非谓语动词翻译技巧
- 格式：ppt
- 大小：173.50 KB
- 文档页数：22
下载文档原格式
合集下载
非谓语动词作定语语法讲义
非谓语动词作定语语法讲义一．如何判断非谓语动词作的是定语：1.看横线所在的位置具体方法如下：如果横线放在了名词或名词+逗号之后，则作的是定语。
如：The meeting________ yesterday was very important.The university, ________ in 1902, has a history of a century.2.翻译：翻译时先把句子的主干部分找出来，然后看剩下的部分是不是放在了名词之后，并且能够放在名词之前加“的”翻译，如果是，则作的是定语。
如：The meeting________ yesterday was very important.The university, ________ in 1902, has a history of a century.二．作定语时的逻辑主语：作定语时，逻辑主语就是所修饰的名词。
如：The meeting held yesterday was very important.三．如何确定用什么样的非谓语动词作定语：1.和逻辑主语之间的主被动关系2. 时间关系：将要发生、正在发生、已经完成如：1）The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well ______.A. to spendB. spentC. being spentD. spending2）The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket__________ the desert.A. coveringB. coveredC. coverD. to cover3）— The last one __________________ pays the meal.— Agreed! (2007全国卷I)A. arrivedB. arrivesC. to arriveD. arriving 四．作定语的具体用法：1. 能作定语的不定式和分词有：to do, to be done, doing, being done, done （务必牢记）.注：having done 绝对不能作定语。
非谓语动词 (现在分词,过去分词)
3.. ________ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.（原因）
A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose
4. The research is so designed that once ________
2.The first textbooks ________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century（定语）
A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written
现在分词形式
时态/语态
主动语态
一般时
doing
完成时
Having done
完成进行时
Having been doing
过去分词形式: done
被动语态 Being done
Having been done 无
否定形式: 在非谓语动词前加 not
分词意义
doing: 与所修饰词构成主动关系/时态上表示 正在进行，状态
nothing can be
done to change it.（条件）
A. begins
B. having begu
C. beginning D. begun
宾补
作用: 修饰宾语表示宾语的状态或者动作；
1). 介词+宾语+宾补 to do 主动被动/将来
with+宾语 doing 主动/正在 done 被动/过去
改错
动词不定式&翻译1
Assignments:
from
与To make things worse类似的：
to be honest/frank to tell you the truth to cut the long story short so to speak believe it or not to begin with to be exact
1. As far as I know, it is convenient to do shopping in that small city. 2. It is time for us to play basketball
3. He managed to send the tourists to the airport in time. 4. Is it possible for you to attend my birthday party this evening?
不定式做宾语补
get sb. to do sth. hate sb. to do sth. intend sb. to do sth. invite sb. to do sth. leave sb. to do sth. like sb. to do sth. mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事 want sb. to do sth. warn sb. to do sth. wish sb. to do sth. trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事
判断下列不定式的句法动能:
1. To see is to believe . 2. My mission is to help patients. 3. It is very essential for us to do regular exercise. 4. He wrote a book on how to cook meals. 5. I can’t afford to quit the job. 6. I find it difficult to accomplish the task ahead of schedule. 宾语 7. She was the only woman to win the prize. 8. I persuade mum to support my decision. 9. To improve English, Jenney bought a lot of reference books.
