实验六、传输层可靠传输协议GBN编程实验报告序号：姓名：学号：成绩指导老师：一、实验目的：1、通过编写实现一个简单可靠的数据传输协议GBN的发送和接收代码，模拟可靠数据传输2、理解TCP协议可靠传输的差错检测、重传、累计确认、定时器的可靠传输策略。
二、实验指导：参考教材。
动画演示：三、实验要求：编程实现一个GBN传输协议的发送方和接收方两程序，采用编程语言不限，要求能将发送――接收流程以及处理方法表现出来.1.实验流程图如下:N2.实验截图与代码如下: 截图: 传送下一个数据包结束代码及注释:一、GBN.h#pragma once#include <stdio.h>//基础功能模块的数据结构声明#define BIDIRECTIONAL 1 /* change to 1 if you're doing extra credit andwrite a routine called B_output *//* a "msg" is the data unit passed from layer 5 (teachers code) to layer4 (students' code). It contains the data (characters) to be delivered tolayer 5 via the students transport level protocol entities. */struct msg{ char data[20];};/* a packet is the data unit passed from layer 4 (students code) to layer3 (teachers code). Note the pre-defined packet structure, which allstudents must follow. */struct pkt{int seqnum;int acknum;int checksum;char payload[20];};#define WINDOWSIZE 8#define MAXBUFSIZE 50#define RTT 15.0#define NOTUSED 0#define NACK -1#define TRUE 1#define FALSE 0#define A 0#define B 1//网络仿真部分数据结构声明***********************************************************struct event{float evtime; /* event time */int evtype; /* event type code */int eventity; /* entity where event occurs */struct pkt *pktptr; /* ptr to packet (if any) assoc w/ this event */ struct event *prev;struct event *next;};/* possible events: */#define TIMER_INTERRUPT 0#define FROM_LAYER5 1#define FROM_LAYER3 2#define OFF 0#define ON 1//基础功能模块的函数声明******************************************************************* void ComputeChecksum(struct pkt *packet);//计算校验和int CheckCorrupted(struct pkt packet);//检查数据是否出错void A_output( struct msg message);//A端向外发送数据void A_input(struct pkt packet);//A端接收数据void A_timerinterrupt();//A计时器超时void A_init();//A端初始化void B_output(struct msg message);void B_input(struct pkt packet);void B_timerinterrupt();void B_init();//网络仿真部分的函数声明**************************************************void init(); //初始化仿真器float jimsrand();//随机数发生器[0,1]//处理事件列表部分的函数声明*********************************************void generate_next_arrival();//产生下一个到达的分组void insertevent(struct event *p);//向事件列表中插入一条新的事件void printevlist();//打印事件列表//******************************************************************** //**********************计时器模块*********************************** void stoptimer(int);//停止计时器void starttimer(int,float);//启动计时器//******************************************************************** *//**************************网络各层之间传送模块***********************void tolayer3(int AorB,struct pkt packet);//向第3层发送信息void tolayer5(int AorB,char datasent[20]);//向第5层发送信息二、GBN.c#include "GBN.h"#include <stdio.h>#include <string.h>#include <stdlib.h>extern int TRACE = 1; /* for my debugging */为我的调试extern int nsim = 0; /* number of messages from 5 to 4 so far */目前为止信息的数字是从5到4extern int nsimmax = 0; /* number of msgs to generate, then stop */如果信息产生的数字为0，然后就停止extern float time = 0.000;float lossprob; /* probability that a packet is dropped */数据包可能会丢失float corruptprob; /* probability that one bit is packet is flipped*/这一点的数据包可能会被弹出去float lambda; /* arrival rate of messages from layer 5 */ 第五层到达的信息的次序int ntolayer3; /* number sent into layer 3 */被传送到第三层的数据static int nlost = 0; /* number lost in media */在媒介中数据丢失static int ncorrupt = 0; /* number co rrupted by media*/被媒介毁坏的数据static int expectedseqnum = 0; /* expected se quence number at receiver side */在接收者这边接收到预期的序列数据static int nextseqnum; /* next sequence number to use in sender side */下一个序列数据使用在发送者这边static int base; /* t he head of sender window */发送者的头窗口struct pkt winbuf[WINDOWSIZE]; /* window packets buffer */数据包缓冲区窗口static int winfront,winrear; /* front and rear points of wind ow buffer */窗口缓冲区的前方点和后方点static int pktnum; /* packet number of window buffer */窗口缓冲区的数据包个数struct msg buffer[MAXBUFSIZE]; /* sender message buffer */发送消息缓冲区int buffront,bufrear; /* front and rear pointers of buffer */缓冲区的前指针与后指针static int msgnum; /* message number of buffer */信息数量的缓冲int packet_lost =0;int packet_corrupt=0;int packet_sent =0;extern int packet_correct=0;extern int packet_resent =0;int packet_timeout=0;extern struct event *evlist = NULL; /* the event list *///计算校验和void ComputeChecksum( struct pkt *packet){int checksum;int i;checksum = packet->seqnum;checksum = checksum + packet->acknum;for ( i=0; i<20; i++ )checksum = checksum + (int)(packet->payload[i]);checksum = 0-checksum;packet->checksum = checksum;}//检查是否出错int CheckCorrupted(struct pkt packet){int checksum;int i;checksum = packet.seqnum;checksum = checksum + packet.acknum;for ( i=0; i<20; i++ )checksum = checksum + (int)(packet.payload[i]);if ( (packet.checksum+checksum) == 0 )return (FALSE);elsereturn (TRUE);}//A端向外发送数据/* called from layer 5, passed the data to be sent to other side */ void A_output(struct msg message){int i;struct pkt sendpkt;/* if window is not full */if ( nextseqnum < base+WINDOWSIZE ){printf("----A: New message arrives, send window is not full, send new messge to layer3!\n");/* create packet */sendpkt.seqnum = nextseqnum;sendpkt.acknum = NOTUSED;for ( i=0; i<20 ; i++ )sendpkt.payload[i] = message.data[i];/* computer checksum */ComputeChecksum (&sendpkt);/* send out packet */tolayer3 (A, sendpkt);/* copy the packet to window packet buffer */winrear = (winrear+1)%WINDOWSIZE;pktnum ++;winbuf[winrear] = sendpkt;for (i=0; i<20; i++)winbuf[winrear].payload[i]= sendpkt.payload[i];/* update state variables */nextseqnum = nextseqnum+1;starttimer(A,RTT);B_input(sendpkt);A_input(sendpkt);}/* if window is full */else{printf("----A: New message arrives, send window is full,");/* if buffer full, give up and exit*/if ( msgnum == MAXBUFSIZE){printf (" Error: Sender buffer is full! \n");exit (1);}/* otherwise, buffer the message */else{printf("buffer new message!\n");bufrear = (bufrear+1) % MAXBUFSIZE;for (i=0; i<20; i++)buffer[bufrear].data[i] = message.data[i];msgnum ++;}}}//B端向外发送数据/* called from layer 5, passed the data to be sent to other side */ void B_output(struct msg message){int i;struct pkt sendpkt;/* if window is not full */if ( nextseqnum < base+WINDOWSIZE ){printf("----A: New message arrives, send window is not full, send new messge to layer3!\n");/* create packet */sendpkt.seqnum = nextseqnum;sendpkt.acknum = NOTUSED;for ( i=0; i<20 ; i++ )sendpkt.payload[i] = message.data[i];/* computer checksum */ComputeChecksum (&sendpkt);/* send out packet */tolayer3 (A, sendpkt);A_input(sendpkt);/* copy the packet to window packet buffer */winrear = (winrear+1)%WINDOWSIZE;pktnum ++;winbuf[winrear] = sendpkt;for (i=0; i<20; i++)winbuf[winrear].payload[i]= sendpkt.payload[i];/* if it is the first packet in window, start timeout */ //if ( base == nextseqnum )//{//starttimer(A,RTT);//printf("----A: start a new timer!