻译:生物制药品，又称生物制剂，是从活体生物或其组成部分衍生出来的药品。

生物与制药工程专业英语期末考试学院: 姓名:____________________班级: 学号:一、Translate the following terms into Chinese（1）agrochemical （6）fluidisation 农业化学的流态化（2）cytotoxic （7）periplasmic细胞毒素的原生质外的（3）pharmacognosy （8）cardiovascular生药学心血管的（4）toxicological （9）hepatic毒理学的肝脏的（5）bead （10）adaptability珠子，水珠适应性二、Translate the following terms into English（1）浓度（6）杂质concentration impurity（2）中性（7）成分与性状neutrality discription（3）极易溶解（8）药理作用very soluble phamacological actions（4）定量分析（9）气相色谱quantitative analysis gas chromatography（5）等当点（10）离子色谱equivalent point ion chromatograph三、Word Building（答够十个得满分）anti-antibiotic antibiotic抗生素；抗菌的antifoam 消泡剂antitussive止咳药antihistaminic抗组胺剂antineoplastic抗肿瘤的antidepressant抗抑郁剂antianginal抗心绞痛antibody抗体anticoagulant抗凝血剂antifoaming防沫的antifungal抗真菌的anti-infectives抗感染药物antioxidant抗氧剂antithrombin抗凝血酶antitode 解毒剂等四、Translate the following sentences into Chinese（1）Biologists and chemists divide compounds into two principal classes, inorganic and organic.生物学家和化学家将化合物分为两类，无机和有机。

专业英语考试内容：单词10分句子翻译24分根据课文回答问题24分英译汉药品说明书21分翻译汉译英摘要21分Unit 11 Tablet (The Pharmaceutical Tablets Dosage Form)药片（医药片剂剂型）Role in TherapyA: The oral route of drug admininistration is the most important method of administering drugs ofr systemic effects.Except in cases of Insulin therapy.the parenteral route is not routinely used for self-administration of medication.The topical route of administration has only recently been employed to deliver drugs to the body for systemic effects,with two classes of marketed products:Nitroglycerin for the treatmint of angina and scopolamine for the treatment of motion sickness.Other drugs are certain to follow,but the topical route of administration is limited in its ability to allow effective drug absorption for systemic drug action.A:口服给药是全身效应用药方法中最为重要的。

除了胰岛素治疗，非肠道药途径不常用在自我服药方面。

药学英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "pharmacology" refers to the study of:A. The origin of drugsB. The effects of drugs on the bodyC. The synthesis of drugsD. The distribution of drugs答案：B2. Which of the following is not a route of drug administration?A. OralB. IntravenousC. InhalationD. Electrolysis答案：D3. The half-life of a drug is the time it takes for the concentration of the drug in the body to:A. DoubleB. TripleC. QuadrupleD. Decrease by half答案：D4. Which of the following is a common side effect of antibiotics?A. Dry mouthB. DiarrheaC. InsomniaD. All of the above答案：B5. The abbreviation "IV" stands for:A. IntravenousB. IntramuscularC. IntraperitonealD. Intradermal答案：A6. The term "bioavailability" refers to the:A. Percentage of a drug that is absorbed into the systemic circulationB. Percentage of a drug that is excreted unchangedC. Percentage of a drug that is metabolized in the liverD. Percentage of a drug that is stored in fat tissues答案：A7. Which of the following is a type of drug interaction?A. SynergismB. AntagonismC. PotentiationD. All of the above答案：D8. The therapeutic index of a drug is a measure of its:A. EfficacyB. SafetyC. Cost-effectivenessD. Taste答案：B9. The term "prodrug" refers to a drug that:A. Is already active when administeredB. Requires metabolic activation to become activeC. Is a combination of two drugsD. Is a drug that has been discontinued答案：B10. Which of the following is a method for enhancing drug solubility?A. Salt formationB. Coating with a polymerC. MicronizationD. All of the above答案：D二、填空题（每空1分，共20分）1. The ________ of a drug refers to its ability to reach the site of action in the body.答案：pharmacokinetics2. A drug that is administered as a liquid and is intended to be swallowed is called a ________.答案：solution3. The ________ of a drug is the maximum amount that can be given without causing harmful effects.答案：therapeutic dose4. A drug that is used to treat a specific disease or condition is called a ________.答案：therapeutic agent5. The ________ of a drug is the minimum amount that will produce a therapeutic effect.答案：therapeutic dose6. A drug that is used to prevent a disease or condition is called a ________.答案：prophylactic agent7. The ________ of a drug is the study of its effects on biological systems.答案：pharmacodynamics8. A drug that is used to alleviate symptoms without treating the underlying cause is called a ________.答案：symptomatic agent9. The ________ of a drug is the process by which it isremoved from the body.答案：elimination10. A drug that is used to treat a wide range of conditionsis called a ________.答案：broad-spectrum agent三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. Explain the difference between a generic drug and a brand-name drug.答案：A generic drug is a copy of a brand-name drug that has the same dosage form, safety, strength, quality, performance characteristics, and intended use. A brand-name drug is the original version of a drug that has beendeveloped by a pharmaceutical company and is protected by a patent.2. What are the factors that can influence the absorption ofa drug?答案：Factors that can influence the absorption of a drug include the route of administration, the formulation of the drug, the presence of food in the stomach, the pH of the gastrointestinal tract, and the individual's health status.3. Describe the process of drug metabolism.答案：Drug metabolism is the process by which the body breaks down and eliminates drugs. It typically involves two phases: Phase I reactions, which involve oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis to make the drug more polar, and Phase。