非谓语动词翻译
非谓语动词翻译非谓语动词是英语中的一种特殊动词形式，可以充当动词、形容词或者副词，在句子中常用作主语、宾语、定语或状语等成分。
其常见的形式包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。
下面是一些常见的非谓语动词的翻译示例。
1. 动词不定式（Infinitive）动词不定式常以to开头，可以作为动词、名词、形容词或副词的补语。
翻译时要根据上下文和语境来理解其含义。
例句：- I like to play basketball.（我喜欢打篮球。
）- He needs to finish his homework.（他需要完成他的作业。
）- She wants to become a doctor.（她想要成为一名医生。
）2. 动名词（Gerund）动名词以ing形式结尾，可以作为名词、主语、宾语或介词的宾语等。
翻译时常用名词或动词的ing形式来表达。
例句：- Swimming is good for your health.（游泳对你的健康有益。
）- I enjoy reading books.（我喜欢读书。
）- He apologized for being late.（他为迟到而道歉。
）3. 分词（Participle）分词一般以-ed或-ing形式结尾，可作为形容词、副词或定语等。
翻译时要根据上下文和句子结构来决定使用哪种翻译方式。
例句：- The broken window needs to be repaired.（这个破窗户需要修理。
）- The running boy is my brother.（跑步的男孩是我弟弟。
）- She looked disappointed when she heard the news.（当她听到这个消息时，她看起来很失望。
）以上是一些常见的非谓语动词的翻译示例，需要根据句子的语境和语义来选择适当的翻译方式。
同时，使用非谓语动词时还需注意其在句子中的位置和作用，以确保句子结构和意思的准确表达。
高三英语一轮语法复习之非谓语动词写作指导讲义
非谓语动词写作指导第一局部：非谓语动词在剧中所做成分一、非谓语动词作状语George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him.乔治战后归来，却被告知他的妻子已经离他而去。
One evening Harry phoned me, asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible.一天晚上哈里给我打，要求我尽快去他家。
Seriously injured, he had to be taken to hospital immediately.因为受伤较重，他得被立即送往医院。
二、非谓语动词作宾语She pretended not to see me when I passed by.当我经过时，她假装没看见我。
I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，并记得在那里所看到的一切。
三、非谓语动词作宾补I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.我抬头看，注意到一条蛇正沿树蜿蜒而上，捕捉它的早餐。
I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.发现我的家乡变化如此之大我感到很惊奇。
I saw him go upstairs.我看到他上楼了。
四、非谓语动词作定语Laura was away in Paris fbr over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail waitingfor her.劳拉去巴黎待了一周多的时间。
考研英语翻译7大技巧
考研英语翻译7大技巧考研英语翻译7大技巧一、增译主语由于表达习惯不同，英文中常有省略主语的现象，在翻译成汉语时要把它们译出来。
情况一般有以下几种：以抽象名词作主语，而中文的表达习惯则需要把抽象变为具体;英文中常常会为了避免重复而多用介词，中文则不怕重复，一个词会用上好几遍;英语中的复数名词译为汉语时，常常加入这些、各种、种种等，要视具体语境情况而定。
He did not give us satisfied answer; this made us angry.他并没有给出我们满意的答复，这种态度使得我们非常生气。
There are solutions proposed to solve the public problem.针对这一公共问题，大家提出了种种解决方案。
二、增译谓语同理，需要增译谓语的情况也时有出现。
英语中出现两个或多个相同谓语时，常常会省略，以使句子不那么赘余，而中文中则要译出来，使其表达更加地道。
英文中的介词短语译为中文时往往要增译动词，而有些英语中的名词在译为中文时也要加入相应的动词，使其意义更加完整，表达更加明确。
We went to Xiamen this week, Shenzhen next week.我们这周去厦门，下周去深圳。
After the party, he has got a very important speech.参加完聚会后，他还要发表一个重要讲话。
三、时间状语的翻译1、时间状语常常可以直接翻译，一般译到主句前。
He came in while I was watching TV.我在吃饭的时候他进来了。
They burst into tears suddenly when they heard the sad news.他们听到这个悲惨的消息之后突然大哭起来。
2、有的时间状语从句引导词除了表示时间以外，还会附带条件性，所以在翻译的时候要译出条件关系。
非谓语动词的用法讲解
I decided not to stay.
6.学生们认为玩电脑游戏很有趣。
Students thought______________________. it interesting to play think computer games. 形式宾语 consider it + adj.+ to do find make feel
如何解决这个问题很重要。 (主语)
How to solve the problem is very important.
我的问题是什么时候开始。 (表语)
My question is when to start.
•关于省略
(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要 省略该动词. e.g.: Would you like to go with me ? Yes,______. A. I’d like to B.I’d like to go (2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省. e.g.: Would you like to be a teacher? Yes, _______. A.I’d like to be. B. I’d like to.
非谓语动词
语法讲解
非谓语动词的类型:
Infinitive 不定式
Gerund 动名词 Participle 分词
Infinitive:
Structure : to do
Negative (否定): not to do Passive voice: to be done
(1). 主语 Subject
不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时,如 果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么 介词后的不定式不带to, 相反则带to.
6.学生们认为玩电脑游戏很有趣。
Students thought______________________. it interesting to play think computer games. 形式宾语 consider it + adj.+ to do find make feel
如何解决这个问题很重要。 (主语)
How to solve the problem is very important.
我的问题是什么时候开始。 (表语)
My question is when to start.
•关于省略
(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要 省略该动词. e.g.: Would you like to go with me ? Yes,______. A. I’d like to B.I’d like to go (2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省. e.g.: Would you like to be a teacher? Yes, _______. A.I’d like to be. B. I’d like to.
非谓语动词
语法讲解
非谓语动词的类型:
Infinitive 不定式
Gerund 动名词 Participle 分词
Infinitive:
Structure : to do
Negative (否定): not to do Passive voice: to be done
(1). 主语 Subject
不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时,如 果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么 介词后的不定式不带to, 相反则带to.
