铁素体 Ferrite(中英文对照)

热处理常用词汇中英文对照热处理常用词汇中英文对照 indication 缺陷 test specimen 试样bar 棒材stock 原料billet 方钢，钢方坯bloom 钢坯,钢锭section 型材steel ingot 钢锭blank 坯料，半成品cast steel 铸钢nodular cast iron 球墨铸铁ductile cast iron 球墨铸铁bronze 青铜brass 黄铜copper 合金stainless steel不锈钢decarburization 脱碳scale 氧化皮anneal 退火process anneal 进行退火quenching 淬火normalizing 正火Charpy impact text 夏比冲击试验fatigue 疲劳tensile testing 拉伸试验solution 固溶处理aging 时效处理Vickers hardness维氏硬度Rockwell hardness 洛氏硬度Brinell hardness 布氏硬度hardness tester硬度计descale 除污，除氧化皮等ferrite 铁素体austenite 奥氏体martensite马氏体cementite 渗碳体iron carbide 渗碳体solid solution 固溶体sorbite 索氏体bainite 贝氏体pearlite 珠光体nodular fine pearlite/ troostite屈氏体black oxide coating 发黑grain 晶粒chromium 铬cadmium 镉tungsten 钨molybdenum 钼manganese 锰vanadium 钒molybdenum 钼silicon 硅sulfer/sulphur 硫phosphor/ phosphorus 磷nitrided 氮化的case hardening 表面硬化，表面淬硬air cooling 空冷furnace cooling 炉冷oil cooling 油冷electrocladding /plating 电镀brittleness 脆性strength 强度rigidity 刚性,刚度creep 蠕变deflection 挠度elongation 延伸率yield strength 屈服强度elastoplasticity 弹塑性metallographic structure 金相组织metallographic test 金相试验carbon content 含碳量induction hardening 感应淬火impedance matching 感应淬火hardening and tempering 调质crack 裂纹shrinkage 缩孔，疏松forging 锻（件）casting 铸（件）rolling 轧（件）drawing 拉（件）shot blasting 喷丸（处理）grit blasting 喷钢砂（处理）sand blasting 喷砂（处理）carburizing 渗碳nitriding 渗氮ageing/aging 时效grain size 晶粒度pore 气孔sonim 夹砂cinder inclusion 夹渣lattice晶格abrasion/abrasive/rub/wear/wearing resistance (property) 耐磨性 spectrum analysis光谱分析heat/thermal treatment 热处理inclusion 夹杂物segregation 偏析picking 酸洗，酸浸residual stress 残余应力remaining stress 残余应力relaxation of residual stress 消除残余应力stress relief 应力释放械类常用英语：常用加工机械械类常用英语：常用加工机械3D coordinate measurement 三次元量床boring machine 搪孔机cnc milling machine CNC铣床contouring machine 轮廓锯床copy grinding machine 仿形磨床copy lathe 仿形车床copy milling machine 仿形铣床copy shaping machine 仿形刨床cylindrical grinding machine 外圆磨床die spotting machine 合模机drilling machine ?孔机engraving machine 雕刻机engraving E.D.M. 雕模放置加工机form grinding machine 成形磨床graphite machine 石墨加工机horizontal boring machine 卧式搪孔机horizontal machine center 卧式加工制造中心internal cylindrical machine 内圆磨床jig boring machine 冶具搪孔机jig grinding machine 冶具磨床lap machine 研磨机machine center 加工制造中心multi model miller 靠磨铣床NC drilling machine NC钻床NC grinding machine NC磨床NC lathe NC车床NC programming system NC程式制作系统planer 龙门刨床profile grinding machine 投影磨床projection grinder 投影磨床radial drilling machine 旋臂?床shaper 牛头刨床surface grinder 平面磨床try machine 试模机turret lathe 转塔车床universal tool grinding machine 万能工具磨床vertical machine center 立式加工制造中心wire E.D.M. 线割放电加工机机械术语中英文对照(二)Bending: 挠曲witness test订货人在场的试验Welding: 焊接Threading: 车缧纹Leveling：校平color identification 彩色识别Alignment：对准,定位调整check against 检查, 核对Fixing：固定Console：控制台cubicle室,箱audit 审计material certificate.材料合格证vertical panel竖直面板power distribution panel 配电盘gauge board仪表板beveling 磨斜棱,磨斜边local panel 现场配电盘grouting 灌浆fabrication 加工,制造instrument rack 计测器支架tank gauge 液面计flushing 冲洗，填缝analyzer分析器piping管道敷设tubing敷设管道cable fitting电缆配件elbow.弯管接头main pipe 主管道bend.弯管弯头solvent 溶剂postweld heat treatment 焊后热处理jig.夹具arc gouging 电弧刨削chipping修琢machining 机械加工bridges.管式桥clamp.夹钳tack welding 点焊butt welding 对接焊grinder. 磨床commencement.开始gusset plate角撑板, 加固板process pipe 工艺管道land 纹间表面tee 三通管丁字钢T形梁opening 开口reinforcing pad.补强垫,增强衬板flux 焊剂wet developer 湿显像剂blowhole气泡,气孔inclusion 杂质imperfection 缺陷limitation 限度valve 阀,闸门structural attachment 结构附件tapered allowance 削尖余量tack welding 平头焊接sputter 喷溅scale 废料lateral translation侧向平移weld joint 焊缝, 焊接接头plug.塞fusion 熔融base material基底材料lead foil 铅箔intensifying screen 增光屏, 光增强屏pressure test.压力试验film density.影片密度line number行数leak test漏泄试验plate thickness 筛板厚度restoration修理field fabricated 工地制造的,现场装配的junction box.接线盒flow sheet 流程图vent 放气孔, 通风孔drain 排水管instrument air仪表气源blind挡板pipe arrangement 管配置civil engineer.土木工程师bus duct 母线槽substation分站flow instrument 流量计power distribution panel 配电盘level instrument 位面计, 水平仪pressure instrument 压力仪表/压力计level switch (信号)电平开关,gage glass 液位玻璃管pilot tube指示灯line check 小检修recalibration.复校,重新校准blinding plate盲板expansion joint 伸缩接头hydrostatic pressure test静水压试验pneumatic pressure 气压scaffolding脚手架check valve止回阀liquid penetrant examination液体渗透探伤test pump试验泵witnessed inspections 现场检测hanger吊架control valve控制阀,fabrication drawing 制造图纸,制作图schedule number表示管壁厚度系列的号码hydrostatic test .流体静力学试验,水压试验design pressure 设计压力disposition notice 处罚通知书pipe stanchion 管支柱bellow type 波纹管式expansion joint 伸缩接头vibration stopper：减震器subcontractor 转包商WPS Works Process Specification 典型工艺规程piping.管道系统flange.凸缘sleeve 套筒ferritic .铁素体的identification mark 识别标志stencil.模绘片版,镂花模板stamping .冲压silicone paint硅树脂油漆weld bead 焊缝automatic temperature recorder 温度自动记录器penetrameter 透度计film viewer底片观察用光源civil works土建工程，建筑工程lump sum price 混合价格,统包价格scrap material废料caulking metal填隙合金[金属](材料) application drawing操作图, 应用图cable routing电缆路由选择channel bases沟渠基底vertical panel竖直面板local panel 现场配电盘power distribution panel 配电盘gauge board样板, 模板规准尺anchor bolt 锚定螺栓expansion bolt 伸缩栓, 扩开螺栓field instrument.携带式仪表instrument rack 计测器支架,计测器框架tank gauge 油箱液位计guide wire 尺度[定距]索,准绳name plate名牌, 商标lead pipe铅管take-off valve输出阀sub-header分联箱air header 集气管pneumatic signal气动信号steam trace 加热蒸汽管道electric heat tracing.电伴随加热cable trunk 电缆管道stop end封端fire barriers防火间隔bonding wire 接合线, 焊线conduit box [电]导管分线匣rigid conduits 刚性导管flexible conduit软管conduit entry 导管引入装置road crossing duct bank平交道口管道组Capping ends顶盖末端cable armor电缆铠装Cable sheath电缆包皮层sealing compound电缆膏coaxial cable同轴电缆loop test环路测试sequence test.联锁顺序试验lintel beam 水平横楣梁flash plate闪熔镀层anchor bolt 地脚螺栓expansion bolt伸缩栓, 扩开螺栓shim plate 垫板push button station按钮式控制站logic diagram逻辑图calculation sheet计算书flow instrument流量计level instrument 位面计, 水平仪layout drawing 布置图tie band捆扎用带材Heating boxes加热室cutting opening切孔control valve actuator 阀控传动机构air set空气中凝固, 常温自硬自然硬化solenoid valve.螺线管阀,电磁阀calorimeter热量计odometer历程标tachometer转速计chronometer精密计时表机械工具词汇中英文对照扳子spanner (美作:wrench)双头扳子double-ended spanner活扳子,活络扳手adjustable spanner, monkey wrench 管钳子box spanner (美作:socket wrench)卡规calipers夹钳pincers, tongs剪子shears钢锯hacksaw剪线钳wire cutters万能手钳multipurpose pliers, universal pliers可调手钳adjustable pliers冲子punch钻drill卡盘chuck三角刮刀scraper扩孔钻reamer孔径规calliper gauge铆钉rivet螺母nut自锁螺母,防松螺母locknut螺栓bolt销钉pin, peg, dowel垫圈washerU形钉staple油壶oil can工作服jack注油枪grease gun机械加工抛光polishing安装to assemble衬套bushing半机械化semi-mechanization; semi-mechanized 半自动滚刀磨床semi-automatic hob grinder半自动化semi-automation; semi-automatic扳手wrench备件spare parts边刨床side planer变速箱transmission gear柄轴arbor部件units; assembly parts插床slotting machine拆卸to disassemble超高速内圆磨床ultra-high-speed internal grinder 车床lathe; turning lathe车刀lathe tool车轮车床car wheel lathe车削turning车轴axle模具工程常用词汇die 模具figure file, chart file图档cutting die, blanking die冲裁模progressive die, follow (-on)die连续模compound die复合模punched hole冲孔panel board镶块to cutedges=side cut=side scrap切边to bending折弯to pull, to stretch拉伸Line streching, line pulling线拉伸engraving, to engrave刻印upsiding down edges翻边to stake铆合designing, to design设计design modification设计变化die block模块folded block折弯块sliding block滑块location pin定位销lifting pin顶料销die plate, front board模板padding block垫块stepping bar垫条upper die base上模座lower die base下模座upper supporting blank上承板upper padding plate blank上垫板spare dies模具备品spring 弹簧bolt螺栓document folder文件夹file folder资料夹to put file in order整理资料spare tools location手工备品仓first count初盘人first check初盘复棹人second count 复盘人second check复盘复核人equipment设备waste materials废料work in progress product在制品casing = containerazation装箱quantity of physical invetory second count 复盘点数量quantity of customs count会计师盘,点数量the first page第一联filed by accounting department for reference会计部存查end-user/using unit(department)使用单位summary of year-end physical inventory bills年终盘点截止单据汇总表bill name单据名称This sheet and physical inventory list will be sent to accounting department together (Those of NHK will be sent to financial department)本表请与盘点清册一起送会计部－(NHK厂区送财会部)Application status records of year-end physical inventory List and physical inventory card 年终盘点卡与清册使用－状况明细表blank and waste sheet NO.