(宇宙)高中英语阅读短文《发现黑洞》及答案

高三宇宙奥秘英语阅读理解30题1<背景文章>Black holes are one of the most fascinating and mysterious phenomena in the universe. A black hole is formed when a massive star collapses at the end of its life. The gravitational pull of a black hole is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape from it.The formation of a black hole begins with the collapse of a massive star. As the star runs out of fuel, it can no longer support its own weight and begins to collapse. The collapse continues until the star reaches a critical density, at which point it becomes a black hole.Black holes have several unique characteristics. One of the most notable is their event horizon, which is the boundary beyond which nothing can escape. Another characteristic is their intense gravitational field, which can distort the space and time around them.Black holes can have a significant impact on the surrounding celestial bodies. They can attract and swallow nearby stars and planets, and their gravitational pull can also affect the orbits of other celestial bodies.Scientists are still working to understand black holes better. They use a variety of tools and techniques, such as telescopes and computer simulations, to study these mysterious objects. Despite significant progressin recent years, there is still much that we don't know about black holes.1. What is a black hole formed by?A. A small star collapsing.B. A massive star collapsing.C. A planet collapsing.D. A moon collapsing.答案：B。

霍金对黑洞提出全新说明Wait, so my life may not have disappeared down a black hole after all?等等，你适才是说，我可不能被黑洞所吞噬？There is a chance for it to emerge and bloom like the career of D avid Hasselhoff?It's charming when a phrase enters the language and we think we all know what it means. In the case of "black hole," we think of an infinity of black nothingness that swallows everything that slips into it. But now, in a new paper called "Information Preservation and Weather Forecasting for Black Holes," Stephen Hawking has cast the cat among the black, holey（多洞的）pigeons and cau sed a scattering of incomprehension.His precise words were: "The absence of event horizons mean that there are no black holes -- in the sense of r eg imes from which light can't escape to infinity."It seems clear. There are no forever and ever holes of blackness. There is always the chance that light might emerge.Hawking continued, however: "There are howe ver apparent horizons which persist for a period of time. This suggests that black holes should be redefined as metastable bound states of the gravitational field."So there are black holes. It's just that we should redefine them a touch. So what's this apparent horizon?Well, it's "a surface along which light rays attempting to rush away from the bla ck hole's core will be suspended."But if they're su spended, they will never emerge, stuck in solitary confinement like the Man in the Iron Mask. The result is surely still the same. Once something disappears into a black hole, it's done for.At times of existential stress like these, I turn to Nat ure magazinefor help. It suggests that, at least in theory (and, let's face it, this is all theory), black holes might at some point disappear.However, the magazine offers a dispiriting set of words from Don Page, a physicist from the University of Edmonton in Canada. It might be possible that particles could emerge from black holes, he said. Oh, cry of joy.However, if particle s did "it would be worse than tr ying to reconstruct a book that you burned from its ashes."Ah, now that's a feeling I'm familiar with.。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案diffuseIn the endless sky, the unaided human eye should be ableto perceive several thousand stars on a clear, darknight. Unfortunately, growing light pollution has disabled people from the nightly view.New citizen-science-based research throws alarming light on the problem of “sky glow”—the diffuse illumination(漫射照明) of the night sky that is a form of light pollution. The data came from crowd-sourced observations collected from around the world as part of Globe at Night, a program developed by astronomer Connie Walker.Light pollution has harmful effects on the practice of astronomy but also on human health and wildlife, since it disturbs the cycle from sunlight to starlight that biological systems have evolved alongside. Furthermore, the loss of visible stars is a great loss of human cultural heritage. Until relatively recently, humans throughout history had an impressive view of the starry night sky, and the effect of this nightly spectacle(壮观) is evident in ancient cultures.Globe at Night has been gathering data on star visibility since 2006. Anyone can submit observations through the Globe at Night web application. Participants record which one best matches what they can see in the sky without any telescopes or other instruments.Researchers find that the loss of visible stars indicates an increase in sky brightness of 9. 6% per year while roughly 2% is measured by satellites. Existing satellites are not well suited to measuring sky glow as it appears to humans, because they can not detect wavelengths shorter than 500 nanometers(纳米). White LEDs, with shorter wavelengths under 500 nanometers, now are increasingly commonly used in outdoor lighting. But human eyes are more sensitive to these shorter wavelengths at nighttime. Space-based instruments do not measure light from windows, either. But these sources are significant contributors to sky glow as seen from the ground.“The increase in sky glow over the past decade underlines the importance of redoubling our efforts and developing new strategies to protect dark skies,”said Walker. “The Globe at Night dataset is necessary in our ongoing evaluation of changesin sky glow, and we encourage whoever can to get involved to help protect the starry night sky.”12. What is a purpose of Globe at Night?A. To develop new light sources.B. To collect data on star visibility.C. To help astronomers explore space.D. To popularize science among citizens.13. What does the loss of visible stars lead to?A. Poorer human health.B. Fewer wildlife species.C. More delicate biological systems.D. Less nightly culture elements of the sky.14. What does the author stress in paragraph 5?A. Satellites play a vital role.B. White LEDs are widely used.C. Crowd-sourced data are invaluable.D. Shorter wavelengths are hard to detect.15. What can be inferred from Walker’s words?A Their consistent efforts pay off.B. The dataset needs to be updated.C. More participants are expected to join in.D. The sky glow has been over—emphasized.The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list.New research found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia(痴呆症) in later life—and if they did，it came on a decade later than less sporty women.Lead researcher Dr Helena Hörder，of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden，said：“These findings are exciting because it’s possible that improving people’s cardiovascular(心血管的) fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.”For the study,191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were tired out to measure their peak(最大值的) cardiovascular capacity.The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts.A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level with a capacity of 120 watts or higher，while 92 women were in the medium fitness category.A total of 59 were of low fitness level，with a peak workload of 80 watts or less，or having their tests stopped because of health problems.These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades.During that time,44 of the women developed dementia.Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia，compared to 25 percent of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness.“However，this study does not show cause andeffect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia，it only shows an association，”said Hörder.“More research is neededto see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important.”She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied，all ofwhom were from Sweden，so the results might notbe applicable to other groups.27．What is on the ever-growing list mentioned in the first paragraph?A．Positive effects of doing exercise.B．Exercises suitable for the middle-aged.C．Experimental studies on dementia.D．Advantages of sporty women over men.28．Why did the researchers ask the women to do bicycle exercise?A．To predict their maximum heart rate.B．To assess their cardiovascular capacity.C．To change their habit of working out.D．To detect their potential health problems. 29．What do we know about Dr Hörder’s study?A．It aimed to find a cure for dementia.B．Data collection was a lengthy process.C．Some participants withdrew from it.D．The results were far from satisfactory.30．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia B．Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise C．Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia D．Biking Improves Women’s Cardiovascular Fitness以上就是本文的全部内容。

