大学英语综合教程4unit5

新标准大学英语综合教程4 Unit test 5 答案Part I: Vocabulary and StructureSection A: Complete the sentences using the correct words in the box.•stigma•animated•decidedly•etiquette•linguistic•entrusted•eloquent•availability•undermine•intellectual1.The poet gave an incredibly eloquentspeech and brought many people to tears.Your answer Correct answer eloquent eloquent2.What's the proper etiquetterequired for eating dinner with a prince?Your answer Correct answer etiquette etiquette3.My daughter shows a(n) intellectualcuriosity not usual for someone so young.Your answer Correct answer intellectual intellectual4.I like the debate team at school because we always have such animatedconversations.Your answer Correct answer animated animated5.What's your availabilityto go fishing next weekend?Your answer Correct answeravailability availability6.Her brother was entrustedwith their father's fortune after he passed away. Your answer Correct answer entrusted entrusted7. Sadly, my grandmother went through much of her life feeling like there was a(n)stigmaconnected to her skin color.Your answer Correct answerstigma stigma8.Don't question my decisions and underminemy authority in front of the other employees!Your answer Correct answer undermine undermine9.It's obvious that Kevin has amazing linguisticabilities since he's fluent in sixlanguages!Your answer Correct answerlinguistic linguistic10.The final score of the game was 20-3, making it a(n) decidedlyunfair competition.Your answer Correct answerdecidedly decidedlySection B: Choose the best way to complete the sentences.11. Even if I don't win the award, it's still an honor to be a(n) _____.a. applicantb. championc. nomineed. spectator12. I see parents of twins and triplets and I can't imagine having _____ children at once.a. multiplyb. doublec. individuald. multiple13. I'm one of two vice-presidents, and my _____ at the other office will be your main point ofcontact.a. counterpartb. supervisorc. subordinated. employee14. "Always be kind" is the _____ rule I expect my employees to live by.a. principleb. principalc. standardd. irrelevant15. His time in office was marked by _____ affairs and controversy.a. highbrowb. unemotionalc. scandalousd. unintended16. I became a partner in the law firm, _____ increasing my salary considerably.a. therebyc. standbyd. passerby17. Choosing not to hire someone based on their race or sex is a textbook example of _____.a. discriminateb. discriminationc. discriminatoryd. discriminator18. Tony gets _____ if he drinks too much, and he's liable to hurt someone.a. peacefulb. hostilec. ambivalentd. apathetic19. What was the suspect's _____ to kill Gene?a. motivateb. motivatorc. motivationd. motive20. After all these years, I still _____ that it wasn't my fault.a. portendb. attendc. contendSection C: Fill in each of the blanks with a suitable preposition or adverb.21.She entrusted me withmanaging the entire staff this week.Your answer Correct answer with with22.They managed to catch the opposing player offguard and score a goal.Your answer Correct answer off off23.Tony has been described asboth a lover and a hater.Your answer Correct answer as as24.Other thanthe occasional cup of tea, I never drink caffeine.Your answer Correct answerthan than25.I think it goes withoutsaying that I want to go to college.Your answer Correct answer without without26.Diane wrote an article to the effect thatmen and women were equal in all respects.Your answer Correct answer that that27.Let's rake overthe suspect's answers and see if we can find some clues.Your answer Correct answerover over28.Please fill outthese forms and have a seat; someone will be with you shortly.Your answer Correct answerout out29.Remember to take yard work intoaccount when you figure how much free time youhave this weekend.Your answer Correct answerinto into30.It's not a good idea to make sarcastic comments aboutyour previous boss during a jobinterview.Your answer Correct answerabout aboutPart II: Banked ClozeQuestions 31 to 40 are based on the following passage.It's very interesting that so many world cultures are (31)patriarchal, or based on thesuperiority of the father or husband. Why do you think this is so? There are a(n)(32)myriadof explanations, but many of them can be traced back to the basic(33)masculinestereotypes: strength, power, and dominance. Throughout history andaround the world, men have overpowered women due to their physical qualities.Yet how can we explain the handful of cultures that are actually (34)matriarchal, orbased on the superiority of the mother or wife? No one can (35)presumeto know theprecise reason for why they developed differently, but it is interesting to theorize. One particularly(36)revealingfact is that most of these cultures have a strong agricultural tradition and,hence, a strong female role in society.One of the major tenets of the (37)feminismmovement is that modern womenshould not be restricted by traditional roles and their subservient status in society. Women should notbelieve that their gender automatically (38)disqualifiesthem for the same rights andprivileges that men enjoy."Women have been taught that, for us, the earth is flat, and that if we venture out, we will fall offthe edge." This anonymous (39)quoteperfectly captures the essence of the modernfeminist movement. Elevating the female gender to be completely equal with men should be the(40)singularcause of everyone everywhere.Your answer Correct answer(31) patriarchal patriarchal(32) myriad myriad(33) masculine masculine(34) matriarchal matriarchal(35) presume presume(36) revealing revealing(37) feminism feminism(38) disqualifies disqualifies(39) quote quote(40) singular singularPart III: Reading ComprehensionQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.Language not only allows us to communicate our thoughts and ideas to others but also helps us understand the world and how others think. Words and ideas convey much more than the basic information we use them for. Our choice of words, examples, context, and grammatical structure all contribute to forming a picture of ourselves and our world view. However, language is not a neutral vehicle in the representation of reality, and the mere existence of non-sexist and feminist terms does not guarantee their usage.Many of the words and ideas we use in everyday speech are overtly coded with sexist or gendered understandings which distract from their true intent. The only way to truly create a neutral language is to eliminate all of the sexist, feminist, gender-encoded terms and replace them with new ones. However, even this is not a guarantee that the words will be used in the intended manner or even that the cultural understandings which are attached to the non-neutral terms will be changed. Sexist use of language can not, very feasibly, be changed simply through the replacement of certain words or terms. With the samecultural understanding in place, the new terms will only be appropriated to mean or signify the same thingas the old ones. There is inherent sexism in language.Language and cultural understanding are connected and have a reciprocating relationship. Anotherimplied sexist use of language is the tendency to refer to inanimate objects in English (with no grammatical gender) as gendered. This is seen in references to boats, planes, or cars as feminine. Perhaps the mostwidely-used example of this is the idea of Mother Nature. Historically, men have treated nature as they treat women—as something to be subdued, exploited, and admired. Our concepts of gender and the relation ofthose concepts to reality are reflected in our choice of words and referents.Language and our use of it are almost entirely entrenched in our understanding of the world.Therefore, commonly held beliefs about gender and the differences between men and women are reflectedin language use. When gender neutral or feminine terms are introduced into a society still dominated bymen, their intended neutrality is thwarted in actual usage. Indeed, if man equals human (linguistically and culturally), then man will always be the standard against which woman is measured.41. Which of the following would make the best title for this passage?A. The Neutrality of Language: Why Uninteresting Language is Sometimes BetterB. Language as a Mirror: How Our Words Reflect What We ThinkC. Gendered Language: How English Sets a Perfect ExampleD. The Culture of Language: Why We Think the Way We Do42. After reading this passage, what can you infer about the nature of language?A. The interpretation of language is largely a matter of semantics.B. There is tenuous connection between language and culture.C. Very few words have cultural and sexual connotations.D. Language is the primary vehicle people use to express cultural understanding.43. "Historically, men have treated nature as they treat women—as something to be subdued,exploited, and admired." This statement establishes a _____ to use language in a particular way.A. motiveB. stigmaC. myriadD. standard44. Which paragraph introduces a discussion of the sexist use of language?A. Paragraph 1.B. Paragraph 2.C. Paragraph 3.D. Paragraph 4.45. What is the main idea of this passage?A. Much of the language we use is sexist.B. Language allows us to communicate our thoughts.C. Language and culture are directly related.D. Many inanimate objects are given genders in speech.。

