大学英语写作结构篇

大学英语四级写作技巧简介大学英语四级写作技巧简介之一——文章结构英文写作一直是学生们的弱项，四级考试将近，大家都很担心写作问题，在此我先简单介绍一下文章的结构问题，以后再谈其他方面。

四级写作一般以三段式展开，题目要求中通常包含三个要点，每个要点为一段（记住，一定要分段），第一段提出问题，第二段分析问题，第三段解决问题。

以历年的真题为例，2006年12月的题目为Spring Festival Gala on CCTV，要求：1。

许多人喜欢看春节晚会；2。

但有些人提出取消春节晚会；3。

我的看法。

“喜欢看春节晚会”是正常现象，应该作为问题的开端进行简短介绍，“有些人提出取消春节晚会”才是重点，必须给出相应的篇幅做详细阐述。

最后表明我的观点，其实就是问作者的态度及解决这个矛盾的方法。

又如2006年6月的题目：An Announcement for a Voluntary Program, 要求：1。

校学生会组织一次暑假志愿活动现招募志愿者；2。

本次志愿活动的目的、内容及安排；3。

报名条件和联系方式。

这仍是三段式的结构，第一段提出问题——告之大家会举办一次暑假志愿活动，第二段描述问题——介绍志愿活动的相关信息，第三段解决问题——怎样加入志愿活动（报名信息）。

往年还考过写简历，写演讲稿，论述社会现象等题目，总是跳不出三段式，因此学生们必须掌握如何写三段式作文。

总的来说有三点要注意：1。

开篇就得点题。

文章字数有限，必须采取开门见山的方法，但开篇点题并不是说第一段第一句话就得提出问题，在这之前可以有所修饰，有导入的成分，但不要太长，一般第三句就得清楚、突出地把问题点出来。

2。

中间段阐述必须清楚。

中间段是全文的核心部分，要做到阐述清楚，论证充分，要有一致性、连贯性和条理性。

一般由主题句和扩展句组成，主题句是观点的高度浓缩，应该言简意赅；扩展句是对主题句的详细阐述，应该做到理由充分，内容一致。

3。

结尾段进行总结，并提出解决问题的方法。

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大学四级写作中的复杂句与连接词运用大学英语四级写作是考察学生语言表达能力的一项重要考试内容。

为了提高写作水平，学生们需要注重复杂句的运用和恰当的连接词的使用。

本文将探讨大学四级写作中复杂句和连接词的应用技巧，并给出一些实用的例子。

一、复杂句的运用复杂句是指由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子。

通过使用复杂句，可以使句子结构更丰富、表达更准确、信息更全面。

以下是几种常用的复杂句结构：1. 定语从句：通过引导词如that, which, who等引入从句，来修饰名词或代词。

例子：The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.我从图书馆借的那本书非常有趣。

2. 状语从句：通过引导词如when, while, although, because等引入从句，来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。

例子：Although it was raining, we still went for a walk in the park.尽管下着雨，我们还是去了公园散步。

