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英语主谓一致中就近原则和就远原则
一、就近原则
1、在here, there等引导的倒装句中, 当主语不止一个，此时谓语动词与最靠近它的主语在数上一致喔。
例：
Here comes the bus. 巴士过来了。
There is a pencil and several photos on the desk. 桌上有一支铅笔和几张图片。
2、连词or, either... or..., neither…nor..., not only…but also 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词只与靠近它的主语在数上一致哈。
例：
Either you or he knows something about the task. 要么你，要么他知道此任务的相关情况。
Neither I nor he plays cards.我和他都没打牌.
二、就远原则
当主语后面接上as well as, accompanied by, including, in addition to, more than,together with等引导的词组时，这些词组其实根本不影响最前面主语本身的单复数形式。
例：
She,as well as the other students in the classroom, is jumping with joy.她和教室里其他学生一样开心地跳起来。
Michael Jordan,together with his teammates,has set a record in NBA. 迈克尔乔丹和他的队友们，已经一起创造了NBA的一个记录.。
就近原则和就远原则短语归纳在生活中，我们常常碰到选择的情况。
有时候，我们会根据“就近原则”来做决定，有时候则会用“就远原则”。
今天，我们就来聊聊这两个原则在日常生活中的应用，看看它们是如何影响我们做出选择的。
1. 就近原则的基本概念就近原则，就是说在做决定的时候，优先考虑离自己较近的选项。
这个原则不仅适用于生活中的小事，也在大到工作、学习等方面发挥着作用。
1.1 生活中的就近原则举个例子，我们平时选择去超市买东西的时候，大多数人会优先选择离家最近的超市。
为什么呢？因为近嘛，省时间省力气，何乐而不为？而且，像这种原则用在找餐馆、买菜这些事情上，真的特别实用。
就像俗话说的“好吃不过饺子，好玩不过家乡”，离得近，心里踏实，也容易满足。
1.2 就近原则的工作和学习在工作中，比如说你要找资料，通常你会先翻阅自己身边的文件或者电脑里的资源，不会一开始就去找远在别处的资料。
这就是“就近原则”的一个体现。
它帮助我们节省时间，提高效率。
学习上也是类似，如果你的书架上已经有了相关的参考书，干嘛非得跑到图书馆去呢？2. 就远原则的基本概念与就近原则相对的就是就远原则。
它的核心思想是，在某些情况下，我们会选择那些虽然离我们远一些的选项，因为这些选项可能会带来更大的好处或者价值。
2.1 生活中的就远原则比如说，你计划一次旅行。
虽然你可能会考虑到离家近的景点，但如果你真的想要体验不同的文化或者风景，可能会选择远一点的地方。
正如一句话说得好：“一份耕耘，一份收获”。
虽然远，但带来的体验和收获会更丰富、更深刻。
2.2 就远原则的工作和学习工作上，如果你需要跟进某个项目，可能会选择去不同的城市甚至国家考察。
这是因为有时候，眼界越宽，能获取的经验和信息也会越多。
学习上也是如此，虽然远一点的学校可能需要更多的投入，但它可能提供的教育资源和环境更好，也更能促进个人的成长。
3. 两者的应用和权衡这两种原则其实并不是完全对立的，而是可以根据情况灵活运用。
主谓：就近, 就远原则一．就远原则（谓语动词与前面主语一致）代表词汇：as well as; (together/along)with; Rather than; except; besides; but; including; in addition to; apart from例子：He rather than I is right.Nobody but two students is in the classroom.一、当主语后面与with, as well as, but, except, like, rather than, no less than,besides, including等名词或代词连用时，谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。
1.The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ___visiting a museum when theearthquake struck.A. wasB. wereC. had beenD. would be2. A library along with five thousand books ___to the nation as a gift.A.is offeredB. has offeredC. are offeredD. have offered3. E-mail, as well as telephone, ___ an important part in daily communication.A.is playingB. have playedC. are playingD. play4. Nobody but Jane ___the secret.A. knowB. knowsC. have knownD.is known5. All but one ___ here just now.A.isB.wasC.has beenD.were二. 就近一致原则，谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、人数”上一致。
主谓一致(yīzhì)和就近就远原则就近一致(yīzhì)原则也称“邻近原则(yuánzé)”“就近一致原则”，即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、人数”上一致。
一、在正式(zhèngshì)文体中：1.由下列词语连接的并列主语(zhǔyǔ)：“there be+句型；oreither...or;nor;neither...nor;whether...or;not...but;not only...but also”等。
Eg.(1)What he does or what he says does not concern me.他的行为或言谈与我无关。
(2)Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都没错。
(3)Not you but your father is to blame.不是你，而是你的父亲该受责备。
(4)Not only you but (also) he is wrong.不仅你错了，他也错了。
2.在倒装句中，谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。
Eg.(1)In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.在远处，能听见鼓掌和人们的呼喊声。
