高考英语考点精析复习讲义-时态和语态
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高考英语动词时态和语态考点精讲在高考英语中,动词的时态和语态是重中之重,试题在考察固定句式中的时态和语态的同时,着重在上下文语境中考察时态和语态。
要认识几种时态的一些惯例规则,答题时要研读题干,搜寻出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”,特别要注意时态的响应状况。
时态主动语态形式被动语态形式一般此刻时am/is/are/do/does am/is/are done一般过去时was/were/did was/were done此刻达成时has/have done has/have been done此刻达成进行时has/have been doing /此刻进行时am/is/are doing am/is/are being done过去进行时was/were doing was/were being done过去达成时had done had been done未来达成时will/shall have done will /shall have been donewill /shall doam/is/are going to dowill /shall be done一般未来时am/is/are coming/leavingam/is/are to be doneam/is/are to doam/is/are about to dowould dowas going to dowould be done过去未来时was coming/leavingwas/were to be donewas to dowas about to do未来进行时will /shall be doing /考点 1 一般此刻时一般此刻时表示动作的常常性或真谛;表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词;在条件、时间、退步状语从句顶用一般此刻时或此刻达成时表示未来;表示估计或规定;方位副词或介词短语放在句首,主语是名词,且所有倒装时,用一般此刻时表示正在发生的动作;还可使用于文学作品和文学议论中。
动词突破篇动词(短语)表示主语的动作、存在、变化或态度。
动词按照动词的意义可以分为实义动词、情态动词、系动词、助动词。
第一讲谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致动词时态历来是高考考查的重点。
动词时态考查虽多,但考向非常集中,最常考的是一般过去时和一般现在时,其次是现在完成时,其他时态考查相对较少。
因此备考重点是:①动词时态的基本用法②动词语态的基本用法③主谓一致动词时态的知识网络(以动词do为例)1.一般时态(1)一般现在时①表示经常或习惯性的动作,多用动作动词,且常与表频率的时间状语连用。
We have meals three times a day.我们一日吃三餐。
②表示客观真理、科学事实及自然现象。
The sun sets in the west.太阳从西方落下。
③在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
I’ll write to her when I have time.有时间我会写信给她。
(2)一般过去时①表示过去发生的一次性或习惯性动作或状态。
We often played basketball together.我们(过去)经常在一起打篮球。
②时间、条件、让步状语从句中,若主句用了过去将来时,从句常用一般过去时。
He said he would tell her the news as soon as he met her.他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。
单句语法填空①The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed (form) the core collection of the British Museum which/that opened in 1759.(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ语法填空)②The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—touched (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)③When/As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed (point) down the river.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)④New methods meant__(mean)that fewer people worked in farming.(2020·浙江卷语法填空)⑤While running regularly can’t make you live forever,the review says it is(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking,cycling or swimming.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)⑥Sarah says,“My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment,school comes (come) first.I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling.”(全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)2.进行时态(1)现在进行时(am/is/are+现在分词)①表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
2024高考英语语法知识点归纳总结动词的时态和语态
动词的时态:
1.一般现在时:表示经常性、习惯性、普遍性、客观真理等情况。
2.现在进行时:表示现阶段正在进行的动作或正在进行的状态。
3.一般过去时:表示过去一些时间点或一段时间内发生的动作或存在
的状态。
4.过去进行时:表示过去其中一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作。
5.现在完成时:表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或仍然存在的
情况。
6.过去完成时:表示过去一些时间点或时间段之前已经发生的动作。
7.将来时:表示将来一些时间点或时间段内将要发生的动作或存在的
状态。
动词的语态:
1.主动语态:表示主语是动作的执行者或主体。
2.被动语态:表示主语是动作的承受者,且强调动作对主体的影响。
需要注意的是,动词的时态和语态的变化通常是通过助动词来实现的。
如一般现在时使用do/does,现在进行时使用be动词+现在分词,现在完
成时使用have/has等。
此外,有些动词的时态和语态形式不规则,需要
进行记忆和熟练应用。
高考英语时态语态知识点一、时态知识点1. 一般现在时一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作、状态或客观真理等。
例句:Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.2. 一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
