英语构词通常包括六种方法：转化法、派生法、合成法、混合法、截短法和首尾字母结合法。
一、英语词汇构词法之【转化法】英语构词法中把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法，有的名词可以作动词，有的形容词可以作副词或动词。
1.动词转化为名词1）意思没有变化，例如：I think we'd better finish the talk now.我想我们的谈话最好现在结束。
2）意思有一定变化，例如：He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。
3）构成短语，例如：Let's have a look first. 我们先看一下吧。
2.名词转化为动词1）表示物体的，如：Have you booked the ticket?你订好票了吗?2）表示身体部位的，如：Hand in your papers please.请把你们的试卷交上来。
3）表示一类人的，如：She nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。
4）抽象名词，如：We breakfasted together.我们在一起吃了早餐。
3.形容词转化为动词少数形容词可以转化为动词。
例如：We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
4.副词转化为动词有少数副词可以转化为动词。
例如：Murder will out.恶事终必将败露。
5.形容词转化为名词1）表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词，如：The girl in black appears very beautiful.那个穿黑衣服的女孩子看上去非常漂亮。
2）一些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数，如：We don't belong to the rich, but we dong't belong to the poor either. 我们不是有钱人但我们也不是穷人。
英语词语的构成方式
英语词语可以分为两类构成方式：派生和合成。
1. 派生：通过在词根或词干前或后加上前缀或后缀来构成新的词语。
派生的方式主要有以下几种：
- 前缀：例如un-，dis-，re-等。
- 后缀：例如-able，-ful，-ly等。
- 前后缀都有：例如un- + happy = unhappy，de- + cide + -ion = decision。
2. 合成：通过两个或多个词根或词汇组合而成的新词语。
合成的方
式主要有以下几种：
- 叠词：例如boom boom，tick tock。
- 两个词组合：例如blackboard，bookcase。
- 三个或更多词组合：例如high school student，global warming。
除了以上的构词方式之外，英语词汇还有一些特殊的构词方式，如
缩略词（例如NASA，UN），新造词（例如googling，selfie）和借
词（例如piano，chopsticks）。
造词方式及其类型
造词方式是指以不同的方式创造新的词汇，从而满足语言表达的需要。
常见的造词方式有以下几种：
1. 组合法：将两个或更多已有的词汇结合在一起构成新词。
如：汽车、照相机。
2. 缩略法：将一个词或多个词的一部分缩略成一个词。
如：TV、VIP、CEO。
3. 借词法：从其它语言中借用词汇来构成新词。
如：沙发、卡拉OK、网络。
4. 派生法：根据已有的词汇加上前缀、后缀等形成新的词汇。
如：可持续性、美食家、健康化。
5. 构词法：根据语言规则，用字母、音节等组合构成新词。
如：人造肉、防雾霾。
以上是常见的造词方式，它们可以组合运用，创造出更多新词汇。
根据词汇的构成形式，可以将造词分为实词和虚词两类。
实词有具体的意义和概念，如名词、动词、形容词等；虚词则没有具体的意义和概念，如连词、副词、介词等。
词的六种构成方式词的六种构成方式★1. 词缀法(affixation)：派生法(derivation)的一种，利用词缀(词根加前缀和后缀)构成新词。
Affixation (Derivation) -- the formation of words by adding word affixes to a root. (derivative派生词)According to their position, affixation falls into: prefixation and suffixation. Prefixation -- the formation of new words by adding prefixes to roots. It does not change the word-class of the stem but change its meaningSuffixation --Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to roots. Change the grammatical function of roots (the word class). Suffixes can be grouped on a grammatical basis.Prefixes --- Prefixes are affixes that come before the word, such as, pre+war, sub+sea Suffixes --- suffixes are affixes that come after the word, for instance, blood+y.★2.转类法(conversion): 无须借助词缀(零位派生)即由一种词类转化为另一种词类。
例：名词转化为动词He bused to the city.动词转化为名词He likes a quiet smoke after supper.形容词转化为名词There is only one black in my class.He was knocked out in the first round. (n.)Round the number off to the nearest tenth. (v.)The neighbors gathered round our barbecue. (prep.)The moon was right and round. (adj.)People came from all over the country round. (adv.)Conversion (zero-derivation, functional shift) --Conversion is the formation of new words by converting words of one class toanother class. These words are new only in a grammatical sense. The most productive is between nouns and verbs.A change of grammatical functionThe different range of meaning①Conversion to nouni. Verb to noun-almost all monomorphemic verbs can be used as nouns.have a look/ try/smoke, take a walk/ glance/shower,make a move/ guess/ offer/ attempt, give a cry/ start/ shudderflow over---overflow, break out---outbreak, take in---intake1) doer of the action: cheat( one who cheats), cook, coach, flirt, help2) result of the action: catch ( what is caught), find, reply, reject, import3) tool or instrument to do the action with: cover (used to cover something), wrap, cure4) place of the action: pass ( where one has to pass), walk ( a place for walking), dump, divide, turn, retreat, hide-out5) state of mind or sensation: doubt, want, desire, love, taste6) event or activity: search, laugh, attempt, release, shut-down, intake, outbreakii. Adjective to noun (full conversion, partial conversion)1. Words fully converted-a noun converted from an adjective has all the characteristics of nouns. It can take an identical article or –e(s).E.g. a white, a liberal, finals, a given, a drunknative--- two natives, the native’s language, young marrieds, newly-weds2. Words partially converted–do not possess all the qualitiesa noun does. They must be used together with definite articles. They retain some of the adjective features. Words of this class generally refer to a group of the kind.E.g. the poor, the rich, the sick, the wealthy, the wounded, the accused, the sublimethe comparatively rich, the very unfortunate, the most corrupt of them all3. Miscellaneous conversion: nouns from conjunctions, modals, finite verbs, prepositions,etcE.g. Would you like a with or a without? 要不要人陪你？Better to be an also-ran than a never-was. 宁做失败者，不当平庸人。
