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2010年自动化行业最具影响力品牌国外部分国内部分类别品牌综合评分类别品牌综合评分PLC 西门子92 PLC 和利时92DCS 横河90 DCS 中控(SUPCON) 91组态软件GE FANUC（发那科）93 组态软件亚控（组态王）90变频器ABB 90 变频器台达92工控机NI 89 工控机研华87RTU 艾默生92 RTU 研华89仪器仪表罗斯蒙特91 仪器仪表重庆川仪87电源艾默生89 电源明纬86总线及通讯赫斯曼88 总线及通讯Moxa 85嵌入设备GE FANUC 84 嵌入设备研祥89PAC NI 92 PAC 泓格88 杂志《电子设计技术》杂志《国内外机电一体化技术》2010年自动化行业最具影响力品牌网上投票结果揭晓2010年度自动化行业最具影响力品牌评选之PLC品牌影响力排行榜国际部分入围品牌（不分顺顺序）:西门子、施耐德、欧姆龙、三菱电机、松下、ABB、艾默生、GE FANUC、富士电机、LG、罗克韦尔、VIPA、光洋、日立、东芝、安川(Yaskawa)国内部分入围品牌（不分顺序）:和利时、台达、步科(Kinco)、台安、合信(TrustPLC)、永宏、安控、欧辰(SOFTLINK) 浙大中控、南大傲拓、博控、冠德-嘉华、盟立、丰炜、正航、智达评选结果：国际部分国内部分序号品牌得分序号品牌得分1. 西门子90 1. 和利时952. ABB88 2. 台达923. 三菱电机85 3. 安控804. 欧姆龙82 4. 永宏785. 施耐德80 5. 台安70获奖理由：国际厂商：简介: 西门子（SIEMENS）公司在国外PLC众多供应商中是当之无愧的老大，西门子S7系列PLC体积小、速度快、标准化，具有网络通信能力，功能强，可靠性高，使用范围广，广泛应用于冶金、化工、印刷生产线等领域。
根据自动化行业品牌研究室进行各个方面的调查和统计表明,尽管siemens的产品相对较贵，但其性能好，产品质量好，易学易掌握，同时对现场恶劣环境适应能力强，扩展功能强大受到广大客户群体的肯定和支持，售前售后服务相对完善，在中国的PLC市场占有率高。
MI 020-359August 2010InstructionUniversal Instruction ManualI/A Series ® Pressure TransmittersModels IAP10, IAP20,IGP10, IGP20, IGP25 and IGP50,IDP10, IDP25, IDP50Configuration, Calibration, Installation, and OperationSafety information in many languages is available on our website. For help downloading this information, contact our Global Customer Support Center.MI 020-359 – August 2010ContentsFigures (vii)Tables (ix)Preface (xi)1. Safety Information (1)Transmitter Identification (1)Supply Voltage (1)Electrical Certification Rating (2)PED Certification (2)Pressure Rating (2)Pressure Seal PSFLT (3)Pressure Seals PSFPS and PSFES (4)Pressure Seals PSFAR and PSFAD (5)Pressure Seals PSTAR and PSTAD (5)Pressure Seals PSISR and PSISD (6)Pressure Seals PSSCR and PSSCT (6)PSSSR and PSSST (Sanitary Tank Spud) Seals (6)Origin Code (6)Operating Temperature Limits (6)Process Wetted Materials (10)Pressure Seals PSFLT, PSFPS, and PSFES (10)Pressure Seals PSFAR, PSFAD, PSTAR, PSTAD, PSISR, and PSISD (10)Pressure Seals PSSCR (12)Pressure Seals PSSCT (12)Pressure Seals PSSSR and PSSST (12)Warnings (12)General Warning (12)ATEX Warnings (13)Explosionproof/Flameproof and Enclosure Warning (13)Intrinsically Safe and Type n Warning (14)Type n Warning (14)Pressure Warnings (14)Process Fluid Warning (16)Seal or Sensor Fill Fluid Warning (16)Parts Replacement Warning (16)EC Declaration of Conformity (17)2. Installation (19)Mechanical Installation (19)Differential Pressure Transmitter (19)Process-Mounted Transmitter (20)Manifold Mounted Transmitter (20)iiiMI 020-359 – August 2010 ContentsivPipe- or Surface-Mounted Transmitter (22)Venting and Draining (27)Installation of Flow Measurement Piping (28)Filling System with Seal Liquid (30)Absolute and Gauge Pressure Transmitter (31)IAP10, IGP10, IGP25 and IGP50 Transmitters (31)IAP20 and IGP20 Transmitters (32)Typical Transmitter Piping (33)Transmitter with Seals (34)Positioning the Housing (35)Positioning the Display (35)Setting the Write Protect Jumper (35)Cover Locks (36)Wiring (36)4 to 20 mA Output Signal (Model Codes -A, -D, and -T) (37)HART Multidrop Wiring (Model Code -T) (41)1 to 5 V dc Output Signal (Model Code -V) (42)Power Supply Voltage and Current (42)Output Load (42)Three or Four Wire Connections (42)FoxCom Communications Protocol (Model Code -D) (45)Foundation Fieldbus Communication (Model Code -F) (47)Installing Fieldbus Software (Model Code -F) (49)Putting a Differential Pressure Xmtr Into Operation (50)Taking a Differential Pressure Xmtr Out of Operation (50)3. Operation Using Local Display (51)Moving Through the Menu