专题讲解--状语从句

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专题讲解-------并列句和状语从句【考点点击】:1.引导状语从句的从属连词的用法2.表示条件、时间、原因等意义的状语从句的用法。

3.并列句的选词并列句一、定义:用并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句叫作并列句。

其构成为:简单句+并列连词+简单句二、并列句的种类1.表示顺承、并列、递进关系的连词及并列句and “和‟both…and….”“···和···两个都”,as well as “也”;not only…but also….”“不但···而且···”等。

My mother bought me a dress, and I like it very much.2.表示转折或对比关系的连词及并列句。

but “但是”. yet “然而”;while “而”.Lucy likes red while Luly likes white.3.表示选择关系的连词及并列句:either……or………” “要么….要么”连接主语时,采用就近原则。

Or “或者”,还可以表示“否则”。

Study hard, or you …ll fail the exam.4.表示因果关系的连词及并列句:so 意为“所以,因此”,表示因果关系。

Ann was ill so she didn‟t ho to shool.for:意为“因为”,也表示因果关系。

I have to stay up late, for I have lots of homework to do.5. and 和or用于否定句中的区别(1)当列举成分是主语,又在否定词之前时,用and 连接,当列举成分在否定词之后时,用or 构成完全否定。

Lucy and Lily can‟t speak Chinese. I can‟t sing or dance.(2) 在否定句中,如果所连接的两部分都有否定词,那么用and, 而不用or.There is no water and no air on the moon.状语从句一、定义:在句子中作状语的从句叫做状语从句。

状语从句都是由从属连词引导的。

它与主句链接,位于句首时,常用逗号分开,位于句末时,其前一般不用逗号。

状语从句根据其用途可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句九种。

二、状语从句的分类(一)、时间状语从句1.when的用法(1)when 意为“当···时”、“在···之后”,引导时间状语从句,表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。

When you are crossing the street, youmust be careful. Call me when you are finished.(2)When 引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以用延续性动词,也可以用终止性动词。

He was working at the table when I went in. I worked for a foreigncompany when I was in Shanghai.2.while的用法While 引导时间状语从句常译为“与···同时,在···期间”。

While 引导的从句中的动词常用延续性动词或表示状态的动词。

They rushed in while we wrediscussing problems. You can go swimming while I‟m having lunch.3.as的用法as引导时间状语从句时可以表达:“正当、一边···一边,随着”等意思。

①表示某事一发生,另一事随即发生。

As the sun rose the f.og disappeared.②表示某事发生的过程中另一事发生。

I heard the their voices as I crossed the hall. As he was speaking there was a loud explosion.③表示两个动作同时发生。

He smiled as he passed. As she sang, tears rolled down her cheeks4.before 的用法before 引导的时间状语从句,通常表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前,反之则用after. She left a message before she went. Please turn off the lights before you leave the classroom.5.until \till的用法①until\till 引导时间状语从句,主句的谓语动词是延续性动词时,主句用肯定形式表示这一动作或状态一直延续到until\till 所表示的时间为止。

till 和until 都表示“直到”,常可换用,但till不用于句首,也不可用于强调句。

You may stay here until the rain stops.②主句谓语动词是非延续性动词时,用否定形式表示主句的谓语所表示的动作直到until 所表示的时间才发生。

构成句式not….until….., 有时不用not,而用其他如never, nothing 等表示否定的词。

He didn‟t go to bed until he had finished his work. Usually , we don‟t know how important something is until we lose it.6.since的用法Since 引导的时间状语从句,表示“自···以来”,主句用一般现在时或现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。

I have worked for this company since I graduated.We have been good friends since we joined the sang ping-pong team.7as soon as 的用法As soon as 引导的从句表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即发生,常译为“一···就···”。

该从句经常用一般现在时表示将来。

As soon as he arrive,I‟ll tell him. I will go to the cinema as soon as I finish my homework.8.by the time的用法这个词组常用来指到某一时间为止,主句常用完成时态。

By the time he was 12,he had travelled to more than 30 countries to get his disease cured.9. each time,every time, whenever的用法Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me.Every time I hear that song I feel happy.Whenever she comes,she brings a friend.(二)地点状语从句在句中作地点状语的从句称为地点状语从句,可置于句首或句尾。

1.用法详解引导地点状语从句的常用词有where, wherever. He lives where the climate is cool. Where there is a will, there is a way.[小贴士]:定语从句是用来修饰一个名词的。

关系副词where 引导定语从句时,先行词应该是一个表示地点的名词,定语从句用来说明那是一个什么样的地点,而从属连词where 引导的地点状语从句则是用来修饰句子的谓语动词的,用来说明那个动作发生的地点。

This is the house where I lived two years ago.Sit where I can see you.(三)原因状语从句在句子中作原因状语的从句称为原因状语从句。

原因状语从句可置于句首,也可置于句尾。

引导词有because, since, as,1.because的用法表示因果关系的语气最强,用来回答wh的问句,所引出的原因往往是听话人所不知道或最感兴趣的,because引导的原因状语从句往往比主句显得更重要。

I‟m leave because I am afraid of the boss. I didn‟t go to your party because my mother was ill.2.since的用法表示人们已知的事实,不需要强调的原因,故常译成“既然···。

”通常放在句首。

Since 引导的从句是次要的,重点强调主句的内容。

Since everyone is here,let‟s get started. Since Monday is Bob‟s birthday, let‟s give him a party. Since you can’t help me, I’ll find someone else3.as的用法as与since 用法差不多,所引出的理由在说话人看来已经很明显,或已为听话人所熟悉而不需要用because加以强调。

as引导的从句与主句同等重要。

She didn‟t hear us come in as she was asleep. I left a message as you weren‟t there.【小贴士】:because, as, since 的用法区别①Because 语气最强,用来回答 why 引起的提问,可表示已知或未知的事实。

它可和强调词only, just 及否定词not 连用,所引导的从句常位于主句之后,只有强调时才置于主句之前。

②as语气最弱,较口语化。

所表达的原因比较明显或是已知的事实,故不需要强调。

As之前不可用强调词和not, 且不可用于强调结构。

as 从句多置于主句之前。

③since 的语气也较弱。

常表示对方已知的事实,相当于汉语的“既然”,它和as一样,其前不可用强调词和not,也不可用于强调结构。

[知识拓展]:for和上述三个从属连词不同,它是一个并列连词,用来连接并列句。