空白与作废单号plate电镀mold成型material for engineering mold testing工程试模材料not included in physical inventory不列入盘点sample样品incoming material to be inspected进货待验description品名steel/rolled steel钢材material statistics sheet物料统计明细表meeting minutes会议记录meeting type 会别distribution department分发单位location地点chairman主席present members出席人员subject主题conclusion结论decision items决议事项responsible department负责单位pre-fixed finishing date预定完成日approved by / checked by / prepared by核准/审核/承办PCE assembly production schedule sheetPCE组装厂生产排配表model机锺work order工令revision版次remark备注production control confirmation生产确认checked by初审approved by核准department部门stock age analysis sheet库存货龄分析表on-hand inventory现有库存available material良品可使用obsolete material良品已呆滞to be inspected or reworked待验或重工total合计cause description原因说明part number/ P/N 料号type形态item/group/class类别quality品质prepared by制表notes说明year-end physical inventory difference analysis sheet年终盘点差异分析表physical inventory盘点数量physical count quantity帐面数量difference quantity差异量cause analysis原因分析raw materials原料materials物料finished product成品semi-finished product半成品packing materials包材good product/accepted goods/ accepted parts/good parts良品defective product/non-good parts不良品disposed goods处理品warehouse/hub仓库on way location在途仓oversea location海外仓spare parts physical inventory list备品盘点清单spare molds location模具备品仓skid/pallet栈板tox machine自铆机wire EDM线割EDM放电机coil stock卷料sheet stock片料tolerance工差score=groove压线cam block滑块pilot导正筒trim剪外边pierce剪内边drag form压锻差pocket for the punch head挂钩槽slug hole废料孔feature die公母模expansion dwg展开图radius半径shim(wedge)楔子torch-flame cut火焰切割set screw止付螺丝form block折刀stop pin定位销round pierce punch=die button圆冲子shape punch=die insert异形子stock locater block定位块under cut=scrap chopper清角active plate活动板baffle plate挡块cover plate盖板male die公模female die母模groove punch压线冲子air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板bushing block衬套insert 入块club car高尔夫球车capability能力parameter参数factor系数phosphate皮膜化成viscosity涂料粘度alkalidipping脱脂main manifold主集流脉bezel斜视规blanking穿落模dejecting顶固模demagnetization去磁;消磁high-speed transmission高速传递heat dissipation热传rack上料degrease脱脂rinse水洗alkaline etch龄咬desmut剥黑膜D.I. rinse纯水次Chromate铬酸处理Anodize阳性处理seal封孔revision版次part number/P/N料号good products良品scraped products报放心品defective products不良品finished products成品disposed products处理品barcode条码flow chart流程表单assembly组装stamping冲压molding成型spare parts=buffer备品coordinate座标dismantle the die折模auxiliary fuction辅助功能poly-line多义线heater band 加热片thermocouple热电偶sand blasting喷沙grit 砂砾derusting machine除锈机degate打浇口dryer烘干机induction感应induction light感应光response=reaction=interaction感应ram连杆edge finder巡边器concave凸convex凹short射料不足nick缺口speck瑕??shine亮班splay 银纹gas mark焦痕delamination起鳞cold slug冷块blush 导色gouge沟槽;凿槽satin texture段面咬花witness line证示线patent专利grit沙砾granule=peuet=grain细粒grit maker抽粒机cushion缓冲magnalium镁铝合金magnesium镁金metal plate钣金lathe车mill锉plane刨grind磨drill钻boring镗blinster气泡fillet镶;嵌边through-hole form通孔形式voller pin formality滚针形式cam driver铡楔shank摸柄crank shaft曲柄轴augular offset角度偏差velocity速度production tempo生产进度现状torque扭矩spline=the multiple keys花键quenching淬火tempering回火annealing退火carbonization碳化alloy合金tungsten high speed steel钨高速的moly high speed steel钼高速的organic solvent有机溶剂bracket小磁导liaison联络单volatile挥发性resistance电阻ion离子titrator滴定仪beacon警示灯coolant冷却液crusher破碎机模具工程类plain die简易模pierce die冲孔模forming die成型模progressive die连续模gang dies复合模shearing die剪边模riveting die铆合模pierce冲孔forming成型(抽凸,冲凸) draw hole抽孔bending折弯trim切边emboss凸点dome凸圆semi-shearing半剪stamp mark冲记号deburr or coin压毛边punch riveting冲压铆合side stretch侧冲压平reel stretch卷圆压平groove压线blanking下料stamp letter冲字(料号) shearing剪断tick-mark nearside正面压印tick-mark farside反面压印extension dwg展开图procedure dwg工程图die structure dwg模具结构图material材质material thickness料片厚度factor系数upward向上downward向下press specification冲床规格die height range适用模高die height闭模高度burr毛边gap间隙weight重量total wt.总重量punch wt.上模重量五金零件类inner guiding post内导柱inner hexagon screw内六角螺钉dowel pin固定销coil spring弹簧lifter pin顶料销eq-height sleeves=spool等高套筒pin销lifter guide pin浮升导料销guide pin导正销wire spring圆线弹簧outer guiding post外导柱stop screw止付螺丝located pin定位销outer bush外导套模板类top plate上托板（顶板）top block上垫脚punch set上模座punch pad上垫板punch holder上夹板stripper pad脱料背板up stripper上脱料板male die公模(凸模)feature die公母模female die母模(凹模)upper plate上模板lower plate下模板die pad下垫板die holder下夹板die set下模座bottom block下垫脚bottom plate下托板(底板)stripping plate内外打(脱料板)outer stripper外脱料板inner stripper内脱料板lower stripper下脱料板零件类punch冲头insert入块(嵌入件)deburring punch压毛边冲子groove punch压线冲子stamped punch字模冲子round punch圆冲子special shape punch异形冲子bending block折刀roller滚轴baffle plate挡块located block定位块supporting block for location定位支承块air cushion plate气垫板air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆trimming punch切边冲子stiffening rib punch = stinger 加强筋冲子ribbon punch压筋冲子reel-stretch punch卷圆压平冲子guide plate定位板sliding block滑块sliding dowel block滑块固定块active plate活动板lower sliding plate下滑块板upper holder block上压块upper mid plate上中间板spring box弹簧箱spring-box eject-rod弹簧箱顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板bushing bolck衬套cover plate盖板guide pad导料块塑件&模具相关英文compre sion molding压缩成型flash mold溢流式模具plsitive mold挤压式模具split mold分割式模具cavity型控母模core模心公模taper锥拔leather cloak仿皮革shiver饰纹flow mark流痕welding mark溶合痕post screw insert螺纹套筒埋值self tapping screw自攻螺丝striper plate脱料板piston活塞cylinder汽缸套chip细碎物handle mold手持式模具移转成型用模具encapsulation molding低压封装成型射出成型用模具two plate两极式（模具）well type蓄料井insulated runner绝缘浇道方式hot runner热浇道runner plat浇道模块valve gate阀门浇口band heater环带状的电热器spindle阀针spear head刨尖头slag well冷料井cold slag冷料渣air vent排气道h=0.02~0.05mmw=3.2mmL=3~5mmwelding line熔合痕eject pin顶出针knock pin顶出销return pin回位销反顶针sleave套筒stripper plate脱料板insert core放置入子runner stripper plate浇道脱料板guide pin导销eject rod (bar)（成型机）顶业捧subzero深冷处理three plate三极式模具runner system浇道系统stress crack应力电裂orientation定向sprue gate射料浇口，直浇口nozzle射嘴sprue lock pin料头钩销(拉料杆) slag well冷料井side gate侧浇口edge gate侧缘浇口tab gate搭接浇口film gate薄膜浇口flash gate闸门浇口slit gate缝隙浇口fan gate扇形浇口dish gate因盘形浇口H=F=1/2t~1/5tT=2.5~3.5mmdiaphragm gate隔膜浇口ring gate环形浇口subarine gate潜入式浇口tunnel gate隧道式浇口pin gate针点浇口Φ0.8~1.0mmRunner less无浇道(sprue less)无射料管方式long nozzle延长喷嘴方式sprue浇口;溶渣组装、冲压、喷漆等专业词汇Assembly line组装线Layout布置图Conveyer流水线物料板Rivet table拉钉机Rivet gun拉钉枪Screw driver起子Electric screw driver电动起子Pneumatic screw driver气动起子worktable 工作桌OOBA开箱检查fit together组装在一起fasten锁紧(螺丝)fixture 夹具(治具)pallet栈板barcode条码barcode scanner条码扫描器fuse together熔合fuse machine热熔机repair修理operator作业员QC品管supervisor 课长ME制造工程师MT制造生技（生产技术）cosmetic inspect外观检查inner parts inspect内部检查thumb screw大头螺丝lbs. inch镑、英寸EMI gasket导电条front plate前板rear plate后板chassis 基座bezel panel面板power button电源按键reset button重置键Hi-pot test of SPS高源高压测试Voltage switch of SPS电源电压接拉键sheet metal parts 冲件plastic parts塑胶件SOP制造作业程序material check list物料检查表work cell工作间trolley台车carton纸箱sub-line支线left fork叉车personnel resource department人力资源部personnel [ ]1. (总称)人员,员工 2. 