Highlights for SPEAKING

英语演讲选修课ChecklistforEthicalPublicSpeaking第一篇：英语演讲选修课Checklist for Ethical Public Speaking Checklist for Ethical Public Speaking（1）1.Have I examined my goals to make sure they are ethically sound?2.Can I defend my goals for the speech if they are questioned or challenged?3.Would I want other people to know my true motives in presenting this speech?4.Have I fulfilled my ethical obligation to prepare fully for the speech?5.Have I studied and researched the speech diligently so as not to communicate erroneous or misleading information to my listeners?6.Can I vouch that the speech represents my own work, my own thinking, and my own language?7.Do I cite the sources of all quotations and paraphrases?8.Is the speech free of any false or deliberately deceptive statements?9.Does the speech present statistics, testimony, and other kinds of evidence fairly and accurately?10.Does the speech contain valid reasoning?11.If the speech includes visual aids, do they present facts honestly and reliably?12.If I use emotional appeals, are they appropriate to the speech topic?13.Is the speech built upon a firm foundation of facts and logic in addition to emotional appeal?14.Do I use the power of language ethically?15.Do I avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language?16.Does my language show respect for the right of free speech and expression?17.All in all, have I made a conscious effort to put ethical principles into practice?第二篇：英语演讲选修课10informativeLesson 10 Informative Teaching Aim and Requirement Aimed at ensuring the Ss to have a basic knowledge of public speaking.Teaching methods PPt, interact between teacher & student AssignmentsWhat are the essentials of an effective speech? How to overcome nervousness? Teaching proceduresνInformative speech: a speech designed to convey knowledge and understanding ν T o enhance the knowledge and understanding of your listeners---to give them information they did not have before νConvey clearly accurately interestingly Organizational methodsν Chronological order编年顺序ν Spatial order空间顺序ν Topical order主题顺序ν Causal order ν Problem-solution orderOther methods of speech organizationν Causal order: A show a cause-effect relationship.method of speech organization in which the main pointsν Problem-solution order: A method of speech organization in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem.ν(Problem-cause-solution order)Speeches about processνProcess: A systematic series of actions that leads to a specific result or product.νSpeeches of process explain how something is made, how something is done, or how something works.3.Speeches about eventsνEvent: Anything that happens or is regarded as happening.ν chronological order----to recount the history of an event, ν causal order----to explain the causes and effects4.Speech about conceptsνConcept: A belief, theory, idea, notion, principle, or the like.ν Speeches about concepts are usually organized in topical order.One common approach is to list the main features or aspects of your concept.Guidelines for informative speaking λDon’t overestimate what the audience knows.* Lead your audience step by step and explain everything thoroughly.2.Relate the subject directly to the audience* What is fascinating to the speaker may not be fascinating to everybody.* Get your listeners involved3.Don’t be too technical* Simple, clear language is needed.4.Avoid abstractions One way to avoid abstractions is through description(a statement that depicts a person, event, idea, or the like with clarity and vividness) Another way to escape abstraction is with comparisons(A statement of the similarities among two or more people, events, ideas, etc.)5.Personalize your ideas第三篇：英语演讲选修课11persuasiveLesson 11 Persuasive Teaching Aim and Requirement Aimed at ensuring the Ss to have a basic knowledge of public speaking.Teaching methods PPt, interact between teacher &student AssignmentsWhat are the essentials of an effective speech? How to overcome nervousness? Teaching proceduresI.Persuasive speeches on questions of factν Questions of fact---A question about the truth or falsity of an assertion.νWe do not know enough information to know what it isWill the economy be better or worse next year?Will another earthquake strike California before the year 2010? ν The facts are murky or inclusiveWhat will happen next in the Middle East?Is sexual orientation genetically determined?Speeches On questions of fact are usually organized topically II.Persuasive speeches on questions of valueνQuestions of value?---A question about the worth, rightness, morality, and so forth of an idea or action.