机械图纸各种符号识别(1).
- 格式:ppt
- 大小:1.03 MB
- 文档页数:3
机械图纸解析,看懂了它,所有的图纸都能轻松看懂(干货)1.纸幅面按尺寸大小可分为5种,图纸幅面代号分别为A0、A1、A2、A3、A4。
图框右下角必须要有一标题栏,标题栏中的文字方向为与看图方向一致。
2.图线的种类有粗实线、细实线、波浪线、双折线、虚线、细点划线、粗点划线、双点划线等八类。
3.图样中,机件的可见轮廓线用粗实线画出,不可见轮廓线用虚线画出,尺寸线和尺寸界线用细实线画出来,对称中心线和轴线用细点划线画出。
虚线、细实线和细点划线的图线宽度约为粗实线的1/3。
4.比例是指图中图形尺寸与实物尺寸之比。
5.比例1:2是指实物尺寸是图形尺寸的2倍,属于缩小比例。
6.比例2:1是指图形尺寸是实物尺寸的2倍,属于放大比例。
7.在画图时应尽量采用原值比例的比例,需要时也可采用放大或缩小的比例,其中1:2为缩小比例,2:1为放大比例无论采用那种比例图样上标注的应是机件的实际尺寸。
8.图样中书写的汉字、数字和字母,必须做到字体工整,笔画清楚,间隔均匀,排列整齐,汉字应用长仿宋体书写。
9.标注尺寸的三要素是尺寸界限、尺寸线、尺寸数字。
10.尺寸标注中的符号:R表示圆半径,ф表示圆直径,Sф表示球直径。
11.图样上的尺寸是零件的实际尺寸,尺寸以毫米为单位时,不需标注代号或名称。
12.标准水平尺寸时,尺寸数字的字头方向应向上;标注垂直尺寸时,尺寸数字的字头方向应朝左。
角度的尺寸数字一律按水平位置书写。
当任何图线穿过尺寸数字时都必须断开。
13.斜度是指斜线对水平线的倾斜程度,用符号∠表示,标注时符号的倾斜方向应与所标斜度的倾斜方向一致。
所标锥度方向一致。
14.符号“∠1:10”表示斜度1:10,符号“ 1:5”表示锥度1:5。
15.平面图形中的线段可分为已知线段、中间线段、连接线段三种。
它们的作图顺序应是先画出已知线段,然后画中间线段,最后画连接线段。
16.已知定形尺寸和定位尺寸的线段叫已知线段;有定形尺寸,但定位尺寸不全的线段叫中间线段;只有定形尺寸没有定位尺寸的线段叫连接线段。
cad符号大全及说明CAD符号大全及说明。
CAD(Computer Aided Design)是计算机辅助设计的简称,是一种利用计算机技术进行辅助设计的技术体系。
在工程设计领域,CAD符号是非常重要的一部分,它们用于表示各种不同的元件、构件和设备,为工程设计提供了标准化的图形符号。
本文将介绍一些常见的CAD符号及其说明,希望能够帮助大家更好地理解和运用CAD符号。
一、电气CAD符号。
1. 电源符号,电源符号是表示电气设备供电位置的标志,通常用于标识插座、开关等设备的电源位置。
电源符号通常采用“⚡”的图标表示,有时也会在图标上方标注“电源”字样。
2. 开关符号,开关符号用于表示电气设备的开关位置,常见的开关符号包括单开关、双开关、按钮开关等,它们在CAD图纸中具有不同的图形表示。
3. 电线符号,电线符号用于表示电气设备之间的连接关系,常见的电线符号包括直线、曲线、虚线等,它们在CAD图纸中具有不同的线型和颜色表示。
4. 灯具符号,灯具符号用于表示灯具的位置和类型,常见的灯具符号包括吊灯、筒灯、壁灯等,它们在CAD图纸中具有不同的图形表示。
5. 电机符号,电机符号用于表示电机的位置和类型,常见的电机符号包括直流电机、交流电机、步进电机等,它们在CAD图纸中具有不同的图形表示。
二、机械CAD符号。
1. 轴线符号,轴线符号用于表示零件的轴线位置,通常采用直线或虚线表示,有时也会标注轴线的直径和长度。
2. 尺寸符号,尺寸符号用于表示零件的尺寸大小,常见的尺寸符号包括直线、箭头、数字等,它们在CAD图纸中具有不同的位置和方向表示。
3. 螺纹符号,螺纹符号用于表示零件的螺纹位置和类型,常见的螺纹符号包括内螺纹、外螺纹、螺纹深度等,它们在CAD图纸中具有不同的图形表示。
4. 齿轮符号,齿轮符号用于表示齿轮的位置和类型,常见的齿轮符号包括直齿轮、斜齿轮、蜗杆齿轮等,它们在CAD图纸中具有不同的图形表示。
5. 联轴器符号,联轴器符号用于表示联轴器的位置和类型,常见的联轴器符号包括弹性联轴器、齿轮联轴器、万向联轴器等,它们在CAD图纸中具有不同的图形表示。
resources for your desk, workbench or pocket. Be sure to check out our GD&T Tips!Straightness - a condition where an element of a surface or an axis is a straightline.Flatness - is the condition of a surface having all elements in one plane.Roundness - describes the condition on a surface of revolution (cylinder, cone, sphere) where all points of the surface intersected by any plane.Cylindricity - describes a condition of a surface of revolution in which all points of a surface are equidistant from a common axis.Profile of a Line - is the condition permitting a uniform amount of profile variation, ether unilaterally or bilaterally, along a line element of a feature.Profile of a Surface - is the condition permitting a uniform amount of profile variation, ether unilaterally or bilaterally, on a surface.All Around Symbol - indicating that a tolerance applies to surfaces all around the part.Angularity - is the condition of a surface, axis, or centerplane, which is at a specified angle from a datum plane or axis.Perpendicularity - is the condition of a surface, axis, or line, which is 90 deg. From a datum plane or a datum axis.Parallelism - is the condition of a surface, line, or axis, which is equidistant at all points from a datum plane or axis.Position Tolerance - defines a zone within which the axis or center plane of a feature is permitted to vary from true (theoretically exact) position.Concentricity - describes a condition in which two or more features , in any combination, have a common axis.Symmetry - is a condition in which a feature (or features) is symmetrically disposed about the center plane of a datum feature.Runout - is the composite deviation from the desired form of a part surface of revolution through on full rotation (360 deg) of the part on a datum axis.Total Runout - is the simultaneous composite control of