人事部门;人事课(或室等)production department生产部门planning department企划部QC Section品管科stamping factory冲压厂painting factory烤漆厂molding factory成型厂common equipment常用设备uncoiler and straightener整平机punching machine 冲床robot机械手hydraulic machine油压机lathe车床planer |'plein|刨床miller铣床grinder磨床driller??床linear cutting线切割electrical sparkle电火花welder电焊机staker=reviting machine铆合机position职务president董事长general manager总经理special assistant manager特助factory director厂长department director部长deputy manager | =vice manager副理section supervisor课长deputy section supervisor =vice section superisor副课长group leader/supervisor组长line supervisor线长assistant manager助理to move, to carry, to handle搬运be put in storage入库pack packing包装to apply oil擦油to file burr 锉毛刺final inspection终检to connect material接料to reverse material 翻料wet station沾湿台Tiana天那水cleaning cloth抹布to load material上料to unload material卸料to return material/stock to退料scraped |'skræpid|报废scrape ..v.刮;削deficient purchase来料不良manufacture procedure制程deficient manufacturing procedure制程不良oxidation |' ksi'dei n|氧化scratch刮伤dents压痕defective upsiding down抽芽不良defective to staking铆合不良embedded lump镶块feeding is not in place送料不到位stamping-missing漏冲production capacity生产力education and training教育与训练proposal improvement提案改善spare parts=buffer备件forklift叉车trailer=long vehicle拖板车compound die合模die locker锁模器pressure plate=plate pinch压板bolt螺栓name of a department部门名称administration/general affairs dept总务部automatic screwdriver电动启子thickness gauge厚薄规gauge(or jig)治具power wire电源线buzzle蜂鸣器defective product label不良标签identifying sheet list标示单screwdriver holder起子插座pedal踩踏板stopper阻挡器flow board流水板hydraulic handjack油压板车forklift叉车pallet栈板glove(s)手套glove(s) with exposed fingers割手套thumb大拇指forefinger食指midfinger中指ring finger无名指little finger小指band-aid创可贴iudustrial alcohol工业酒精alcohol container沾湿台head of screwdriver起子头sweeper扫把mop拖把vaccum cleaner吸尘器rag 抹布garbage container灰箕garbage can垃圾箱garbage bag垃圾袋chain链条jack升降机production line流水线chain链条槽magnetizer加磁器lamp holder灯架to mop the floor拖地to clean the floor扫地to clean a table擦桌子air pipe 气管packaging tool打包机packaging打包missing part漏件wrong part错件excessive defects过多的缺陷critical defect极严重缺陷major defect主要缺陷minor defect次要缺陷not up to standard不合规格dimension/size is a little bigger尺寸偏大(小) cosmetic defect外观不良slipped screwhead/slippery screw head螺丝滑头slipped screwhead/shippery screw thread滑手speckle斑点mildewed=moldy=mouldy发霉rust生锈deformation变形burr(金属)flash(塑件)毛边poor staking铆合不良excesssive gap间隙过大grease/oil stains油污inclusion杂质painting peel off脏污shrinking/shrinkage缩水mixed color杂色scratch划伤poor processing 制程不良poor incoming part事件不良fold of pakaging belt打包带折皱painting make-up补漆discoloration羿色water spots水渍polishing/surface processing表面处理exposed metal/bare metal金属裸露lack of painting烤漆不到位safety安全quality品质delivery deadline交货期cost成本engineering工程die repair模修enterprise plan = enterprise expansion projects企划QC品管die worker模工production, to produce生产equipment设备to start a press开机stop/switch off a press关机classification整理regulation整顿cleanness清扫conservation清洁culture教养qualified products, up-to-grade products良品defective products, not up-to-grade products不良品waste废料board看板feeder送料机sliding rack滑料架defective product box不良品箱die change 换模to fix a die装模to take apart a die拆模to repair a die修模packing material包材basket蝴蝶竺plastic basket胶筐isolating plate baffle plate; barricade隔板carton box纸箱to pull and stretch拉深to put material in place, to cut material, to input落料to impose lines压线to compress, compressing压缩character die字模to feed, feeding送料transportation运输(be)qualfied, up to grade合格not up to grade, not qualified不合格material change, stock change材料变更feature change 特性变更evaluation评估prepare for, make preparations for 准备parameters参数rotating speed, revolution转速manufacture management制造管理abnormal handling异常处理production unit生产单位lots of production生产批量steel plate钢板roll material卷料manufacture procedure制程operation procedure作业流程to revise, modify修订to switch over to, switch---to throw--over switching over切换engineering, project difficulty工程瓶颈stage die工程模automation自动化to stake, staking, reviting铆合add lubricating oil加润滑油shut die架模shut height of a die架模高度analog-mode device类模器die lifter举模器argon welding氩焊vocabulary for stamping冲压常词汇stamping, press冲压punch press, dieing out press冲床uncoiler & strainghtener整平机feeder送料机rack, shelf, stack料架cylinder油缸robot机械手taker取料机conveyer belt输送带transmission rack输送架top stop上死点bottom stop下死点one stroke一行程inch寸动to continue, cont.连动to grip(material)吸料location lump, locating piece, block stop 定位块reset复位smoothly顺利dent压痕scratch刮伤deformation变形filings铁削to draw holes抽孔inquiry, search for查寻to stock, storage, in stock库存receive领取approval examine and verify审核processing, to process加工delivery, to deliver 交货to return delivenry to.to send delinery backto retrn of goods退货registration登记registration card登记卡to control管制to put forward and hand in提报safe stock安全库存acceptance = receive验收to notice通知application form for purchase请购单consume, consumption消耗to fill in填写abrasion磨损reverse angle = chamfer倒角character die字模to collect, to gather收集failure, trouble故障statistics统计demand and supply需求career card履历卡to take apart a die卸下模具to load a die装上模具to tight a bolt拧紧螺栓to looser a bolt拧松螺栓to move away a die plate移走模板easily damaged parts易损件standard parts标准件breaking.(be)broken,(be)cracked 断裂to lubricate润滑common vocabulary for die engineering 金属切削metal cutting机床machine tool金属工艺学technology of metals刀具cutter电路circuit半导体元件semiconductor element反馈feedback发生器generator直流电源DC electrical source门电路gate circuit逻辑代数logic algebra逻辑电路logic circuit触发器flip-flop脉冲波形pulse shape数模digital analogy液压传动机构fluid drive mechanism 机械零件mechanical parts摩擦friction联结link传动drive/transmission轴shaft弹性elasticity频率特性frequency characteristic误差error响应response定位allocation机床夹具jig动力学dynamic运动学kinematic静力学static分析力学analyse mechanics拉伸pulling压缩hitting剪切shear扭转twist弯曲应力bending stress强度intensity三相交流电three-phase AC磁路magnetic circles变压器transformer异步电动机asynchronous motor几何形状geometrical精度precision正弦形的sinusoid交流电路AC circuit机械加工余量machining allowance 变形力deforming force变形deformation应力stress硬度rigidity热处理heat treatment退火anneal正火normalizing脱碳decarburization渗碳carburization淬火冷却quench淬火hardening回火tempering调质hardening and tempering 磨粒abrasive grain结合剂bonding agent砂轮grinding wheel外圆磨削external grinding内圆磨削internal grinding平面磨削plane grinding变速箱gearbox离合器clutch绞孔fraising绞刀reamer螺纹加工thread processing螺钉screw铣削mill铣刀milling cutter功率power工件workpiece齿轮加工gear mechining齿轮gear主运动main movement主运动方向direction of main movement进给方向direction of feed进给运动feed movement合成进给运动resultant movement of feed合成切削运动resultant movement of cutting合成切削运动方向direction of resultant movement of cutting 切削深度cutting depth前刀面rake face刀尖nose of tool前角rake angle后角clearance angle龙门刨削planing主轴spindle主轴箱headstock卡盘chuck加工中心machining center车刀lathe tool车床lathe钻削镗削bore车削turning磨床grinder基准benchmark钳工locksmith锻forge压模stamping焊weld拉床broaching machine拉孔broaching装配assembling铸造found流体动力学fluid dynamics流体力学fluid mechanics加工machining液压hydraulic pressure切线tangent机电一体化mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration 气压air pressure pneumatic pressure稳定性stability介质medium液压驱动泵fluid clutch液压泵hydraulic pump阀门valve失效invalidation强度intensity载荷load应力stress安全系数safty factor可靠性reliability螺纹thread螺旋helix键spline销pin滚动轴承rolling bearing滑动轴承sliding bearing弹簧spring制动器arrester brake十字结联轴节crosshead联轴器coupling链chain皮带strap精加工finish machining粗加工rough machining变速箱体gearbox casing腐蚀rust氧化oxidation磨损wear耐用度durability随机信号random signal离散信号discrete signal超声传感器ultrasonic sensor 集成电路integrate circuit挡板orifice plate。