ν What is the best movie of all time? Is the cloning of human beings morally justifiable? What are the ethical responsibilities of journalists? νMatter of fact, value judgments νSpeeches on questions of value are mostly organized topicallyν Your first main point is to establish the standards for your value judgment.树立价值判断的标准ν Your second main point is to apply those standards to the subject.III.Persuasive speeches on questions of policy Questions of policy---A question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken.是否采取行动What to do during spring vocation? Which strategy to use in selling a product? How to maintain economic growth and protect the enviroment ? ν They are to decide whether something shouldor should not be anizing speeches on Questions of policyλProblem-solution order λProblem-cause-solution orderλComparative Advantage orderλD.Monroe’s motivated sequenceD.Monroe’s motivated sequence门罗促动顺序νA method of organizing persuasive speeches that seek immediate action.ν The five steps of the motivated sequence are:1.attention2.need3.satisfaction4.visualization（形象化）5.actionPart 2: Methods of persuasionListeners will be persuaded by a speaker from one or more of four reasons:I.credibility.II.evidence.III.reasoning.IV.emotionsI.Building credibilityν Factors of credibility:petence---how an audience regards a speaker’s intelligence, expertise, and knowledge of the subject.B.Character---how an audience regards a speaker’s sincerity, trustworthiness, and concern for the well-being of the audience.2.Establishing common ground with your audience ν Creating common ground---a technique in which a speaker connects himself or herself with the values, attitudes, or experiences of the audience.3.Deliver your speeches fluently, expressively, and with conviction ing evidenceTips for using evidence e specific e novel e evidence from credible sources 4.Make clear the point of your evidence.III.Reasoningν Reasoning---the process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence.ν Four types of reasoning:1.Reasoning from specific instances2.Reasoning from principle3.Causal reasoning4.Analogical reasoningGuidelines for reasoning from specific instancesA.Avoid generalizing too hastily, make sure your sample of specific instances is large enough to justify your conclusion.B.Be careful with your wording.If your evidence does not justify a conclusion, qualify your argument.C.Reinforce your argument with statistics and testimony 2.Reasoning from principle ν---Reasoning that moves from a general principle to a specific conclusion.For instance: νAll people are mortal.νSocrates is a person.νTherefore, Socrates is mortal.3.Causal reasoning---Reasoning that seeks to establish the relationship between causes and effects.νThere is a patch of ice on the sidewalk.You slip, fall, and break your arm.You reason as follows: “Because that patch of ice was there, I fell and broke my arm.” orν“If the patch of ice hadn’t been there, I wouldn’t have fallen and broken my arm.” ν4.Analogical reasoning（类比推理）---Reasoning in which a speaker compares two similar cases and infers that what is true for the first case is also true for the second.ν If you are good at racquetbal l, you’ll be great at Ping-Pang.ν In Great Britain the general election campaign fro Prime Minister lasts less than three weeks.Surely we can do the same with the U.S presidential election.IV.Appealing to emotions ν Emotional appeals are intended to make listeners feel sad, angry, guilty, afraid, happy, proud, sympathetic, reverent, or the like.These are often appropriate reactions when the question is one of value or policy.νGuidelines for generating emotional appealν e emotional language 2.Develop vivid example 3.Speak with sincerity and conviction第四篇：英语演讲选修课7language_delivery范文Lesson 7 Language delivery Teaching Aim and Requirement Acquire a basic knowledge of topic，purpose and central idea of a public speech。

二年级英语课前三分钟展示Good morning, everyone!Today, I would like to share with you some highlights of our English class for the past semester.In our English class, we have been focusing on improving our speaking and listening skills. We have learned a lot of new words and phrases, and we have been practicing using them in conversations.One of the activities we enjoy is role-playing. We take turns being different characters and have conversations using the English we have learned. It’s a lot of fun and helps us become more confident in speaking English.Another activity we do is listening to English songs. We listen to songs with simple lyrics and try to understand the meaning. Sometimes, we even sing along! This helps us improve our pronunciation and listening skills.We also play games to practice our vocabulary. For example, we have a game called "Guess the Word." The teacher gives us clues and we have to guess the word she is describing. It’s a challenging game, but it’s really fun and helps us remember new words.In addition to these activities, we also have regular assessments and quizzes to test our understanding of what we have learned. This helps us see our progress and identify areas where we need to improve.Overall, our English class is not only educational but also enjoyable. We have learned a lot and have become more confident in using English. We are excited to continue learning and improving in the next semester!Thank you for listening. That concludes my presentation.。