2023高考英语复习用非谓语动词翻译下列句子
2023高考英语复习用非谓语动词翻译下列句子(A)1、我钱不够，不能买这房子。
Being short of money/Not having enough money, I can't buy the house.2、我比你强，我会跑得比你快。
Being stronger than you, I can run faster than you.3、发现屋里没人，他便留了一张纸条。
Finding no one in the room, he left a note.4、经理设法用蹩脚的英语让别人明白了他的意思。
The manager managed to make himself understood with his broken English.5、你觉得不舒服就别去游泳了。
Not feeling well, you'd better not go to swim.6、吃太多的肉，你会变胖的。
Having too much meat, you'll get fatter.7、我们这儿禁止抽烟。
谁让你抽烟来着？We forbid smoking here. Who has permitted you to smoke here?8、看见我穿得破烂，那售货员拿出最便宜的衣服给我。
Seeing me dressed in rags, the assistant showed me the cheapest suit.9、浇太多的水花会死的。
Watered too much, the flower will die.10、我昨天挨雨淋了，感冒了。
Caught in the rain, I got a bad cold now.11、他们说说笑笑地向我们走来。
They went to us, talking and laughing.12、身在异国他乡，一个人会很快改变旧习惯。
Being in a foreign country, one may soon change his old habits.13、在那跳舞的那个女孩也很会唱歌。
非谓语动词翻译方法技巧
2. 在下列动词或动词短语后常用动名词做宾语： admit, advise, allow, avoid, bear, cannot help, consider, delay, enjoy, finish, give up, imagine. include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, permit, practice, resist, risk, suggest, stand, insist on, be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t stand, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from), keep…from, stop…(from), protect…from, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, admit to, be/ get/ become used to, be equal to, devote…to, get down to, look forward to, object to, stick to, take to, see to, lead to, pay attention to等。
The boss found his plan carried out successfully. The boy was found lost in the forest. Have you heard this song sung in Japanese? (宾补) This song is often heard sung everywhere in China. (主补)
● 不定式表结果，常用在too… to, enough… to结构中。 有时不定式前加上only，表示出人意料的结果。 e.g. The child is old enough to dress himself. We hurried to the station only to be told that the train had left. The husband left his wife, never to return. ● 有些不定式是用来表示说话者的观点或态度的，放在 句子之外，修饰整个句子，我们称之为评论性状语。 e.g. I have never seen such a person, to tell you the truth. To cut a long story short, we disagree. 长话短说，我们不同意。
2020年考研英语：合并简单句为非谓语动词作状语
2020年考研英语：合并简单句为非谓语动词作状语一、二合一情况两个句子如果主语相同，能够选择其中一个句子作主句，然后省略另一句的主语并把谓语改为非谓语动词形式悬挂于主句之前或之后。
【例句】Journalists hear that Stefanie Sun will come to Beijing.记者们听说孙燕姿要去北京。
They set out to obtain the news.他们出发去搜集新闻。
合并：Hearing that Stefanie Sun will come to Beijing ,journalists set out to obtain the news.或者：Hearing the news that Stefanie Sun will come to Beijing , journalists set out to obtain it.【注意】要选择表示作者主要意图的句子作为主句。
二、多合一情况多个句子合并，选择其中有相同主语的句子合并。
全句保留一个主语和一个谓语，其他的动词都变成非谓语动词的形式悬挂于主句之前或之后。
【例句】我撅着嘴，翘着二郎腿，一边抽烟一边喝水。
I smoke a cigarette.I drink water.I break off my mouth.I tilted my legs.合并：Having broken off my mouth and lited my legs , I smoke a cigarette , drinking a glass of water.【真题写作练习】2020年考研真题大作文--积极的人生态度碎片描述：1）The drink spills out.2）One person falls into despair.3）All screwed up.4）The other person hurries to lift up the bottle .5）The other person smiles.6）The other person feels so lucky still to have something left in the bottle.逻辑整合：Having seen the drink spills out , one person falls into despair , sighing " all screwed up ", while the other person hurries to lift up the bottle , smiling as he feels so lucky still to have something left in the bottle.三、非谓语动词结构的翻译技巧在非谓语动词结构的翻译技巧中，一是要找出非谓语结构的逻辑主语（一般为主句的主语），二是判断主被动关系：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动还是被动的关系。
