虚拟语气语法讲解

虚拟语⽓语法讲解

虚拟语⽓语法讲解

虚拟语⽓是⼀种动词形式，表⽰说话⼈的⼀种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义，虚拟语⽓所表⽰的含义不是客观存在的事实。在条件句中的应⽤，条件句可分为两类，⼀类为真实条件句，⼀类为⾮真实条件句。⾮真实条件句表⽰的是假设的或实际可能性不⼤的情况，故采⽤虚拟语⽓。

⼀、虚拟语⽓在从句中的使⽤

虚拟语⽓即表达不可能发⽣或与预期相反的情况。⾸先我们应熟悉它在三种时态⾥的使⽤情况，这是正确使⽤虚拟语⽓的基础。这三种时态是：现在；过去；将来。1、表⽰现在的虚拟式

If I were a bird, I would fly to you. 如果我是只鸟，我就会飞到你⾝边去。

If it were not for their help, we should be in a very difficult position.

如果不是他们的帮忙，我们就会处于⼀个⾮常困难的境地。2、表⽰过去的虚拟式

If we had started earlier, we should not have missed the train.

如果我们早⼀点动⾝的话，就不会误车了。If she hadn’t been ill, she might have come. 如果她不是病了，可能会来的

3、表⽰将来的虚拟式

If Professor Li should have time tomorrow, we could ask him some questions.

如果李教授明天有空的话，我们可以问他点问题。If there should be no air, there would be no living things.

如果没有空⽓，就不会有⽣物。

⼆、错综时间的虚拟句

通常情况下,在⾮真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是⼀致的, 但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下⽂的意思采⽤不同的谓语动词形式.If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在, 主句指过去)。

换成我是你，我就会听从他的建议。If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (从句指过去,主句指现在)。如果我今天早上带了⾬⾐，现在就不会被淋湿了。If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years, things wouldn’t be going so smoothly.

（从句指过去，主句指现在）。如果过去⼏年⾥不努⼒⼯作，现在的情况就不会如此顺利了。If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.（从句指过去，主句指现在）。如果当时的天⽓更好点，现在的庄稼就会长得更好。If we had not got everything ready by now, we should be having a more terrible time tomorrow. （从句指现在，主句指将来）

如果现在⼀切还没准备好，明天情况就更糟了。

三、含蓄条件句

有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表⽰出来,⼆是暗含在上下⽂中,⽐如通过介词短语来表⽰。这些介词常是：but for, without,otherwise等。如：

But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully.

如果不是听了你的建议，我就不会做的如此成功。The change could not have taken place without the open-door policy.

没有开放的政策，就不会有如此⼤的变化。I was so busy then, Otherwise, I would have told him the answer.

我当时很忙，否则，我就会把答案告诉他的。

四、虚拟语⽓在某些从句中的应⽤1、wish后的宾语从句（would rather (sooner) 后也是如此）

I would rather they came tomorrow. 我宁愿他们明天来。

How I wish it wasn’t raining now. 如果现在不下⾬该多好呀！

I wish I had not been to yesterday’s party. 我要不去参加昨天的宴会就好了！

但would rather 后没有主语则应使⽤零不定式.2、suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist 等动词后的宾语从句

They demanded that the aggressor troops (should) be withdrawn immediately.

他们要求侵略者⽴刻撤退。I propose that we (should) set a deadline for handing in the plan.

我提议应该制定⼀个交计划的最后期限。3、it is desired, it’s suggested, it’s requested, it was ordered that, it was proposed that, it is necessary that, it is important that,it has been decided that 等之后的主语从句：

It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once. 有必要⽴刻派他前往。

It’s required that Mr. Lee (should) give a performance at the party.

要求李先⽣在晚会上出个节⽬。It’s desi red that we (should) get everything ready by tonight.

要求我们在今晚前把⼀切准备好。4、在suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendations, plan, idea 等后⾯引出的表语从句和同位语从句中：

The order came that all villagers evacuate from the village.要求所有村民撤退的命令下达了。I second Xi ao Li’s motion that we set up a special board to tackle the problem.

⼩李提议成⽴⼀个特别委员会处理此问题，我附议。5、在下列句型中要⽤should +动词原形。如：it is a pity, it is a shame, it is incredible, it is strange, it is no wonder

It is a great pity that he should be so conceited.

很可惜，他这个⼈竟然这么⾃⼤。It’s strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.

奇怪的是他竟看不到⾃⼰的缺点。6、as if, as though 引起的从句，其⽤法同wish 构成的宾语从句⼀样

I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.

我清楚地记得这件事就象昨天刚刚发⽣的。It seems as if it were spring already 似乎现在已经是春天的样⼦了。

7、以lest, for fear that, in case 引出的从句，动词多⽤should + 动词原形，表⽰“惟恐”的意思。

He took an umbrella with him lest it should rain. 他带上⾬伞以免下⾬。

He burned all the important documents for fear that they should fall into the enemy's hands.

他把所有的重要⽂件全部烧毁以免落⼊敌⼈的⼿中。Here’s some money in case you should need it. 这是点钱以免你⽤地着。

8、在if only 引出的感叹句中

If only I hadn’t lost it! 如果我要不丢该多好！

If only I could see him once! 再能看到他⼀次该有多好！

Oh, if he only knew how we miss him! 噢，希望他能知道我是多么思念他！

9、在it is high time that 之后的定语从句中，谓语动词常⽤过去式表表⽰虚拟语⽓。

It is time that we went (should go) to bed. 现在该上床了。

It’s high time that we (should) put an end to this controversy.

现在该是结束这场争辩的时候了。10、⽤于expect, believe, think, suspect 等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中。

I never expected that the new apartment should be so small. 没料到这桩新公寓竟这么⼩。

2009年⾼考英语核⼼语法系列训练——虚拟语⽓

1．Were it not for the snowy weather, we _____ all right.

A. would be

B. would have been

C. were

D. may be

2. _______ more careful, his ship would not have sunk.

A. If the captain wereB. Had the captain been

C. Should the captain be

D. If the captain would have been

3. If he ______ me tomorrow, I would let him know.

A. should call

B. should not have been able

C. were not able

D. are not able

4. If you asked your father, you ______ permission.

A. may get

B. might get

C. should have called

D. maybe get

5. _____ today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave

B. Was he leaving