\n");// }/* update state variables */nextseqnum = nextseqnum+1;}/* if window is full */else{printf("----A: New message arrives, send window is full,");/* if buffer full, give up and exit*/if ( msgnum == MAXBUFSIZE){printf (" Error: Sender buffer is full! \n");exit (1);}/* otherwise, buffer the message */else{printf("buffer new message!\n");bufrear = (bufrear+1) % MAXBUFSIZE;for (i=0; i<20; i++)buffer[bufrear].data[i] = message.data[i];msgnum ++;}}}//A端接收数据void A_input(struct pkt packet){struct pkt sendpkt;int i;/* if received packet is not corrupted and ACK is received */if ( (CheckCorrupted(packet) == FALSE) && (packet.acknum != NACK) ) {printf("----A: ACK %d is correctly received,",packet.acknum);packet_correct++;/* delete the acked packets from window buffer */winfront = (winfront+(packet.acknum+1-base)) % WINDOWSIZE; pktnum = pktnum - (packet.acknum+1-base);/* move window base */base = packet.acknum+1;stoptimer(A);if ( base < nextseqnum){//starttimer(A,RTT);printf ("\n\n\nsend new packets!");}/* if buffer is not empty, send new packets */while ( (msgnum!=0) && (nextseqnum<base+WINDOWSIZE) ) {/* create packet */sendpkt.seqnum = nextseqnum;sendpkt.acknum = NOTUSED;buffront = (buffront+1) % MAXBUFSIZE;for ( i=0; i<20 ; i++ )sendpkt.payload[i] = buffer[buffront].data[i];/* computer checksum */ComputeChecksum (&sendpkt);/* if it is the first packet in window, start timeout */if ( base == nextseqnum ){//starttimer(A,RTT);printf ("send new packets!\n");}/* send out packet */tolayer3 (A, sendpkt);/* copy the packet to window packet buffer */winrear = (winrear+1)%WINDOWSIZE;winbuf[winrear] = sendpkt;pktnum ++;/* update state variables */nextseqnum = nextseqnum+1;/* delete message from buffer */msgnum --;}}elseprintf ("----A: NACK is received, do nothing!\n");}//B端接收数据*****************************************************一定要调用这个/* Note that with simplex transfer from a-to-B, there is no B_output() */ /* called from layer 3, when a packet arrives for layer 4 at B*/void B_input(struct pkt packet){struct pkt sendpkt;int i;/* if not corrupted and received packet is in order */if ( (CheckCorrupted(packet) == FALSE) && (packet.seqnum == expectedseqnum)){printf("\n----B: packet %d is correctly received, send ACK!\n",packet.seqnum);/* send an ACK for the received packet *//* create packet */sendpkt.seqnum = NOTUSED;sendpkt.acknum = expectedseqnum;for ( i=0; i<20 ; i++ )sendpkt.payload[i] = '0';/* computer checksum */ComputeChecksum (&sendpkt);/* send out packet *///tolayer3 (B, sendpkt);/* update state variables */expectedseqnum = expectedseqnum+1;printf("----B:expectedseqnum = %d\n",expectedseqnum);/* deliver received packet to layer 5 *///tolayer5(B,packet.payload);}/* otherwise, discard the packet and send a NACK */else{printf("----B: packet %d is corrupted or not I expects, send NACK!\n",packet.seqnum);/* create packet */sendpkt.seqnum = NOTUSED;sendpkt.acknum = NACK;for ( i=0; i<20 ; i++ )sendpkt.payload[i] = '0';/* computer checksum */ComputeChecksum (&sendpkt);/* send out packet */tolayer3 (B, sendpkt);}}//A计时器超时/* called when A's timer goes off */void A_timerinterrupt(){int i;printf("----A: time out,resend packets!