例句:She lived in London for five years.3. 一般将来时一般将来时表示将来某个时间即将发生的动作或存在的状态。
例句:I will finish my homework tomorrow.4. 现在进行时现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。
例句:They are watching a movie right now.5. 过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作。
例句:She was studying when I called her.6. 将来进行时将来进行时表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作。
例句:This time next week, we will be traveling in Japan.7. 现在完成时现在完成时表示过去某个时间发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
例句:I have finished my homework.8. 过去完成时过去完成时表示过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生的动作或存在的状态。
例句:She had already left when I arrived.9. 将来完成时将来完成时表示将来某个时间之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。
例句:By this time tomorrow, I will have finished my report.二、语态知识点1. 主动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
例句:She wrote a letter.2. 被动语态被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,强调动作对主语的影响。
例句:The letter was written by her.3. 进行时的被动语态进行时的被动语态表示主语正在被动地进行某个动作。
一、时态、语态时态、语态需要掌握的要点:1.表达将来时的形式:(1)在时间、条件、让步从句中,一般现在时代替将来时,但要注意区别从句的类型,如:I’ll tell him when you will ring again. 我告诉他你什么时候再来电话。
(宾语从句)比较:I’ll tell him when you ring again.你再打电话时我告诉他。
(状语从句)(2)在make sure, make certain, see (to it) 后的that从句中,谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时,如:See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didn’t know the answer to last time.(include 不能用will include或其他形式) 2.完成时是时态测试的重点,注意与完成时连用的句型和时间状语:(1)by/between/up to/till +过去时间、since、by the time/when +表示过去发生情况的从句,主句用过去完成时。
如:We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door.Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced.(表示1919年时已发生的情况) (2)by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句,主句用将来完成时。
如:By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.(3)by now、since +过去时间、in/during/for/over/the past/last few(或具体数字)years/days/months,主句用现在完成时,如:The changes that had taken place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists at the turn of the 19th century.但在it is +具体时间since/before这一句型中,主句更多的时候不用完成时。
高考英语时态与语态知识点精讲时态和语态是英语语法中的重要知识点,对于高考英语来说尤为重要。
掌握正确的时态和语态可以帮助我们准确、流利地表达自己的意思。
本文将着重介绍高考英语中常见的时态和语态知识点,并提供一些实例来加深理解。
一、时态知识点1. 一般现在时一般现在时用于表示习惯动作、客观真理、现在经常发生的事情等。
例如:- She often goes to the park on Sundays.- Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.2. 现在进行时现在进行时用于表示目前正在进行的动作或现阶段发生的事情。
例如:- I am studying for the exam.- They are playing tennis right now.3. 一般过去时一般过去时用于表示过去发生的动作或事情。
- She traveled to Europe last summer.- We lived in that house for ten years.4. 过去进行时过去进行时用于表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。
例如:- He was reading a book when I called him.- They were playing soccer at 6 o'clock yesterday evening.5. 现在完成时现在完成时用于表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
例如:- I have finished my homework.- She has seen that movie before.6. 过去完成时过去完成时用于表示过去某一时间或动作发生之前已经完成的动作。
例如:- When I arrived, they had already left.- The train had departed when I got to the station.将来时用于表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或事件。
一、时态的数轴的思维导图have been de nghave done动词的时态和语态will do had donewill have done Past pastis doingpresentwill be doing future would have d ( ne考点一、现在时一、一般现在时1.含义1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频率的时间状语连用。
I leave home fbr school at 7 every morning.2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。