Structure (53)Entering Numerical Values (53)Zeroing from the LCD Indicator Pushbuttons or Optional External Zero Button (54)Zeroing from a HART Communicator (55)4. Calibration (57)Calibration Diagram (57)Liquid Level Application Calibrated Range Values (58)Method #1 - Calculating the range values (61)Method #2 - Using the Transmitters to Determine the Range Values (61)Method #3 - Getting the Local Indicator and Transmitted Value to Indicate Level - HART Transmitters (62)Method #4 - Getting the Local Indicator and Transmitted Value to Indicate Level - Analog Output Transmitters (63)5. Configuration Diagrams (65)FoxCom Communications (Code -D) (65)HART Communications (Code -T) (68)Contents MI 020-359– August 2010Foundation Fieldbus Communications (Code -F) (71)4 to 20 mA (Code -A) and 1 to 5 V dc (Code -V) (72)Index (73)vMI 020-359 – August 2010 Contents viFigures1 Sample Transmitter Identification (1)2 Sample Seal Data Plate (2)3 Pressure Connections (14)4 Sensor Replacement (15)5 Sensor Replacement (pvdf Inserts) (15)6 Typical Mounting of an IDP Transmitter Supported by Process Piping (20)7 Typical Mounting of an IDP Transmitter Supported by a Bypass Manifold (20)8 Typical Mounting of M4A and M4T Manifold with -AM Bracket (21)9 Typical Mounting of MB3 Manifold with -AM Bracket (21)10 Typical Mounting of IMV25 Transmitter on Coplanar‰ Manifold (22)11 Pipe or Surface Mounted Transmitter Using a Standard Bracket (23)12 Examples of Mounting With a Standard Bracket (23)13 Details of a Universal Bracket (24)14 Mounting a Transmitter with Traditional Structure Using a Universal Bracket (25)15 Vertical Pipe Mounting a Transmitter with LP2 Structure Using a Universal Bracket ..2516 Horizontal Mounting a Transmitter with LP2 Structure Using a Universal Bracket (26)17 Vertical Mounting - Cavity Draining (27)18 Vertical Mounting - Cavity Venting (27)19 Horizontal Mounting - Cavity Venting (27)20 Vertical Mounting - Cavity Venting (28)21 Horizontal Mounting - Cavity Venting and Draining (28)22 Cavity Venting and Draining (28)23 Example of Horizontal Process Line Installation (29)24 Example of Vertical Process Line Installation (30)25 IAP10, IGP10, IGP25, and IGP50 Transmitter Mounting (31)26 IAP20 and IGP20 Transmitter Mounting (32)27 Typical Transmitter Piping (IGP10 shown) (33)28 Hot Process Piping (34)29 Housing Screw or Clip Location (35)30 Accessing Field Terminals (36)31 Identification of Field Terminals (37)32 Supply Voltage and Loop Load (38)33 Loop Wiring 4 to 20 mA Output Transmitters (40)34 Wiring Several 4 to 20 mA Transmitters to a Common Power Supply (40)35 Typical Multidrop Network (41)36 Identification of Field Terminals (42)37 Three-wire Connection (43)38 Four-wire Connection (43)39 Loop Wiring (four-wire connection shown) (44)40 Wiring Several Transmitters to a Common Power Supply (45)41 Typical Transmitter Wiring to an I/A Series System (46)42 Wiring Diagram of Typical FOUNDATION Fieldbus Transmitter Installation (48)43 Local Display Module (52)viiMI 020-359 – August 2010 Figures44 Top Level Structure Diagram (52)45 Typical Menu Structure (53)46 Calibration Structure Diagram (57)47 Calibration Structure Diagram (Continued) (58)48 Transmitter Connected to Open Tank (59)49 Transmitter Connected to Closed Tank with Dry Leg (59)50 Transmitter Connected to Closed Tank with Wet Leg (60)51 Transmitter Connected to Closed Tank With Dual Seals (60)52 FoxCom Configuration Structure Diagram (65)53 FoxCom Configuration Structure Diagram (Continued) (66)54 FoxCom Configuration Structure