加热炉 heating furnace, reheating furnace火焰炉 flame furnace环形炉 circular rotating furnace退火炉 annealing furnace, annealer真空退火炉 vacuum annealing furnace连续酸洗机组 pickle line processor带钢不间断地通过几个酸性槽进行酸性。

轧辊 roll挤压辊 extrusion roll辊道 roll table延伸辊道 extension roller table芯棒 mandrel卫板 guard导板 guide带卷箱 coil box活套 loop组织性能与测试穿晶断裂 transgranular fracture穿过多晶体材料的晶体内部发生的断裂晶间断裂 intergranular fracture：沿着晶粒界间发生的断裂解理断裂 cleavage fracture：沿着给定的晶面—解理面发生的断裂（是穿晶断裂的方式之一）。

剪切断裂 shear fracture：沿着最大剪应力的作用面发生的断裂。

疲劳断裂 fatigue fracture：在低于材料的屈服强度的反复或交变应力作用下发生的断裂。

延迟断裂 delayed fracture：金属遭受本不足以直接引起断裂的静应力但经过一段时间却发生了断裂。

断口 fracture surface：金属件的断裂面或破裂面。

断口形貌学 fractography杯锥断口 cup cone fracture：圆柱形拉伸试件于延性断裂（韧性断裂）后，一侧的断口呈杯状，另一侧的断口呈锥状，两者合称杯锥断口。