Unit5答案⼤学英语综合教程4Unit 5 Fame and SuccessI. Listen and Respond1. Focusing on the Main Ideas1) It’s mainly about how to set goals in one’s life.2) This is because they all have clear goals. They know what they want in life and they go after it.3) They are: a) decide what you want; b) make clear your values; c) write them down; and d) take action.4) According to the passage, one should have written goals, careful choices, clear commitments and daily persistence if he or she wants to be successful.2. Zooming In on the Details1) athletes2) inspiring3) accident4) priorities5) independence6) intentions7) specific8) marriage9) extraordinary10) persistent11) sketches12) commitmentsII. Text A---Discovering the Main Ieas1.1) In this essay, the author talks about the issue of fame. The main idea is that most people want fame because fame can bring them celebrity, high regard, admiration, etc. However, the author emphasizes that there are few people who can really capture fame and that fame is usually short-lived. Fame can affect and sometimes even destroy one’s life.2) The author takes an objective attitude towards fame with an emphasis on its negative side. He believes that fame rewards one with money, power and popularity, but it may also enslave him and destroy his life.3) According to the author, to stay famous, an artist has to perform in the style that the public wants and enjoys, no matter how bored he is of performing in the same style year after year. Any attempt to change the style may result in the loss of his popularity among his fans.4) To find excuses for the failures, people tend to claim that they are too sensitive, they are not interested in money, they are not interested in the power that fame brings and they are not interested in the loss of privacey it demands, etc.5) According to the author, people chase fame because they want to demonstrate excellence in some field; to gain the admiration and love of many others; to be the one everyone talks about; to show family and friends that they are more than their family and friends thought they were.6) Probably not. According to the author, fame takes “the you out of you”, which means that oncea person becomes famous, he must be what the public thinks he is, not what he really is or couldbe. Fame enslaves him with what the public wants, instead of helping him maintain and develop his own identity or his true self.2.Part Paragraph(s) Main IdeaOne 1-2 Fame enslaves the person who pursues it because once he becomes fam ous, he will not only attract the public’s attention, but also has to workand live in line with the public’s expectations. He then becomes the slaveof his own success.Two 3-4 For those who look for fame, failure is not necessarily a bad thing, especially for those who fail to perform well enough, because people tendto be more tolerant towards and sympathetic with them.Three 5 Though fame brings disadvantages to those who achieve it, people still seek fame for various reasons.Four 6 It is better to take a critical attitude towards fame.III. Text A---Reading Between the Lines1.According to the author, fame and the public attention that comes with it can destroy one’stalent. Once you become famous, it is not you but the public that controls your fate. You have to work and live in line with the public expectations.2.Artists are no longer the master of themselves. In order to meet the public demands, they haveto perform in the same style year after year, no matter how bored they become.3.Fame often affects how performers see their own talent and skills. It is easy for them tobelieve that they are as perfect as what the media describe. They may indulge themselves in that illusion and lose their own judgment about themselves.4.Once you become famous, your opponents will pay more attention to you and they will seekevery opportunity to challenge or even attack you. You will also be exposed to the limelight and the media may keep an eye on whatever you are doing.IV. Text B---Checking Your V ocabulary1.2) d 3) g 4) a 5) c 6) h 7) b 8) f2.1) (n.) a first university degree in any of several subjects(n.) an unmarried man2) (n.) the state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority onone’s way of life or behaviour(n.) too much freedom in behaviour, taken without permission and sometimes regarded as rude 3) (n.) the point of highest activity, quality or achievement(vi.) reach a highest point4) (n.) a very strong feeling of excitement or joy(vt.) cause to fell a sudden strong feeling of excitement or joy5) (n.) the amount of money that is available to a family to spend(vt.) bring (the lips) together in little folds6) (ad.) in the way that is typical of power that is uncontrolled and used without considering thewishes of others(ad.) in the way that is decided by or based on chance or personal opinion rather than facts or reason; randomly7) (vt.) make (sth.) certain to happen or be gained; ensure(vt.) tell firmly and with confidence, esp. with the aim of removing doubt; promise8) (n.) the management of money, esp. of large amounts of money by governments, companies, orlarge organizations(vt.) provide an esp. large amount of money for (a public activity or organization, business, etc.)V. Text B---Checking Your Comprehension1. NFinancial wealth, in fact, is a shallow measure of success. If we accept dollars as our standard, then “money is the measure of the man,” and what could be more foolish than that? (Para. 4) Such success cannot be measured in monetary terms. (Para.10)2. Y…wealth is ill-measured by using mere dollars: … (Para. 3)What about a life well-lived? What about a family closely bound by love? Who could be wealthier than a man or woman whose calling provides benefits to mankind, or to fellow citizens, or even toa community or neighborhood? (Para. 4)3. Y… that fame is ill-measured by public notoriety; … (Para. 3)4. N… and that power is ill-measured solely by control over others. (Para. 3)5. NPerhaps the famed economist Joseph Schumpeter can help. Ambitious people are driven, he suggested, by “the joy of creating, of getting things done, of simply exercising one’s energy and ingenuity; and by the will to conquer, the impulse to fight, to succeed for the sake, not of the fruits of success”--- i.e. wealth, fame, and power--- “but of success itself.” (Para. 9)6. YSource sentences: Such success cannot be measured in monetary terms, nor in terms of the amount of power one may exercise over others, nor in the illusory fame of inevitably short-lived public notice. But it can be measured in our contributions to building a better world, in helping our fellow man, in bringing up children who themselves become loving human beings and good citizens. (Para. 10)VI. Text B---Optional Classroom Activities(The following explanations are provided only for references)1)As long as you have confidence in yourself, and hold the belief that anything is possible, youare already on your way to success.2)If you always close your eyes to possibilities, you will attempt nothing and accomplishnothing. Such a pessimistic attitude can never make a successful person.3)Successful people know their goals and would waste no time in pursuing them. If you believewhat you are doing now would lead you to success, the 10 million dollars might speed you up on your way to success but would not change what you are doing now.4)Education and talent are important factors in achieving success, but they can never take theplace of perseverance. On your way to success, the biggest obstacle is not the lack of education or talent, but the lack of persistence and determination in what you are doing.Education and talent may help you to achieve success, yet only persistence and determination can give you the will power to stick to your goal and to overcome difficulties.5)The only answer is as much as it takes.VII. Enhance Your Language Awareness1.1) fortune2) dull3) chased4) launched5) finance6) reputation7) liberty8) publicity9) sufficiently10) sympathy11) target12) educate13) commerce14) alike15) bored16) audiences17) regard18) assure2.1) thrown out2) and so on3) for dear life4) dedicate himself to5) was tired of6) turn away7) hang on8) for the sake ofVIII. Increasing Your Word Power1.Back-formation Original word Back-formation Original word automate automation housekeep housekeeperbabysit babysitter mass-produce mass-productionbook-keep book-keeping self-destruct self-destructiondry-clean dry-cleaning window-shop window-shoppingedit editor wordprocess wordprocessor 2.1) reached / secured2) achieved / attained3) attained / reached4) reach / secure5) achieved / realized / fulfilled6) fulfill / meet / satisfy3.2) competitive3) same4) momentary5) specific6) sufficient7) cruel8) humble9) famous10) reasonableIX. Grammar Review1.1) (real) subject (真正的主语)2) object to the verb “make” （动词“make”的宾语）3) predicate （谓语）4) attribute modifying “opportunity” （定语---修饰“opportunity”）5) object complement （宾语补⾜语）6) adverbial of purpose （⽬的状语）7) adverbial of result （结果状语）8) predicative （表语）9) attribute modifying “person” （定语---修饰“person”）10) independent element （独⽴主格结构）2.1) To become a famous writer2) to take traveler’s checks3) to employ a young engineer4) take the machine apart5) To understand the situation completely6) to rise higher in position7) to find that the train had left 10 minutes before8) to apply for a known job opening9) to make trouble10) To be more exactX. Cloze1) chase2) reputation3) dedicate4) reward5) sufficiently6) measured7) assure8) Momentary9) celebrity10) target11) frank12) liberty13) illusory14) regardXI. Translation1.1) He attempted to save the enterprise which was on the verge of collapse but failed.2) The president has announced that he will not seek re-election at the end of his first term.3) The young teacher is skilled at motivating his students to study hard.4) She loves giving parties and does so whenever she can find an excuse.5) I’m afraid that you’ll have to compete with at least fifty people for an administrative post in this company.6) To be frank, I don’t think you stand a good chance of getting promoted even if you are loyal to the company.7) It was obvious that his speech aroused the sympathy of the audience for the victims of the earthquake.8) Though he has repeatedly assured me of his ability to promote our company’s products, I’ll give him another interview before hiring him.9) The company’s investment ended in failure due to the wrong strategic decisions of the general manager and so the board of directors decided to throw him out.10) I know you are tired but try to hang on a little bit longer. We will reach the peak in half an hour.2.Many people want to be famous because fame can bring them both honor and respect from the public. In most cases, fame can also help them gain wealth. But, after all, very few people can really become famous while most people, including most artists, are unlikely to become famous.It is true that some failure for some people at certain times in their lives does motivate them to strive even harder so as to achieve final success. For example, Thomas Edison, the famous American inventor, had tried hundreds of materials before he finally found the suitable fuse for the electric bulb. However, unfortunately, for most people failure is the end of their struggle.Therefore, in my opinion, success is one thing and fame is another. As long as you have tried your best, you’re already successful whether y ou are famous or not.XII. Theme-Related WritingA Sample Essay:Fame--- Good or EvilFame has always been pursued by many people for the advantages it brings about. Fame can assure one of a high social status, high regard, great admiration, etc. Fame can also bring one wealth as a celebrity has more chances to earn big money. Besides, the applauses and flowers from the fans may boost one’s self-confidence and increase one’s sense of fulfillment.However, fame can ruin one’s life, too. It deprives one of his privacy. As a public figure, he is often chased by fans and journalists, and his private life never escapes the media’s attention or public curiosity. Fame also places one under great pressure. He has to work in line with public expectations and thus becomes the slave of his own success.So fame is a double-edged sword. I don’t seek fame and I don’t envy those who are famous. I highly appreciate what the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow says about fame: “The talent of success is nothing more than doing well whatever you do without a thought of fame.”。