\n");/* start timer */starttimer(A,RTT);/* resend all packets not acked */for ( i=1; i<=pktnum; i++ ){packet_resent++;tolayer3(A,winbuf[(winfront+i)%WINDOWSIZE]);}}//B计时器超时/* called when B's timer goes off */void B_timerinterrupt(){int i;printf("----B: time out,resend packets!\n");/* start timer */starttimer(B,RTT);/* resend all packets not acked */for ( i=1; i<=pktnum; i++ ){packet_resent++;tolayer3(B,winbuf[(winfront+i)%WINDOWSIZE]);}}//A端初始化/* entity A routines are called. You can use it to do any initialization */void A_init()base = 0;nextseqnum = 0;buffront = 0;bufrear = 0;msgnum = 0;winfront = 0;winrear = 0;pktnum = 0;}//B端初始化/* entity B routines are called. You can use it to do any initialization */void B_init(){expectedseqnum = 0;}//初始化仿真器void init() /* initialize the simulator */{int i;float sum, avg;float jimsrand();FILE *fp;fp = fopen ("parameter.txt","r");printf("----- Stop and Wait Network Simulator Version 1.1 -------- \n\n");printf("Enter the number of messages to simulate: ");//fscanf(fp,"%d",&nsimmax);scanf("%d",&nsimmax);printf("\nEnter packet loss probability [enter 0.0 for no loss]: "); //fscanf(fp, "%f",&lossprob);scanf("%f",&lossprob);printf("\nEnter packet corruption probability [0.0 for no corruption]: "); //fscanf(fp,"%f",&corruptprob);scanf("%f",&corruptprob);printf("\nEnter average time between messages from sender's layer5 [ > 0.0]: ");//fscanf(fp,"%f",&lambda);scanf("%f",&lambda);printf("\nEnter TRACE: ");//fscanf(fp,"%d",&TRACE);scanf("%d",&TRACE);printf("\n\n");srand(9999); /* init random number generator */sum = 0.0; /* test random number generator for students */for (i=0; i<1000; i++)sum=sum+jimsrand(); /* jimsrand() should be uniform in [0,1] */avg = sum/1000.0;/*if(avg < 0.25 || avg > 0.75){printf("It is likely that random number generation on your machine\n" ); printf("is different from what this emulator expects. Please take\n"); printf("a look at the routine jimsrand() in the emulator code. Sorry. \n");exit(0);}*/printf("%f",avg);ntolayer3 = 0;nlost = 0;ncorrupt = 0;time=0.0; /* initialize time to 0.0 */generate_next_arrival(); /* initialize event list */}//随机数发生器float jimsrand(){double mmm = 2147483647; /* largest int - MACHINE DEPENDENT */float x; /* individual students may need to change mmm */x = rand()/mmm; /* x should be uniform in [0,1] */return(x);}//**************************************************************************************//*******************************事件处理部分*******************************************void generate_next_arrival(){double x,log(),ceil();struct event *evptr;float ttime;int tempint;//if (TRACE>2)//printf("-----------------GENERATE NEXT ARRIVAL: creating new arrival\n");x = lambda*jimsrand()*2; /* x is uniform on [0,2*lambda] *//* having mean of lambda */evptr = (struct event *)malloc(sizeof(struct event));evptr->evtime = time + x;evptr->evtype = FROM_LAYER5;if (jimsrand()<0.5){evptr->eventity = A;}evptr->eventity = B;insertevent(evptr);}//向事件列表中插入一条新的事件void insertevent(struct event *p){struct event *q,*qold;if (TRACE>2){//printf(" INSERTEVENT: time is %lf\n",time);//printf(" INSERTEVENT: future time will be %lf\n",p->evtime);}q = evlist; /* q points to front of list in which p struct inserted */if (q==NULL)/* list is empty */{evlist=p;p->next=NULL;p->prev=NULL;}else{for (qold = q; q !