初中英语现在完成时详解

第1页，共5页 如今完成时 【1 】

一.如今完成时组成

组成：如今完成时由助动词have + 曩昔分词组成,助动词have 有人称和数的变更.第三人称单数用has,其余用have.

如今完成时的否认式直接在助动词后面加上not.疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前.以study 为例,其否认式.疑问式和简略答复情势如下：

否认式 疑问式

I have not (haven’t) studied…. Have I studied…?

You have not (haven’t) studied…. Have you studied…?

He has not (hasn’t) studied…. Has he studied…?

否认疑问式 简略答复（肯定/否认）

Have I not (Haven’t I) studied…? Yes, you have. No, you haven’t.

Have you not (Haven’t you) studied…? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.

Has he not (Hasn’t he) studied…? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.

二.如今完成时用法

1.如今完成时平日暗示在措辞之前已经完成的动作或消失的状况.措辞人强调的是该动作或状况对如今的成果或影响.

My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去.

I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面.

She has arrived. 她到了.

2.暗示中断到如今的动作或状况,往往和包含如今在内的暗示一段时光的状语连用,如recently,

already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等.如：

I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信.

We haven’t seen you recently. 比来我们没有见到你.

They have been away for two years. 他们分开已经两年了.

She has been with us since Monday.

①for+时段

第2页，共5页 ②since+曩昔一个时光点（译为：自从……以来）

③since+时段+ago

④since+从句（曩昔时）

⑤It is+时段+since+从句（曩昔时）

Mary has been ill for three days.

I have lived here since 1998.

留意：

since和for的差别

since后接时光点,如1993,last term, yesterday, the time I got there

for后接一段时光,暗示“长达多久”,如ten years, a while, two days等.

3.暗示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等,在完成时当中不克不及和暗示一段时光的状语连用,因为它们暗示的动作不成能中断.是以,不克不及说：

He has come here for 2 weeks. ×

The old man has died for 4 months. ×

They have left only for 5 minutes. ×

4.has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的差别

Have/Has gone(to) :去了(如今不在措辞现场,可能在路上和已经到)

Where is your father?He has gone to Shanghai.

Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）

My father has been to Shanghai.

Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）

My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.

5.如今完成时不克不及和暗示曩昔的时光状语连用,如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days

ago, just now, when I came in,但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately,

recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用.不克不及与when连用.

如今完成时往往同暗示不肯定的曩昔时光状语连用

例如：

第3页，共5页 She has already come. 她已经来了.

I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个.

I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他.

Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一向是个勤学生.

I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他.

They have never been to Yan’an. 他们从未去过延安.

I haven't seen him lately. 我比来没看到他.

三.如今完成时的标记

1.如今完成时的寄义之一是曩昔完成的动尴尬刁难如今仍有影响,用以下四大标记词可以表达这种寄义:

* 以already, just和yet为标记

He has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮忙.

He has just seen the film. 他方才看过这场片子.

He hasn't come back yet. 他还没有回来.

* 以ever和never为标记

This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我曾看过的最好的一部片子.

He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京.

* 以动作产生的次数为标记

He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了.

* 以so far（到今朝为止）为标+before

He has got to Beijing so far. 到今朝为止他已到了北京.

She has passed the exam so far. 到今朝为止她已经经由过程了测验.

2.曩昔已经开端的动作一向延续到如今, 甚至有可能中断延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特征和“时光”点段的区分入手,进一步进修如今完成时.

①for+时段 ②since+曩昔一个时光点（曩昔 从句）为标记

四. 刹时动词

第4页，共5页 buy, die, join, come,go ,leave, join ……不克不及直接与for since 连用.要转变动词

buy----have borrow -----keep

come/arrive/reach/get to-----be in

go out----be out leave ----be away

begin-----be on finish----be over

open----be open close -----be closed

die----be dead

1.have代替buy

My brother has had(不克不及用has bought) this bike for almost four years.

2.用keep或have代替borrow

I have kept(不克不及用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.

3.用be替代become

How long has your sister been a teacher?

4.用have a cold代替catch a cold

Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.

5.用wear代替put on

6.用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词

be＋married代marry be＋ill代fall (get) ill

be＋dead代die be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep

be＋awake代wake/wake up be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave

be＋open代open be closed代close/shut

be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose

7.用“be＋副词”代终止性动词

be＋on代startbegin“be＋up”代get up

“be＋back(to)”代return to, come back to, go back to

“be here (there)”代come(arrive, reach, get) here或go (arrive, reach, get) there

8.用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词

第5页，共5页 1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to

2.用be in the army 代替join the army

3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to

经常应用刹时动词变延续性动词表：

1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.

→have been in sw./at…响应的介词

2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back

3. have come/gone out →have been out

4. have become → have been

5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open

6. have got up → have been up;

7. have died → have been dead;

8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.

9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep;

10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over;

11. have married → have been married;

12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ;

13. have begun → have been on

14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had