Unit 5Text ATextoganization 1.Parts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1 It is no easy to judge people, for they aren’t always whatthey appear to bePart Two Paras 2-3 Kind and gentle, Edward Burton, a wealthy merchant,appeared as if he could not bear to hurt a fly.Part Three Paras 4-51 History of globalization and its recent trends and futureprospectssections Paragraphs Main Ideassection One Paras 4-16 What Edward knew about Lennysection Two Paras 17-31 How Edward responded to Lenny’s requestsection Three Paras 32-51 How Edward, a “kind” gentleman, handled a friend indesperate need of helpVocabularyI1) In a way 2) in accordance 3) vacancy 4) in good condition 5) transparent 6) rub 7) spicy 8) hitherto9) with (a) bad grace 10) instinct 11) pawned 12) current2.1) turned up 2) will stick to 3) brought back 4)go about5) driving at 6) put away 7) over 8) took aback3.1) has a very weak constitution --- she may not be able to survive the operation.2) was taken aback by the insurance company’s rejection of my compensation claim3) was something of a surprise when we ran into each other in a place like that.4) needs trimming/ to be trimmed ---it’s getting too long.5) are often seceptive4.1) Oddly enough /went broke /wrinkled / he had gone all to pieces2) definite / is capable of /her vanity3) too mild / sipping / strokeII. Usage1. Except for2. except that3. except4. except when5. except to6. except what7. except where8. except thatIII.vocabulary spellingAmE BrE AmE BrEapartment flat favorable favourablecan tin paralyze paralysecandy sweets labor labourelevator lift meter metrefaculty staff (of a university) catalog cataloguefirst floor ground floor leveling levellinggas, gasoline petrol theater theatremail post defense defencerailroad railway plow ploughpants trousers program programmesubway tube, underground practic e (v.) practisecorn maize characterize characterisestore shop tire tyre (on a car)Comprehensive exercisesI.Cloze1.1. insane2. current3. candid4. capable5. was taken aback6. in good condition7. constitution8. go all to pieces9. gone broke 10. vacancy 11. mild 12. deceptive2.1. suspected2. pleading3. confirmed4. stunned5. lucrative6. jewellery7. wealthy8. urge9. spell 10. arrested II.Translation1.1)I have an instinct that Henry will seek to join the expedition, because he issomething of an adventurer.2)He is capable of sticking to the task at hand, even if he is exposed to noises.3)The trademark was registered in accordance with the laws hitherto in force.4)Oddly enough, many people volunteered to help organize the meeting, but only afew turned up.5)The teacher’s affectionate words, along with his candid comments, changed theway Mike perceived the society and himself.2. 课后翻译For my own part, I find that appearances are all too often deceptive. For instance, you might be wrong if you judged by appearances only people like Edward Hyde Burton. In appearance, he seemed a man all of a piece. He was a tiny little fellow with white hair and mild blue eyes, gentle and candid. Nevertheless, he turned out to be very cruel. He insulted and fooled Lenny who was down and out and made him commit himself to an insane venture. What was still more surprising was that he was completely indifferent to Lenny’s death. Without doubt, Burton was a man with a heart of stone.。