生物专业英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is not a type of cell organelle?A. MitochondriaB. NucleusC. RibosomeD. Cell wall2. The process of DNA replication is catalyzed by:A. PolymeraseB. TransposaseC. LigaseD. Helicase3. In eukaryotic cells, where is the transcription of DNA primarily carried out?A. CytoplasmB. MitochondriaC. NucleusD. Ribosomes4. What is the basic unit of heredity in all living organisms?A. GeneB. ChromosomeC. DNA moleculeD. Protein5. The term "genome" refers to:A. The complete set of genes of an organismB. The entire DNA of an organismC. The sum of all the proteins in an organismD. The collection of all the cells in an organism6. Which of the following is a method of genetic engineering?A. CrossbreedingB. CloningC. CRISPR-Cas9D. Natural selection7. What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?A. To provide the energy for the processB. To carry specific amino acids to the ribosomeC. To serve as the template for protein synthesisD. To catalyze the formation of peptide bonds8. The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that the allele frequencies in a population will remain constant in the absence of:A. MigrationB. Genetic driftC. Natural selectionD. All of the above9. Which of the following is not a type of mutation?A. DeletionB. InsertionC. TranslocationD. Translation10. The process of photosynthesis primarily occurs in the:A. Cell wallB. CytoplasmC. ChloroplastsD. Nucleus二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）1. The chemical structure of DNA is a double ________ helix.2. The process by which a fertilized egg develops into a mature organism is called ________.3. In genetics, the term "dominant" refers to an allele that expresses its effect when ________.4. The scientific name for a species is composed of two parts: the genus name and the ________ name.5. The primary function of the Golgi apparatus is to ________, modify, and package proteins for secretion or delivery toother organelles.三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1. Explain the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.2. Describe the process of mitosis and its significance incell division.四、翻译题（每题15分，共30分）1. Translate the following sentence into English:"基因编辑技术，如CRISPR-Cas9，为研究和治疗遗传性疾病提供了新的可能性。

专业英语考试内容：单词10分句子翻译24分根据课文回答问题24分英译汉药品说明书21分翻译汉译英摘要21分Unit 11 Tablet (The Pharmaceutical Tablets Dosage Form)药片（医药片剂剂型）Role in TherapyA: The oral route of drug admininistration is the most important method of administering drugs ofr systemic effects.Except in cases of Insulin therapy.the parenteral route is not routinely used for self-administration of medication.The topical route of administration has only recently been employed to deliver drugs to the body for systemic effects,with two classes of marketed products:Nitroglycerin for the treatmint of angina and scopolamine for the treatment of motion sickness.Other drugs are certain to follow,but the topical route of administration is limited in its ability to allow effective drug absorption for systemic drug action.A:口服给药是全身效应用药方法中最为重要的。