非谓语动词的翻译技巧练习
非谓语动词的翻译技巧练习非谓语动词是指在句子中充当动词的形式，但不表示动作或状态的一类动词。
在翻译非谓语动词时，我们需要注意一些技巧，以确保翻译的准确性和流畅性。
以下是一些翻译非谓语动词的技巧练：1. 分词短语的翻译：分词短语包括现在分词和过去分词。
现在分词通常以-ing结尾，过去分词通常以-ed结尾。
在翻译这些分词时，要根据上下文和时态来确定其准确含义。
通常可以将现在分词翻译为“正在进行”的形式，将过去分词翻译为“已经完成”的形式。
2. 不定式的翻译：不定式是由to + 动词原形构成的形式。
翻译不定式时，要根据句子的语法和意义来确定其准确翻译。
有时可以将不定式翻译为相应的汉语动词形式，有时也可以根据句子的上下文来翻译。
3. 动名词的翻译：动名词是由动词 + -ing构成的名词形式。
翻译动名词时，要根据其在句子中的作用和上下文来确定其准确翻译。
动名词可以翻译为相应的汉语动词形式，也可以翻译为名词或动名词结构，具体根据语境而定。
4. 独立结构的翻译：独立结构是指非谓语动词独立存在于句子中的情况，不与其他动词构成谓语关系。
翻译独立结构时，要根据其在句子中的作用和语境来确定其准确翻译。
常见的独立结构包括动词不定式短语、分词短语和动名词短语等。
5. 考虑上下文和语用：在翻译非谓语动词时，要考虑句子的上下文和语用，以确保翻译的准确性和流畅性。
翻译非谓语动词时，不仅要看其字面意思，还要考虑其在句子中的功能和作用。
通过针对以上技巧进行练习，我们可以提高翻译非谓语动词的准确性和流畅性。
在实际翻译中，我们应根据句子的语法和语境来确定准确的翻译方法，以确保表达的完整和清晰。
非谓语动词做补语方法
非谓语动词做补语方法一、介绍非谓语动词是指不具备谓语功能的动词形式，常常用来作为动词的补语。
本文将详细介绍非谓语动词作为补语的常见方法及其使用技巧。
二、动名词做补语动名词作为补语常常表示动作的目的、原因或结果等。
它通常出现在及物动词、名词、形容词等后面，使用时需要注意以下几点：1. 作目的状语例句：I went to the store to buy some groceries.翻译：我去商店买些杂货。
2. 作原因状语例句：He was late for the meeting due to heavy traffic.翻译：由于交通拥堵，他迟到了会议。
3. 作结果状语例句：She was so excited to hear the good news.翻译：听到这个好消息，她很兴奋。
三、不定式做补语不定式作为补语通常表示动作的目的、结果或方式等。
它通常出现在及物动词、名词、形容词等后面，并且可以根据句子结构的需要进行适当的变化。
1. 作目的状语例句：He stayed up all night to finish the report.翻译：为了完成报告，他整夜未眠。
2. 作结果状语例句：She worked hard to pass the exam.翻译：她努力学习以通过考试。
3. 作方式状语例句：The news shocked him to the extent that he couldn't speak.翻译：这个消息使他震惊得说不出话来。
四、现在分词做补语现在分词作为补语通常表示动作的主动、主观性和同时性。
它通常出现在及物动词、名词、形容词等后面，并且需要注意时态和人称的一致。
1. 作主动补语例句：I saw him standing at the bus stop.翻译：我看到他站在公交车站。
2. 作主观补语例句：She went to bed, feeling tired after a long day.翻译：经历了漫长的一天，她感到疲倦，上床睡觉了。
英译汉 非谓语动词的译法
英译汉非谓语动词的译法英语中非谓语动词包括分词、不定式和动名词。
动名词与名词具有类似的功能,在翻译时可以参考名词性从句或抽象名词的译法, 下面, 我们主要通过一些实例说明动词不定式和分词的翻译方法。
例1.Americans do not like to be called materialistic because they feel that this unfairly accuses them of loving only material things and of having no religious values.美国人不喜欢被称为物质主义者, 因为他们认为指控他们只重物质利益, 没有宗教价值观是不公正的。
(不定式作宾语）例2.The writer's purpose may be simply to inform, or to make readers aware of similarities or differences that interesting and significant in themselves.作者的目的或许只是想告诉读者或者让读者意识到(存在于比较对象之间的)很有趣、值得注意的相似和不同之处。
(不定式作表语）例3.The aim of science is to describe the world in orderly language, in such a way that we can, if possible, foresee the results of those alternative courses of action between which we are always choosing.科学的目的在于用规律的语言来描述世界。
这样, 如果可能的话, 我们就能预见到可供选择的两个行动方案的结果。
我们经常遇到这种选择。
(不定式作表语）例4.It is the business of the scientist to accumulate knowledge about the universe and all that is in it, and to find, if he is able, common factors which underlie and account for the facts that he knows.科学家要做的事就是积累有关宇宙和宇宙中的一切事物的知识, 而且要是可能的话, 找出那些既能构成科学家所知事实的基础, 又能解释这些事实的共同因素。
非谓语动词的翻译
（2）只能接动名词作宾语的动词，一般有：avoid, miss, postpone, suggest, finish, practice, enjoy, imagine, can’t help, admit, deny, envy, escape, risk, forgive, stand, keep, mind, appreciate, consider, delay, detest, resist, understand, feel like, etc.