The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the cast of China.3)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.4) not....until....as...hen, before, after, not....until....等)、条件状语从句(if, unless, as long as...)中常用一般现在时表示将来Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively.As long as it doesn't rain tomorrow ,we will have a trip on schedule.2.常用的时间状语频率副词:often, usually, sometimes, always, seldom, hardly, never2)短语:every (day 等),once/twice a (week 等),on (Sunday 等),in the (morning 等),at (eight) , now and then, from time to timeHe usually goes to school by bike.3.谓语切词形式:do/does.谓语动词的被动语态:am/is/are doneIn the spoken English of some areas in the U.S, the " r" sounds at the end of the words arc dropped.练习:用所给单词的适当形式填空How close parents are to their children(have) a strong influence on the development of the children's characters.1.If your call is not answered within two minutes, you(advise) to hang up and dial again.2.We will be losing money this year unless that new economic plan of yours(work) miracle.3.It(turn) out that making a plan is easier than carrying it out.4.The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, (allow) more women to take advantage of employment opportunities.二、现在进行时.定义1)表示说话时正在进行的动作及行为;2)表示现阶段(近段时间)正在进行的动作。
高中英语语法讲义——时态、语态、主谓一致清单一:动词的时态一:一般体(表示既不进行,又不完成)一般体中的一般现在时、一般过去时分别表示现在、过去的经常性、习惯性动作或状态;一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或者状态,或将来某一段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态;过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作。
(一)一般现在时1.构成(1)动词原形,若主语为第三人称单数,则用第三人称单数形式,一般在动词后加“s”或“es”,其规则变化如下:情况规则例词一般情况下加-s eats ,rises以s、x、sh、ch结尾加-es teaches discusses以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i再加es fly-flies carry-carries(2)be动词的变化:am, is ,are(3)have的变化:have,has2.用法:一般现在时除了可以表示现在的经常性,习惯性动作或状态,还有如下用法:I often go to Wuhan on weekends.(1)表示客观真理,科学事实以及自然现象。
The earth goes around the sun.(2)用于以here,there开头的倒装句中,用来表示现在正在发生的动作或者存在的状态。
Here comes the bus.There goes the bell.(二)一般过去时1.构成情况规则例词一般情况加-ed pack-packed以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i再加ed carry- carried以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词双写辅音字母再加-ed plan-planned以不发音的e结尾的词直接-d like-liked provide-provided(2)was用于第一,第三人称单数,were用于其他人称(3)以元音字母加y结尾的动词,一般直接加-ed。
如play-played,但pay-paid.2.用法一般过去时除了可以表示过去经常性、习惯性发生的动作或状态,还有下列用法:(1)want, hope, think, intend等动词的一般过去式往往表示“过去原......”之意。
第六讲时态和语态典型例题1.高考考查的八种动词时态是:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时,过去将来时。
2.考生要学会在具体语言环境下使用具体时态的能力,从NMET对动词时态的考查来看,这几年试题的灵活性正逐步加强。
题干中的有效信息由“外显的”转向“隐蔽的”,情景中可能不出现明显的时间信息。
3.预计动词时态的考核有如下趋势:经常考查时态的基本知识点,考查时注重在实际场合中的交际应用。
试题的立意由简单直接的“结构立意”(如状语从句、宾语从句等)转向了“情景立意”。
试题创设的语境明确,交际情景(对话形式占有一定比例)多是发生在学生学习或日常生活中的真实情况。
4.时态和语态是紧密相连的,高考题中经常把时态和语态一起考查。
应试高分瓶颈1.学习动词的时态和语态时,切不可脱离实际运用的语言,一味死记硬背语法规律的条条框框。
了解了时态的一些常用规则之后,要留心以英语为母语者在实际生活中是如何使用各种时态和语态的。
2.答题时,研读题干,搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”,尤其是动词冗余信息中的时间信息。
发现和有效利用这些信息是解决问题的关键。
3.解决时态和语态问题,要遵循如下解题思路:①这个动作可能发生在什么时间?题千句中可参照的时间信息有哪些?U②这个动作处于什么状态,是进行中,.还是已结束(完成)?限制或修饰这个动作状态信息有哪些?③这个动作与主语的关系,是主动还是被动?只要全面细致地考虑了这些问题的答案,试题的正确答案也就水落石山?时态本类考题解答锦囊高考对时态的考查除了常用的八种时态外,还需注意以下几点:1. if,unless, even it 引导的条件状语从句中,在when, before, until(till), assoon as, the moment, once 弓I导的时间状语从句中,在no matter what / who / which / when / where, / how 或whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however引导的让步状语从句中,如果主句是将来时(往往出现will/ shall / can / must)或主句是祈使句,从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。