除了胰岛素治疗，非肠道药途径不常用在自我服药方面。

生物学专业英语试卷及答案一、词汇互译(共10小题,每题3分,共计30分1、citric acid:柠檬酸2、glucose isomerase:葡萄糖异构酶3、mutation:突变4、interferon:干扰素5、ultracentrifugation:超离心6、无血清培养基:serum free medium7、生物反应器:bioreactor8、包埋:entrapment9、参比变量:reference variable10、果糖:frutose二、英译汉(共5小题,每题10分,共计50分1、Most of the structures that make up animals,plants and microbes are made from three basic classes of molecule:amino acids,carbohydrates and lipids(often called fats.As these molecules are vital for life,metabolic reactions either focus on making these molecules during the construction of cells and tissues,or breaking them down and using them as a source of energy,in the digestion and use of food.构成动物、植物和微生物的主要结构是由三个基础种类的分子组成:氨基酸、碳水化合物和脂类(常成为脂肪。

由于这些分子对生命非常重要,因此代谢反应关注的或者是在细胞和组织形成中这些分子的形成,或者是在消化和食物利用中分解它们并将它们作为能量的来源。

2、The researcher then uses these"scissors"to cut an opening into the plasmid—the ring of DNA often found in bacteria outside of a cell.Next,the researcher"pastes"or places the gene segment into the plasmid.Because the cut ends of both the plasmid and the gene segment are chemically"sticky"they attach to each other,forming a plasmid containing the new gene.To complete the process,researchers use another enzyme to paste or secure the new gene in place.研究人员再用这些“剪刀”在质粒上打开一个缺口(质粒是一种环状双链DNA,通常位于细菌细胞外。

生物专业英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is not a characteristic of living organisms?A. Response to stimuliB. Growth and reproductionC. Cellular structureD. Inorganic composition2. The basic unit of life is the:A. OrganB. TissueC. CellD. Organism3. What is the term for the process by which organisms convert sunlight into chemical energy?A. PhotosynthesisB. RespirationC. FermentationD. Transpiration4. In genetics, the term "allele" refers to:A. A pair of genesB. A single geneC. A variant form of a geneD. A group of genes5. Which of the following is not a type of biomolecule?A. CarbohydratesB. LipidsC. ProteinsD. Metals6. The process by which a fertilized egg develops into a mature organism is called:A. GrowthB. DevelopmentC. DifferentiationD. Reproduction7. What is the function of the mitochondria in a cell?A. Protein synthesisB. DNA replicationC. Energy productionD. Cell wall synthesis8. The scientific method involves which of the following steps?A. Observation, hypothesis, experimentation, conclusionB. Hypothesis, experimentation, observation, conclusionC. Observation, experimentation, hypothesis, conclusionD. Hypothesis, observation, experimentation, conclusion9. Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?A. Lack of a nucleusB. Presence of a nucleusC. Circular DNAD. Absence of organelles10. The study of the relationships among living organisms is known as:A. AnatomyB. PhysiologyC. TaxonomyD. Ecology二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The largest organ in the human body is the __________.2. The process by which plants absorb water and nutrients is called __________.3. The genetic material of all living organisms is composed of __________.4. In cellular respiration, glucose is broken down to produce __________ and water.5. The study of the structure of organisms is called__________.6. The basic unit of heredity is the __________.7. The process of cell division that produces genetically identical cells is called __________.8. The scientific name of humans is __________.9. The process by which an organism's traits are passed on to its offspring is called __________.10. The study of the interactions between organisms and their environment is called __________.三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. Explain the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.2. Describe the role of DNA in the inheritance of traits.3. What are the main stages of the cell cycle?4. Discuss the importance of biodiversity in an ecosystem.四、论述题（20分）Discuss the impact of genetic engineering on modern agriculture and its potential risks.答案：一、选择题1. D2. C3. A4. C5. D6. B7. C8. A9. B 10. C二、填空题1. Skin2. Absorption3. Nucleic acids4. ATP5. Anatomy6. Gene7. Mitosis8. Homo sapiens9. Inheritance 10. Ecology三、简答题1. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and various membrane-bound organelles.2. DNA carries the genetic information that determines an organism's traits and is passed from parents to offspring through reproduction.3. The main stages of the cell cycle include interphase (G1, S, and G2 phases) and the mitotic phase (mitosis and cytokinesis).4. Biodiversity is crucial for ecosystem stability, providinga variety of resources and services, and maintaining ecological balance.四、论述题Genetic engineering has revolutionized agriculture by increasing crop yields, improving resistance to pests and diseases, and enhancing nutritional content. However, it also poses potential risks such as the creation of superweeds, gene flow to wild relatives, and ethical concerns regarding the manipulation of life forms.。