高一宇宙探索英语阅读理解30题1<背景文章>The solar system is a fascinating place. It consists of the sun, eight planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and other celestial bodies. The sun is at the center of the solar system and is a massive ball of hot gas. It provides light and heat to all the planets.The eight planets in the solar system are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Each planet has its own unique characteristics. Mercury is the closest planet to the sun and is very hot during the day and very cold at night. Venus is known as the Earth's sister planet because it is similar in size and composition. However, it has a thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide, which makes it very hot.Earth is the only planet known to support life. It has a moderate climate and a large amount of water. Mars is often called the Red Planet because of its reddish color. It has a thin atmosphere and evidence of past water.Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. It has a thick atmosphere of hydrogen and helium and many moons. Saturn is known for its beautiful rings. Uranus and Neptune are ice giants and have very cold temperatures.The planets in the solar system are in different positions. They orbit the sun in elliptical paths. The distance between the planets and the sun varies, which affects their temperatures and climates.1. The sun is at the center of the solar system and is a massive ball of ___.A. waterB. gasC. rockD. ice答案：B。

初三英语太空探索与宇宙科学阅读理解25题1<背景文章>Mars Exploration: Past, Present and FutureMars has always fascinated scientists and space enthusiasts alike. In the past, several missions have been launched to explore the Red Planet. The Viking missions in the 1970s were among the first to land on Mars and conduct scientific experiments.These early missions provided valuable insights into the Martian atmosphere, surface features, and potential for life. Since then, many more missions have been sent to Mars. The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, for example, has been studying the planet from orbit, mapping its surface and looking for signs of water.Current research on Mars is focused on understanding its geology, climate, and potential habitability. Scientists are also looking for evidence of past or present life on Mars. Future plans include sending humans to Mars. This would be a major milestone in space exploration.However, there are many challenges to overcome before humans can set foot on Mars. These include the long journey time, radiation exposure, and the need for sustainable life support systems.1. The Viking missions were launched in ____.A. the 1960sB. the 1970sC. the 1980sD. the 1990s答案：B。