=NULL && p->evtime > q->evtime; q=q->next) qold=q;if (q==NULL)/* end of list */{qold->next = p;p->prev = qold;p->next = NULL;}else if (q==evlist)/* front of list */p->next=evlist;p->prev=NULL;p->next->prev=p;evlist = p;}else /* middle of list */{p->next=q;p->prev=q->prev;q->prev->next=p;q->prev=p;}}}//打印事件列表void printevlist(){struct event *q;int i;printf("--------------\nEvent List Follows:\n");for(q = evlist; q!=NULL; q=q->next){printf("Event time: %f, type: %d entity: %d\n",q->evtime,q->evtype,q->eventity);}printf("--------------\n");}//启动计时器void starttimer(int AorB,float increment){struct event *q;struct event *evptr;if (TRACE>2)printf("\n----A: START TIMER: starting timer at %f\n",time);/* be nice: check to see if timer is already started, if so, then warn *//* for (q=evlist; q!=NULL && q->next!=NULL; q = q->next) */for (q=evlist; q!=NULL ; q = q->next)if ( (q->evtype==TIMER_INTERRUPT && q->eventity==AorB) ){//printf("Warning: attempt to start a timer that is already started\n");return;}/* create future event for when timer goes off */evptr = (struct event *)malloc(sizeof(struct event));evptr->evtime = time + increment;evptr->evtype = TIMER_INTERRUPT;evptr->eventity = AorB;insertevent(evptr);}//停止计时器/* called by students routine to cancel a previously-started timer */ void stoptimer(int AorB) /* A or B is trying to stop timer */{struct event *q,*qold;if (TRACE>2)printf("\n----A: STOP TIMER: stopping timer\n");/* for (q=evlist; q!=NULL && q->next!=NULL; q = q->next) */for (q=evlist; q!=NULL ; q = q->next)if ( (q->evtype==TIMER_INTERRUPT && q->eventity==AorB) )/* remove this event */{if (q->next==NULL && q->prev==NULL)evlist=NULL; /* remove first and only event on listelse if (q->next==NULL) /* end of list - there is one in front */ q->prev->next = NULL;else if (q==evlist) /* front of list - there must be event after */{q->next->prev=NULL;evlist = q->next;}else /* middle of list */{q->next->prev = q->prev;q->prev->next = q->next;}free(q);return;}//printf("Warning: unable to cancel your timer. It wasn't running.\n");}//向第三层发送信息/************************** TOLAYER3 ***************/void tolayer3(int AorB,struct pkt packet){struct pkt *mypktptr;struct event *evptr,*q;float lastime, x, jimsrand();int i;ntolayer3++;/* simulate losses: */if (jimsrand() < lossprob){nlost++;if (TRACE>0)printf(" TOLAYER3: packet being lost\n");return;}/* make a copy of the packet student just gave me since he/she may decide *//* to do something with the packet after we return back to him/her */ mypktptr = (struct pkt *)malloc(sizeof(struct pkt));mypktptr->seqnum = packet.seqnum;mypktptr->acknum = packet.acknum;mypktptr->checksum = packet.checksum;for (i=0; i<20; i++)mypktptr->payload[i] = packet.payload[i];if (TRACE>2){printf(" TOLAYER3: seq: %d, ack %d, check: %d ", mypktptr->seqnum,mypktptr->acknum, mypktptr->checksum);for (i=0; i<20; i++)printf("%c",mypktptr->payload[i]);printf("");}/* create future event for arrival of packet at the other side */evptr = (struct event *)malloc(sizeof(struct event));evptr->evtype = FROM_LAYER3; /* packet will pop out from layer3 */ evptr->eventity = (AorB) % 2; /* event occurs at other entity */evptr->pktptr = mypktptr; /* save ptr to my copy of packet *//* finally, compute the arrival time of packet at the other end. medium can not reorder, so make sure packet arrives between 1 and 10 time units after the latest arrival time of packetscurrently in the medium on their way to the destination */lastime = time;/* for (q=evlist; q!