2011 至 2012 学年第 2 学期药学专业英语 试卷 A 卷出卷教师： 适应班级：国生物F0904班~F0906班考试方式：闭卷 本试卷考试分数占学生总评成绩的 80 %题号 一 二 三 四 五 总分 核分人 得分复查总分 总复查人一、单词、短语英译汉（本题20分，每小题0.5分）1.angiotensin2.morphology3.benign4.malignant5.oxide6.catalyst7.ingestion8.contamination9.mammalian 10.ligand11.standard deviation12.diabetes 13.additive 14.tumor 15.solvent 16.solute 17.symptom anoelement 19.hydride《药学专业英语》试卷 第 1 页 （ 共 6 页 ）20.decay 21.high-throughput 22.mainstay23.receptor 24.donor25.Bioorganic chemistry 26.synthesis 27.transformation 28.modification 29.toxicity 30.arbitrarily 31.new lead compound 32.screening 33.secrete pound 35.ulcer 36.nucleus 37.liver 38.mechanism 39.tissue 40.virus二、单词、短语汉译英（本题20分，每空0.5分）1.药理学2.亲和性、亲和力3.毒素4.类毒素5.生理学《药学专业英语》试卷 第 2 页 （ 共 6 页 ）得分 评卷人得分 评卷人学院名称 专业班级： 姓名： 学号：我密 封 线 内 不 要 答 题┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃ 密┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃ 封┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃ 线 ┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃6.高血压7.抗生素8.抗菌药9.组织学 10.免疫学 11.寄生虫 12.拮抗作用 13.三维结构 14.化学感受器 15.共价的16.镇静、缓和、减轻 17.药剂 18.剂量 19.量校20.激动剂、兴奋剂 21.拮抗剂 22.依赖性 23.耐受、耐受性 24.首过效应 25.首过消除26.效价，药效 27.强心苷 28.排泄29.缓冲液 30.流动相 31.固定相32.药物分析 33.水溶剂 34.荧光 35.光谱法《药学专业英语》试卷 第 3 页 （ 共 6 页 ）36.平衡常数 37.干扰物质 38.基准物质 39.灵敏度 40.标准溶液三、文章英译汉（本题20分）The injury is abnormal but the body ’s reaction, inflammation, is a normal, if complex,physiological reaction ----the only one possible in the circumstances of that particular injury. This reactive nature of inflammation was first recognized by John Hunter (1794), who, after his studies of war wounds, concluded: “Inflammation is itself not to be considered as a disease, but as a salutary operation consequent either to some violence or some disease ”. The purpose of inflammation is to localize and eliminate the causative agent, limit tissue injury, and restore tissue to normality.The inflammatory response is usually beneficial, indeed it is essential in combating most infections and in limiting the harmful effects of many toxic agents. However it is not always of benefit. There are many situations when destruction of tissue or other untoward effects are due not to the damaging agent but to one or other aspect of the body ’s response to injury. For example in acute inflammation of the larynx, there may be sufficient inflammatory swelling to obstruct the airway and cause death from asphyxia. Inflammation is best considered not as a single process but as a collection of distinct processes, each of which may have evolved for defence against injury, but each of which has also potentially deleterious effects.《药学专业英语》试卷 第 4 页 （ 共 6 页 ）得分 评卷人学院名称 专业班级： 姓名： 学号：我密 封 线 内 不 要 答 题┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃ 密┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃ 封┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃ 线┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃四、汉译英（本题20分）药物分析中遇到的样品几乎都是混合物，有时候是非常复杂的混合物。