KeysUnit 5Part I Pre-readingSection B Listening Practice1. adventures2. passport3. adjustment4. alternative5. destinations6. confusingPart II Active Reading: Cultural ConflictsTask One1. C2. B3. D4. B5. CPart III Language FocusTask One1. roar2. prominent3. recoiled4. loomed5. insane6. boost7. outrages8. trigger9. alternately 10. switchTask Two1. I would bet all I have that he learned his lesson about gambling.2. She was indignant that her voice was neglected in work.3. Hopefully, I could switch myself from the legal profession to the business side of things.4. The majority of the local residents are still struggling to be compliant with environmental regulations.5. The public accuse the retail giant of exploiting its workers and discriminating against female employees.6. In winter, we slithered down the slope covered with snow.Part IV Chinese & Foreign Culture IntroductionTask OneDragons are commonly used as auspicious sign; it is one of the most typical of the Chinese nation’s traditional culture. Dragons are deeply rooted in Chinese culture, so the Chinese often consider themselves as "the descendants of the dragon". In Chinese culture, dragons are generous and wise. They are closely connected with the ancient royal family. Dragon culture also exists in the Western world. However, dragons have different reputation in western culture. The Western dragons are evil animals from hell. They usually have wings and can send out fire from their mouths.Task Two不同文化对私人空间和身体接触有不同的期望。

新标准大学英语综合教程4教师用书unit5课文翻译Unit5Translation of the passagesActive reading (1)英国人说闲话规则的性别差异与普遍的看法相反，研究人员发现：男人和女人一样爱说闲话。

英国的一项研究发现：两个性别的人对诸如人际关系这类的社会话题所花的时间一样多，大约是65%；另一项研究则表明：两性差异很小，男人谈话时有55% 的时间在说闲话，女人说闲话的时间是67%。