2023年北京重点校高二（下）期末英语汇编阅读理解C篇一、阅读理解（2023春·北京朝阳·高二统考期末）Growing up, Chelsea Wood dreamed of becoming a sea biologist and studying large, exciting animals like sharks. Instead, she later found herself looking through a microscope at the organs of a snail(蜗牛) and saw thousands of little white sausage-shaped parasites(寄生虫). Through the microscope, each parasite had two dark eyespots, which made them surprisingly attractive. “I couldn’t believe that I’d been looking at snails for as long as I had and missing all the cool stuff happening inside them,” says Wood, now a parasitologist at University of Washington.Nearly half of all known animals on Earth are parasites. According to one study, a tenth of them may already be certain to extinction due to climate change, loss of their hosts, and intentional attempts of wiping them out. But now it seems that few people care.By definition, parasites live in or on a host and take something from that host. But not all parasites cause harm, and only a small percentage affect their hosts. In fact, parasites play essential roles in ecosystems, keeping some populations in check while helping to feed others. Without parasites keeping them in check, populations of some animals would explode. Many parasites move into their next host by controlling the host they’re in, which drive that host into an animal’s mouth so that the animal can be fed.Even human health wouldn’t entirely benefit from wiping out parasites. The human immune system(免疫系统) evolved with a group of parasites, and when we killed them off, our immune systems began attacking ourselves. Some people with Crohn’s disease have even purposely infected themselves with intestinal(肠道的) parasites live deserves our attention. If you get to understand them, you may find the bravery and attraction of parasites. They’ve evolved clever means of survival, from becoming a fish’s tongue to controlling the mind of cockroach(蟑螂).However, scientists aren’t eager to save all the parasites. The guinea worm, for instance, gets a hard pass from even the most stubborn conservationists. It grows to adulthood inside a person’s leg, causing harm to one’s health. Ultimately, the goal of promoting parasite conservation isn’t to make everyone fall in love with them. Instead, it’s to call a relaxation in our war against all of them, because there’s still so much we don’t understand about their value to ecosystems and maybe even to people.1．What does the author indicate by referring to Chelsea Wood’s story?A．All parasitologists initially intended to study parasites.B．Parasites are easily ignored compared with large animals.C．Animals like sharks have more research value than parasites.D．Scientists study parasites because of their attractive appearance.2．The author uses the example underlined in paragraph 4 to __________.A．introduce an approach B．draw a comparisonC．present an assumption D．illustrate an argument3．What can we infer from the passage?A．Parasites can smartly survive without their hosts.B．Conservationists believe all parasites should be protected.C．Some parasites are important for the balance of our ecosystem.D．Parasites can change their hosts by directly moving onto other animals.4．Which would be the best title for the passage?A．Why are parasites Dying Out?B．Why Should We Spare Parasites?C．How Do Parasites Affect Ecosystems?D．How Can We Create a World Without Parasites?（2023春·北京大兴·高二统考期末）Do you know the websites that let you name a star after your beloved one, your kid or your dog for a small fee? Yeah, those are all fake— you could pay me to “name” a star for $50, and I’ll take your money and show the name online. I’ll even send you a fancy certificate! It seems that you’ve named a star, but it just doesn’t count.Actually, the only organization that owns official naming rights is the International Astronomical Union, or the IAU. It was founded in 1919 and based in Paris, France. It is where astronomers and other professionals have reached the agreements and is the official record-keeping body for all discoveries in space.Recently they do open up an opportunity for the public to name a dozen of planets outside the solar system. These planets will be among the first to be studied with the James Webb Space Telescope. However, they currently only have boring and complicated documents that were used to find them. That’s why the IAU is looking for something more interesting.But before you start naming the planets, you should know the rules. First, nothing is rude or annoying. Second, the name should be less than 16 characters long and pronounceable in at least one language with no commercial or business names and nothing is named after a living individual or a pet.The competition, named “Stars Worlds”, is open next Thursday, January 20th. It’s the third such contest the IAU has held, and the purpose is to get the public more interested in science as well as the organization. The competition also helps to break centuries of European dominance when it comes to naming things in the night sky. So people around the world can share the joy of discovery and make their mark in history.5．How does the author introduce the topic of the passage?A．By listing figures.B．By taking an example.C．By offering a solution.D．By showing differences.6．What can we know about the IAU from the passage?A．It was founded by France.B．It studies the space telescope.C．It organizes trips to the space.D．It has the right to name the stars.7．What is the last paragraph mainly about?A．Why the competition is held.B．How the competition develops.C．What to expect in the competition.D．How to take part in the competition.8．Where is this passage most likely taken from?A．A novel.B．A textbook.C．A diary.D．A magazine.（2023春·北京海淀·高二统考期末）Hardly a day goes by without some new claim promising to bring uscloser to the metaverse(元宇宙) in the not-too-distant future. On hearing this, some will feel pure excitement, but others will feel unsure or downright opposed. Our habit in recent history has been looking down upon those with doubts on technological progress. It may be time to re-examine that.There has been a backlash to technology since historical memories began. Every new form of communication has attracted criticism for increasing the pace of life. For example, people once feared that cars travelling at 20 to 30 miles per hour might rob their passengers of oxygen.When we look back, contemporary resistance to technological advancement can look completely foolish, but often it isn’t. The Luddites, for example, the destroyer of mill (作坊) machinery in the early industrial revolution, are generally referred to as a historical joke. But if we look at their real complaints, it wasn’t some naive anti-progress movement; it was about economics. Cotton mills replaced skilled, home-based, independent work with lower-skilled work in a factory, accompanied by much less autonomy and much less pay.The mill might have been more efficient and thus more profitable, but it would take decades of campaigning to distribute those gains even approximately fairly—with the birth of the trade union movement, the welfare state and more. So, was their resistance really so unreasonable?While metaverse advocates would like to paint skeptics as simply rooted in the past, at least some doubts are well founded. The reasons to be cautious of the next wave of technology are varied. One is simply whether the technologies in question are where they are claimed to be. If the company has a habit of over promising, few in the know will take its claims of inventions seriously.Other more striking metaverse technologies rely on virtual reality, which still largely consists of heavy headsets and odd arm controls—all just to be able to operate an avatar through an awkward online world. VR has been “the next big thing” for decades and the public has consistently felt otherwise: there isn’t much to do once you are there, the technology gives many people motion sickness and, perhaps most problematically of all, the whole thing just seems extremely silly. Another popular innovation, health tracking, hasn’t caught the wider public by storm because many consumers worry about what will happen to their data.There is much to anticipate as we bring online and offline worlds together. But we should learn not to dismiss concerns or caution about this, either. There are many rational reasons for people to take part in the techlash.9．What does the underlined word “backlash” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?A．Exposure.B．Commitment.C．Opposition.D．Transformation.10．What can we learn about the Luddites movement?A．It contributed to the success of the industrial revolution.B．It made lower-skilled workers replaced by mills.C．It led to the birth of the trade union movement.D．It was launched largely for economic reasons.11．People are hesitant about the next wave of technology partly because they _________.A．are not interested in virtual realityB．think some companies make overstatementsC．worry about the inaccuracy of their data collectedD．are embarrassed about wearing the awkward headsets12．As for technological innovation, the author would agree _________.A．enthusiasts are being unreasonableB．the public should stay cool-headedC．most of the criticism is groundlessD．