3. 名词性从句：通过引导词如that, whether, why等引入从句，来充当主语、宾语或表语。

例子：What he said made me feel surprised.他说的话让我感到惊讶。

4. 结果状语从句：通过引导词如so, such that等引入从句，来表达一个结果。

例子：I was so tired that I fell asleep as soon as I lay down.我太累了，一躺下就睡着了。

二、连接词的运用连接词是为了使句子与句子、段落与段落之间有机地连接起来，使文章结构更清晰、逻辑更紧密。

以下是几种常用的连接词：1. 表示因果关系的连接词：because, since, as, for等。

例子：I couldn't go to the party because I had to work overtime.我不能去参加晚会，因为我得加班。

大学英语考试作文万能模板英文回答：As we venture into the vast expanse of higher education, navigating the complexities of university life can be akin to embarking on a journey through uncharted territory. Amidst the intellectual challenges and social complexities, the pursuit of academic excellence often finds expression in the form of written assessments, particularly in language courses. To equip ourselves for this daunting task, particularly in the realm of English examinations, a thorough understanding of an effective essay-writing template becomes paramount.The cornerstone of an exceptional essay lies in its meticulous planning. Before embarking on the writing process, it is essential to meticulously analyze the prompt, deciphering its nuances and underlying expectations. Carefully consider the question's keywords and the specific aspects it demands you to address. With this understandingfirmly in place, you can proceed to craft a well-structured essay that comprehensively addresses the prompt's requirements.The introduction serves as the gateway to your essay, enticing the reader and setting the tone for the rest of your writing. Begin with a captivating hook, a thought-provoking question, or a startling statistic that grabs the reader's attention and compels them to delve deeper into your analysis. The hook should seamlessly transition into a concise thesis statement, a succinct articulation of your central argument or position on the topic.The body paragraphs constitute the backbone of your essay, where you present your arguments and evidence. Each body paragraph should focus on a specific subtopic or aspect of the prompt, developing and supporting your thesis statement. Employ a logical flow of ideas, transitioning smoothly between paragraphs to maintain coherence and guide the reader effortlessly through your analysis.Within each body paragraph, utilize a variety of sentence structures to enhance the rhythm and flow of your writing. Vary the length and complexity of your sentences, incorporating both simple and complex structures. Use transitional words and phrases to connect ideas and ensure a seamless progression of thought. Moreover, strive to incorporate specific examples, relevant case studies, or compelling anecdotes to illustrate your points and bolster your arguments.The conclusion is the culmination of your essay, where you summarize your main arguments and restate your thesis statement. However, a mere restatement is not sufficient; strive to offer a fresh perspective or a thought-provoking insight that leaves a lasting impression on the reader. Conclude with a strong closing sentence that resonates with the reader, leaving them with a sense of closure and a deeper understanding of the topic.中文回答：踏入高等教育的广阔领域，驾驭大学生活的复杂性就好比踏上未知领域的旅程。

问题解决型议论文*写作模式：1. 提出问题现象2. 分析问题产生的原因3. 提出解决方法或期望*常用句型问题陈述部分1.Nowadays, … has become a serious problem we have to face.2.With the development of modern industry, more and more people are concernedabout the problem of…3.Recently, the problem of … has aroused/captured/drawn/caught worldwide attention.4.Nowadays more and more people come to realize the importance of …5.It is undeniable/There is no denying the fact that… has become the utmost concernamong people nowadays.