Diagram (Continued) (67)55 Configuration Structure Diagram (68)56 Configuration Structure Diagram (Continued) (69)57 Configuration Structure Diagram (Continued) (70)58 Configuration Structure Diagram (Code -A and -V) (72)viiiTables1 Pressure Seal PSFLT Pressure Limits (3)2 Pressure Seal PSFPS and PSFES Pressure Limits (4)3 Pressure Seals PSFAR and PSFAD Pressure Limits (5)4 Pressure Seals PSTAR and PSTAD Pressure Limits (5)5 Interpretation of Model Code forIDP10, IAP20, IGP20, IDP25, and IDP50 Transmitters (6)6 Interpretation of Model Code forIAP10, IGP10, IGP25, and IGP50 Transmitters (8)7 Sensor Body Operating Temperature Limits for Models Listed in Tables 5 and 6 (9)8 Seal Fill Fluid and Operating Temperature Limits (10)9 Pressure Seal PSFLT, PSFPS, and PSFES Wetted Materials (10)10 Pressure Seal Lower Housing Materials (10)11 Pressure Seal Diaphragm Materials (11)12 Pressure Seal Gasket Materials (11)13 Pressure Seal PSSCR Diaphragm Materials (12)14 Capillary Fill Fluid Specific Gravities (34)15 Minimum Supply Voltage Requirements (47)ixMI 020-359 – August 2010 Tables xPrefaceThis Universal Instruction Manual is designed to provide the user with a single, concise, easy-to-use manual that covers the key points needed for configuration, calibration, installation, and operation of I/A Series Pressure T ransmitters.It covers all models of single variable pressure transmitters in the I/A Series family, including absolute, gauge, and differential pressure transmitters, with FoxCom, HART, F OUNDATION fieldbus, or analog output electronics.This universal manual, along with a CD containing detailed information, is provided free of charge with every I/A Series Pressure T ransmitter, unless the purchaser requests that these two items be omitted.For additional detailed information about each model, including dimensional prints, parts lists, and more detailed instructions, please refer to the standard CD supplied or the optional paper instruction book that is available from Invensys for each model in the line.♦Standard Documentation Shipped with every I/A Series Pressure T ransmitter ♦ A brief “Getting Started” Pocket-Sized Bulletin♦This Universal Instruction Manual♦ A CD that contains the complete documentation set for I/A Series Pressure T ransmitters♦When Optional Feature K1 is specified in the Model Code when the transmitter is ordered:A brief “Getting Started” Pocket-Sized Bulletin only is suppliedOptional Feature K1 is offered for those users who want Invensys to omit thedocumentation shipped with every transmitter. This may be specified when multipleidentical transmitters are ordered and the user does not want multiple sets ofdocumentation.xiMI 020-359 – August 2010 Preface xii11. Safety InformationTransmitter IdentificationA typical data plate is shown in Figure 1.Figure 1. Sample Transmitter IdentificationReview the model code on the data plate attached to your transmitter to determine its electrical, pressure, and hazardous location ratings.Supply VoltageThe proper supply voltage is printed on the data plate. See Item C on the example shown in Figure1. Ensure that the proper electrical source is connected to the transmitter.CFD IDP10-D 12 A 21E - A 32A01253625 psiE AB 11.5 - 42 V dcSILICONE FILL -46 AND 121 CMI 020-359 – August 2010 1. Safety Information2Electrical Certification RatingThe electrical safety design code is printed on the data plate as part of the model code. See Item B on the example shown in Figure1. See the "Product Safety Specifications" section of the instruction