people should welcome new technology（2023春·北京西城·高二统考期末）This week I watched an international news program and saw what looked like most of the planet—the Americas, Africa, Europe, Asia—painted in bright oranges and reds. Fahrenheit (华氏温度的) temperatures in three-digit numbers seemed to burn all over on the world map.Heat records have burst around the globe. This very weekend, crops are burning, roads are bending and seas are rising, while lakes recede, or even disappear. Ice sheets melt in rising heat, and wildfires attack forests. People are dying in this heat. Lives of all kinds are threatened, in cities, fields, seas, deserts and forests. Wildlife, farm animals, insects and human beings are in pain.The UN’s World Meteorological Organization (WMO) says there is more deadly heat in our future because of climate change caused by our species on this planet. Even with advances in wind, solar and other alternative energy sources, and international promises and agreements, the world still derives about 80% of its energy from fossil fuels, like oil, gas and coal, which release the carbon dioxide that’s warmed the climate to the current temperatures of this hot summer. The WMO’s chief, Petteri Taalas, said this week, “In the future these kinds of heatwaves are going to be normal.”The most alarming word in his forecast might be: “normal.” I’m of a generation that thought of summer as a sunny time for children. I think of long days spent outdoors without worry, playing games or just wandering. John Updike wrote in his poem, “June”:The sun is richAnd gladly paysIn golden hours,Silver days,And long green weeksThat never end.School’s out. The timeIs ours to spend.There’s Little League,Hopscotch, the creek,And, after supper,Hide-and-seek.The live-long lightIs like a dream...But now that bright, “live-long light,” of which Updike wrote, might look threatening in a summer like this.The extremely hot weeks that we see this year cause one to wonder if our failures to care for the planet given to us will make our children look forward to summer, or fear another season of heat.13．What does the underlined word “derive” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A．Get.B．Reduce.C．Waste.D．Save.14．According to WMO, ______.A．alternative energy is the solution to climate changeB．the heatwaves are caused by the advanced technologyC．agreements need to be signed to deal with climate changeD．use of traditional energy is responsible for the heatwaves15．Why does the author mention John Updike’s poem?A．To describe the beauty of summer.B．To indicate the end of happy summers.C．To compare different feelings about summer.D．To suggest ways for children to spend summer.16．Which might be the best title for the passage?A．What leads to a hot summer B．Children are afraid of summerC．Burning summers are the future D．How we can survive a hot summer（2023春·北京东城·高二统考期末）Overly technical language in science articles doesn’t just muddy the waters for non-experts—it can alienate readers, potentially shutting them out from scientific discussion and knowledge. That’s the conclusion of a study published in the Journal of Language and Social Psychology, and it applies to general-interest articles just as much as to scientific papers.“When we have a hard time conceptualizing information, we become really scared of it,” says lead author Hillary Shulman, a communication researcher. Scientists can create “unnecessary barriers” with words, she says. The study involved 650 members of the general public who read paragraphs on three cutting-edge topics: self-driving cars, robotic surgery and 3D bio-printing. The members are divided into two groups: for the experimental group, the paragraphs were loaded with jargon terms (行业术语), such as “remote ergonomic console”; for the control group, the paragraphs were written with words that are familiar to most readers, such as “separate control panel”.After reading the passages, the study participants rated their experience in a series of questionnaires. Those who read jargon-filled paragraphs were more likely to say that they had difficulty understanding the language and the information. They were also significantly more likely to say that they weren’t good at science, and less likely to say that they would seek out information on the topic in the future. Some of the participants who read the jargon- heavy text received links to definitions of technical terms, but that didn’t reduce their frustrations or enhance their feelings of understanding.Scientists can learn to cut back on their use of technical language when talking to people who are not researchers,says Ayelet Baram-Tsabari, a science-communication researcher. She co-authored a January study showing that scientists with media training can write articles that are just as engaging as pieces written by professional journalists. “Avoiding jargon is a fundamental part of that, but it’s not the whole story,” she says. To really connect with the public, she recommends that scientists tell a story that’s relevant to the audience. Members of the public aren’t the only ones who can be turned off by jargon, Shulman says. Students can be, too. “I teach a class with 400 undergrads,” she says. “When you’re training people, you can introduce jargon with a little more sensitivity. You’re trying to invite them into the environment.”Of course, technical words still have an important function in science. Shulman’s paper is itself heavily loaded with terms such as “metacognition” and “self-schema”. “The irony of that is not lost on me,” she says. “When it comes to scientific literature, you can’t get anything published unless it’s full of jargon. Scientists want to speak to other scientists in the most precise way possible.”17．In the study, participants in the experimental group probably find themselves ______.A．lacking in elementary reading skillsB．uninterested in reading definitions of jargonC．incompetent to deal with complex informationD．not confident about grasping new science topics18．According to Baram-Tsabari, scientists had better ______.A．publicize science in a more accessible wayB．receive the training for professional journalistsC．limit jargon in communication with each otherD．conduct extensive research related to the public19．What does Shulman think of using jargon in her paper?A．Disadvantageous.B．Shameful.C．Unavoidable.D．Tricky.（2023春·北京平谷·高二统考期末）With the development of technology, computers are more capable of using language. Large language models ( LLMs) , of which the most famous is ChatGPT, produce what looks like human writing. However, a debate has been aroused over these items: what the machines are actually doing internally and what the operation of the brain is when humans speak.According to Professor Noam Chomsky, a famous linguist( 语言学家) , human language is different from all other kinds of communication. All human languages are more similar to each other than they are to other types of communication, such as whale song or computer code. In a recent New York Times op-ed, Chomsky and two co-authors said “ we know” that computers do not think or use language as humans do. LLMs, in fact, just predict the next word in a string of words.It is hard to understand what LLMs “think”. Details of the programming and training data of commercial ones like ChatGPT are proprietary. And not even the programmers know exactly what is going on inside.Linguists have, however, found clever ways to test LLMs’ underlying knowledge. They found that LLMs can handle some new words and grasp parts of speech. For example, tell ChatGPT that “dax” is a verb meaning to eat a slice of pizza by folding it, and the system can use it easily: “ After a long day at work, I like to relax and dax on aslice of pizza while watching my favourite TV show. ”GPT-3 ( the LLM underlying ChatGPT until the recent release of GPT-4 ) is estimated to be trained on about 1, 000 times the data a human ten-year-old is exposed to. That leaves open the possibility that children have an inborn tendency to grammar, making them far more proficient than any LLM. In a forthcoming paper in Linguistic Inquiry, researchers claim to have trained an LLM on no more text than a human child is exposed to, finding that it can use even rare bits of grammar. But other researchers have tried to train an LLM on a database of only child-directed language. Here LLMs behaved worse. Perhaps the brain really is built for language, as Professor Chomsky says. 20．According to Noam Chomsky, ______.A．whale songs are similar to computer codeB．no further research shall be carried out on ChatGPTC．computers do not deal with language like humans doD．human language is based on other kinds of communication21．It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that______ .A．LLMs might become a tool of learning languagesB．some linguists are opposed to the technology of LLMsC．linguists have the hobby of daxing on a slice of pizzaD．any complicated word in the world can be handled via LLMs22．The passage mainly tells us ______.A．what LLMs are not capable ofB．how linguists understand LLMsC．why human should reject ChatGPTD．that human languages would be replaced by ChatGPT参考答案1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B【导语】本文为说明文。