7)can’t help (to) do 表示不能帮助做某事；can’t help doing表示不禁做某事。
8)allow, permit, advise, forbid, consider + doing 或+ sb. to do
9)need, require, want + doing 或+ to be done 表示需要被做某种处理
as to…, so/such… as to… 例1：The doctor held a consultation to decide
whether an operation was necessary. 译文：医生们会诊以决定是否需要动手术。 例2：I come here only to say good-bye to my
1.2非谓语动词作宾语
（1）只能接不定式作宾语的动词，一般有：wish, hope, expect, offer, manage, decide, refuse, agree, pretend, promise, seem, fail, attempt, enable, neglect, afford, demand, long, arrange, destine, learn, appear, help, plan, prepare, etc.
7)can’t help (to) do 表示不能帮助做某事；can’t help doing表示不禁做某事。
8)allow, permit, advise, forbid, consider + doing 或+ sb. to do
9)need, require, want + doing 或+ to be done 表示需要被做某种处理
as to…, so/such… as to… 例1：The doctor held a consultation to decide
whether an operation was necessary. 译文：医生们会诊以决定是否需要动手术。 例2：I come here only to say good-bye to my
1.2非谓语动词作宾语
（1）只能接不定式作宾语的动词，一般有：wish, hope, expect, offer, manage, decide, refuse, agree, pretend, promise, seem, fail, attempt, enable, neglect, afford, demand, long, arrange, destine, learn, appear, help, plan, prepare, etc.
非谓语动词的翻译
（3）既能接不定式又能接动名词作宾语的动词， 但表达的意义不同： 1)forget, regret, remember后接to do 表示尚未 发生的动作， 接doing表示已经发生的动作。 2)stop to do表示停下来去做某事；stop doing表 示停止做某事。 3)try to do 表示努力企图做某事；try doing表示 尝试做某事。 4)mean to do表示打算做某事；mean doing表示 意味着。
动词不定式、分词和动名词都可以作定语，区别如 下： （1）动词不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的词构成 逻辑上的动宾关系或主谓关系，表示将要发生的动 作或状态。 例1：I have something important to tell you. 例2：The next medical team to arrive is from New York.
注意： （1）介词（but除外）后面的动词宾语一律用doing形 式。 例：They have been dedicated in clinical observing for a long time. 译文：他们长期致力于临床观察。 （2）but与no, not, any, all等词连用时为介词，但其 后面的动词用to do形式；如果but前有实意动词do的 任何形式，but后用动词原形do。 例1：The disabled boy did nothing but cry. 译文：这个残疾男孩只是哭。 例2：I had no choice but to cry. 译文：我别无办法，只好哭。
（1）只能接不定式作宾语的动词，一般有：wish, hope, expect, offer, manage, decide, refuse, agree, pretend, promise, seem, fail, attempt, enable, neglect, afford, demand, long, arrange, destine, learn, appear, help, plan, prepare, etc. （2）只能接动名词作宾语的动词，一般有：avoid, miss, postpone, suggest, finish, practice, enjoy, imagine, can’t help, admit, deny, envy, escape, risk, forgive, stand, keep, mind, appreciate, consider, delay, detest, resist, understand, feel like, etc.