pertaining to your instrument on the enclosed CD-ROM to identify this code. The type of protection is also marked on the data plate. See Item D on the example shown in Figure1. PED CertificationInvensys offers the PED (Harmonized Pressure Equipment Directive for the European Community) certification only with transmitters ordered with ATEX Electrical Safety Design Code selections. T ransmitters with PED certification have a CE marking on the data plate that also carries the PED number 0575.Pressure RatingThe maximum working pressure (PS or MWP) for the transmitter is printed on the data plate. See Item F on the example shown in Figure1.The data plate of flanged level transmitters and transmitters with flanged pressure seals are stamped with the MWP if the transmitter pressure range is the limiting factor. It is stamped “Flange Rate” if the flange rating is the limiting factor. The MWP of the flanged seal is stamped on the seal data plate. See Figure2.Figure 2. Sample Seal Data PlateWhen using transmitters with threaded, in-line saddle weld, or sanitary pressure seals, compare the MWP of the transmitter on the transmitter data plate and the MWP of the seals on the seals data plates and use the lesser value as the system MWP.The MWP on the seal data plates may not be given at your process temperature. Use the following information and industry standards as required to determine the actual pressure limits for your application.MODEL CODE: PSFPS-A2S0E313B MWP: 275 psig at 100°FNOTICE: BREAKING CONNECTIONS VOIDS WARRANTYBE SURE FILL FLUID CAN MIX SAFEL Y WITH PROCESS HIGH SIDE SEALHIGH SIDE FLUID, DC200, 10 cSt SILICONE TEMP RANGE -40 TO +450°FPROCESS WETTED MA TERIAL 316 SS1. Safety Information MI 020-359– August 20103Pressure Seal PSFLTT able 1. Pressure Seal PSFLT Pressure LimitsProcessConnections Flange Process T emperature (c)Maximum Working Pressure Carbon Steel (d)316L Stainless Steel (e)ANSI Class 150 (a)100°F 200°F 300°F 450°F 285 psig 260 psig 230 psig 185 psig 275 psig 240 psig 215 psig 183 psig ANSI Class 300 (a)100°F 200°F 300°F 450°F 740 psig 675 psig 655 psig 618 psig 720 psig 620 psig 560 psig 498 psig ANSI Class 600 (a)100°F 200°F 300°F 450°F 1480 psig 1350 psig 1315 psig 1235 psig 1440 psig 1240 psig 1120 psig 993 psig DIN PN 10/16 (b)50°C 100°C 150°C 250°C 16 bar 16 bar 14.5 bar 11 bar 16 bar 16 bar 14 bar 10.5 bar DIN PN 10/40and PN 25/40 (b)50°C 100°C 150°C 250°C40 bar 40 bar 37.5 bar 32 bar40 bar 35 bar 33.5 bar 30 bar(a)ANSI flanges per ASME/ANSI B16.5-1988 (b)DIN flanges per BS4504.(c)Flange temperature/pressure ratings only; seal temperature ratings may be lower; refer to Table 8. (d)ASME/ANSI Material Group 1.1; linear interpolation acceptable. (e)ASME/ANSI Material Group 2.2; linear interpolation acceptable.MI 020-359 – August 2010 1. Safety Information4Pressure Seals PSFPS and PSFEST able 2. Pressure Seal PSFPS and PSFES Pressure LimitsProcess ConnectionFlangeProcessT emperature(c)Maximum Working PressureCarbon Steel (d)316L Stainless Steel (e) ANSI Class 150 (a)100°F200°F400°F500°F600°F285 psig230 psig200 psig170 psig140 psig275 psig240 psig195 psig170 psig140 psig ANSI Class 300 (a)100°F200°F400°F500°F600°F740 psig675 psig635 psig600 psig550 psig720 psig620 psig515 psig480 psig450 psig ANSI Class 600 (a)100°F200°F400°F500°F600°F1480 psig1350 psig1270 psig1200 psig1095 psig1440 psig1240 psig1030 psig955 psig905 psigDIN PN 10/16 (b) 50°C100°C150°C200°C300°C16 bar16 bar14.5 bar13 bar9 bar16 bar16 bar14 bar12 bar9 barDIN PN 10/40and PN 25/40 (b)50°C100°C150°C200°C300°C40 bar40 bar37.5 bar35 bar28 bar40 bar35 bar33.5 bar32 bar28 bar(a)ANSI flanges per ASME/ANSI B16.5-1988(b)DIN flanges per BS4504.