宇宙掠食者：黑洞（节选）阅读附答案阅读下面的文字，完成问题。

宇宙掠食者：黑洞（节选）①在我们的银河系中心区域，就存在一个大黑洞，它已经吞进了相当于百万个太阳质量的物质。

大质量黑洞每小时能吞食相当于4个地球质量的物质；质量为太阳25亿倍的超级黑洞，胃口更大得惊人：每小时要吞下约600个地球质量的物质。

而目前已知的保持最高纪录的黑洞位于室女星座，其质量超过太阳的50亿倍。

②黑洞具有许多奇异的特性。

假如有种魔法，让你乘坐宇宙飞船进入黑洞，那么，在飞船接近黑洞时，时间将放慢，船体将被拉伸变长。

接着，飞船在让黑洞吞没之前被强大的引力撕得粉碎，当然，你也在劫难逃。

这个引力有多大呢？科学家推算出，对一个质量与太阳相当的黑洞来说，一个70公斤重的人在进入黑洞底部的途中，要承受相当于地球引力10亿倍的巨大吸引力。

在这样的压力下，任何物体都将粉身碎骨，并最终被抛入奇点。

在奇点位置，所有的科学定律都不再发挥作用。

③黑洞原本是根据爱因斯坦的广义相对论推导出来的天体，由于它根本不发出可见光，因而不能用光学望远镜去找到它们。

使得在宇宙中搜寻黑洞，简直就像在qī（）黑的地窖里寻找一只黑猫，而这个地窖体积有上百亿立方光年大。

所幸的是，科学家能从一些间接证据去推断黑洞的存在。

比如，由于黑洞的巨大引力，它会一直吸引处在它周围的尘āi（）或气体云，从而形成巨大的吸盘。

随着气体向黑洞汇集，这些气体会被极大地压缩，从而达到非常高的温度。

这样，这些炽热气体便会发出极强的X射线，足以从地球上探测到。

根据这个道理，科学家于1971年首次发现了一个来自天鹅星座的极强的X射线源，被具体确认为第一个新发现的黑洞。

此外，黑洞可以使处在它表面的空间和途经其边缘的光线变形弯曲。

越靠近黑洞，空间就会缠绕得越厉害。

通过对这些现象的综合探测分析，科学家们发现了更多的黑洞。

④黑洞为我们展现了新的宇宙谜团，同时也为我们解答许多科学难题提供了重要线索。

对黑洞的探索，也将继续引导我们在无边无际、超越了时空概念的无限宇宙空间遨游。

主题语境：人与自然---太空探索Astronauts Find Missing Tomato宇航员找到失踪的番茄In September, 2023, NASA astronaut Frank Rubio returned from spending over a year in space. His record and his efforts were celebrated. But questions remained about a tomato that had gone missing while he was in space. Now, the mystery tomato has been found.Mr. Rubio set a record by spending 371 days on the International Space Station (ISS). He had expected to spend about six months in space. But he wound up spending more than twice that time after the spacecraft that brought him to the ISS was damaged.In his time on the ISS, Mr. Rubio, along with other astronauts, worked on dozens of experiments, one of which involved trying to grow tomatoes in space.Not only were the plants growing in space, but they were being grown with only air and water – and no soil. One goal of the experiment was to learn how to grow fruits and vegetables to help feed astronauts on long trips through space.When the plant finally produced tomatoes, all of the astronauts on board the ISS got to sample them except Mr. Rubio, who had lost his tomato. He had put the tomato in a plastic bag, and had brought it out to show to some students who were on a video call. Mr. Rubio believed that he had used V elcro(魔术贴) to attach the bag to part of the ISS. But when he came back afterward, he found that the bag was gone.Because there is so little gravity on the ISS, things that are not attached can simply float away. Mr. Rubio always believed that was what had happened to the tomato. The ISS is a small place for lots of astronauts to live, but it has many, many places where little things can get lost.But the other members of the ISS crew enjoyed teasing Mr. Rubio about the missing tomato. They claimed that he ate it, but just didn’t w ant to admit it. It became a joke among the astronauts.Mr. Rubio says he spent many hours looking for the tomato. But his search came up empty. He believed that the tomato had dried out, and someone else had found it and thrown it away.Last week, it was finally found. But the joking about the tomato continued even after Mr. Rubio returned to Earth. One of NASA’s leader’s even jokingly asked Mr. Rubio if he’d eaten the tomato. “I wish I had at this point,” he replied, “Because I think everybody thinks I did.”NASA has not said where the crew found the tomato or what it looked like when it was finally discovered.1.What does the underlined phrase mean in paragraph 2?A.put upB. brought aboutC. ended upD. succeeded in2.What is the purpose for astronauts to grow vegetables in space?A. To serve as their food supplies.B. To kill time when they perform the mission in space.C. To prove plants can be grown in space.D. to play tricks on Mr. Rubio.3. According to the passage, which of the following can be true?A. It was believed that Mr. Rubio had eaten the the tomato.B. Items on the ISS can float away without being tied down.C. The tomato had dried out when it was found.D. People didn’t stop teasing Mr. Rubio until he returned to Earth.4. Where may the article come from?A.A science report.B. A news report.B.C. A science fiction. D. A travel journal. 答案：CABB。

高二科学发现英语阅读理解30题1<背景文章>Isaac Newton is one of the most renowned scientists in history. His discovery of the law of universal gravitation revolutionized the field of physics. Newton was born in 1642. In his early years, he showed great interest in mathematics and science.One day, while Newton was sitting under an apple tree, an apple fell on his head. This simple event led him to think deeply about the forces acting on objects. He began to wonder why apples always fall downwards and not in any other direction. This led him to formulate the idea of gravity.Newton's law of universal gravitation states that every particle in the universe attracts every other particle with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. This law not only explained the motion of celestial bodies but also had a profound impact on the development of science and technology.The discovery of universal gravitation had a significant impact on later generations. It provided a foundation for modern physics and helped scientists understand the workings of the universe. It also inspired many other scientific discoveries and advancements.Newton's work was not only limited to the discovery of gravity. He also made significant contributions to mathematics, optics, and mechanics. His book "Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica" is considered one of the most important scientific works of all time.Newton's discovery of universal gravitation was a result of his deep thinking, curiosity, and perseverance. His work has inspired generations of scientists and continues to be studied and admired today.1. Newton was born in ___.A. 1640B. 1642C. 1644D. 1646答案：B。