原因分析部分1.The reasons can be listed as follows. For one thing… For another…2.It is no easy job to find out the reasons for the problem, which involves severaldifferent factors. On the one hand… On the other hand… Finally…3.There are a variety of reasons for this phenomenon. One important reason is…What’s more… To make things worse,…问题解决部分1.People have figured out many ways to solve this problem. Firstly…Secondly…Finally…2.It is high time that we figured out ways to deal with the problem. Here are a fewexamples of some of the measures that might be taken immediately.3.There is no easy approach to this issue, but …might be of some help.4.No effective solution is at hand to tackle the problem, but the general awareness ofimportance of … must be enhanced at first.表达期望部分1.We do not have a perfect solution at present, but as long as we do it with our brainsand hands, we will resolve the problem eventually.2.As this problem is very complicated, people can hardly rely on one way to solve itcompletely.3.I am confident/positive/sure that a perfect solution will be found in future.4.I am looking forward to a day when people can live together in more harmony范文How to Eliminate Cheating on Campus1. 当前校园中存在许多作弊现象2. 解决这一问题的办法是……Nowadays. instead of listening attentively in class and working hard after class, a number of students adopt all kinds of dishonest methods to get high scores in examinations. It has become such a serious problem that it has aroused the concern from the whole society.To put an end to such a serious problem, in my opinion, it calls for the efforts from all sides. First of all, the university authority should make it clear that any cheating behaviors in the examinations, such as whispering and copying, receiving answers via mobile phones to asking others for help, will be severely punished with no exception. Moreover, teachers of all subjects should go all the way to restore honesty by setting an example for the youth through speaking sincerely and behaving truthfully. Last but not least, young students, the future of our nation, should view integrity诚实as the prerequisite先决条件to an upright诚实的and responsible citizen so as to learn to fight dishonest behaviors throughout the society.Only when all of us join in the efforts of eliminating消除cheating at alllevels can we expect to have a cleaner society and a more beautifulfuture.对立观点型：结构图引出话题/ \一种观点认为……另一种观点认为……↓我的观点（结论）⏹(一)点明文章主题的常用句式⏹When it come to ``````, opinions vary from person to person.⏹当谈到```````时,不同的人对此有不同的看法.⏹Different people have different views/perspectives/opinionson```````⏹不同的人对``````有不同的看法.⏹ 5. There is an argument/much disagreement/no consensus (n. 同感) of opinions among people concerning/over/as to /on``````⏹关于``````,人们的看法不尽相同.⏹ 6. The issue of whether….. or not has been widely/hotlyargued/debated.⏹关于是否要``````的话题,如今正在被广论/热烈地讨论.⏹(二)具体介绍两种对立式观点的常用句式⏹Some people suggest/maintain/hold the opinion that``````But/However/While/Nevertheless/Yet/other people hold a different point of view``````⏹有些人认为``````,但是另外一些人却持有不同的观点.⏹Some people are inclined to think that…On the contrary/Incontrast, there are still many people who won’t agree, and they claim…⏹一些人往往认为``````,但是仍然有些人对此表示异议,他们认为``````⏹When it comes to …some people think/believe that…whileothers argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true .⏹当谈及``````的时候,有些人认为``````,但是其他人却站在相反意见的一边.⏹Those who criticize/oppose to/object to…argue that…But peoplewho advocate/favor…,on the other hand, maintain/assert that…l ⏹那些批评/反对``````的人认为``````,但是赞成``````的人认为``````(三)陈述个人观点⏹ 1. As far as I am concerned/For my part, I would like to agree tothe former.⏹就我而言,我赞同前一种观点.⏹ 2. As to me , I agree to the latter opinion to certain extent.⏹就我而言,我比较同意后一种观点.⏹ 3. I’m in favor of……/I’m on the side of ……⏹我赞成``````⏹ 4. In my opinion, both sides are partly right when we……we shouldtake into consideration all aspects of the problems and then make the right decision.⏹我认为双方都有一定的道理. 当我们``````我们应该全面考虑问题,然后做出正确的决定参考文章:1. 有些人认为某些数字会带来好运。