丝状断口 silky fracture：表面光滑、有丝绸光泽的极细晶粒断口。

纤维状断口 fibrous fracture：金属或合金的延性足够大，在断裂前晶粒被拉长了从而总体看上去象许多纤维的断口。

层状断口 lamination fracture：所含非金属夹杂物在轧制过程中被延展成薄层的金属材料垂直于轧制面的断口。

不锈钢的常见种类型号及性能不锈钢（stainless steel）是一种合金材料，由铁、碳、铬和其他合金元素组成。

它具有良好的耐蚀性、耐热性和机械性能，被广泛用于建筑、机械制造、厨具等领域。

不锈钢根据其化学成分、组织结构和性能可以分为多个种类和型号。

以下将介绍一些常见的不锈钢种类、型号及其性能特点。

1. 铁素体不锈钢（Austenitic Stainless Steel）铁素体不锈钢是最常见的不锈钢之一，具有良好的耐腐蚀性和可焊性。

它主要由铬（Cr）和镍（Ni）组成，含有较低的碳含量。

常见的型号有304（0Cr18Ni9）、316（0Cr17Ni12Mo2），它们广泛应用于食品加工、化工、医疗设备等领域。

铁素体不锈钢具有较高的强度、良好的塑性和耐高温性能。

2. 铁素体—马氏体不锈钢（Ferrite-Martensite Stainless Steel）铁素体—马氏体不锈钢是一种强度较高的不锈钢。

它由铁素体和马氏体两相组成，具有较好的耐腐蚀性能和良好的可塑性。

常见的型号有409（0Cr11Ti）、410（1Cr13）等，主要用于汽车消声器、锅炉等高温环境下的应用。

3. 铁素体—奥氏体不锈钢（Ferrite-Austenite Stainless Steel）4. 铁素体—马氏体—奥氏体不锈钢（Ferrite-Martensite-Austenite Stainless Steel）铁素体—马氏体—奥氏体不锈钢是一种具有良好强度和耐腐蚀性的不锈钢。

它由铁素体、马氏体和奥氏体三相组成，常见的型号有630（17-4PH）等。

这种不锈钢具有高强度、良好的耐腐蚀性和耐高温性能，广泛应用于航空航天、核工业等领域。

除了上述常见的不锈钢种类，还有许多其他不锈钢，如马氏体不锈钢、双相不锈钢等。

每种不锈钢都具有不同的化学成分、组织结构和性能特点，可以根据具体应用需求选择合适的材料。

不锈钢具有优良的性能和可塑性，因此在各个领域有着广泛的应用前景。

铬镍奥氏体不锈钢焊缝铁素体测试程序Ferrite Testing Procedure目录1适用范围Service scope (3)2引用标准Reference (3)3一般要求General requirements (3)4试验准备Treating preparation (4)5试验Testing (4)6数据分析Data analyzing (6)7记录Record (6)1适用范围Service scope1.1本程序适于xx罐区工程的铬镍奥氏体不锈钢焊缝的测量。

This procedure is applicable for the measurement of ferrite composition in Cr-Ni austenite stainless steel welding of xx tank area project.1.2测试范围：对于同一种规格的管口焊缝和同一种规格板厚对接焊缝，在其焊缝上测3点。

Testing scope: pipe joints with the same specification of base material and the same thickness of plate joints shall take 3 test points on the welding seam.2引用标准ReferenceGB1954-80《铬镍奥氏体不锈钢焊缝铁素体含量测量方法》GB1954-80《Measuring Method for Ferrite Composition in Cr-Ni Austenite Stainless Steel Welding》PMC焊接和NDE一览表167Welding & NDE Matrix-Form167 of PMC3一般要求General requirements3.1设备要求Requirements for testing equipments3.2试样要求Requirements for testing piece.试样的试验面应清洁，不得有氧化皮及其他污物。

冶金专业词汇中英文对照表(一) iron and steel industry 钢铁工业ironworks 铁厂foundry 铸造车间steelworks, steel mill 钢厂coking plant 炼焦厂electrometallurgy 电冶金学powder metallurgy 粉末冶金学blast furnace 鼓风炉mouth, throat 炉口hopper, chute 料斗stack 炉身belly 炉腰bosh 炉腹crucible 炉缸slag tap 放渣口taphole 出铁口，出渣口pig bed 铸床mould 铸模（美作：mold）tuyere, nozzle 水口ingot mould 锭模（美作：ingot mold）floor 平台hearth 炉底charger 装料机ladle 铁水包，钢水包dust catcher 除尘器washer 洗涤塔converter 转炉hoist 卷扬机compressor 压缩机tilting mixer 可倾式混铁炉regenerator 蓄热室heat exchanger 热交换器gas purifier 煤气净化器turbocompressor 涡轮压缩机burner 烧嘴cupola 化铁炉，冲天炉emptier 排空装置trough 铁水沟，排渣沟skip 料车rolling mill 轧机，轧钢机blooming mill 初轧机roller 辊+bed 底座rolling-mill housing 轧机机架drawbench 拔管机，拉丝机drawplate 拉模板shaft furnace 竖炉refining furnace 精炼炉reverberatory furnace 反射炉hearth furnace 床式反射炉firebrick lining 耐火砖衬retort 反应罐muffle 马弗炉roof, arch 炉顶forge 锻造press 压锻pile hammer 打桩锤drop hammer 落锤die 拉模blowlamp 吹炬（美作：blowtorch）crusher 破碎机iron ore 铁矿石coke 焦炭bauxite 铁钒土alumina 铝cryolite 冰晶石flux 熔剂limestone flux 石灰石溶剂haematite 赤铁矿（美作：hematite）gangue 脉石cast iron 铸铁cast iron ingot 铸铁锭slag 炉渣soft iron 软铁pig iron 生铁wrought iron 熟铁iron ingot 铁锭puddled iron 搅炼熟铁round iron 圆铁scrap iron 废铁steel 钢crude steel 粗钢mild steel, soft steel 软钢，低碳钢hard steel 硬钢cast steel 坩埚钢，铸钢stainless steel 不锈钢electric steel 电工钢，电炉钢high-speed steel 高速钢moulded steel 铸钢refractory steel 热强钢，耐热钢alloy steel 合金钢plate, sheet 薄板corrugated iron 瓦垅薄钢板tinplate, tin 马口铁finished product 成品，产品semifinished product 半成品，中间产品ferrous products 铁制品coiled sheet 带状薄板bloom 初轧方坯metal strip, metal band 铁带，钢带billet 坯锭，钢坯shavings 剃边profiled bar 型钢shape, section 型钢angle iron 角钢frit 烧结wire 线材ferronickel 镍铁elinvar 镍铬恒弹性钢ferrite 铁氧体，铁醇盐cementite 渗碳体，碳化铁pearlite 珠光体charging, loading 装料，炉料fusion, melting, smelting 熔炼remelting 再熔化，重熔refining 精炼casting 出铁to cast 出铁tapping 出渣，出钢，出铁to insufflate, to inject 注入heating 加热preheating 预热tempering 回火temper 回火hardening 淬水annealing 退火reduction 还原cooling 冷却decarbonization, decarburization 脱碳coking 炼焦slagging, scorification 造渣carburization 渗碳case hardening 表面硬化cementation 渗碳fritting, sintering 烧结puddling 搅炼pulverization 粉化，雾化nitriding 渗氮alloy 合金floatation, flotation 浮选patternmaking 制模moulding 成型（美作：molding）calcination 煅烧amalgamation 汞齐化rolling 轧制drawing 拉拔extrusion 挤压wiredrawing 拉丝stamping, pressing 冲压die casting 拉模铸造forging 锻造turning 车削milling 铣削machining, tooling 加工autogenous welding, fusion welding 氧炔焊arc welding 电弧焊electrolysis 电解trimming 清理焊缝blowhole 气孔tuyere, nozzle 风口ingot mould 锭模（美作：ingot mold）hearth 炉底charger 装料机ladle 铁水包，钢水包dust catcher 除尘器washer 洗涤塔converter 转炉hoist 卷扬机compressor 压缩机tilting mixer 可倾式混铁炉regenerator 蓄热室heat exchanger 热交换器gas purifier 煤气净化器turbocompressor 涡轮压缩机burner 烧嘴cupola 化铁炉，冲天炉emptier 排空装置trough 铁水沟，排渣沟skip 料车rolling mill 轧机，轧钢机blooming mill 初轧机roller 辊+rolling-mill housing 轧机机架drawbench 拔管机，拉丝机drawplate 拉模板shaft furnace 竖炉refining furnace 精炼炉reverberatory furnace 反射炉hearth furnace 床式反射炉firebrick lining 耐火砖衬retort 反应罐muffle 马弗炉roof, arch 炉顶forge 锻造press 压锻pile hammer 打桩锤drop hammer 落锤die 拉模blowlamp 吹炬（美作：blowtorch）crusher 破碎机iron ore 铁矿石coke 焦炭bauxite 铁钒土alumina 铝cryolite 冰晶石flux 熔剂limestone flux 石灰石溶剂haematite 赤铁矿（美作：hematite）gangue 脉石cast iron 铸铁cast iron ingot 铸铁锭slag 炉渣soft iron 软铁pig iron 生铁wrought iron 熟铁1. indication 缺陷2. test specimen 试样3. bar 棒材4. stock 原料5. billet 方钢，钢方坯6. bloom 钢坯,钢锭7. section 型材8. steel ingot 钢锭9. blank 坯料，半成品10. cast steel 铸钢11. nodular cast iron 球墨铸铁12. ductile cast iron 球墨铸铁13. bronze 青铜14. brass 黄铜15. copper 合金16. stainless steel不锈钢17. decarburization 脱碳18. scale 氧化皮19. anneal 退火20. process anneal 进行退火21. quenching 淬火22. normalizing 正火23. Charpy impact text 夏比冲击试验24. fatigue 疲劳25. tensile testing 拉伸试验26. solution 固溶处理27. aging 时效处理28. Vickers hardness维氏硬度29. Rockwell hardness 洛氏硬度30. Brinell hardness 布氏硬度31. hardness tester硬度计32. descale 除污，除氧化皮等33. ferrite 铁素体34. austenite 奥氏体35. martensite马氏体36. cementite 渗碳体37. iron carbide 渗碳体38. solid solution 固溶体39. sorbite 索氏体40. bainite 贝氏体41. pearlite 珠光体42. nodular fine pearlite/ troostite屈氏体43. black oxide coating 发黑44. grain 晶粒45. chromium 铬46. cadmium 镉47. tungsten 钨48. molybdenum 钼49. manganese 锰50. vanadium 钒冶金基础知识及术语1 、烧结sintering粉末或压坯在低于主要组分熔点的温度下的热处理，目的在于通过颗粒间的冶金结合以提高其强度。