高一科学探索英语阅读理解25题1<背景文章>The Big Bang Theory is one of the most important scientific theories in modern cosmology. It attempts to explain the origin and evolution of the universe. According to the Big Bang theory, the universe began as an extremely hot and dense singularity. Then, a tremendous explosion occurred, releasing an enormous amount of energy and matter. This event marked the beginning of time and space.In the early moments after the Big Bang, the universe was filled with a hot, dense plasma of subatomic particles. As the universe expanded and cooled, these particles began to combine and form atoms. The first atoms to form were hydrogen and helium. Over time, gravity caused these atoms to clump together to form stars and galaxies.The discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation in 1964 provided strong evidence for the Big Bang theory. This radiation is thought to be the residual heat from the Big Bang and is uniformly distributed throughout the universe.The Big Bang theory has had a profound impact on modern science. It has helped us understand the origin and evolution of the universe, as well as the formation of stars and galaxies. It has also led to the development ofnew technologies, such as telescopes and satellites, that have allowed us to study the universe in greater detail.1. According to the Big Bang theory, the universe began as ___.A. a cold and empty spaceB. an extremely hot and dense singularityC. a collection of stars and galaxiesD. a large cloud of gas and dust答案：B。

剑桥16t2p2解析阅读标题：探寻宇宙奥秘：黑洞的力量与魅力黑洞，这个神秘而恐怖的存在，一直以来都是人类最为关注的天体之一。

它的存在和性质，让人类对宇宙的奥秘充满了好奇，也让我们对自身的存在和未来产生了无尽的思考。

我们先来了解黑洞的定义。

黑洞是宇宙中被极大质量引力吸引住的天体，它的引力是如此强大，以至于连光也无法逃脱。

这也是为什么我们称之为“黑洞”的原因，因为它表面看起来是一片黑暗。

黑洞的形成是由恒星的演化过程引起的。

当恒星燃烧完了所有的燃料，核心会塌缩，形成一个非常致密的天体，这就是黑洞。

黑洞的质量可以是太阳的几倍乃至上百倍，但体积却非常小，只有几十千米。

这种巨大的质量集中在如此小的空间中，造成了极大的引力。

黑洞的引力是如此之大，以至于它能够扭曲时间和空间的结构。

爱因斯坦的相对论理论告诉我们，质量越大，引力越强，而黑洞的引力则是极限的存在。

黑洞的引力场非常强大，它可以使光线发生弯曲，也可以使时间变得缓慢。

这种现象被称为“引力红移”和“时空弯曲”。

黑洞的内部被称为“事件视界”，这是黑洞表面以内的一条边界，一旦物体越过这个边界，就再也无法逃脱黑洞的引力，即使是光线也不行。

我们不能直接观测到黑洞的内部，因为它是黑暗的，但通过观察黑洞周围的物质运动情况，我们可以推测出黑洞的存在和性质。

黑洞的存在给我们带来了无尽的疑问和想象。

它是宇宙中最为神秘和恐怖的存在之一，但也是最为吸引人的。

我们对黑洞的研究不仅仅是出于科学的目的，更是为了探索宇宙的奥秘和解答人类对宇宙起源和未来的问题。

虽然黑洞是如此神秘和恐怖，但我们并不需要害怕它。

黑洞的存在并不会对地球和人类产生直接影响。

我们可以将黑洞看作是宇宙中的奇观，去欣赏它的力量和魅力。

通过对黑洞的研究，我们可以更好地了解宇宙的运行规律，也能够更好地认识自身的存在和未来。

黑洞是宇宙的奥秘之一，它的力量和魅力令人着迷。

通过深入地研究和探索，我们将能够更加全面地认识和理解黑洞，进一步揭示宇宙的奥秘。

（宇宙）高中英语阅读短文《发现黑洞》及答案北京时间2019年4月10日21时，天文学家召开全球新闻发布会，宣布首次直接拍摄到黑洞的照片。

阅读题目，回答问题文本选自：The Guardian（卫报）Recently,scientists produced the first real image of a black hole,shining a light onone of the universe’s great mysteries,in a galaxy called Messier87.The image is not a photograph but an image created by the Event Horizon Telescope(EHT)ing a network of eight ground-based telescopes across the world,the EHT collected data to produce the image.The black hole itself is unseeable,as it’s impossible for light to escape from it;what we can see is its even thorizon.The EHT was also observing a black hole located at the centre of the Milky Way, but was unable to produce an image.While Messier87is furtheraway,it was easier to observe,due to its larger size.The golden ring is the event horizon,the moment an object approaching a black hole reaches a point of no return,unable to escape its gravitational pull.Objects that pass into the event horizon are thought to go through spaghettification（意大利面条化）,a process,first described by Stephen Hawking,in which they will be stretchedout like a piece of pasta by gravitational forces.Heino Falcke,professor of radio astronomy and astroparticle physics at Radboud University in Nijmegen,and chair of the EHT science council, says the image shows asilhouette（剪影）of the hole against the surrounding glow of the event horizon,all of the matter being pulled into the hole.At the centre of the black hole is a gravitational singularity, where all matter is crushed into an infinitely small space.The black hole lies55m light years away from us.It is around100bn km wide,larger than the entire solar system and6.5bn times the mass of our sun.Through creating an image of a black hole,something previously thought to be impossible,the EHT project has made a break through in the understanding ofblack holes,whose existence has long been difficult to prove.The image will help physicists to better understand how black holes work and images of the event horizon are particularly important for testing the theory of general relativity.1.What’s the text mainly about?A.The image of a black hole.B.The photo created by the EHT.C.The event horizon of the black hole.D.The introduction of the EHT project.2.How does EHT collect data?A.By producing the image of a black hole.0B.By studying the golden ring in the photo.C.By observing the center of the Milky Way.D.By using a network of eight ground-based telescopes.3.What do we know about the black hole fromthe text?A.Its image shows a silhouette of the event horizon.B.There is a possibility that light can escape from it.C.All matter is crushed into small space at its centre.D.Objects will be stretched out outside the event horizon.4.What does the last paragraph mainly present?A.Creating an image of a black hole is thought to be impossible.B.It’sstill hard for physicists to prove the existence of the black hole.C.The image will help physicists to test the theory of general relativity.D.The image of a black hole created by EHT project is highly significant.参考答案：ADCD生词及长难句1.Galaxy n.星系the galaxy银河系2.event horizon视界德国天文学家卡尔·史瓦西计算出一个巨大天体可扭曲周围空间，以至于连光都无法逃脱，这个特定的半径就是我们所致的史瓦西半径，也可以称之为“视界”。