由于体育和休闲大约占10% 的说话时间，所以很可能是谈论足球的时间导致了这种性别的差异。

男人谈论政治、职业、艺术及文化事务等‚重要‛或‚高雅‛话题的可能性并不比女人高，除非女人在场（这就形成了强烈的对比）。

女人不在场的时候，男人也说闲话，他们谈论职业和政治等社会问题的时间不会超过5%。

男女都在场时，为了引起女人的注意，男人谈论‚高雅‛话题的时间会大大增加，达到15% 至20%。

事实上，最近的研究表明，男性和女性说闲话在内容上只存在一个重要的差别：男人会花更多的时间谈论自己。

在谈论社会关系的总时间中，男人用了三分之二的时间来谈论自己的关系，而女人谈论自己的时间则只占三分之一。

即便如此，那个关于男人讨论‚解决世界上问题‛而女人只是躲在厨房里闲言碎语的神话仍然大行其道，尤其是在男人堆里。

在我所调查的人群及面谈中，大多数英国男性刚开始时都声称他们不说闲话，而大多数女性都坦承自己说闲话。

在接下来的提问中，我发现两者的差别只在于语义层面而非实践层面：女性通常称为‚说闲话‛的活动在男性那里被定义为‚信息交流‛。

显然，在英国男性眼里说闲话是一件可耻的事情，这条不成文的规则已经深入人心，因此就算一个人真的在说闲话，他也会把它说成是另一回事。

更重要的是，它必须听起来像是在说别的事。

在研究中我发现男女说闲话的主要区别在于女人说闲话听起来更像闲言碎语。

这涉及到三个主要因素——音调规则、细节规则和反馈规则。

语调规则我面谈过的英国女人都认为只有某种特别的语调适合于说闲话。

Unit5Active reading (1)1 Work in pairs and decide who is gossiping.In fact, anybody could be saying these things. As sterotypes, the first is said by a male football fan, the secondis a women gossiping about the weather as part of small talk, the third is a young man / women gossiping toanother man about other people’s personal relationships.2 Check ( ) the statements about gossip which you think are true.1 Men gossip just as much as women.No, men seem to gossip less than women.√2 Men talk more about politics than women.Yes, this seems to be true.√3 Men talk more about football than women.Yes, surely this is the case.√4 Women talk more about themselves than men.No, I am not sure. Maybe men talk about themselves as much.√5 Men don’t admit they gossip.Yes, I think this is true.6 Women don’t admit they gossip.No, I don’t agree, I think they like gossiping and do admit it.Sex differences in English gossip rulesReading and understanding3 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 What does the research quoted in the passage show?(a) Men talk more about politics than about football.(b) Women don’t like speaking about politics and art.(c) Men gossip just as much as women.(d) Men and women gossip in exactly the same way.2 What do men do when women are present?(a) They tend to talk about themselves.(b) They change their tone of voice.(c) They speak more about politics and art than usual.(d) They let women do most of the speaking.3 What is the main difference between male and female gossip?(a) Women don’t realize they are gossiping.(b) Men only gossip outdoors.(c) Women speak more about themselves than men do.(d) Men speak more about themselves than women do.4 What is “the tone rule” in women’s gossip?(a) Use a special tone of voice to show that you are gossiping.(b) It is important to keep a flat unemotional tone.(c) Don’t change your tone of voice when you start gossiping.(d) Always start gossiping by using a low whisper.5 What is “the detail rule”?(a) You should avoid boring details when you gossip.(b) When gossiping about people it’s important to quote what they actuallysaid.(c) You should avoid talking about why people did something.(d) It doesn’t matter if your gossip is vague.6 What does “the feedback rule” say about listeners?(a) They should keep quiet while someone is gossiping.(b) They shouldn’t show surprise.(c) They should believe everything they hear.(d) They should show interest and enthusiasm.4 Number the different parts of the passage in the order in which they occur.1 Refer to recent research to dispel the myth about male gossip.2 Reveal that men change topic of conversation when women are present.3 Focus on the difference of content between male and female gossip.4 Suggest that the myth about male gossip is really a problem of terminology.5 Present a detailed, technical account of how women gossip.6 Conclude that the vital difference between male and female gossip lies in the positive response of the audience.Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 in a way that is impossible to doubt and easy to see (decidedly)2 the reason that you do something (motive)3 main, or most important (principal)4 with qualities thought to be typical of men (masculine)5 to criticize something, or to suggest it is not good enough for you (sniff)6 lively or active (animated)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.When Simona Ventura became the host of the Italian TV soccer programme, a lot of people (1) sniffedat the decision. What could a woman do in such a (2) decidedlymale-dominated world? They argued.But the (3) motive behind the choice of Simona as the new presenter soon became apparent. Ratherthan change to fit the programme – there is nothing (4) masculine about her – she created a new, moremodern show, the (5) principal aim of which is to entertain the whole family. The old style, lengthy andrather technical analyses of football matches, has been replaced by a lively TV programme, which is(6) animated by guest celebrities, dancers and singers, as well as extracts from the day’s top matches.7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the following words. You may need to makeother changes.1 Cultural and intellectual programmes tend to be broadcast very late in the evening. (highbrow)2 At the beginning I was very shy, but I soon got to know everyone and made friends. (initially)3 The course I enjoyed most when I was studying linguistics was the one on the relationship betweenwords and meanings. (semantics)4 To find out more about English as a world language, we need reliable people who are able to giveinformation. (informants)5 She sent me a bunch of roses when I got the job, and I did the same when she got promoted.(reciprocated)6 For some men there is still a feeling of embarrassment and unease about taking orders from a femalesuperior. (stigma)7 After the goal was disallowed, most of the words I could hear were swear words. (expletives)8 You can’t speak like that to someone you don’t know. It’s a matter of rules of social behaviour. (etiquette)9 Only after a very careful and time-consuming editing will this book be ready for publication.(exhaustive)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 Does scandalous behaviour (a) make you feel uncomfortable, or (b) leave you indifferent?2 If you bemoan something, do you (a) express pleasure, or (b) complain about it?3 If you rake over something, do you (a) want to forget it, or (b) keep talking about it?4 If you are appreciative of something someone has done for you, do you (a) thank them, or (b) criticizethem?5 If a man has an effeminate manner, does he make you think of (a) a child, or (b) a woman?6 Is camp behaviour (a) typical of, or (b) different from established norms about the traditional male wayof doing things?Reading and interpreting9 Check ( ) the writer’s main purposes in writing the passage.√1 to summarize findings from recent researchMost of the passage is taken up with research findings from both the writer and others. If you arenot sure about this, look at how many times words like study, research, findings, found, interviews,interviewed, informants etc are used and read the last two sentences of paragraph five and see howverbs in the past tense in the second part are all reporting research findings!2 to present the writer’s own research findingsThese are clearly included and they are most of the second part, but thisis the main purpose is notto present them – they illustrate how gossip works.3 to dispel a myth about males and gossipThe first part of the text does this, but the second part reports research only about women’s gossip,so No 1 is a better answer.4 to show that women are superior to menNo, the writer does not intend to show this and doesn’t do so.5 to encourage people to learn to gossip properlyNo, the passage is about rules, but these are not the kind that people are supposed to learn but thedescriptive rules that describe common behaviour. There is nothing about encouraging people tobehave like this.6 to draw attention to the different ways in which men and women gossip This is a reasonable answer but the passage is really reporting research (see No 1)7 to analyze the way in which women gossipThis is the point of the second part, but not the main idea of the whole passage.Active reading (2)Marked: women in the workplaceReading and understanding3 Choose the best summary of the passage.1 The English language reflects and reinforces the sexist attitudes of society, whether we consider wordssuch as actress, which is a less serious equivalent of the word actor, or titles we give women, such asMrs, Miss and Ms.This only summarizes the first section, but the title should indicate that a summary would say more thanthis, including the points about hairstyle or clothes.2 Women find it much harder to get on in the workplace because they haveto spend too much timethinking about what clothes to wear, or what hairstyle they should have. This is only one point. It doesn’t summaraize the main idea and examples of language use.3 Women constantly have to make choices about dress and appearance, and even the way they sign theirnames, which lead people to make judgments about them; men do not have to make the same choices.Although this doesn’t emphasize language, it summarizes the main idea of choi ce (marked / unmarked).4 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 Which of the following words is marked?(a) Doctor. (b) Actor.(c) Actress. (d) Poet.2 What does a marked female ending to a word usually convey?(a) Physical attractiveness.(b) A lack of authority.(c) A lack of seriousness.(d) Greater professional competence.3 What did the writer notice at a conference?(a) All the women were dressed in the same way.(b) All the men were dressed in the same way.(c) One of the men wore a cowboy shirt and jeans.(d) None of the women wore sensible shoes.4 What did a woman with high heels do at the conference?(a) She was isolated by her female colleagues.(b) She was the first to complete a group task.(c) She broke one of the heels when she had to make a trek.(d) She took off her shoes and attracted a group of men.5 What did a male colleague tell a female lawyer to do before she went to court?(a) To put on a jacket over her blouse.(b) To do up a button on her blouse.(c) To undo a button on her blouse.(d) To wear something with darker colours.6 What is a woman often asked to do when filling in a form?(a) Choose from four titles.(b) Give both her married and unmarried name.(c) Give information about her married status.(d) Avoid using the title “Dr”.Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 the place where you work (workplace)2 to mean something (denote)3 to make something or someone become gradually less effective, confident, or successful(undermine)4 to think that something is true because it is likely, although you cannot be certain (presume)5 a regular and important part or feature of something (staple)6 involving or consisting of many people, things, or parts (multiple)7 expressing what you mean using clear and effective language (eloquent)8 used to describe a word that refers to one person or thing (singular)9 behaving in a very unfriendly or threatening way towards someone (hostile)10 to say or write words that someone else has said or written (quote)11 to give someone responsibility for an important job or activity (entrust)6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.1 Melanie got to her feet and made a eloquent defence of the rights of women in the workplace.2 There are a number of words in English, such as people, which although technically in the singularform, in actual fact denote a plural meaning.3 The dark suit is a staple of the businessman’s wardrobe, and I presume it will remain so for a long time.4 The hostile reception he got at the meeting is likely to undermine all the work that has been donerecently to improve relations between staff and management.5 Jason suffered multiple injuries in the accident, and we didn’t want to entrust an inexperienced surgeonwith the operation.6 I think that most world leaders in the next century will be women, but don’t quote me on that.7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the following words. You may need to makeother changes.1 Don’t forget to put on a bit of lipstick and mascara before you go out. (make-up)2 The candidate displayed a lack of seriousness which we felt was not appropriate to the position he wasapplying for. (frivolousness)3 I need to check my free dates in March before I can confirm whether I shall be able to attend theconference. (availability)4 He has an attractive smile which people find hard to resist. (alluring)5 This list of participants needs to be put into alphabetical order. (alphabetized)6 The first person officially suggested as general secretary had to withdraw due to ill health. (nominee)7 After the first remarks offering congratulations the atmosphere at the prize-giving ceremony turned sour.(congratulatory)8 The speaker made a comment which I found unfriendly and which meant the opposite of what he reallymeant. (sarcastic)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 Is a linguistic problem concerned with (a) words, or (b) figures?2 If you are disqualified from an event, do the organizers (a) allow you, or (b) refuse to allow you to takepart?3 Is rub likely to mean (a) a problem, or (b) a solution?4 If you have got myriad job offers, are you likely to be (a) concerned, or (b) optimistic about your future?5 If you let on about something to someone, do you (a) tell them about it, or (b) keep it a secret?6 If you duck something which has been thrown at you, does it (a) hit, or (b) miss you?7 If someone speaks to you in an uppity way, is their manner (a) superior, or (b) humble and polite?Reading and interpreting9 Answer the questions.1 From which field has the writer borrowed the term marked?The term marked is borrowed from linguistics.2 What are the differences between a “marked” and an “unmarked” word? An “unmarked” word is normal, common or neutral, while a “marked” one is noticeable or used in aparticular way or has a special meaning. Sometimes the unmarked one is positive and the unmarked onis negative.3 What is the difference between a “marked” and an “unmarked” appearance in the workplace?An “unmarked” appearance would be normal, neutral and common, so it isunlikely that anyone wouldcomment on it. A “marked” appearance would be different, particular andnoticeable because it wouldbe a contrast to all those with an unmarked appearance – people would belikely to comment on theperson with the marked appearance.4 Why is no make-up “marked” for women?Because many or most women wear some make-up. A woman wearing no make-up in a context where itis expected that make-up would be worn is noticeably different, so it is“marked”.5 How often do men wear “marked” clothes in the workplace?Not often or rarely.6 What is the connection between “marked” and “sexy”?Assuming that most women wear attractive and smart clothes, say in the workplace, this would beunmarked (among women), whereas if a woman wore sexy clothes (which for example were veryrevealing), this would be noticeable and “marked” (and inappropriate).In another context, the oppositemight be the case, say at a party where most women were dressed in a sexy manner, someone dressedsmartly and conservatively but not in a sexy manner would be “marked”.7 Why are women’s titles (Mrs, Miss and Ms) all marked?Because whichever choice a woman makes it tells people something more than their title: If they chooseMrs, they are married but perhaps conservative or traditional; if they choose Miss they are unmarriedbut perhaps also traditional; if they choose Ms, you don’t know whetherthey are married or not, but youdo know that they don’t want to give information about being married andthat they are more modern,liberated, rebellious or feminist. Men do not have to make any of these choices.8 In what sense are women’s surnames marked?In some English-speaking countries, say the US, married woman’s surname is marked becausetraditionally they take their husband’s surname as their married surname. So if a woman uses this name,it may signal that she is traditional or willing to adopt her husband’s identity. Some married women,especially in professions, continue to use their original surname from their own family, and then thisis “marked”– it may be a signal that they are modern, liberated, or wishto keep their own identity. Ofcourse, this is not a problem in Chinese and those other languages in which a married woman doesn’ttake her husband’s name.Language in usesay + something / nothing / a lot etc about1 Rewrite the sentences using say + something / nothing / a lot etc about .1 The boots she wears give a lot of information about her.The boots she wears say a lot about her.2 The way he talks about other people gives an indication of his personality.The way he talks about other people says something about his personality.3 The way she behaves doesn’t give any indication of her previous career. The way she behaves says nothing about her previous career.4 This statement is very revealing about the organization’s attitude to women.This statement says a lot about the organization’s attitude to women.5 This type of task gives some idea about the structure of the final examination.This type of task says something about the structure of the final examination.on + gerund2 Rewrite the sentences using on + gerund.1 When they checked the figures again, they realized there had been a mistake.On checking the figures again, they realized there had been a mistake.2 When she was asked, she said she would like to be known by her first name.On being asked, she said she would like to be known by her first name.3 When we investigated more completely, we made an important discovery. On investigating more completely, we made an important discovery.4 When they heard the news, most people reacted with offers to help. On hearing the news, most people reacted with offers to help.5 When people are accused of a crime they haven’t committed, most of them don’t know how to react.On being accused of a crime they haven’t committed, most people don’t know how to react.anything but3 Rewrite the sentences using anything but .1 The organizer of the conference was the opposite of helpful.The organizer of the conference was anything but helpful.2 The instructions you left were certainly not easy to follow.The instructions you left were anything but easy to follow.3 I felt extremely unsafe wearing those four-inch-high heels.I felt anything but safe wearing those four-inch-high heels.4 The weather last week was quite the opposite of warm and sunny.The weather last week was anything but warm and sunny.5 I think that attitudes towards women in the company where I work area long way from beingprogressive.I think that attitudes towards women in the company where I work areanything but progressive.other than4 Rewrite the sentences using other than .1 The only thing we do when the three of us meet is gossip.When the three of us meet we do nothing other than gossip.2 Men have no real alternative unless it is to wear a suit.Men have no real alternative other than to wear a suit.3 The only thing I wish to add is to say how much I have enjoyed the whole day.I have nothing to add other than to say how much I have enjoyed the whole day.4 They told her she didn’t have to do anything except sit quietly and look pretty.They told her she had nothing to do other than to sit quietly and look pretty.5 The only reason I have for being here is the free lunch.I have no reason to be here other than the free lunch. Collocations5 Match the adjectives in Column A with the nouns in Column B.A Bbright coloursconservative tastescorrect tonepopular beliefheavy make-uphighbrow subjectface value6 Complete the sentences with the collocations in Activity 5.1 Both of us have rather conservative tastes, so we’re unlikely to buy modern furniture.2 I’m afraid these bonds are worth a lot less than their face value.3 It’s not easy to find the correct tone in which to speak to new customers.4 I like wearing bright colours; I think they reflect my outgoing personality.5 Yesterday’s lecture was on such a highbrow subject that I couldn’t get interested.6 Why do they put such heavy make-up on people in television studios?7 The popular belief that men don’t cry is nonsense.7 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.Women can’t even fill out a form without telling stories about themselves. Most application forms nowgive four choices for titles. Men have one to choose –“Mr.”– so their choice carries no meaning otherthan to say they are male. But women must choose among three, each of them marked. A woman whochecks the box for “Mrs.” or “Miss” communicates not only whether she has been married but also thatshe has conservative tastes in forms of address, and probably other conservative values as well. Checking“Ms.” declines to let on about marriage (whereas “Mr.” declines nothing since nothing was asked), butit also marks the woman who checks it on her form as either liberated or rebellious, depending on theattitudes and assumptions of the one making the judgment.I sometimes try to duck these variously marked choices by giving my title as “Dr.”– and thereby riskmarking myself as either uppity (hence sarcastic responses like “Excuse me!”) or an over-achiever (hencereactions of congratulatory surprise, like “Good for you!”). （☞翻译时注意原文的语气，否则就可能不准确。