A .尺寸，形状缺陷铸造缺陷casting defects尺寸超差impropershrinkage allowance尺寸不合格wrong size模样错误excess rappingof pattern, deformed pattern, pattern error 壁厚不均differentthickness铸型下垂mold sag错型mold shift,shift, miss-match, cross-joint舂移ram off, ramaway塌型mold drop,drop off, drop out, drop sticker上型下沉，沉芯sag( 上型和型芯下垂导致壁厚减小）飞翅fins, joint flash翘曲warp age,buckling, warping, camber铸件变形warped casting挤箱push up,cramp-off型裂broken mold,cracked掉砂crush ofmold, crush变形deformation,casting distortion, warped castingB.缩孔（由凝固收缩引起)缩孔shrinkage,shrinkaged cavity内部缩孔internalshrinkage, dispersed shrinkage, blind shrinkage敞露缩孔open shrinkage,external shrinkages, sink marks, depression缩松porosity, shrinkage porosity,leakers, micro shrinkage, disperded shrinkage缩陷sink marks,draw, suck-in芯面缩孔core shrinkage内角缩孔cornershrinkage, fillet shrinkage出汗孔extruded bead,exudation线状缩孔fissure likeshrinkageC.气体缺陷（由气体引起的孔）气孔blowholes,gas hole, blow针孔pinholes裂纹状缺陷，线状缺陷fissure defectsD.裂纹裂纹crack缩裂shrinkage crack季裂seasoncracking, season crack应力热裂hot cracking,hot tearing, hot tear淬火裂纹quench crack,quenching crack应力冷裂cold cracking,breakage, cold tearing, cold tear 龟裂crack激冷层裂纹，白裂chill crackE.夹杂物夹渣slaginclusion, slag blowholes砂眼sandinclusion, raised sand, sand hole其他夹杂物the other inclusion胀砂push up,cramp-off, sand hole掉砂crush, crushof mold硬点hard spot浮渣dross ( 浇注后在铸型内形成的缺陷，尤其是石墨、氧化物和硫化物的线状缺陷的总称，另外，浇注过程中被卷进去的缺陷成为夹渣和砂眼，两者的区别是形成原因不同）石墨浮渣graphite dross,carbon dross氧化皮夹渣oxide dross, oxideinclusion, skins, seams硫化物熔渣sulfide dross沉淀物sludge夹渣物sand inclusion,oxide inclusion, skins, seams黑点，黑渣black spots,lustrous carbon涂料夹渣blacking,refractory coating inclusions光亮碳膜lustrous carbonfilms, kish tracksF.外观缺陷浇不足misrun, shortrun, cold lap, cold shut冷隔cold shut,cold laps轻度冷隔seam两重皮plate皱皮surface fold,gas run, elephant skin, seams, scare, flow marks 漏箱run-out,runout, break-out, bleeder漏芯mold drop,stiker未浇满short pours,short run, poured short气孔blowholes, blow飞翅fins，joint flash胀砂，气疱swell, blister芯撑未融合chaplet shut,insert cold shut, unfused chaplet热粘砂burn in热痕flow marks内渗豆，冷豆，冷隔internal sweating, coldshot, shot iron外渗物sweating磷化物渗豆phosphide sweat铅渗豆lead sweat锡渗豆tin sweat掉砂rat, sticker （型砂的一部分附着在模样上而形成的表面缺陷）G.型芯缺陷砂芯断裂crushed core,broken core砂芯压碎broken core芯面缩孔core blow砂芯缩孔core blow砂芯下垂sag core,deformed core砂芯弯曲deformed core漂芯shiftedcore, core raise, raised core, mold element cutout 偏芯core shiftH.表面缺陷沾砂burn on,sand burning, burn in , penetration粘型（金属型）fusion两重皮laminations ,plat机械粘砂penetration ,metal penetration夹渣结疤scabs ,expansion scabs , corner scab表面粗糙rough casting ,rough surface鼠尾buckle , rattail涂料结疤blacking scab ,wash scabs烘干不足sever surface ,wash scabs熟痕surfacedefect casting by combination of gas and shrinkage ( 在靠近厚断面处形成下陷的蛇状伤痕）涂料剥落wash erosion气疱blister ,surface or subsurface blow hole表面粗糙rough surface ,seems , scars起皮stripping剥落结疤pull down ,spalling scab伤痕crow’s feet麻面pittingsurface , orange peel , alligator skin热裂痕surface folds, gas runs泡疤表面surface folds ,gas runs象皮状皱皮surface fold , gasrun , elephant skin皱皮surface fold, gas run , seams , scare , flow marks 波纹wave冲砂wash冲蚀erosionI.组织缺陷（铸铁)球化不良poor nodularity, degenerated graphite蠕墨化不良degeneratedgraphite异常石墨abnormalgraphite开花状石墨exploded graphite过冷石墨under cooledgraphite , D-type graphite石墨细小颗粒chunky graphite石墨粗大kish graphite ,kish整列石墨aligned graphite石墨漂浮floated graphite石墨魏氏组织Widmannstattengraphite麻口mottled cast iron , mottle灰点mottle反麻口inverse mottle ( 与麻口相反，在薄断面处和尖角处形成的麻口）白口chill反白口reverse chill , inverse chill冷豆extruded bead , exudation ,internal sweating退火不足miss annealing , incomplete annealing粗大枝晶组织coarsened dendritic反偏析inverse segregation比重偏析gravity segregation溶质偏析solute segregation宏观偏析macroscopic segregation微观偏析microscopic segregationJ.断口缺陷表面铁素体ferrite rim表面珠光体pearlite rim白缘，脱碳pearlitic rim , picture frame , pearlitelayer不均匀断口heterogeneous fractured surface破碎激冷层scattered chill structure , cold flakes晶粒粗大rough grain尖钉状断口spiky fractured surface冰糖状断口rock candy fracture surfaceK.力学性能缺陷硬点hard spot ( 对铸件，硬点是硬区、白口或冷豆等力学性能缺陷的总称；对铝合金，硬点是铸件内各种高硬度相，如初晶Si相、金属间化合物、氧化物，偏析等总称）硬度不良poor hardness , too high or lowhardnessL.使用性能缺陷腐蚀性不良poor corrosion resistance切削性不良poor machinability麻点torn surface锌晶间腐蚀zinc intergranular corrosion电导率不良poor electrical conductivityM.其他缺陷残留飞翅residual fin残留黑皮residualblack skin浇道冒口断口缺肉broken casting at gate , riser or vent端部缺肉inside cut切口缺肉（压铸件）inside cut翘曲( 喷丸引起）camber, excessive cleaning铸件弯曲( 铸件变形）warped casting , casting distortion , deformed mold , mold creep打磨缺肉crow’s feet铸造管理缺陷裂纹crack压痕impression残留物型砂残留sand inclusions喷丸粒残留residual shot锌蒸汽向炉壁渗透zinc infiltration into refractory。