六年级英语探索宇宙未解之谜阅读理解30题1<背景文章>Black holes are one of the most mysterious and fascinating objects in the universe. A black hole is a region of space where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape. Black holes are formed when a massive star collapses at the end of its life. The star's core collapses under the force of gravity, forming a singularity, a point of infinite density.The effects of black holes on the universe are profound. They can distort space and time, and they can also attract and swallow other objects. Black holes can even merge with each other, creating even more massive black holes.Despite their mystery, scientists have been able to study black holes using a variety of methods. For example, they can observe the effects of black holes on nearby stars and gas. They can also use powerful telescopes to study the X-rays and other radiation emitted by black holes.Black holes are truly one of the wonders of the universe, and their study continues to fascinate and challenge scientists.1. What is a black hole?A. A region of space with weak gravity.B. A region of space where nothing can escape.C. A star that is still alive.D. A planet with a lot of gravity.答案：B。

2024届高考英语时文阅读之语法填空专项训练专题07宇宙探秘【原创题】【基础篇】NASA is making last attempts 1 (communicate) with Opportunity rover on Mars, said a NASA release on Tuesday. The agency will update Opportunity's status at 11 a.m. PST (2 p.m. EST) on Wednesday at2 press conference in the agency's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California. The briefing3 (attend) by NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine, associate4 (administrate) of NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Thomas Zurbuchen, acting director of NASA's Planetary Science Division Lori Glaze and JPL director Michael Watkins.If there is no response by Wednesday – 5 NASA suspects will be the case – Opportunity might be declared 6 (die) , 15 years after arriving at the red planet, according to media reports. The rover has not been heard from for eight months since a planet-wide dust storm on Mars in June last year. 7the storm eventually abated and the Martian skies cleared, the rover has not communicated with Earth since then. Mission team members have been trying to rouse the rover ever since, and they've been listening for any possible8 (signal) from Opportunity as well.In late January, NASA has developed a new, more powerful collection of commands to try to force the rover to resume operations. 9 , nothing was heard from Opportunity so far. Opportunity landed on Mars on January 24, 2004. The golf-cart-sized rover was designed to travel 1,006 meters and operate on the Red Planet for 90 Martian days. It had traveled over 45 km and 10 (log) its 5,000th Martian day back in February 2018.【答案】1.to communicate2.a3.will be attended4.administrator5.which6.dead7.Although8.signals9.However 10.logged【巩固篇】China is currently developing a large-scale space-surveytelescope that is expected 1 (bring)pioneering scientific results after it is placed 2orbit alongside the country's space station, a spokesperson ofthe China Manned Space Agency said Friday. Lin Xiqiang,also deputy director of the agency, said at a press conference3 the Chinese Survey Space Telescope, also known4 the Chinese Space Station Telescope (CSST) and Xuntian Space Telescope,5 (expect) to make breakthroughs in cosmology, dark matter and dark energy, galaxies and active galactic nuclei, Milky Way and neighboring galaxies, star formation and evolution, and exoplanets. Lin said the high-resolution telescope will take deep-field survey6 (observe) with an area of 17,500 square degrees, as well as fine observations of different types of celestial bodies. He said that the telescope,7 important part of the China Space Station, can obtain high-definition panoramic views of the universe. It has8 (rough) the same spatial resolution as the Hubble Space Telescope,9 its field of view is more than 300 times larger than the Hubble's. The telescope will stay in the same orbit as the space station for long-term independent flight and observations, and 10 (dock) with the space station temporally for supply, maintenance and upgrading, Lin added.【答案】1.to bring2.in3.that4.as5.is expected6.observations7.an8.roughly9.but 10.will dock【提高篇】Half of the 11 farthest known stars in our galaxy thatare located about 300,000 light-years from Earth might1 (rip) from another galaxy, US researchers saidWednesday. Researchers at the Harvard-Smithsonian Centerfor Astrophysics used computer models 2(simulate) how the Sagittarius dwarf, one of dozens ofmini-galaxies that surround our galaxy, might move over the past eight billion years, by varying 3 (it) initial velocity and angle of approach to the Milky Way. The study showed the Sagittarius dwarf started with a4 (weigh) of about 10 billion times the mass of our Sun, or about one percent of the Milky Way's mass.However, over the age of the universe, it made several loops around our galaxy, and on each passage, the Milky Way's gravitational tides tugged on the smaller galaxy, 5 (pull) it apart like taffy. "Five of the 11 most distant stars in our galaxy have positions and velocities that match 6 you would expect of stars stripped from the Sagittarius dwarf," they said in 7 statement. "The other six do not appear to be from Sagittarius, but might have been removed from a different dwarf galaxy." Overall, the hapless dwarf might have lost about a third of its stars and a full nine-tenths of its dark matter.This resulted 8 three distinct streams of stars that reach as far as one million light-years from the Milky Way's center. Mapping projects like the Sloan Digital Sky Survey have charted one of the three streams9 (predict) by these simulations, but not to the full extent that the models suggest, the researchers said. Future instruments like the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, which will detect much fainter stars across the sky, should be able to identify the other streams, they added. "The star streams 10 have been mapped so far are like creeks compared to the giant river of stars we predict will be observed eventually," said lead author Marion Dierickx of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. "More interlopers from Sagittarius are out there just waiting to be found."【答案】1.have been ripped2.to simulate3.its4.weight5.pulling6.what7.a8.in9.predicted 10.that【专项微练：连词】1．I set my own pace, ________ I decided to take my time. （用适当的词填空）【答案】and【详解】考查连词。