非谓语翻译
非谓语动词包括现在分词、过去分词、不定式和动名词四种形式。
非谓语动词在句中不可以单独作谓语，也不受主语人称和数的限制，可用作句子的定语、表语、状语、补语等修饰成分。
它们在句中所起的作用不同，翻译方法也不尽相同。
这就要求在看到这类英语句子时，得先理解句子的中心意思，理清句子的结构，然后将谓语动词与此分词（短语）的动作进行比较，最后才能采用各种翻译方法将原句忠实、通顺地翻译成汉语。
下面来具体说明如何处理英译汉中的非谓语动词的翻译。
1）将非谓语动词直接译成动词由于非谓语动词是由动词变来的，它们的词义和用法都带有动词的特点。
有的非谓语动词可以带宾语或用被动语态等，而汉语中却没有非谓语动词，所以大多数非谓语动词都可以直接译成动词。
例如：The n ewly described Ian guages were ofte n so strik in gly differe nt from the well studied languagesof Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricati ng their data.这些新近被描述的语言与已经得到充分研究的欧洲和东南亚地区的语言往往差别显著，以至于有些学者甚至指责Boas和Sapir编造了材料。
（动名词fabricating后面跟了宾语，可将其直接译成动词“编造”。
）Misappropriation is taking the intellectual property of others without due compe nsati on and using it for mon etary gain.所谓“盗用”,是指在没有进行应该支付的赔偿的情况下使用他人的知识产权，用于获得利润。
Facing their children's complaints of “ nothing to do”，parents were shelli ng out large nu mbers of dollars for various forms of en terta inment. 看到自己的孩子埋怨“无事可做”，父母们拿出大笔金钱帮他们寻找各种各样的娱乐活动。
非谓语动词 6 翻译策略：用好短语代替从句
非谓语动词
6 翻词短语代替从句的好处？
简洁； 美观； 句子多样化的需要；
常州工程学院
2
举例1：医生不想让她紧张，就没有向她解释病
情的严重性。
Because the doctor didn’t want her to be nervous, he did not explain the seriousness of the disease to her. 这个句子翻译得怎么样？看下列： The doctor, not wanting her to be nervous, did not explain the seriousness of the disease to her. 对比分析：各有利弊。第二句短凑，但不能表示 强调原因。 难度分析：第一句一般人都会，第二句有的同学 想不到，难度大，容易用错。
常州工程学院 4
举例3：由于写的匆忙，这本书错误很多。
翻译1. The book was written in haste, so it had many mistakes. 翻译2. Because the book was written in haste, it had many mistakes. 翻译3. Written in haste, the book has some mistakes.
常州工程学院
5
常州工程学院 3
举例2：由于我不知道说什么，我就保持
沉默。
翻译1. Since I didn’t know what to say, I remained silent. 翻译2. Not knowing what to say, I remained silent. 翻译3. I, not knowing what to say, remained silent. 翻译4. I remained silent, not knowing what to say.
6 翻词短语代替从句的好处？
简洁； 美观； 句子多样化的需要；
常州工程学院
2
举例1：医生不想让她紧张，就没有向她解释病
情的严重性。
Because the doctor didn’t want her to be nervous, he did not explain the seriousness of the disease to her. 这个句子翻译得怎么样？看下列： The doctor, not wanting her to be nervous, did not explain the seriousness of the disease to her. 对比分析：各有利弊。第二句短凑，但不能表示 强调原因。 难度分析：第一句一般人都会，第二句有的同学 想不到，难度大，容易用错。
常州工程学院 4
举例3：由于写的匆忙，这本书错误很多。
翻译1. The book was written in haste, so it had many mistakes. 翻译2. Because the book was written in haste, it had many mistakes. 翻译3. Written in haste, the book has some mistakes.
常州工程学院
5
常州工程学院 3
举例2：由于我不知道说什么，我就保持
沉默。
翻译1. Since I didn’t know what to say, I remained silent. 翻译2. Not knowing what to say, I remained silent. 翻译3. I, not knowing what to say, remained silent. 翻译4. I remained silent, not knowing what to say.
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
2. 若表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用 不定式。 e.g. My wish is to find a part-time job this summer.
3. 现在分词和过去分词作表语具有形容词特征,也可以 作为形容词。但要注意二者的区别 e.g. The party was very exciting. They were very excited at the news．
world which is changing）变化中的世
界 a moving movie 感人的电影 excited voice激动的声音
（形容词性分词作定语） fallen leaves 落叶 a broken cup 一个破了的杯子 （过去分词作定语则表示被动、或完成）
五、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做补足语
● can’t help to do sth. 不能帮忙做某事 can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事
1. He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
2. It ’s a pay day, and they are waiting to be paid.
1. 在“动词+宾语+不定式”结构中，不定式作宾语补 足语，“宾语+不定式”构成了复合宾语。
有些动词要求不定式不带to，有些要求必须带to，还 有的带与不带都可以。 ● 以下动词后常跟带符号to的不定式做宾语补足语：
ask, tell, want, wish, order, persuade, advise, allow, warn, encourage, cause, require等。 e.g. The doctor advised him to stay in bed for another few days. We wish him to remain and accept the post. 我们希望他留下来接受这个职位。
二、不定式与动名词做宾语：
• 1. 下列动词后常跟不定式做宾语： want, wish, hope, expect, ask, afford, agree, choose, pretend, decide, happen, learn, offer, refuse, fail, plan, prepare, order, manage, promise, intend等。
● 不定式表结果，常用在too… to, enough… to结构中。 有时不定式前加上only，表示出人意料的结果。 e.g. The child is old enough to dress himself. We hurried to the station only to be told that the train had left. The husband left his wife, never to return.