铁素体铁素体(ferrite，缩写：FN)即α-Fe和以它为基础的固溶体，具有体心立方点阵。

亚共析成分的奥氏体通过先共析析出形成铁素体。

这部分铁素体称为先共析铁素体或组织上自由的铁素体。

随形成条件不同，先共析铁素体具有不同形态，如等轴形、沿晶形、纺锤形、锯齿形和针状等。

铁素体还是珠光体组织的基体。

在碳钢和低合金钢的热轧（正火）和退火组织中，铁素体是主要组成相；铁素体的成分和组织对钢的工艺性能有重要影响，在某些场合下对钢的使用性能也有影响。

纯铁在912℃以下为具有体心立方晶格（注1）的α-Fe。

碳溶于α-Fe中的间隙固溶体称为铁素体，以符号F表示。

由于α-Fe是体心立方晶格结构，它的晶格间隙很小，因而溶碳能力极差，在727℃时溶碳量最大，可达0.0218％,随着温度的下降溶碳量逐渐减小，在600％时溶碳量约为0.0057％，在室温时溶碳量几乎等于零。

因此其性能几乎和纯铁相同，其数值如下：抗拉强度180—280MN/平方米屈服强度100—170MN/平方米延伸率30--50％断面收缩率70--80％冲击韧性160—200J/平方厘米硬度HB 50—80由此可见，铁素体的强度、硬度不高，但具有良好的塑性与韧性。