如:r II not go unless I' m invited.Tell him the news as soon as he comes.2. “used t。
/would+动词原形”可以表示过去经常或习惯性的动作。
如:Ohen at night she would hear a long low whistle and the soundof a metallic noise.3. “be+to do”表示拟定或计划中将发生的行为或按职责义务必须去做的事情;"beabout to do”表示即将发生的事,句中一般不使用时间状语。
如:All the questions are to be answeredat once. 。
NO one is to leave the room without permission.They are about to leave this a{ternoon.(误)TheyareabouttOleave.(正)他们即将动身。
4.语境中的过去时,往往表示“刚才,刚刚”之意,暗示现在已“不再这样:如:Idldn'tknowyouwerehere.我不知道你在这里。
IneverthoughthewoulddOthat.我从没想到他会做出这样的事。
5.表示愿望、打算一类的词,如:hope, expect, mean, intend, want, think, suppose, want等,[其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。
如:I had hoped to see more of Shanghai我本希望在上海多看看。
(但未能如愿)I had meant to help you, blit 工was too busy at themoment.我本想去帮你的,但当时确实太忙了。
I had thought you would come to morrow.我原以为你明天才来呢。
6.某些固定句式中的动词时态是固定的、约定俗成的。
©This / his the first / second... time+that 从句。
that 从句一般用现在完成时, 如果把前边的is改为was,则that从句用过去完成时。
如:This is the first time I have come here.c It was the third time(that)he had made the same mistake.@his / has been + 一段时间+sinx从句。
since从句中一般用过去时,如果将前边的is改为was,则since 从句中用过去完成时。
如:It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.③be about to do... when...意为“即将……(这时)突然……"。
如:I was about to gO out when the telephone rang.I高考最新热门题.(典型例题)All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness.A.has grownB. is growmgC. grewD. had grown【解析】句中as为连词,引导时间状语从句,往往表示主句与从句的动作同时发生,意为“正当”“一面……一面……' A、B皆为现在时,与从句动词waited不一致; D为过去完成时,表示“过去的过去",亦与as的用法相违背。
【答案】C.(典型例题)Because the shop, all the T-shirts are sold at half price.A. has closed downB. closed downC. is closing downD. had closed down答案:C指导:因为商店就要倒闭,所以所有T恤都半价,用现在进行表将来。
1.(典型例题季卷)How can you possibly miss the news?It on TV all day long.A. has beenB. had beenC. wasD. will be答案:C 指导:从上句的howcan及时态、下一句的时间状语all daylong可以看出本题应用现在完成时态。
2.(典型例题季卷)--Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on."Where was I?"You.you didn't like your lather's job.A. had saidB. saidC. were sayingD. had been saying答案:A指导:本题的语境是两个人在谈话,其中一个的话被另一个打断,然后再问自己刚才说到哪儿了(Where was I?),因此得到的回答应为你刚才说到……(You weresaying...),有一些短暂性动词的过去进行时表示“刚刚在”,如:were notnoticing(刚刚没注意到)。
3.(典型例题卷)1 arrived late; I the road to be so icy.A. wouldn't expectB. haven't expectC. hadn't expected D, wasn't expecting 答案:C指导:“我”之所以arrived late,是因为“我”在此之前(即过去的过去)没有料到路上结了这么厚的冰,.应用过去完成时。
II题点经典类型题.(典型例题)What were you doing when Tony phoned you?I had just finished my work and to take a shower.A. had startedB. startedC. have startedD. was starting【解析】原题第句问:当Tony给你打电话时,你正在做什么?根据回答句中“我刚刚完成工作“,应该理解为刚要开始洗澡,只有D.was starting与问句一致。
用过去进行表过去将来。
【答案】D.(典型例题断)1 thought that these computers cost $ 850,but the price up $ 50.A. wentB. will goC. goesD. has gone答案:D指导:我原以为这些电脑850美元就够了,但价格上涨了 50美元。
1.(典型例题)Women prefer to think and then speak, while men like to speak as they.A. thinkB. have thoughtC. thoughtD. are thinking答案:D指导:女士喜欢想好了再说,而男士喜欢边想边说。
2.(典型例题)In my opinion,all Mr. White good to his students in hisclass at present. He is very strict in their study.A. does does doesB. does do doC. does does doD. did do does答案:C 指导:Mr. Whitedoes为定语“从句,修饰all.后面的does do是谓语动词的强调形式。
3.(典型例题测)--Wang Ping is made monitor of our class.--Really?—Don't you believe it? You know,now.A. I wasn f t jokingB. I didn't jokeC. I'm not jokingD. I haven f t joked答案:C指导:我这可不是开玩笑。
1.—Was Mary in1 the office when you arrived there?—Yes, but she soon afterwards.A. had leftB. leftC. would leaveD. will leave答案:B指导:句意:是的,她在。