新标准大学英语综合教程4 Unit test 5 答案Part I: Vocabulary and StructureSection A: Complete the sentences using the correct words in the box.•stigma•animated•decidedly•etiquette•linguistic•entrusted•eloquent•availability•undermine•intellectual1.The poet gave an incredibly eloquentspeech and brought many people to tears.Your answer Correct answer eloquent eloquent2.What's the proper etiquetterequired for eating dinner with a prince?Your answer Correct answer etiquette etiquette3.My daughter shows a(n) intellectualcuriosity not usual for someone so young.Your answer Correct answer intellectual intellectual4.I like the debate team at school because we always have such animatedconversations.Your answer Correct answer animated animated5.What's your availabilityto go fishing next weekend?Your answer Correct answeravailability availability6.Her brother was entrustedwith their father's fortune after he passed away. Your answer Correct answer entrusted entrusted7. Sadly, my grandmother went through much of her life feeling like there was a(n)stigmaconnected to her skin color.Your answer Correct answerstigma stigma8.Don't question my decisions and underminemy authority in front of the other employees!Your answer Correct answer undermine undermine9.It's obvious that Kevin has amazing linguisticabilities since he's fluent in sixlanguages!Your answer Correct answerlinguistic linguistic10.The final score of the game was 20-3, making it a(n) decidedlyunfair competition.Your answer Correct answerdecidedly decidedlySection B: Choose the best way to complete the sentences.11. Even if I don't win the award, it's still an honor to be a(n) _____.a. applicantb. championc. nomineed. spectator12. I see parents of twins and triplets and I can't imagine having _____ children at once.a. multiplyb. doublec. individuald. multiple13. I'm one of two vice-presidents, and my _____ at the other office will be your main point ofcontact.a. counterpartb. supervisorc. subordinated. employee14. "Always be kind" is the _____ rule I expect my employees to live by.a. principleb. principalc. standardd. irrelevant15. His time in office was marked by _____ affairs and controversy.a. highbrowb. unemotionalc. scandalousd. unintended16. I became a partner in the law firm, _____ increasing my salary considerably.a. therebyb. herebyc. standbyd. passerby17. Choosing not to hire someone based on their race or sex is a textbook example of _____.a. discriminateb. discriminationc. discriminatoryd. discriminator18. Tony gets _____ if he drinks too much, and he's liable to hurt someone.a. peacefulb. hostilec. ambivalentd. apathetic19. What was the suspect's _____ to kill Gene?a. motivateb. motivatorc. motivationd. motive20. After all these years, I still _____ that it wasn't my fault.a. portendb. attendc. contendd. pretendSection C: Fill in each of the blanks with a suitable preposition or adverb.21.She entrusted me withmanaging the entire staff this week.Your answer Correct answer with with22.They managed to catch the opposing player offguard and score a goal.Your answer Correct answer off off23.Tony has been described asboth a lover and a hater.Your answer Correct answer as as24.Other thanthe occasional cup of tea, I never drink caffeine.Your answer Correct answerthan than25.I think it goes withoutsaying that I want to go to college.Your answer Correct answer without without26.Diane wrote an article to the effect thatmen and women were equal in all respects.Your answer Correct answer that that27.Let's rake overthe suspect's answers and see if we can find some clues.Your answer Correct answerover over28.Please fill outthese forms and have a seat; someone will be with you shortly.Your answer Correct answerout out29.Remember to take yard work intoaccount when you figure how much free time youhave this weekend.Your answer Correct answerinto into30.It's not a good idea to make sarcastic comments aboutyour previous boss during a jobinterview.Your answer Correct answerabout aboutPart II: Banked ClozeQuestions 31 to 40 are based on the following passage.It's very interesting that so many world cultures are (31)patriarchal, or based on thesuperiority of the father or husband. Why do you think this is so? There are a(n)(32)myriadof explanations, but many of them can be traced back to the basic(33)masculinestereotypes: strength, power, and dominance. Throughout history andaround the world, men have overpowered women due to their physical qualities.Yet how can we explain the handful of cultures that are actually (34)matriarchal, orbased on the superiority of the mother or wife? No one can (35)presumeto know theprecise reason for why they developed differently, but it is interesting to theorize. One particularly(36)revealingfact is that most of these cultures have a strong agricultural tradition and,hence, a strong female role in society.One of the major tenets of the (37)feminismmovement is that modern womenshould not be restricted by traditional roles and their subservient status in society. Women should notbelieve that their gender automatically (38)disqualifiesthem for the same rights andprivileges that men enjoy."Women have been taught that, for us, the earth is flat, and that if we venture out, we will fall offthe edge." This anonymous (39)quoteperfectly captures the essence of the modernfeminist movement. Elevating the female gender to be completely equal with men should be the(40)singularcause of everyone everywhere.Your answer Correct answer(31) patriarchal patriarchal(32) myriad myriad(33) masculine masculine(34) matriarchal matriarchal(35) presume presume(36) revealing revealing(37) feminism feminism(38) disqualifies disqualifies(39) quote quote(40) singular singularPart III: Reading ComprehensionQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.Language not only allows us to communicate our thoughts and ideas to others but also helps us understand the world and how others think. Words and ideas convey much more than the basic information we use them for. Our choice of words, examples, context, and grammatical structure all contribute to forming a picture of ourselves and our world view. However, language is not a neutral vehicle in the representation of reality, and the mere existence of non-sexist and feminist terms does not guarantee their usage.Many of the words and ideas we use in everyday speech are overtly coded with sexist or gendered understandings which distract from their true intent. The only way to truly create a neutral language is to eliminate all of the sexist, feminist, gender-encoded terms and replace them with new ones. However, even this is not a guarantee that the words will be used in the intended manner or even that the cultural understandings which are attached to the non-neutral terms will be changed. Sexist use of language can not, very feasibly, be changed simply through the replacement of certain words or terms. With the samecultural understanding in place, the new terms will only be appropriated to mean or signify the same thingas the old ones. There is inherent sexism in language.Language and cultural understanding are connected and have a reciprocating relationship. Anotherimplied sexist use of language is the tendency to refer to inanimate objects in English (with no grammatical gender) as gendered. This is seen in references to boats, planes, or cars as feminine. Perhaps the mostwidely-used example of this is the idea of Mother Nature. Historically, men have treated nature as they treat women—as something to be subdued, exploited, and admired. Our concepts of gender and the relation ofthose concepts to reality are reflected in our choice of words and referents.Language and our use of it are almost entirely entrenched in our understanding of the world.Therefore, commonly held beliefs about gender and the differences between men and women are reflectedin language use. When gender neutral or feminine terms are introduced into a society still dominated bymen, their intended neutrality is thwarted in actual usage. Indeed, if man equals human (linguistically and culturally), then man will always be the standard against which woman is measured.41. Which of the following would make the best title for this passage?A. The Neutrality of Language: Why Uninteresting Language is Sometimes BetterB. Language as a Mirror: How Our Words Reflect What We ThinkC. Gendered Language: How English Sets a Perfect ExampleD. The Culture of Language: Why We Think the Way We Do42. After reading this passage, what can you infer about the nature of language?A. The interpretation of language is largely a matter of semantics.B. There is tenuous connection between language and culture.C. Very few words have cultural and sexual connotations.D. Language is the primary vehicle people use to express cultural understanding.43. "Historically, men have treated nature as they treat women—as something to be subdued,exploited, and admired." This statement establishes a _____ to use language in a particular way.A. motiveB. stigmaC. myriadD. standard44. Which paragraph introduces a discussion of the sexist use of language?A. Paragraph 1.B. Paragraph 2.C. Paragraph 3.D. Paragraph 4.45. What is the main idea of this passage?A. Much of the language we use is sexist.B. Language allows us to communicate our thoughts.C. Language and culture are directly related.D. Many inanimate objects are given genders in speech.历史老照片不能说的秘密慈禧军阀明末清初文革晚清on on28.My ankle is still sore, so I'm afraid I'm going to have to sit out this game.Your answer Correct answeroutout29.The spare bedroom doubles asmy home office.Your answer Correct answerasas30.The presidents talked about, amongother things, the peace treaty between theircountries.Your answer Correct answeramongamongPart II: Banked ClozeQuestions 31 to 40 are based on the following passage.It is truly (31)shabbythat people nowadays don't know nearly enough aboutancient civilizations. In the Western world, the cultures of ancient Greece and Rome gave rise to the popular idea of (32)democracythat is central to many modern governments. Democraticgovernments sometimes are derided as a(n) (33)fallacyin today's world—manypeople don't feel as if they truly have a meaningful voice. However, there were cities (particularly in Greece) where the democratic ideal was born and every citizen truly had a powerful voice.Remarkably, we know this is the case because many documents have survived. Histo rians can verify their (34)mightby dating the paper, so we can (35)unhesitatinglydeclare that they are legitimate. Linguists are able to (36)decipherthe ancientlanguages used in the documents, and we are therefore able to benefit from the wis dom inscribed on those pages. In addition, researchers can use (37) archaeologyto uncover the physicalremains of ancient villages. We have discovered that homes were a uniform size and most people lived as relative equals.I find it truly (38)lamentableto hear people say that there's nothing we can learn fromhistory. Even if only a small (39)fragmentof the wisdom of ancient Greece survived untiltoday, we would be better off. Indeed, it is an amazing thing to realize that our (40) destinyas a people, our future, depends on our knowledge and understanding ofour past.Your answer Correct answer (31) shabby lamentable (32) democracy d emocracy (33) fallacy fallacy (34) might authenticity (35) unhesitatingly unhesitatingly (36) decipher decipher (37) archaeology archaeology (38) lamentable offensive (39) fragment fragment (40)destinydestinyPart III: Reading ComprehensionQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.Museums, as places of cultural significance, find their roots in the classical world. Anc ient Greece and Rome constructed and valued "museums," though they were largely centers of philosophical thought, rather than repositories of valuable objects. Neverth eless, the ancient world still had public collections of objects which resembled the mo dern concept of a museum. Greek temples and Roman forums often displayed gold a nd silver offerings, sculptures, and paintings.During the 15th century, the modern concept of museums came into fashion in Euro pe. During the following few centuries, museums such as the Ashmolean Museum, th e Vatican museums, the British Museum, and the Louvre were founded and opened. The first modern museums began as private collections of wealthy individuals who a massed extensive collections and then exhibited them for public viewing. The moder n museum has been described as "a product of Renaissance humanism, eighteenth-century enlightenment, and nineteenth-century democracy." These first museums were, however, rarely accessible to the pu blic beyond the upper classes.Until the 18th century, museums were chiefly concerned with collecting the beautiful and the curious, and this was often done for personal interests. During the 19th and 20th centuries, however, museums and cultural institutions proliferated throughout E urope and the United States. It was during this intense period of proliferation that th e concept of the museum as something more than just a storehouse for invaluable tr easures was developed. Museums began to dedicate themselves to collection, conser vation, preservation, and research. Natural history, science, and art museums becam e scholarly centers of academic research and thought. Once museums and other cult ural institutions became public, exhibition became a much more predominant concer n. Preexisting museum goals ., collection, conservation, and preservation) suddenly b ecame the means to procure interesting and desirable exhibitions.Museums in the United States developed slowly. Charles Wilson Peale founded his na tural history museum in the late 18th century in Philadelphia, and he is considered th e first great American museum director. In 1846, James Smithson made a bequest to the United States "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge" which led to the dev elopment of the Smithsonian Institution. The United States finally made itsmark on the development of the modern museum in 1870 with the founding of the A merican Museum of Natural History and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. Throughout the 20th century, museums and other cultural institutions began to focus on education. American museums, especial ly, are devoted to public education in their specific areas of expertise. Many such organizations have also transformed themselves into cultural centers with performing art s, music, and film presentations.41. Which of the following museums was the first to open?A. Metropolitan Museum of Art.B. Smithsonian Institution.C. British Museum.D. Peale's Natural History Museum.42. With which of the following statements would the author of this passage NOT ag ree?A. Museums in the classical world were very similar to museums in the 19th century .B. The modern museum developed over several hundred years.C. Modern museums have many priorities other than collecting.D. The earliest museums were only accessible to the wealthy.43. According to this passage, the modern concept of museums dates back to _____ .A. the classical worldB. the 15th centuryC. the 18th centuryD. the 20th century44. This passage is best described as _____.A. a first-person memoirB. a dramatic dialogueC. a persuasive essayD. a historical survey45. Modern museums tend to focus on all of the following EXCEPT _____.A. conservationB. philosophical thoughtC. preservationD. educationts, music, and film presentations.。