all elements of a surface at all circular and profile measuring positions as the part is rotated through 360.Maximum Material Condition (MMC) - is that condition of a part feature wherein it contains the maximum amount ofmaterial within the stated limits of size. That is: minimum hole size and maximum shaft size.Least Material Condition (LMC) - implies that condition of a part feature of size wherein it contains the least (minimum) amount of material, examples, largest hole size and smallest shaft size. It is opposite to maximum material condition.Regardless Of Feature Size (RFS) - the condition where the tolerance of form, runout or location must be met irrespective of where the feature lies within its size tolerance.Projected Tolerance Zone - applies to a hole in which a pin, stud, screw, etc., is to be inserted. It controls the perpendicularity of the hole to the extent of the projection from the hole and as it relates to the mating part clearance. The projected tolerance zone extends above the surface of the part to the functional length of the pin, stud, and screw relative to its assembly with the mating part.Tangent Plane - indicating a tangent plane is shown. The symbol is placed in the feature control frame following the stated tolerance.Free State Variations - is a term used to describe distortion of a part after removal of forces applied during manufacture.Diameter - indicates a circular feature when used on the field of a drawing or indicates that the tolerance is diametrical when used in a feature control frame.Basic Dimension - used to describe the exact size, profile, orientation or location of a feature. A basic dimension is always associated with a feature control frame or datum target. (Theoretically exact dimension in ISO)Reference Dimension - a dimension usually without tolerance, used for information purposes only. It does not govern production or inspection operations. (Auxiliary dimension in ISO)Datum Feature - is the actual component feature used to establish a datum.Dimension Origin - Signifies that the dimension originates from the plane established by the shorter surface and dimensional limits apply to the other surface.Feature Control Frame - is a rectangular boxcontaining the geometric characteristics symbol, andthe form, runout or location tolerance. If necessary,datum references and modifiers applicable to thefeature or the datums are also contained in the box.Conical Taper - is used to indicate taper for conical tapers. This symbol is always shown with the vertical leg to the left.Slope - is used to indicate slope for flat tapers. This symbol is always shown with the vertical leg to the left.Counterbore/Spotface - is used to indicate a counterbore or a spotface. The symbol precedes the dimension of the counterbore or spotface, with no spaceCountersink - is used to indicate a countersink. The symbol precedes the dimensions of the countersink with no space.Depth/Deep - is used to indicate that a dimension applies to the depth of a feature. This symbol precedes the depth value with no space in between.Square - is used to indicate that a single dimension applies to a square shape. The symbol precedes the dimension with no space between.Number of Places - the X is used along with a value to indicate the number of times a dimension or feature is repeated on the drawing.Arc Length - indicating that a dimension is an arc length measured on a curved outline. The symbol is placed above the dimension.Radius - creates a zone defined by two arcs (the minimum and maximum radii). The part surface must lie within this zone.Spherical Radius - precedes the value of a dimension or