铁素体的显微组织与纯铁相同，呈明亮的多边形晶粒组织，有时由于各晶粒位向不同，受腐蚀程度略有差异，因而稍显明暗不同。

铁素体在770℃以下具有铁磁性，在770℃以上则失去铁磁性。

（铁素体的居里点为770℃）注1：体心立方晶格的晶胞是一个立方体，在体心立方晶胞的每个角上和晶胞中心都排列一个原子。

可见，体心立方晶胞每个角上的原子为相邻的八个晶胞所共有，每个晶胞实际上只占有1/8个原子。

而中心的原子却为该晶胞所独有。

所以，体心立方晶胞中原子数为8*1/8+1=2个。

碳原子存在于四面、八面体间隙。

马氏体马氏体(martensite)是黑色金属材料的一种组织名称。

马氏体最初是在钢（中、高碳钢）中发现的：将钢加热到一定温度（形成奥氏体）后经迅速冷却（淬火），得到的能使钢变硬、增强的一种淬火组织。

保护渣专用词汇英中对照连铸(continuous casting)钢种(steel grade)浇铸断面(casting format)拉速(casting speed)润滑(lubrication)传热(heat transfer)菜籽油(rape seed oil)热流(heat flow)浸入式水口(SEN-submerged entry nozzle)坯壳(steel sheel)保护渣渣膜(slag film)粉煤灰(fly ash)石灰石(limestone)苏打灰(soda ash)萤石(fluorite)硅酸盐(silicate)矿物质(mineral)合成渣(synthetic powder)熔点(melt point)成分(composition)性能(performance)炭黑(carbon black)微合金钢(microalloy steel)不锈钢(stainless steel)渣耗(powder consumption)粘结漏钢(sticker breakout)表面质量(surface quality)摩擦力(friction force)黏度(viscosity)熔化速度(melting rate)凝固系数(solidification coefficient)薄板坯(thin slab )异型坯(beam blank近终形连铸(near net shape continuous casting)石墨(black lead)焦炭(coke)硅灰石（CaO·SiO2）碱度(basicity)粉渣(granulated powder)实心颗粒渣(sincere granuled powder)预熔型保护渣(prefused powder)低碳铝镇静钢(LCAK-low carbon Alumina killed steel)针孔(pinhole)高碳钢(high carbon steel)弯月面(meniscus)振痕(oscillation mark)熔化温度(melting temperature)相图（phase diagram）伪硅灰石(wollastonite,又名tabular spar) 磷(phosphorus)硫(sulfur)助熔剂(fluxing agent)结晶(crystallizing)枪晶石(Cuspidine)钙黄长石(Akermanite)离子(ion)CaO(calcium oxide)氧化物夹杂物（oxide inclusion）玻璃性（vitrecence）CaF２(fluorite)枪晶石（3CaO.2SiO2.CaF2）氟化物（fluoride）钙铝黄长石（2CaO.Al2O3.SiO2）Na2O(sodium oxide)霞石(Na2O.Al2O3.2SiO2)Al2O3(alumina)钙铝黄石（2CaO.Al2O3.SiO2）Li2O(lithia)BaO(baryta)TiO2(titanium)B2O3(boron)过热度（superheat）原子（atom）分子（molecule）MgO(magnesia)低碳钢（low carbon steel）MnO(manganese)结网氧化物（network forming oxides）Cr2O3(chrome)破网氧化物（network modifying oxides）K2O(kalium)SrO(strontium)过渡层（mushy layer）液渣层（liquid layer）烧结层（sintered layer）原渣层（powder layer）固态渣膜（solid slag film）液态渣膜（liquid slag film）绝热（thermal insulation）防止氧化（avoid oxidation）吸收夹杂物（absorb inclusions）搭桥（bridging）流渣通道（powder flow channel）氧（oxygen）氮（nitrogen）润湿角（soakage angle）非正弦振动（non-positive oscillation）波动（fluctuate）热阻（heat transfer resistance）气隙（air gap）黏度（η-viscosity）(basic slag)碱性渣硅灰石CaO·SiO2正硅酸钙2CaO·SiO2结晶（析晶）温度（T cry -crystallization temperature）差热分析法（DTA）T M最大结晶速率温度T∞结晶的终止温度凝固温度（T sol solidification temperature）转折温度（T b break temperature）析晶率（crystalline rate）玻璃化率（vitrification rate）表面张力（surface tension）界面张力（interfacial tension）氧化钠（Na2O）氟化钙（fluorite-CaF2）氧化铁（Fe2O3）氧化锰（MnO）氧化镁（MgO）氧化钛（TiO2）粒度(granularity)水分(moisture)滑石Mg3[Si4O10](OH)2白云母KAl2[AlSi3O10](OH)高岭石Al4[Si4O10](OH)8碳酸钠sodium carbonate(Na2CO3)碳酸钡barium carbonate(BaCO3)碳酸锂lithium carbonate(LiCO3)碳酸镁magnesium carbonate(MgCO3)结晶器壁（mold wall）芜酸(C21H14COOH)水平传热（horizontal heat transfer）晶格(lattice)电磁波(hertzian wave)辐射(radialization)光子(photon)传导(conduction)中碳钢（medium carbon steel）铁素体（ferrite）奥氏体（austenite）包晶钢（peritectic steel ）包晶反应（peritectic reaction）液态流股（metal flow）电磁制动（electromagnetic braking-EMBR）结晶层（crystalline flux layer）钙硅石(wollastonite)纵向传热（vertical heat transfer）超低碳钢（ULC-ultra low carbon steel）皮下缺陷(sunsurface defect)“驻波（standing wave）”氩气流速（argon flow rate）条片（sliver）缺陷刚玉(corundum)钙钛矿(Perovskite) ………………………………………………..水泥（cement）石英(quartz)冰晶石(cryolite-Na3AlF6)纯碱(alkali)碱土金属(alkaline earth)碳酸盐(carbonate)黏土(grume)生石灰(cacles)氢(hydrogen)烧损(cauterize)CO2(carbon dioxide)中碳铝镇静钢(MCAK-medium carbon aluminum killed steel) 糊精(dextrin)纸浆(paper pulp)糖浆(sirup)纤维素(fibrin)淀粉(amylum)浸入式水口侵蚀(SEN erosion)示差扫描量热法（DSC）-------------------------------------------------------------------- 方坯（billet）矩形坯(bloom)板坯(slab)薄板坯(thin slab)塞棒(stopper)滑动水口(slide gate)超低碳钢(ULC-ultra low carbon steel)低碳钢(LC-low carbon steel)包晶钢(peritectic steel)中碳钢(MC-meidum carbon steel)高碳钢(HC-high carbon steel))超高碳钢(super high carbon steel )氧化(oxidation)硅钢(silicon steel)Nb(niobium)V(vanadium)Ti(titanium)稀土(rare earth)铝(aluminium)断面形状(section shape)断面尺寸(section size)振动特性(oscillation charateristic)无间隙原子钢，IF-Interstitial-free泊---poise马氏体(martensite)硅灰石（CaO•SiO2）铬酸钙(CaCrO4)------------------------------------------------“黑”渣操作（black practice）结壳(skulling)快速更换中包(fly change tundish)渣圈（slag rim）渣绳（slag rope）“渣蛇（slag snake）“渣棒（slag bear）矿相结构（mineralogical constitution）粘附（conglutinate）剔除（eliminate）挑出Seek out搅动（agitate）结团（agglomertion）结壳（skulling）渣壳（showering）结鱼（crust）ZrO2（zicronia）水口堵塞(SEN clogging)临界消耗量（critical consumption ）冷却速度(cooling rate)振痕消耗（Q osc-consumption by the oscillation marks”润滑消耗(lubrication consumption)结晶器壁（mold wall）“锯齿形”温度波动（sawtooth shape temperature fluctuations）结晶器对中差（mold misalignment）时间-温度-转变曲线（TTT-time temperature transformation）结晶相（crystalline layer）玻璃相（glassy layer）剪切应力（shear stress）轴向应力（axial stress）渣膜断裂强度（slag fracture strength）临界润滑消耗量（critical lubricating consumption）Cs(cesium)137V AS（voestalpine stahl）流变性能(rheological property)流动性(flowability)熔化行为(meltdown behaviour)软化点(softening point)熔化温度(melting temperature)流动温度（flowing temperature)消耗量（CPC-casting powder consumption液渣层(LMSL-liquid mould slag layer)自由碳(free carbon)热流(heat flux)热电偶(thermocouple)温度变化系数-TVC(temperzture variation coefficient）坯壳粘结率-SSR(sheel sticker rate)微细夹杂(macro-inclusions)微合金钢种（micro-alloyed grades）热点(hot point)结晶器铜板(mold copper plate)-----------------------------------金相检查(metallographic examination)重熔(remelt)正滑动(positive strip)反向弯曲(bend back)振痕宽度(the pitch of oscillation mark-l)OM F—振频(oscillation frequency)；S＝振幅(oscillation stroke length)；％NS－负滑动率（precent negative strip）振痕深度(the depth of oscillation mark-d)OM变形（deformation）发热剂（exothermic agent）负滑脱时间（nagative strip time-t N）振痕紊乱（abbormity oscillation marks）C型缺陷（C-type defects）表面凸出（protruding surface）重皮层（double skin structure）表面纵裂纹（longitudinal cracking）鬼线裂纹（ghost crask）Ceq（carbon equivalence）铁素体势Fp（ferrite potential）结晶器锥度（mold taper）表面横裂纹（transverse cracking）硫化锰（MnS）氮化铝（AlN）星状（网状）裂纹（star and spongy cracking）铜（copper）热脆(hot short)晶界（crystalloid boundary）Ni（nickel）Cr（chromium）Co（cobalt）Mo（molybdenum）富集（enrichment）玷污（attaint）脆性（brittleness）树枝晶（dendrite）卷渣和吸气（slag and gas entrapment）超声波检验（UST）气泡（blister）扰动（disturb）；乳化渣滴（emulsified droplet）漩涡（vortex）氩气泡（argon bubbling）保护渣结壳（crust block）絮状渣团（showering）下环流（downward recirculation）结晶器窄边（mold narrow face）结晶器宽面（mold broad face）针孔（pinholes）皱折（pucker）铅笔形管状缺陷（pencile pipe defects）低屈服强度钢（low-yield strength steel），钛稳定超低碳铝镇静钢（TISULCAK钢条状缺陷（sliver）低碳铝镇静钢（LCAK）钛稳定超低碳钢（TISULC）水口插入深度（SEN immersion depth）凹陷（坑）（depressions and gutters）纵向凹陷（longitudinal depressions）偏离角纵向凹陷（offer corner longitudinal depressions）横向凹陷（transverse depressions）注中保护渣（operating powder）开浇渣（start-up powder）增碳（carbon pickup）Si3N4（silicon nitride）----------------------------------结晶器铜板(mold copper plate)热电偶(thermcouple)--------------------------------无氟保护渣(F-free mold flux)NaF(sodium fluoride)硼砂（borax）冰晶石（cryolite）锂辉石（lepidolite）氮化物(nitride)氧化物(oxide)彩色保护渣(Color-Coded Mold Flux)原料(raw materials)钙硅酸盐(Calcium Silicates)锂(Lithium)氟(Fluorine)钠(Sodium)硼(Boron)焦炭(coke)石墨(graphite)炭黑(carbon blacks)灯黑(ampblack)自由碳(free-carbon)玻璃碳层(carbon glassy layer)自动加渣(powder auto feed)。