摘 要：本文在全面调研国内外活性炭标准的基础上，选取活性炭理化性能、吸附性能等指标，开展活性炭标准重点性能指标和关键指标比对。
为改善国内活性炭分析方法不全、指标不全的现状，根据比对结论，从标准角度为活性炭产业提出发展建议。
关键词：活性炭，理化性能，标准比对DOI编码：10.3969/j.issn.1674-5698.2023.11.015Comparative Analysis of Domestic and Foreign Standardsfor Activated CarbonLI Jing 1 LI Jing 1* WANG Yi-jing 2 SUN Hong-jun 1（1. China National Institute of Standardization; 2. Sichuan Institute of Standardization ）Abstract: Based on a comprehensive investigation of domestic and foreign activated carbon standards, this paper selects indicators such as physical and chemical properties and adsorption performance of activated carbon, and makes a comparison of key performance indicators and key indicators of activated carbon standards. In order to improve the incomplete analysis methods and indicators for activated carbon in China, based on comparison conclusions, it gives suggestions for the development of the activated carbon industry from a standard perspective.Keywords ：activated carbon, physical and chemical properties, standards comparison活性炭国内外标准比对分析研究李 菁1 李 景1* 王艺静2 孙红军1（1.中国标准化研究院；2. 四川省标准化研究院）基金项目：本文受国家科技图书文献中心（NSTL ）项目“新能源重点产业标准化发展趋势研究—太阳能产业”（项目编号：252022Z - 9819）和外交部亚洲合作资金项目“澜沧江—湄公河国家标准互联互通平台研究”（项目编号：25A0001-2023）资助。
工厂周围胱氨酸制造业排出物引起的地下水污染摘要：已经对胱氨酸制造工业排出物对地下水造成的潜在污染进行了评价。
结果预测说一部分经处理储存在污泥储留地的的胱氨酸工业排放物具有高浓度的无机物和可溶有机物。
这些排放物的弥散作用引起了地下水污染，损害了地下水质量。
关键字：人类毛发·胱氨酸—制造业排放物·地下水污染引言Srinivasa胱氨酸制造业生产胱氨酸，它是组成人体毛发基本原料的一种氨基酸。
此制造业运作系统由与酸的水解过程，与强碱的沉淀过程，活性炭和黏土的净化过程，冲蚀作用和离心作用等过程组成，这些作用过程通常是以水作为中介进行。
所需最终产品会被分离出来，而过量的初始反应物以及不必要的中介产物将被排放到工厂的排水沟。
职工生活污水是工厂废水的另一个来源。
废水酸度较高，同时易挥发物，悬浮固体，BOD，COD及氯化钠含量也较高。
估计废水来源量为35000升/天（Niranjan and Kotaiah 1993）。
工厂一般利用中和作用，凝结作用，净化作用处理污水，还可利用活性淤泥对污水进行生物处理。
最终排放物会被储存在地下的污泥储留地。
自从1984年，污泥地排放物因渗滤作用进入地下，已经造成了大面积的地下水污染。
毗邻工厂的农学家论证了他们的灌溉井已被工厂排出物所污染，并多次提出抗议，要求关闭此制造业。
在这篇文章中作者提供了工厂周围地下水污染的调查研究结果。
工作方法应用电阻率法对土壤剖面进行初始调查研究，应用井观测研究地下水运动规律，这已可以实现（Karanth 1987）。
各井与工厂站点间距利用测链与罗盘测量确定。
从污泥储存地收集了一些排出物的样品，以便分析确定渗滤进入地下水的污染物的性质。
季风前后期间从工厂周围20口挖掘井中取地下水样品（Fig.1），对其用标准方法进行了分析，分析结果用化学参数表示（APHA,AWWA,WPCF,1995）。
Ca2+,Na+,和K+含量用火焰光度计测定。
awwa m11标准-回复the following questions: "What is the AWWA M11 standard? How is it used in the water industry? What are its key components? How has it evolved over the years? And what are its future prospects?"Title: AWWA M11 Standard: Guiding the Water Industry Towards ExcellenceIntroduction:The American Water Works Association (AWWA) M11 standard plays a crucial role in ensuring the efficiency and sustainability of the water industry. This article aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the AWWA M11 standard, its significance, and its evolution over the years. Additionally, it will discuss the key components of the standard and its future prospects.I. Understanding AWWA M11 Standard:The AWWA M11 standard, also known as the Steel Water Pipe: A Guide for Design and Installation, is a comprehensive document that provides guidelines for the design, manufacturing, installation, and maintenance of steel water pipes used in waterutilities. It is widely regarded as an industry-leading standard and is used by engineers, consultants, and utility operators across the United States.II. Importance of AWWA M11 Standard:The AWWA M11 standard ensures the safe and efficient delivery of potable water to communities. It establishes best practices for the design and installation of steel water pipes, taking into account factors such as materials, pressure ratings, corrosion protection, and jointing methods. Compliance with the AWWAM11 standard enhances the longevity, reliability, and cost-effectiveness of water distribution systems.III. Key Components of AWWA M11 Standard:1. Design Considerations: The AWWA M11 standard provides detailed guidance on designing steel water pipes, considering factors such as pressure, hydraulic challenges, soil conditions, and structural requirements.2. Materials and Manufacturing: The standard outlines specifications for steel pipe materials, including grades, thicknesses, and coating requirements. It emphasizes the importance of quality control during manufacturing processes.3. Installation Practices: The AWWA M11 standard offers procedures for surface preparation, trenching, bedding, backfill, and pipe handling during installation. It includes guidelines for jointing methods, such as welding, flanging, and mechanical connections.4. Maintenance and Rehabilitation: The standard addresses inspection, cleaning, and maintenance requirements for steel water pipes. It also offers guidance on various rehabilitation techniques, including lining, coating, and cathodic protection.IV. Evolution of AWWA M11 Standard:Since its initial release in 1940, the AWWA M11 standard has undergone several updates and revisions to adapt to technological advancements and industry standards. It has evolved to include improved design methodologies, updated material specifications, and enhanced maintenance practices. The standard has also incorporated environmental considerations, such as sustainable coatings and recycling methods, to align with industry trends and regulatory requirements.V. Future Prospects:The AWWA M11 standard is expected to continue evolving as thewater industry embraces innovation and confronts new challenges. Future revisions may focus on incorporating advanced pipe materials and construction techniques, addressing emerging issues like climate change resilience, and incorporating digital technologies for monitoring and asset management. The standard will also likely provide guidelines for the integration of smart grids, IoT devices, and data analytics to optimize water distribution systems.Conclusion:The AWWA M11 standard has played a pivotal role in shaping the water industry by providing comprehensive guidelines for the design, manufacturing, installation, and maintenance of steel water pipes. Its continuous evolution ensures that the water industry keeps pace with technological advancements, environmental considerations, and emerging challenges. By adhering to the AWWA M11 standard, the water industry can achieve excellence in delivering safe and sustainable water supplies to communities across the United States.。
AWWA C210 Liquid-Epoxy Coating Systems for the Interi or and Exterior of SteelAWWA Standard AWWA标准This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally contained in specifications. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA publication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. AWWA standards are intended to represent a consensus of the water supply industry that the product described will provide satisfactory service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed on the first page of the classified advertising section of Journal AWWA. The action becomes effective on the first day of the month following the month of Journal AWWA publication of the official notice.此文件是美国自来水厂（AWWA）标准，不是规范。