大学英语万能作文模板英文回答：As a college student, I have encountered various situations and experiences that have shaped my perspective on life and learning. One of the most memorable experiences I had was when I joined a study abroad program in China. It was a challenging yet rewarding experience that allowed me to immerse myself in a new culture and language.During my time in China, I was able to make friends with local students and learn about their customs and traditions. I remember one particular experience when my Chinese friend invited me to his family's home for a traditional Chinese New Year celebration. I was amazed by the warmth and hospitality of his family, and I was able to participate in the traditional activities such as making dumplings and setting off fireworks. It was a truly unforgettable experience that gave me a deeper understanding of Chinese culture and traditions.In addition to the cultural experiences, studying abroad in China also improved my language skills. I was able to practice speaking Mandarin on a daily basis, and I soon became more confident in my ability to communicate in the language. This experience not only improved my language skills but also gave me a greater appreciation for the importance of language in connecting with people from different backgrounds.Overall, studying abroad in China was a valuable experience that broadened my horizons and allowed me to grow both personally and academically. It taught me the importance of embracing new experiences and stepping out of my comfort zone.中文回答：作为一名大学生，我经历了各种各样的情况和经历，这些经历塑造了我的人生观和学习观。

英语专业四级写作结构分析写作是英语专业四级考试中的一项重要内容，它要求考生满足一定的结构要求和语言表达要求。

下面，我们将分析英语专业四级写作的结构，并给出一些例子和技巧供考生参考。

一、引言段引言段是整篇文章的开端，用来引入话题，概述文章内容。

在英语专业四级写作中，引言段通常包括背景介绍、问题陈述和论文声明。

背景介绍：对于所要讨论的话题进行简要的背景介绍，给读者提供必要的背景信息。

问题陈述：明确指出本文要解决的问题或观点要点，突出文章的主题。

论文声明：表达个人观点，即本文的立场或研究目的。

二、主体段主体段是文章的核心部分，用来详细展开论点、论证观点。

英语专业四级写作中的主体段通常包括主题句、分论点、例子和论述。

主题句：概括性地提出本段的主题。

分论点：围绕主题句展开论述，列举具体的分论点。

例子：提供具体的例子、数据或事实来支持每个分论点。

论述：对例子进行详细的解释和分析，说明例子与论点之间的关系，强调其证据性和说服力。

三、结论段结论段是文章的总结和回顾，用来对整篇文章进行归纳、总结和发展的地方。

英语专业四级写作中的结论段通常包括总结观点、给出建议或呼吁。

总结观点：对文章的主要观点进行简要总结，重新强调核心信息。

给出建议或呼吁：结合文章的主题，提出具体的建议或呼吁，引发读者对话题的思考和讨论。

四、例子和技巧为了让读者更好地理解英语专业四级写作结构分析，下面我们提供几个例子和一些技巧供考生参考。

例子一：话题为"大学生兼职工作"的文章结构分析引言：介绍大学生兼职工作的背景及其影响- 背景介绍：现代大学生面临经济压力，需通过兼职工作来解决经济问题。

- 问题陈述：大学生兼职工作是否有利于其学习和发展？- 论文声明：本文将分析大学生兼职工作对其学习和发展的影响。

主体段：分析大学生兼职工作的优点和缺点- 优点1：提高学生的实践能力- 分论点1：锻炼学生的工作技能- 例子：通过兼职工作，学生可以学到实际工作中的技能，提高自身的竞争力。

英语专业学生英语议论文的语步结构分析李谦【摘要】Argumentative writing has long been regarded as an essential mode of written discourse. How-ever, argumentative writing is a difficult type of text for students, especially for non-native learners. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the current situation of move-step structure of argumentative essays written by English majors in an EFL context. The corpus of English argumentative essays written by 100 Eng-lish major students in a university were built. A selected analytic framework was used to analyze the move-step structure of the essays. Results revealed that the majority of the argumentative essays were found to follow the three stages set in the model. Findings also showed the occurrence of two new moves that does not exist in the selected model. In the conclusion, pedagogical implications informed by these results and findings are offered to benefit teaching argumentative essay writing.%英语议论文一直以来被认为是书面语篇中一种基本的文本模式。

大学英文模板作文格式英文：As a college student, I believe that the format of an English essay should include an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. The introduction should provide a brief overview of the topic and state the thesis statement. The body paragraphs should provide supporting evidence and examples to back up the thesis statement. Finally, the conclusion should summarize the main points and restate the thesis statement.In addition, I think it's important to use proper grammar and vocabulary when writing an English essay. This includes using a variety of sentence structures, avoiding slang and colloquialisms, and using academic language when appropriate.However, it's also important to remember that writing in English can be challenging for non-native speakers.Therefore, it's important to seek help from professors or tutors if needed. In addition, practicing writing and reading in English can also improve language skills.中文：作为一名大学生，我认为英文论文的格式应该包括引言、主体段落和结论。

英语四级作文写作模版加句型结构第一篇：英语四级作文写作模版加句型结构万能开头公式：1．开头万能公式一：名人名言有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？”，很好办：编！原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦！而且没准将来我们就是名人呢！对吧？经典句型：A proberb says, “ You are only young once.”（适用于已记住的名言）It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.（适用于自编名言）更多经典句型：As everyone knows, No one can deny that… 2．开头万能公式二：数字统计原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。

原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。

所以不妨试用下面的句型：According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造： Honesty 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。

Travel by Bike 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。

Youth 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。

Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。

大学英语作文写作技巧1.大学英语作文写作技巧1.认真审题立意文章要有清晰的主题，必须具备四个条件：准确、清晰、深刻和集中。

以作文“The English teacher I Admire Most”为例，文章的主题是关于记叙我最欣赏的一位英语老师，因而就不能泛泛谈论老师这一职业或自己的几位老师。