(c)Flange temperature/pressure ratings only; seal temperature ratings may be lower; refer to Table8.(d)ASME/ANSI Material Group 1.1; linear interpolation acceptable.(e)ASME/ANSI Material Group 2.2; linear interpolation acceptable.1. Safety Information MI 020-359– August 20105Pressure Seals PSFAR and PSFADPressure Seals PSTAR and PSTADThe pressure rating is dependent on the diaphragm size and the bolting material. The diaphragm size and bolting material are identified in the pressure seal model number which is located on the pressure seal. See following example:T able 3. Pressure Seals PSFAR and PSFAD Pressure LimitsProcess Connection Flange Process T emperature (b)Pressure Rating in psig (a)Class 150Class 300Class 600Class 1500ANSICarbon Steel-20°F 100°F 200°F300°F400°F 500°F 580°F 28528526023020017014674074067565563560056014801480135013151270120011203705370533753280317029952785ANSIStainless Steel-20°F 100°F 200°F300°F400°F 500°F 580°F275275240215195170146720720620560515480456144014401240112010309559153600360030952795257023902280(a) The maximum working pressure with the nonmetallic ptfe and PVC lower housings is 150 psig regardless of the higher allowable flange pressure range.(b) Flange temperature/pressure ratings only; seal temperature rating may be lower depending on mounting and fill fluid; refer to Table 8.T able 4. Pressure Seals PSTAR and PSTAD Pressure LimitsProcess T emperatureBolting Code “S”Bolting Code “C”2 and 3 inch 4 inch 2 and 3 inch 4 inch 20°F 100°F 200°F 300°F 400°F 500°F 580°F1250125010759759008358037507506455855405004812500250021501950180016701606150015001290117010801000963Seal temperature rating may be lower depending on mounting and fill fluid; refer to Table 8.PSTAR-B 32USSS1SA C 14CBOLTING CODEDIAPHRAGM SIZE (IN)MI 020-359 – August 2010 1. Safety Information6Pressure Seals PSISR and PSISDThe maximum working pressure is equivalent to a nominal 3- or 4-inch Schedule 40 pipe as defined by ASME/ANSI standards.Pressure Seals PSSCR and PSSCTThe maximum working pressure of the seal process connection varies with the clamping device used. Refer to T ri-Clover T ri-Clamp standards to determine the pressure limits of the clamping system that you are using.PSSSR and PSSST (Sanitary Tank Spud) SealsThe maximum working pressure of mini tank spud seal is 1.55 MPa at 120°C (225 psi at 250°F). That of the standard tank spud seal is 1.38 MPa at 120°C (200 psi at 250°F).Origin CodeThe origin code identifies the area of manufacture and the year and week of manufacture. See Item E on the example shown in Figure1. In the example, 2A means the product was manufactured in the Measurement and Instrument Division, 01 identifies the year of manufacture as 2001, and 25, the week of manufacture in that year.Operating Temperature LimitsThe operating temperature limits of the electronics are -40°C and +85°C (-40°F and +185°F). The limits are -40°C and +75°C (-40°F and +167°F) for IAP10, IGP10, IGP25, and IGP50T ransmitters with ATEX flameproof certification. Ensure that the transmitter is operated within this range.The sensor body operating temperature limits are determined by the sensor fill fluid. The cover material, sensor diaphragm material and fill fluid are specified by two characters in the model code on the data plate. See Item A on the example shown in Figure1. Also see Table5 and Table6 to interpret this part of the code and Table7 to