新世纪大学英语综合教程4 Unit 5 课后习题答案Checking Your VocabularyWord Detective：A/(1)e (2)d (3)g (4)a (5)c (6)h (7)b (8)f Working with Words and Expression:A/(1)fortune (2)dull (3)chased (4)launched (5)finance (6)reputation (7)liberty (8)publicity (9)sufficiently (10)sympathy (11)target (12)educate (13)commerce (14)alike (15)bored (16)audiences (17)regard (18)assureB/(1)thrown out (2)and so on (3)for dear life (4)dedicate himself to (5) was tired of (6)turn away (7)hang on (8)for the sake of Increasing your word power:A/automation housekeeper babysitter mass-productionbook-keeping self-destruction dry-cleaning window-shopping editor wordprocessorB/1.reached/secured 2.achieved/attained 3.attained/reached4.reach/secure5.achieved/realized/fulfilled6.fulfill/meet/satisfyC/1.dull petitive 3.same 4.momentary 5.specific6.sufficient7.cruel8.humble9.famous 10.reasonable Grammar Review:A/1.(real)subject 2.object to the verb "make" 3.predicate 4.attribute modifying "opportunity" 5.object complement 6.adverbial of purpose 7.adverbial of result 8.predicative 9.attribute modifying"person"10.independent elementB/1.To become a famous writer 2.to take traveler's checks 3.to employ a young engineer 4.take the machine apart 5.To understand the situation completely 6.to rise higher in position 7.to find that the train had left 10 minutes before 8.to apply for a known job opening 9.to make trouble 10.To be more exactCloze:1.chase 2.reputation 3.dedicate 4.reward 5.sufficiently 6.measured 7.assure 8.Momentary 9.celebrity 10.target 11.frank 12.liberty 13.illusory 14.regardTranslation:1.He attempted to save the enterprise which was on the verge of collapse but failed.2.The president has announced that he will not seek re-election at the end of his first term.3.The young teacher is skilled at motivating his students to study hard.4.She loves giving parties and does so whenever she can find an excuse.5.I'm afraid that you'll have to compete with at least fifty people for an administrative post in this company.6.To be frank,I don't think you stand a good chance of getting promoted even if you are loyal to the company.7.It was obvious that his speech aroused the sympathy of the audience for the victims of the earthquake.8.Though he has repeatedly assured me of his ability to promote our company's produce,I'll give him another interview before hiring him.9.The company's investment ended in failure due to the wrong strategic of the general manager and so the board of directors decided to throw him out.10.I know you are tired but try to hang on a little bit longer.We will reach the peak in half an hour.。