⾼考英语阅读理解专题训练答案含解析⾼考英语阅读理解专题训练答案含解析⼀、⾼中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解Scientists have discovered a "monster black hole" so massive that, in theory, it shouldn't exist. It's a stellar black hole—the type that forms after stars die, collapse, and explode. Researchers had previously believed that the size limit was no more than 20 times the mass of our sun because 8S these stars die, they lose most of their mass through explosions that expel matter and gas swept away by stellar windsThis theory has now been toppled by LB-1, the newly discovered black hole. Located about 15.000 light years away, it has a mass 70 times greater than our sun, according to a press release from the Chinese Academy of Sciences.The findings were published by Chinese researchers in the journal Nature on Wednesday."Black boles of such mass should not even exist in our galaxy, according to most of the current models of stellar evolution," said Liu Jifeng, head of the team that made the discovery. "LB-1 is twice as massive as what we thought possible. Now theorists will have to take up the challenge of explaining its formation."Scientists are now scratching their heads at how LB-1 got so huge.The Chinese team has proposed a number of theories. LB-1' sheer size suggests that it "was not formed from the collapse of only one star," the study said— instead, it could potentially be two smaller black holes orbiting each other.Another possibility is that it formed from "fallback supermova." This is when a supernoma—the last stage of an exploding star —ejects material during the explosion, which then falls back into the supernova, creating a black hole.This fallback formation is theoretically possible but scientists have never been able to prove or observe it. If this is how LB-1 formed, then we may have "direct evidence for this process" for the first time, the study said.There are several types of black holes and stellar black holes like LB-1 are on the smaller side, according to NASA. Supermassive black holes are much bigger—they can be billions of times the mass of our sun,Scientists believe supermassive black holes may be connected to the formation of galaxies, as they often exist at the center of the mass star stems but it is still not clear exactly how, or which form first.（1）Why does the writer write the article?A.To report the great achievement Chinese scientists have made in black hole theory,B.To inform the readers of the basic knowledge about the black hole,C.To share with the readers the new development of the black hole discovery,D.To demonstrate the significance of discovering new black holes for science.（2）Which of the following about LB-1 is true to the passage?A.It is the biggest black hole ever discovered.B.It lost only a small part of its mass through explosion.C.It couldn't have been formed from the collapse of one star.D.Its discovery may lead to some breakthrough in the "fallback formation theory".（3）Which of the following is right according to the passage?A.If the sun in our galaxy dies some of its mass will be taken away by stellar winds.B.A massive supernova will be formed and then exploded if the sun in our galaxy dies.C."The Milky Way" was formed after a supermassive black hole collapsed and exploded.D.If "the Milky Way" dies, a supermassive black hole will be formed after its death.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）A【解析】【分析】本⽂是⼀篇新闻报道，报道了科学家们已经发现了⼀个“巨型⿊洞”，其质量之⼤，在理论上是不应该存在。

Chinese scientists were involved in the observation through a telescope in Hawaii. They were also highly involved in follow-up data processing and theoretical analysis, said Shen Zhiqiang, head of the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Shanghai [ˌ Astronomical theoretical θɪə'retɪk(ə)l] Observatory and a member of the EHT international team. adj. 理论的；理论上的
The edge of the dark circle at the center is the point at which the gas enters the black hole, which is an object that has such a large gravitational pull, not even light can escape. gravitational [ˌɡrævɪ'teɪʃənəl] adj. [力]重力的；[力]引力的 gravitational pull 图片中心黑色圆形的边缘就是气体被吞噬入黑 万有引力 洞之处，这里的万有引力非常大，光线也无法 逃脱。
The announcement was made in simultaneous ( 同时译员) news conferences in Washington, Brussels, Santiago, Shanghai, Taipei and Tokyo.

关于太阳和黑洞的英语阅读理解Title: The Sun and Black Holes: A Review of Solar and Solar-System like objectsIntroduction:The sun is the largest star in our solar system, with a radius of approximately 1.41 × 10^18 km and a mass of 1.98 × 10^30 kg. It is the center of our star system, and it is the source of all the energy that we see in the universe. The sun is also the largest object in the Solar System that is not a planet.The sun is a yellow star, which is a type of star that is known for its long lifespan. The sun will eventually enter its red giant phase, when it will expand to a radius of approximately 14,900 km and become a star that is so hot that its surface temperature can reach over 5,500°C. During this phase, the sun will expand so much that it will consume its surroundings, eventually leaving behind a massive star known as a white dwarf.The sun is also a source of energy for our planet. It provides us with all the energy that we need to maintain our lifestyle, from sunlight to thermal energy. The sun"s energy is essential for thelife on our planet, and it is the main source of energy for most of the universe.Black holes:Black holes are massive stars that have lost all of their燃料and are no longer able to shine. They are so massive that their gravity is so strong that nothing, including light, can escape from them. Black holes are theorized to have formed from the death of massive stars, as their core expanded and became too massive to continue运营下去.Black holes are not found in the same way as stars. They do not form from the fusion of elements in stars, but rather from the collision of massive stars. Once a black hole has formed, it will continue to grow as long as it has matter that is moving too fast for light to escape.Black holes are also important for our understanding of the nature of the universe. They are thought to be the source of all of the dark matter that is observed in the universe, which is thought to be required to explain the observed motion of galaxies and other objects.Solar System like objects:In addition to the sun and black holes, there are many other objects in our solar system that are thought to be similar to black holes. These objects are known as solar system like objects, and they are thought to have formed from the same process that formed black holes.One example of a solar system like object is the star Proxima Centauri, which is located about 4.34 light years from Earth. Proxima Centauri is a red giant star that is about 2.5 times the size of the sun, and it is thought to have lost all of its燃料 and will eventually enter its death star phase.Another example is the planet Proxima Centauri b, which is a planet that is located about 4.34 light years from Earth. Proxima Centauri b is thought to be a rocky planet that is similar to Earth, with a radius of approximately 1,000 km and a mass of approximately 5% that of the sun.Conclusion:The sun is the largest star in our solar system, with a radius of approximately 1.41 × 10^18 km and a mass of 1.98 × 10^30 kg. It is the center of our star system, and it is the source of all the energy that we see in the universe. The sun is also a source of energy for our planet, and it is essential for the life on our planet.Black holes are massive stars that have lost all of their燃料and are no longer able to shine. They are so massive that nothing, including light, can escape from them. Black holes are thought to have formed from the same process that formed black holes, and they are important for our understanding of the nature of the universe.Solar system like objects are objects in our solar system thatare thought to be similar to black holes, and they are important for our understanding of the nature of the universe. There are many other objects in our solar system that are thought to be solar system like objects, and they are important for our understanding of the nature of the universe.。