=NULL && q->next!=NULL; q = q->next) */for (q=evlist; q!=NULL ; q = q->next)if ( (q->evtype==FROM_LAYER3 && q->eventity==evptr->eventity) ) lastime = q->evtime;evptr->evtime = lastime + 1 + 9*jimsrand();/* simulate corruption: */if (jimsrand() < corruptprob){ncorrupt++;if ( (x = jimsrand()) < .75)mypktptr->payload[0]='Z'; /* corrupt payload */else if (x < .875)mypktptr->seqnum = 999999;elsemypktptr->acknum = 999999;if (TRACE>0)printf(" TOLAYER3: packet being corrupted\n");}//if (TRACE>2)//printf(" TOLAYER3: scheduling arrival on other side\n");insertevent(evptr);}//向第五层发送信息/************************** TOLAYER5 ***************/void tolayer5(int AorB,char datasent[20]){int i;if (TRACE>2){printf(" TOLAYER5: data received: ");for (i=0; i<20; i++)printf("%c",datasent[i]);printf("\n");}}三、GBN-CS.c#include "GBN.h"#include <stdio.h>#include <string.h>#include <stdlib.h>extern int TRACE ; /* for my debugging */extern int nsim ; /* number of messages from 5 to 4 so far */extern int nsimmax; /* number of msgs to generate, then stop */extern float time;extern int packet_correct;extern int packet_resent;extern struct event *evlist;int main(){struct event *eventptr;struct msg msg2give;struct pkt pkt2give;int i,j;char c;init();A_init();B_init();while (1){eventptr = evlist; /* get next event to simulate */ if (eventptr==NULL)goto terminate;evlist = evlist->next; /* remove this event from event list */if (evlist!=NULL)evlist->prev=NULL;if (TRACE >= 2){printf("\nEVENT time: %f,",eventptr->evtime);printf(" type: %d",eventptr->evtype);if (eventptr->evtype==0)printf(", timerinterrupt ");else if (eventptr->evtype==1)printf(", fromlayer5 ");elseprintf(", fromlayer3 ");printf(" entity: %d\n",eventptr->eventity);}time = eventptr->evtime; /* update time to next event time*/if (nsim==nsimmax)break; /* all done with simulation */if (eventptr->evtype == FROM_LAYER5 ){generate_next_arrival(); /* set up future arrival *//* fill in msg to give with string of same letter */j = nsim % 26;for (i=0; i<20; i++)msg2give.data[i] = 97 + j;if (TRACE>2){printf(" MAINLOOP: data given to student: ");for (i=0; i<20; i++)printf("%c", msg2give.data[i]);printf("\n");}nsim++;if (eventptr->eventity == A){A_output(msg2give);}else{B_output(msg2give);}}else if (eventptr->evtype == FROM_LAYER3){pkt2give.seqnum = eventptr->pktptr->seqnum;pkt2give.acknum = eventptr->pktptr->acknum;pkt2give.checksum = eventptr->pktptr->checksum;for (i=0; i<20; i++)pkt2give.payload[i] = eventptr->pktptr->payload[i];if (eventptr->eventity == A) /* deliver packet by calling */ A_input(pkt2give); /* appropriate entity */elseB_input(pkt2give);free(eventptr->pktptr); /* free the memory for packet */ }else if (eventptr->evtype == TIMER_INTERRUPT){if (eventptr->eventity == A)A_timerinterrupt();elseB_timerinterrupt();}else{printf("INTERNAL PANIC: unknown event type \n");}free(eventptr);}terminate:printf(" Simulator terminated at time %f\n after sending %d msgs from layer5\n",time,nsim);printf(" correctly sent pkts: %d \n", packet_correct);printf(" resent pkts: %d \n", packet_resent);system("pause");}附源代码及注释四. 实验小结通过本次试验了解了编程实现简单可靠的数据传输GBN协议，模拟了可靠数据传输理解了TCP协议可靠传输的差错检测、重传、累计确认、定时器的可靠传输策略。