(2)There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。
非正式文体中：有时依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则；但语法上，“no one”才是主语，谓语要改成“agrees”。
“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。
总结：英语就近原则短语1.There be句型 There is a book and some pencils on the desk.=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.2.Neither...nor...Neither you nor he is right.=Neither he nor you are right.3.either...or...Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.=Either Jim or they are going to Shanghai next Saturday.4.not only...but also...Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.=Not only Ann’s parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.就远原则谓语动词与前面主语一致代表(dàibiǎo)词汇：as well as;(together/along)with;Ratherthan;except;besides;but;including;in addition to;apart from例子(lì zi)：He rather than I is right.Nobody but two students is in the classroom.主谓一致(yīzhì)一、当主语(zhǔyǔ)后面与with,as well as,but,except,like,rather than,no lessthan,besides,including等+名词或代词连用(liányòng)时，谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。
就近原则是指谓语与靠近的名词、代词在“人称、数”上一致。
由下列词语连接的并列主语，谓语动词用就近原则："there be＋句型; or ; either …or(要么…要么)；nor; neither…nor(既不…也不…)；whether…or(是...还是..)；not…but(不是…而是); not only…butalso(不仅…而且)"例句：1.There is a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。
2.Either he or I am right.要么他是对的，要么我是对的。
3.What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。
4.Whether it rains or not makes no difference to me. 下不下雨对我来说都一样。
5.Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。
6.Neither he nor they are wholly right.他和他们,谁都不是完全对的7.Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。
8.Not only you but also he is wrong .不仅你错了，他也错了。
当用作主语的成分后面跟有由but, except, besides, including, like, with, as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, in addition to, combined with, rather than, together with等引出的短语时，谓语动词习惯上要与这些结构前面的主语保持一致（即与比较远的那个主语保持一致，简称“就远原则”）。
就近原则就远原则在生活中，我们常常面临选择，尤其是在面对资源分配和决策时，两个原则总是浮现在脑海中：就近原则和远原则。
就近原则讲的是优先选择离我们更近的事物，而远原则则主张考虑更长远的影响和利益。
这两个原则在日常生活、工作和社会发展中都扮演着重要的角色，彼此之间的平衡更是让人深思。
一、就近原则的实践1.1 生活中的选择比如说，咱们每天都要吃饭。
很多时候，离家最近的小餐馆就成了我们的首选。
为了省时间、方便，就近原则让我们自然选择了那些离得近的地方。
这样一来，我们不仅能快速解决温饱问题，还能享受随手可得的美味。
然而，这样的选择有时也会让我们忽略了其他可能更好的选择。
想想看，那个小餐馆虽然方便，但如果我们偶尔走远一点，去尝试一下那家评价超高的餐厅，或许会给我们的味蕾带来意想不到的惊喜。
1.2 社会关系中的体现再说说社交关系，很多人倾向于和身边的人交朋友。
就近原则让我们容易与邻居、同事建立联系。
这样的友谊往往基于共同的兴趣和频繁的接触，但如果仅仅局限于此，我们可能会错过与其他地方有趣的人交流的机会。
想想那些来自不同文化背景的人，他们的故事和经历，常常能够开阔我们的视野，丰富我们的生活。
二、远原则的重要性2.1 长期发展的考虑远原则的核心在于考虑更长远的利益。
比如在工作中，有时候我们需要做出战略性的决定，而非只看眼前的利益。
以公司的发展规划为例，许多公司在面对短期收益与长期投资的选择时，往往会选择后者。
虽然短期可能看不到明显的利润，但长期来看，这样的投资能够为公司带来更大的市场份额和稳定的客户群。
2.2 环境保护与可持续发展再说说环境保护的问题。
我们面临着气候变化的挑战，如果只关注眼前的利益，许多企业可能会忽视环境保护的重要性。
然而，真正的可持续发展需要我们采取远原则，去思考如何在满足当代需求的同时，不损害未来的生存空间。
比如，很多企业开始关注绿色科技，尽管短期内投入巨大，但从长远来看，这不仅能提升企业形象，还能带来更多的商业机会。
主谓：就近, 就远原则一．就远原则（谓语动词与前面主语一致）代表词汇：as well as; (together/along)with; Rather than; except; besides; but; including; in addition to; apart from例子：He rather than I is right.Nobody but two students is in the classroom.一、当主语后面与with, as well as, but, except, like, rather than, no less than,besides, including等名词或代词连用时，谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。