六、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做状语
1. 不定式做状语，主要表示目的、结果、原因以及评论 性状语。
● 不定式往往放在系表结构后面，表示产生某种情绪或 状态的原因。 e.g. She was surprised to see Jim walk in. 看到吉姆进来，她很惊讶。
● 不定式可以单独作目的状语，有时为了强调目的性， 在不定式前可以加上in order, so as。 e.g. To succeed, one must first of all believe in himself. In order to keep warm, we shut all the windows.
5. She can’t help to clean the house because she’s busy making a cake.
三、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做表语
1. 表示一定的概念，具有名词的性质时，不定式和动名 词可以互换。 e.g. My hobby is collecting/ to collect ancient coins.
• e.g. He agreed to get someone to help us. • They promised not to break the school rules
again.
2. 在下列动词或动词短语后常用动名词做宾语： admit, advise, allow, avoid, bear, cannot help, consider, delay, enjoy, finish, give up, imagine. include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, permit, practice, resist, risk, suggest, stand, insist on, be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t stand, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from), keep…from, stop…(from), protect…from, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, admit to, be/ get/ become used to, be equal to, devote…to, get down to, look forward to, object to, stick to, take to, see to, lead to, pay attention to等。
动词ed： 现在分词
不定式和现在分词作结果状语的 区别
表完成和被 动
现在分词跟过去分词作状语
一、不定式与动名词做主语：
1. 动名词做主语往往表示泛指的、一般的行为; 不定式 做主语常表示某次具体的行为或将来的动作。 e.g. Climbing mountains is great fun. 爬山很有趣。 To visit China is my next goal. 2. 不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不 定式短语后置。 e.g. It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 3. 动名词作主语有时用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句 尾。常见于以下句型中： It’s use/ good / fun… It’s useful/ nice/ useless… e.g It’s nice seeing you again.
四、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做定语
1. 不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示未发生的 动作或通常发生的某一动作。 e.g. The train to arrive is from London． He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
3. 现在分词作定语表示主动、正在进行的动作。过去 分词作定语则表示被动、或完成的意义。单个分词 或形容词性的分词作定语往往放在被修饰词的前 面；分词短语作定语多置于被修饰词后面。 e.g. the rising sun（现在分词做定语，= the sun which is rising）正在升起的太阳 the changing world（现在分词做定语，= the
The boss found his plan carried out successfully.
The boy was found lost in the forest. Have you heard this song sung in Japanese? (宾补) This song is often heard sung everywhere in China. (主补)
2. 动名词做定语往往说明所修饰词的某种用途，一般 放在被修饰词的前面。 e.g. a washing machine （动名词做定语，= a machine which is used for washing） 洗衣机 a reading room（动名词做定语，= a room which is used for reading） 阅览室
e.g. I see him passing by a bank. 我看见他正经过一家银行。（宾语补足语）
He was seen working in the garden. 有人看见他正在花园里干活。（主语补足语）
3. 过去分词(done)做宾语补足语，说明宾语的性质或状态，与宾 语一起构成复合宾语，其前的宾语是它的逻辑主语。 ● 若是及物动词的过去分词，既表示被动，也可以表示动作已 经完成（即先于谓语动词）。 ● 若是不及物动词的过去分词，则只表示完成。 ● 句子由主动变被动时，宾语补足语相应的变为主语补足语。
3. I forgot to sign my name when I finished writing the composition.
4. ---You were brave enough to raised objections at the meeting.
---Well, now I regret having done that.
1. Learning a language requires time and effort. 2. It is not always easy to refuse invitations. 3. How to solve the problem will be discussed at
tomorrow’s meeting. 4. It takes forty-five minutes to get there by bus. 5. It is no good smoking . You should give it up.
2. 现在分词做补足语分两种情况： ● 形容词性质的现在分词作补足语：
3. 现在分词和过去分词作表语具有形容词特征,也可以 作为形容词。但要注意二者的区别 e.g. The party was very exciting. They were very excited at the news．
world which is changing）变化中的世
界 a moving movie 感人的电影 excited voice激动的声音
（形容词性分词作定语） fallen leaves 落叶 a broken cup 一个破了的杯子 （过去分词作定语则表示被动、或完成）
五、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做补足语
● can’t help to do sth. 不能帮忙做某事 can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事