英语课前五分钟演说Good morning, everyone!I hope you all had a great weekend and are ready for another exciting week of learning. Today, I want to talk to you about the importance of the first five minutes of our English class.As we all know, the beginning of any activity sets the tone for the entire experience. The same goes for our English class. These first five minutes are crucial in setting a positive and productive atmosphere for the rest of the lesson.So, how can we make the most of these precious minutes? Well, let me share with you a few ideas:1. Warm-up Activity:To get our brains ready for English, we can start with a quick warm-up activity. This can be a review of what we learned in the previous class, a fun language game, or even a short quiz. The key is to engage your minds and activate your language skills right from the start.2. Question of the Day:Another great way to kickstart our class is by posing a thought-provoking question. It could be about a current event, a topic related to our lesson, or even a personal reflection. By discussing and sharing our thoughts, we not only improve our speaking skills but also broaden our perspectives.3. Vocabulary Boost:Expanding our vocabulary is an essential part of language learning. In the first five minutes, we can introduce a new word or phrase for the day. It could be related to the topic we will be studying or a word that is commonly used in English. We can discuss its meaning, pronunciation, and even create sentences using the word.4. Daily News Highlights:Keeping up with the news is an excellent way to enhance our English skills and stay informed about the world. For the first few minutes of class, we can briefly discuss a current event or an interesting news article. This not only improves our speaking and listening skills but also sparks our curiosity and critical thinking abilities.5. Thought of the Day:Lastly, we can start our class with a thought-provoking quote or a short inspirational video clip. By discussing the message behind it, we can inspire each other, develop our analytical skills, and foster a positive mindset.In conclusion, the first five minutes of our English class are crucial for setting a positive and engaging learning environment. By incorporating warm-up activities, questions, vocabulary building, news highlights, and inspirational thoughts, we can maximize the benefits of these precious minutes. Let's make the most of our class time and have a fantastic learning journey together!Thank you for your attention, and let's have a wonderful English class!。

成为一个出色的演讲者英语作文大纲英文回答：Becoming an Excellent Public Speaker: An Outline.Introduction.Definition of a public speaker.Importance of public speaking in various aspects of life.Essential Skills for Effective Public Speaking.Vocal delivery.Volume, pitch, and pacing.Articulation and pronunciation.Body language.Eye contact, gestures, and posture. Content development.Research and preparation.Organization and structure.Relevance and engagement.Audience engagement.Connecting with the audience.Using humor and anecdotes.Handling questions effectively.Overcoming Nervousness.Techniques for reducing anxiety.Relaxation exercises.Visualization.Positive self-talk.Strategies for coping with stage fright.Practice and preparation.Focus on the message, not the audience. Controllable breathing.Crafting a Memorable Speech.Storytelling and personal anecdotes.Using humor and wit.Incorporating visual aids.Utilizing technology effectively.Ending on a strong note.Practice and Feedback.Seek opportunities to practice regularly.Record and review your speeches.Get feedback from trusted sources.Implement constructive criticism.Continuous Improvement.Stay updated with public speaking techniques. Attend workshops and seminars.Observe and learn from other speakers.Seek mentorship and guidance.Conclusion.Summary of key points.Emphasize the transformative power of public speaking. Encourage aspiring speakers to embrace the challenge.中文回答：如何成为一名出色的演讲者，大纲。