1.The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ___visiting a museum when theearthquake struck.A. wasB. wereC. had beenD. would be2. A library along with five thousand books ___to the nation as a gift.A.is offeredB. has offeredC. are offeredD. have offered3. E-mail, as well as telephone, ___ an important part in daily communication.A.is playingB. have playedC. are playingD. play4. Nobody but Jane ___the secret.A. knowB. knowsC. have knownD.is known5. All but one ___ here just now.A.isB.wasC.has beenD.were二. 就近一致原则，谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、人数”上一致。
主谓:就近,就远原则一.就远原则(谓语动词与前面主语一致)代表词汇:aｓweｌｌａs; (toｇｅthｅr/aｌong)wiｔｈ；Rathｅｒtｈan; exce ｐｔ;besidｅｓ; buｔ; includiｎｇ; in aｄdｉｔion to; apaｒt fｒｏm例子：He rather tｈaｎIｉｓｒight、Nobｏdyｂut two ｓｔudents ｉsｉn ｔhe clasｓroom、一、当主语后面与wiｔｈ，ａs weｌl as, but, eｘcepｔ, ｌikｅ, ratheｒtｈan，ｎｏless tｈaｎ，ｂesides, incｌuding等名词或代词连用时，谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。
1.Ｔｈe ｔｅaｃhｅr, wｉth ６girｌｓaｎd8ｂoys of her ｃlａss，＿_＿viｓｉting a museuｍｗhen the ｅａrthquake struck、Ａ、was Ｂ、were C、had ｂeen Ｄ、woｕｌd be2、 A ｌiｂrary alonｇｗｉth ｆiｖe thouｓand bｏoks ___to ｔhe ｎａtion as a giｆt、A、isｏfｆeredB、has offｅredC、are ｏffｅrｅdD、hａvｅoffered3、E-ｍａｉl，as welｌasｔelｅphｏnｅ, _＿_ ａｎiｍpoｒｔant ｐaｒt in ｄailｙmunicatioｎ、Ａ、ｉs pｌayｉng B、have playｅｄC、ａre playing Ｄ、ｐｌay4、ＮｏbodｙbutＪaｎｅ＿_＿the secｒeｔ、Ａ、ｋｎoｗB、ｋnows C、ｈaｖｅkｎｏwnＤ、is knowｎ5、All but one___heｒe juｓt ｎｏw、A、ｉsB、ｗas Ｃ、ｈas beｅnＤ、were二、就近一致原则，谓语与靠近得名词、代词(有时不一定就是主语)在“人称、人数”上一致。
主谓：就近，就远原则一.就远原则(谓语动词与前面主语一致)代表词汇：as well as; (together/along)with; Rather than; except; besides; but; in clud ing; in additi on to; apart from例子：He rather than I is right.Nobody but two stude nts is in the classroom.一、当主语后面与with, as well as, but, except, like, rather than, no less than,besides, including等名词或代词连用时，谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。
1. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ___ visiting a museum when theearthquake struck.A. wasB. wereC. had bee nD. would be2. A library along with five thousand books ___ t o the nation as a gift.A.is offeredB. has offeredC. are offeredD. have offered3. E-mail, as well as teleph one, __ an importa nt part in daily com muni catio n.A.is play ingB. have playedC. are play ingD. play4. Nobody but Jane __ the secret.A. knowB. knowsC. have knownD.is known5. All but one __ here just now.A.isB.wasC.has bee nD.were二.就近一致原则，谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有时不一定是主语)在人称、人数”上一致。
一、在正式文体中：1. 由下列词语连接的并列主语：there be+ 句型；or; either...or; nor; neither...nor;whether...or; not...but; not only...but also ”等。
(1) What he does or what he says does not concern me.他的行为或言谈与我无关。
⑵ Neither you nor I am wrong你和我都没错。
(3) Not you but your father is to blame.不是你，而是你的父亲该受责备。
(4) Not only you but (also) he is wrong.不仅你错了，他也错了。
6. Either you or the headmaster __ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.A. was handing outB. are to hand outC. are handing outD. is to hand out7. Not only I but also Jane and Mary ______ t ired of hav ing one exam in ati on after ano ther.A.isB. areC.amD.be2. 在倒装句中，谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。