2. 起草大纲文章布局有三件事要做：安排好层次段落，铺设好过渡，处理好开头和结尾。

如果命题作文中有提示句，还要从提示句的关键词开始，围绕关键词展开思维，发挥联想，记录想到的东西。

提示句的关键词可以是一个句子或一个单词短语，也可以是英语或汉语。

3.写出主题句，理清文章脉络一篇短文的段落一般分为引导段、主题段和结尾段，每段的主题句都很重要。

主题句是作者思考的出发点，是切题的准绳，也是论述的对象。

当看到主题句时，读者就会对这段话所讲的内容有所了解。

段落的主题句通常是语法结构完整、内容概括、用词简洁明了的单句，通常放在段落的开头，这样可以使文章的结构更清晰，更有说服力。

4.参考提纲，紧扣主题句有了段落主题句之后，还需要跟随段落主题句的方向，参考提纲中的思路，从而完成每个段落。

引导段要能够吸引读者的注意力和兴趣，为主题段铺路架桥。

主题段应该围绕文章和段落的主题展开。

展开方法包括顺序法、举例法、比较法、对比法、说明法、因果法、推导法、归纳法，和下定义等。

2.大学英语作文写作技巧一、审题我们拿到作文后第一件事要做的是审题。

审题的作用在于写作不跑题( 如果跑题, 条理和语言再好, 也得不到及格分, 甚至0 分。

) 审题就是要审作文的体裁和题材。

因为什么样的体裁就会用什么样的题材去写。

就四级而言,它包括议论文、说明文和描述文。

从近些年来看, 四级作文不是单一的体裁, 而是几种体裁的杂合体。

二、组织结构通过审题, 我们知道了写作的思路, 下边就是怎样组织文章。

文章的结构一般包括开头、正文、结尾3 部分。

就四级作文而言, 多为三段式论说文: 第一段为开头, 点题开篇; 第二段为正文, 展开论述; 第三段为结尾, 总结全文,作出结论。

英语写作5大类型结构分析（附写作模板）在英语考试中，英语大作文主要可以分为这五种类型。

● 现象解释型● 问题解答型● 观点论证型● 观点对比型● 图表漫画型每种作文类型都有不一样的写作思路，考生明确题目属于哪种类型后，可以用相应的思路及模板迅速成文。

现象解释型题目一般反映出社会中的某一现象或问题，如环境保护、文化融合、网络问题、留学热、人口增长等。

这种作文的模板通常为：● 开头段：介绍现象或通过描述图画点题；no one can fail to notice the fact that an increasing number of Chinese are fond of celebrating some Western festivals today. For instance, on Valentine’s Day, many people give flowers or chocolate to the one they love. 网课代修● 正文段：解释这种现象产生的原因或含义；there are two reasons for the improvement in peoples living conditions. in the first place, we have been carrying out the reform and opening-up policy. secondly, there has been a rapid expansion of our national economy. furthermore, the birth rate has been put under control.● 结尾段：呼应前文，总结并评价主题或预测未来，也可提出建议。

today an increasing number of people have realized that laweducation is of great importance. in order to keep law and order, every one of us is supposed to get a law education.问题解答型该类作文通常提出一急需解决的社会问题，如环境污染、养老问题、能源危机、人才流失、食品安全、假冒伪劣产品等问题。

大学英语书信作文开头结构English: When writing a letter in college English, it is important to start with a formal salutation followed by an introduction of oneself and the purpose of the letter. The opening should be concise and clear, providing the recipient with a clear understanding of the content that will be covered in the following text. It is also essential to consider the tone of the letter and adjust the language accordingly based on the relationship between the sender and the recipient. Additionally, including any relevant background information or context can help set the stage for the main points of the letter. Lastly, it is a good practice to express gratitude or appreciation towards the recipient for taking the time to read the letter.中文翻译: 在大学英语书信中，重要的是以正式的称呼开头，接着介绍自己以及写信的目的。

开头要简明扼要，清晰地向接收者说明接下来要涵盖的内容。

英文作文基本结构英文，The basic structure of an English essay typically includes an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. In the introduction, you should present the topic and provide some background information to engage the reader. This could be done through a hook, such as a quote or a question, followed by a thesis statement that outlines the main points you will discuss in the essay.In the body paragraphs, you will develop your ideas and provide evidence to support your thesis. Each paragraph should focus on a single idea and include supporting details, examples, and explanations. It's important to use transition words and phrases to ensure a smooth flow between paragraphs and to help the reader follow your argument.Finally, the conclusion should restate the thesis and summarize the main points of the essay. You can also offer some final thoughts or suggest further research or actionrelated to the topic.中文，英文作文的基本结构通常包括引言、主体段落和结论。