tolerance.Spherical Diameter - shall precede the tolerance value where the specified tolerance value represents spherical zone. Also, a positional tolerance may be used to control the location of a spherical feature relative to other features of a part. The symbol for spherical diameter precedes the size dimension of the feature and the positional tolerance value, to indicate a spherical tolerance zone.Controlled Radius - creates a tolerance zone defined by two arcs (the minimum and maximum radii) that are tangent to the adjacent surfaces. Where a controlled radius is specified, the part contour within the crescent-shaped tolerance zone must be a fair curve without flats or reversals. Additionally, radii taken at all points on the part contour shall neither be smaller than the specified minimum limit nor larger than the maximum limit.Between - to indicate that a profile tolerance applies to several contiguous features, letters may designate where the profile tolerance begins and ends. These letters are referenced using the between symbol (since 1994) or the word between on drawings made to earlier versions of the Standard.Statistical Tolerance - i s the assigning of tolerances to related components of an assembly on the basis of sound statistics (such as the assembly tolerance is equal to the square root of the sum of the squares of the individual tolerances). By applying statistical tolerancing, tolerances of individual components may be increased or clearances between mating parts may be reduced. The increased tolerance or improved fit may reduce manufacturing cost or improve the product's performance, but shall only be employed where the appropriate statistical process control will be used. Therefore, consideration should be given to specifying the required Cp and /or Cpk or other process performance indices.Datum Target - is a specified point, line, or area on a partthat is used to establish the Datum Reference Plane formanufacturing and inspection operations.Target Point - indicates where the datum target point is dimensionally located on the direct view of the surface.。
直线度(-)——是限制实际直线对理想直线直与不直的一项指标。
平面度——符号为一平行四边形,是限制实际平面对理想平面变动量的一项指标。
它是针对平面发生不平而提出的要求。
圆度(○)——是限制实际圆对理想圆变动量的一项指标。
它是对具有圆柱面(包括圆锥面、球面)的零件,在一正截面(与轴线垂直的面)内的圆形轮廓要求。
圆柱度(/○/)——是限制实际圆柱面对理想圆柱面变动量的一项指标。
它控制了圆柱体横截面和轴截面内的各项形状误差,如圆度、素线直线度、轴线直线度等。
圆柱度是圆柱体各项形状误差的综合指标。
线轮廓度(⌒)——是限制实际曲线对理想曲线变动量的一项指标。
它是对非圆曲线的形状精度要求。
面轮廓度——符号是用一短线将线轮廓度的符号下面封闭,是限制实际曲面对理想曲面变动量的一项指标。
它是对曲面的形状精度要求。
定向公差——关联实际要素对基准在方向上允许的变动全量。
定向公差包括平行度、垂直度、倾斜度。
平行度(‖)——用来控制零件上被测要素(平面或直线)相对于基准要素(平面或直线)的方向偏离0°的要求,即要求被测要素对基准等距。
垂直度(⊥)——用来控制零件上被测要素(平面或直线)相对于基准要素(平面或直线)的方向偏离90°的要求,即要求被测要素对基准成90°。
倾斜度(∠)——用来控制零件上被测要素(平面或直线)相对于基准要素(平面或直线)的方向偏离某一给定角度(0°~90°)的程度,即要求被测要素对基准成一定角度(除90°外)。
定位公差——关联实际要素对基准在位置上允许的变动全量。
定位公差包括同轴度、对称度和位置度。
同轴度(◎)——用来控制理论上应该同轴的被测轴线与基准轴线的不同轴程度。
机械工程符号大全1.纸幅面按尺寸大小可分为5种,图纸幅面代号分别为A0、A1、A2、A3、A4。
图框右下角必须要有一标题栏,标题栏中的文字方向为与看图方向一致。
2.图线的种类有粗实线、细实线、波浪线、双折线、虚线、细点划线、粗点划线、双点划线等八类。
3.图样中,机件的可见轮廓线用粗实线画出,不可见轮廓线用虚线画出,尺寸线和尺寸界线用细实线画出来,对称中心线和轴线用细点划线画出。
虚线、细实线和细点划线的图线宽度约为粗实线的1/3。
4.比例是指图中图形尺寸与实物尺寸之比。
5.比例1:2是指实物尺寸是图形尺寸的2倍,属于缩小比例。
6.比例2:1是指图形尺寸是实物尺寸的2倍,属于放大比例。
7.在画图时应尽量采用原值比例的比例,需要时也可采用放大或缩小的比例,其中1:2为缩小比例,2:1为放大比例无论采用那种比例图样上标注的应是机件的实际尺寸。
8.图样中书写的汉字、数字和字母,必须做到字体工整,笔画清楚,间隔均匀,排列整齐,汉字应用长仿宋体书写。
9.标注尺寸的三要素是尺寸界限、尺寸线、尺寸数字。
10.尺寸标注中的符号:R表示圆半径,ф表示圆直径,Sф表示球直径。
11.图样上的尺寸是零件的实际尺寸,尺寸以毫米为单位时,不需标注代号或名称。
12.标准水平尺寸时,尺寸数字的字头方向应向上;标注垂直尺寸时,尺寸数字的字头方向应朝左。
角度的尺寸数字一律按水平位置书写。
当任何图线穿过尺寸数字时都必须断开。
13.斜度是指斜线对水平线的倾斜程度,用符号∠表示,标注时符号的倾斜方向应与所标斜度的倾斜方向一致。
所标锥度方向一致。
14.符号“∠1:10”表示斜度1:10,符号“1:5”表示锥度1:5。
15.平面图形中的线段可分为已知线段、中间线段、连接线段三种。
它们的作图顺序应是先画出已知线段,然后画中间线段,最后画连接线段。
16.已知定形尺寸和定位尺寸的线段叫已知线段;有定形尺寸,但定位尺寸不全的线段叫中间线段;只有定形尺寸没有定位尺寸的线段叫连接线段。