(1) In the dista nee was heard the clapp ing of hands and the shouts of the peopl 在远处，能听见鼓掌和人们的呼喊声。
(2) There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。
非正式文体中：有时依就近”和意义”一致的原则；但语法上，“noone”才是主语，谓语要改成“ agrees”写作中”一般要依语法一致”原则。
总结：英语就近原则短语1. There be句型There is a book and some peneils on the desk.=There are some pen eils and a book on the desk.2. Neither...nor...Neither you nor he is right.= Neither he nor you are right.3. either...or...Either they or Jim is going to Shan ghai n ext Saturday.=Either Jim or they are going to Shan ghai n ext Saturday.4. not only...but also...Not only Ann but also her pare nts stay at home every Sun day.=Not only Ann ' s pare nts but also she stays at home every Sun day.三、当“the only one of复数名词+定语从句”，且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式，当6ne of+复数名词+定语从句”且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。
8. He is the only one of the students who __ a winner of scholarship for three years.A.isB. areC. have bee nD. has bee n9. She is one of the few girls who __ in the kindergarten.A. is well paidB. are well paidC. is pay ing wellD. are pay ing well四、当news, means, maths, plastics, physics等在形式上是复数概念，而在意义上是单数概念的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
10. Every possible means __ to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear.A.is usedB. are usedC. has bee n usedD. have bee n used五、当分数（百分数）+ of +名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于of后面名词的数。
11. ____ of the land in that distrcit ___ covered with trees and glass.A. Two fifth; isB. Two fifth; areC. Two fifths; isD. Two fifths; are六、the number of...（...的数目）短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；当a number of...（许多...）短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
12. The number of people invited ____ fifty, but a number of them _____ absent for differe nt reas ons.A. were; wasB. was; wasC. was; wasD. were; were七、当疑问词+不定式”结构作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
13. When and where to build the new factory __ yet.A. is not decidedB. are not decidedC. has not decidedD. have not decided练习题：1、____________________________ In our school library, there a number of books on scienee and the number ofthem _____ become larger and larger.A、have; isB、is ; haveC、are；isD、is；are2、_____________________ Either you or Tom a boss.A、isB、areC、haveD、has3、___________ There a ny new words in Less on Two, its too easy.A、isB、areC、aren'tD、isn't4、______________ Tom, there a dictionary and some books on your desk. Please put them away.----Ok, mom. I will do it right away.A、isB、areC、hasD、isn't5、___ _________ L ucy Lily is going with you, because one of them must stay at home.A、not only；but alsoB、neither；norC、either；orD、both；and6 Neither my father nor my mother ____ rock music. They thi nk that its too ___ .A、like; noiseB、likes; noisyC、likes; noiseD、like; noisy7. The head teacher with his stude nts _____ Nature Park if it ____ tomorrow.A、is going to；will rainB、are going to; doesntrainC、is going to; doesntra inD、are going to; won 'ra in8、---How does your mother like your presents for Mothers Day?---Well, ___ this sweater ___ that one is fit for her. They are too big.A、both；andB、either；orC、neither；norD、not only；but also。