篇一：英语作文结构一、段落写作写作的过程包括选词、造句、组段和成篇。

四级作文的写作也同样遵循这一规律。

但四级考试的写作囿于篇幅的限制，从严格意义上说是凝练的段落写作。

段落是由彼此关联的表达相对单一中心思想的一组句子构成，它是一篇文章或书中某一章节的基本构成部分，也是文章结构的基本独立部分。

段落由若干个句子组成，通常表达一个中心思想。

因此，段落不能由一组句子随意堆砌而成，而是应当符合一定的模式和具有某些基本特征，并遵循一定的段落发展方法。

大学英语的写作重点就要从选词造句转到联句成段和联段成篇上。

进行段落层次上的写作训练，是写好文章的关键所在。

段落由主题句、扩展句和结尾句三部分构成。

主题句主题句是介绍某一段落主要内容的句子，通常是一个概括性的陈述(a general statement)。

主题句把纷繁的现象通过简练的文字用一句话扼要地指出这一段落的中心内容。

主题句在开头是最常用的做法，这样读者和作者都非常容易进入段落的主题。

写作时不断地对照主题句，可以让作者避免把不相关的内容写入这一段落；主题句放的中间，多出现于作者对两件事情作比较时，说明两者如何相象，又如何不同；主题句出现在段落的末尾，往往是作者为创造一种悬念而有意安排的，目的是让读者继续读下去，可以在读者心目中留下一个深刻的印象。

扩展句扩展句是段落主题句的延伸和发展，起着辅助主题句和拓展段落中心的作用。

它对主题句的中心思想或者举例说明，或者详细解释和论证。

扩展句一般由几个或十几个意思连贯的句子组成。

扩展句应具有清晰翔实、条理分明的特点。

结尾句结尾句就是总结段落的句子，它在段落中起着非常重要的作用，它用一句话将段落内容进行归纳总结，对全段中心思想作出精炼的浓缩。

因为段落的内容是说明主题的，因此结尾句常和段落主题句呼应，或者说是主题句的再现，并与扩展句相关联。

结尾句可以用不同的方法再现主题，有时甚至就是段落的主题句。

但有时在一段文章中，尤其是较短的段落中，只有主题句，而没有结尾句；而当主题句位于段尾时，主题句就是结尾句。

⼤学英语写作中的平⾏结构⼤学英语写作中的平⾏结构所谓平⾏结构（parallelism），就是把⼀个句⼦逻辑上应属于同⼀句法成分的并列事物⽤相同的结构来表达。

平⾏结构的使⽤是⼀种修辞⼿法，它不仅能使⽂章节奏匀称，⽽且能起篇章纽带作⽤，这种修辞⼿段运⽤得好，能使你的语句表意明确，层次清楚，读之产⽣⼀种和谐的感觉。

本⽂拟将这⼀修辞⼿法向读者作以简析，旨在提⾼学⽣英⽂写作的造句能⼒。

⾸先让我们来分析⼀道在TOEFL考题中的改错题：鶷he high school graduate，if he（A）is eighteen or nineteen，has（B）these alternatives （C）：attendingcollege，finding a job，or the army（D）．本⽂中的错误是（D），因为它不符合英语修辞学中的平等性原则。

我们可以看出句中alternatives后⾯分别跟着（1）attending college（2）finding a job（3）the army，都是对alternatives的具体说明，逻辑上应属于同⼀成分的并列事物，可是（1）（2）⽤的是动宾结构，⽽（3）却⽤了the army这个名词，即⽤了⼀（2）不同的结构，改正的办法是将the army改为动宾结构joining the army，个与（1）以与（1）（2）结构平⾏。

所以，平⾏结构的使⽤既是⼀种语法⼿段，也是⼀种词汇⼿段，既有词汇平⾏（word with word），也有短语平⾏（phrase with phrase）和从句平⾏（clause with clause），同时平⾏结构可以表达句⼦的各种成分。

现分别阐释如下：⼀、主语1．Knowing how to study and learning how to budget time are important for college students．懂得怎样学习，学会合理⽀配时间是⼤学⽣应予重视的问题。