1. He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
2. It ’s a pay day, and they are waiting to be paid.
1. 在“动词+宾语+不定式”结构中，不定式作宾语补 足语，“宾语+不定式”构成了复合宾语。
有些动词要求不定式不带to，有些要求必须带to，还 有的带与不带都可以。 ● 以下动词后常跟带符号to的不定式做宾语补足语：
ask, tell, want, wish, order, persuade, advise, allow, warn, encourage, cause, require等。 e.g. The doctor advised him to stay in bed for another few days. We wish him to remain and accept the post. 我们希望他留下来接受这个职位。
二、不定式与动名词做宾语：
• 1. 下列动词后常跟不定式做宾语： want, wish, hope, expect, ask, afford, agree, choose, pretend, decide, happen, learn, offer, refuse, fail, plan, prepare, order, manage, promise, intend等。
● 不定式表结果，常用在too… to, enough… to结构中。 有时不定式前加上only，表示出人意料的结果。 e.g. The child is old enough to dress himself. We hurried to the station only to be told that the train had left. The husband left his wife, never to return.
六、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做状语
1. 不定式做状语，主要表示目的、结果、原因以及评论 性状语。
● 不定式往往放在系表结构后面，表示产生某种情绪或 状态的原因。 e.g. She was surprised to see Jim walk in. 看到吉姆进来，她很惊讶。
● 不定式可以单独作目的状语，有时为了强调目的性， 在不定式前可以加上in order, so as。 e.g. To succeed, one must first of all believe in himself. In order to keep warm, we shut all the windows.
5. She can’t help to clean the house because she’s busy making a cake.
三、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做表语
1. 表示一定的概念，具有名词的性质时，不定式和动名 词可以互换。 e.g. My hobby is collecting/ to collect ancient coins.
• e.g. He agreed to get someone to help us. • They promised not to break the school rules
again.
2. 在下列动词或动词短语后常用动名词做宾语： admit, advise, allow, avoid, bear, cannot help, consider, delay, enjoy, finish, give up, imagine. include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, permit, practice, resist, risk, suggest, stand, insist on, be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t stand, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from), keep…from, stop…(from), protect…from, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, admit to, be/ get/ become used to, be equal to, devote…to, get down to, look forward to, object to, stick to, take to, see to, lead to, pay attention to等。
动词ed： 现在分词
不定式和现在分词作结果状语的 区别
表完成和被 动
现在分词跟过去分词作状语
一、不定式与动名词做主语：
1. 动名词做主语往往表示泛指的、一般的行为; 不定式 做主语常表示某次具体的行为或将来的动作。 e.g. Climbing mountains is great fun. 爬山很有趣。 To visit China is my next goal. 2. 不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不 定式短语后置。 e.g. It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 3. 动名词作主语有时用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句 尾。常见于以下句型中： It’s use/ good / fun… It’s useful/ nice/ useless… e.g It’s nice seeing you again.
四、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做定语
1. 不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示未发生的 动作或通常发生的某一动作。 e.g. The train to arrive is from London． He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
3. 现在分词作定语表示主动、正在进行的动作。过去 分词作定语则表示被动、或完成的意义。单个分词 或形容词性的分词作定语往往放在被修饰词的前 面；分词短语作定语多置于被修饰词后面。 e.g. the rising sun（现在分词做定语，= the sun which is rising）正在升起的太阳 the changing world（现在分词做定语，= the
The boss found his plan carried out successfully.
The boy was found lost in the forest. Have you heard this song sung in Japanese? (宾补) This song is often heard sung everywhere in China. (主补)
2. 动名词做定语往往说明所修饰词的某种用途，一般 放在被修饰词的前面。 e.g. a washing machine （动名词做定语，= a machine which is used for washing） 洗衣机 a reading room（动名词做定语，= a room which is used for reading） 阅览室
e.g. I see him passing by a bank. 我看见他正经过一家银行。（宾语补足语）
He was seen working in the garden. 有人看见他正在花园里干活。（主语补足语）
3. 过去分词(done)做宾语补足语，说明宾语的性质或状态，与宾 语一起构成复合宾语，其前的宾语是它的逻辑主语。 ● 若是及物动词的过去分词，既表示被动，也可以表示动作已 经完成（即先于谓语动词）。 ● 若是不及物动词的过去分词，则只表示完成。 ● 句子由主动变被动时，宾语补足语相应的变为主语补足语。
3. I forgot to sign my name when I finished writing the composition.
4. ---You were brave enough to raised objections at the meeting.
---Well, now I regret having done that.
1. Learning a language requires time and effort. 2. It is not always easy to refuse invitations. 3. How to solve the problem will be discussed at
tomorrow’s meeting. 4. It takes forty-five minutes to get there by bus. 5. It is no good smoking . You should give it up.
2. 现在分词做补足语分两种情况： ● 形容词性质的现在分词作补足语：