可变占空比方波发生器的设计与应用

摘要方波发生器在我们的学习生活中具有广泛的应用。

在实验室中我们经常将方波作为信号源应用到各种电路中，同样在生活中，一些电子、电气设备的控制模块也需要方波，因此对于方波的产生与控制的研究具有现实意义。

本文研究了可变占空比方波发生器的电路原理及组成结构，利用Multisim仿真工具进行电子电路的设计和仿真分析，并利用最终的设计方案进行简单应用分析。

主要采用模拟电路、数字电路以及数模结合的方式进行设计，其中模拟电路主要是利用迟滞电压比较器，数字电路主要是利用555定时器。

另外对于所设计电路产生方波信号占空比的改变，主要是通过控制电路中电阻R参数来相应进行调节。

最终设计出集成运放电路方波发生器、555定时器方波发生器、555定时器+集成运放方波发生器三种设计方案。

综合比较三种方案的优缺点，最终确定555定时器+集成运放方波发生器最为合适进行应用，并设计出LED灯光控制器、四相激励电机电路调速控制器、断线报警器等应用。

关键词：Multisim，方波发生器，占空比，迟滞电压比较器，555定时器ABSTRACTSquare wave generator has widely used in our study and life. In the lab, we often make square wave as signal source that is applied to various circuits. Meanwhile, some of the electrical and electronic equipment control module also need the square wave signal in our life. So, the research on the engendering and controlling of square wave has practical significance. This paper discusses the circuit’s principle and structure about the square wave generator of variable duty cycle, and the Multisim simulation tools is used to design electronic circuit and analyze simulation experiment result. Besides, the final design is used to make some simple application analysis. The paper mainly adopts artificial circuit, digital circuit and digilogue circuit. Artificial circuits mainly use the hysteresis voltage comparator, and the digital circuit mainly use the 555 timer. In addition, the circuit of design generates a square wave signal whose duty cycle is adjusted by the parameter of resistance R. Finally, I design three kinds of plans which comprise the square wave generator of integrated operational amplifier , the square wave generator of 555 timer and the square wave generator of integrated operational amplifier + 555 timer. Comparing the advantages and disadvantages of three kinds of solutions, I choose a design that is the square wave generator of integrated operational amplifier + 555 timer to make some applications. Finally, I design three applications which comprise LED lights controller, four-phases speed of motor controller and wire break alarm.Key words:Multisim, square wave generator, duty cycle, the hysteresis voltage comparator, 555 timer目录1绪论 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11.1 课题的背景 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11.2 课题研究的现状与意义 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11.3 课题研究的内容与难点 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 Multisim 软件的介绍----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32.1 Multisim简介------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32.2 Multisim 软件发展----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32.3 Multisim 软件特点----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32.4 Multisim 软件的电路设计应用----------------------------------------------------------------------- 42.5 Multisim 软件的教学应用 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 52.6 Multisim 电路仿真步骤---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 63 电路方案的设计 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 73.1 集成运放电路方波发生器-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 73.2 555定时器方波发生器 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 93.3 555定时器+集成运放方波发生器 ------------------------------------------------------------------ 124 可变占空比方波发生器的仿真设计---------------------------------------------------------------- 144.1 集成运放电路方波发生器的仿真设计------------------------------------------------------------ 144.2 555定时器方波发生器的仿真设计 ---------------------------------------------------------------- 174.3 555定时器+集成运放方波发生器的仿真设计 ------------------------------------------------ 195 可变占空比方波发生器的应用 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 235.1 应用一：LED灯光控制器------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 235.2 应用二：四相激励电机电路调速控制器 -------------------------------------------------------- 235.3 应用三：断线报警器------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 266 结论 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27 参考文献------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 28 致谢 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 291绪论1.1 课题的背景方波作为一种信号源，在我们的日常生活中经常用到。