高中英语定语从句解题方法与技巧
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选择引导定语从句的引导词是学习定语从句的难点。巧用以下口决,可化难为易。一看 指人还是物,二看介词在何处;三看句中作何用,四看否属特殊。
方法一: “一看指人还是物”指人时用 who(作主语)、whom(作宾语)和 whose(作定语,既指人 又指物);that 既可指人又可指物,但在当代英语中多指物;which 只能指物,that 与 which 在句中作主语或宾语;在非正式文体中,作宾语的 whom,which 或 that 可省略。如: In the beginning, people who bought them often got angry. (who 指人,修饰先行词 people, 作从句的主语。)刚开始,买的人经常会生气。 They needed a plant which didn't need as much water as rice.(which 指物,修饰先行词 plant, 作从句的主语,此处 which 可换为 that。) 他们需要一种不像水稻那样需要大量水的作物。 I've bought a new dictionary whose cover is blue.(这里 whose 指物,在从句中作定语。) 我买了一本封皮是蓝色的字典。 难点:(1)whose 既可指“某人的”,也可指“某物的”,指物时不可想当然误用 which, 但可使用“the+n.+of which”的表达方法,也可用“of which +n”的表达方式。 例句:①I've bought a new dictionary, the cover of which is blue. ②I've bouth a new dictionary of which the cover is blue. (2)在非正式文体中,当引导词 who 位于从句句首时,可替换 whom 作宾语。如:Do you know the boy who/whom we talked to just now? 方法二: “二看介词在何处”当介词置于从句之首时,若指人,介词之后只能用 whom 而不能用 who 或 that;若指物,则只能用 which 而不能用 that。试比较以下两组句子: 1 Do you know the woman with whom I shook hands at the school gate?(此处介词 with 之后的 whom 不可替换为 who 或 that,也不能省略。) Do you know the woman whom I shook hands with at the school gate?(此句中的引导词 whom 作介词 with 的宾语,可换为 who 或 that,也不能省略。) 难点:(1)当 who, whom, which, that 等引导词在从句中作宾语而省略时,从句中不能 再加宾语。如:This is the pen she bought it yesterday.(此处的 it 应去悼,因为作宾语的 which 或 that 已省略。) (2)两个以上的简单句组成一个句子时,必须用关联词来连接两个句子,而不能用代 词。如:This is our monitor, without him, we couldn't win the game.(此句中的人称代词 him 必 须改为引导词 whom。) Can you see the tall building, in front of it there a large play ground?(此句中的代词 it 必须 改为引导词 which。) 方法三: “三看句中作何用”如何选用定语从句中的引导词,关键是要看引导词在从句中作什么 成分。若作主语,则在 who, that 或 which 之中选择;若作定语,则用 whose;若作状语,则 在 when,where,why 之中选择。试比较: 1. Have you ever been to the place which/that we visted last year 你去过我们去年参观的那个地方吗? Have you ever been to the place where we worked last year? 你去过我们去年工作的那个地方吗?
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以上第一句中的引导词 which/不可换用 where; 第二句中的引导词 where 作不及物动词 worked 的状语,不可换用 which 或 that,但可用 in which 来替换。
2. Do you still remember the day which/that we spent together? 你还记得我们一起度过的那一天吗? Do you still remember the day when we stayed together? 你还记得我们呆在一起的那一天吗? 以上第一句中的引导词 which/that 作及物动词 spent 的宾语,可省略,不可用 when 替换; 而第二句的 when 作不及物动词 stayed 的状语,不可换用 which 或 that,但可用 on which 来替 换。 难点:要把握句子结构,正确分析句子成分,切不可见到表示时间的名词就用 when,见 到表示地点的句词变用 where。 方法四: “四看是否属特殊”定语从句引导词的使用还要注意一些特殊情况,如 who 与 that 均可指 人,which 和 that 都可指物,但这些引导词在具体的语言环境中有区别,不能换用。如: This is the first time that I’ve been to the museum, which I have been looking forward to for many years. 这是我第一次去博物馆,我盼了好多年了。 当先行词被序数词修饰时,引导词只用 that 而不能用 which;在非限制性定语从句中, 只能用 which 而不能用 that,故此句中的 that 与 which 不能互换。 which is the book that you want to borrow? 你想借那一本书? 当先行词是 which 时,引导词用 that. 另外一种常考的点是 way 和 reason 引导的定语从句。 如:I dislike the way in which/that/× he talks to his mother. 我不喜欢他和他母亲说话的方式 此句中 way 在定语从句中充当方式状语,引导词用 in which that 或者省略