determine the sensor body temperature limits. In the example IDP10-D12A21E-A3, the number 12 identifies the fill fluid in Table5 as silicone. Table7 identifies silicone as having temperature limits of -46 and +121°C (-50 and+250°F).T able 5. Interpretation of Model Code forIDP10, IAP20, IGP20, IDP25, and IDP50 TransmittersCode Cover MaterialSensor DiaphragmMaterial Fill Fluid10Steel Co-Ni-Cr Silicone11Steel Co-Ni-Cr Fluorinert12Steel316 ss Silicone13Steel316 ss Fluorinert16Steel Hastelloy C Silicone17Steel Hastelloy C Fluorinert1. Safety Information MI 020-359– August 2010720316 ss Co-Ni-Cr Silicone 21316 ss Co-Ni-Cr Fluorinert 22316 ss 316 ss Silicone 23316 ss 316 ss Fluorinert 2G 316 ss 316 ss, gold-plated Silicone 24316 ss Monel Silicone 25316 ss Monel Fluorinert 26316 ss Hastelloy C Silicone 27316 ss Hastelloy C Fluorinert 34Monel Monel Silicone 35Monel Monel Fluorinert 46Hastelloy C Hastelloy C Silicone 47Hastelloy C Hastelloy C Fluorinert 48Hastelloy C Tantalum Silicone 49Hastelloy C Tantalum Fluorinert 78pvdf Insert Tantalum Silicone 79pvdf Insert Tantalum Fluorinert F1N/A - Used with pressure sealSilicone F2Fluorinert F3Silicone F4Fluorinert S1Silicone S2Fluorinert S3Silicone S4Fluorinert S5Silicone S6Fluorinert SA Silicone SB Inert SC Silicone SD Inert SE Silicone SFInertT able 5. Interpretation of Model Code forIDP10, IAP20, IGP20, IDP25, and IDP50 Transmitters (Continued)Code Cover Material Sensor DiaphragmMaterial Fill FluidMI 020-359 – August 2010 1. Safety Information8T able 6. Interpretation of Model Code for IAP10, IGP10, IGP25, and IGP50 Transmitters CodeProcessConnectorMaterialSensor DiaphragmMaterial Fill Fluid 20316L ss Co-Ni-Cr Silicone 21316L ss Co-Ni-Cr Fluorinert 22316L ss316L ss Silicone 23316L ss316L ss Fluorinert 2415-5 ss15-5None26Inconel X-750Inconel X-750None 2813-8Mo ss13-8Mo ss None 30316L ss Hastelloy C Silicone 31316L ss Hastelloy C Fluorinert 32Hastelloy C Hastelloy C Silicone33Hastelloy C Hastelloy C Fluorinert TA316L ss316L ss NeobeeT2316L ss316L ss NeobeeT3316L ss316L ss NeobeeTB316L ss Hastelloy C NeobeeT4316L ss Hastelloy C NeobeeT5316L ss Hastelloy C NeobeeM1316L ss316L ss NeobeeM6316L ss316L ss NeobeeM9316L ss316L ss NeobeePX316L ss316L ss NeobeePZ316L ss316L ss NeobeePA316L ss316L ss Silicone PB316L ss316L ss Silicone PC316L ss316L ss Silicone PD316L ss316L ss Silicone PE316L ss Hastelloy C SiliconePF316L ss Hastelloy C Silicone PG316L ss Hastelloy C Silicone PH316L ss Hastelloy C SiliconePJ316L ss Hastelloy C SiliconeD1N/A - Used with pressure sealSiliconeD2Fluorinert S3SiliconeS4Fluorinert SC Silicone SD Inert9For transmitters with pressure seals, the temperature limits at the seals are shown in Table 8. The pressure seal fill fluid code is found in the pressure seal model code as shown in the following examples (fill fluid code position is underlined and bolded):PSFLTPSFLT-B2S0153PSFPS and PSFES PSFPS-A2S01334E PSFAR PSFAD-D232SSS2SBC 13M PSFAD PSFAD-D232SSS2SBC 1PSTAR PSTAR-B32USSS1BCC 34F PSTAD PSTAR-B32USSS1BCC 3PSISR PSISR-A23JSSS1SC 14M PSISD PSISD-A23JSSS1SC 1PSSCR PSSCR-D21S354H PSSCT PSSCT-B21S 55PSSSR PSSSR-B4S2354H PSSSTPSSST-B4S255T able 7. Sensor Body Operating T emperature Limits for Models Listed in T ables 5 and 6Limiting Factor T emperature LimitsSilicone Fill Fluid -46 and +121°C (-50 and +250°F)Fluorinert Fill Fluid -29 and +121°C (-20 and +250°F)Neobee Fill Fluid -18 and +204°C (0 and 400°F)(a) (b)pvdf Inserts-7 and +82°C (20 and 180°F)(a) At process connection(b) PSSSR, PSSST, IGP10, IAP10, IGP25-.M with the EPDM O ring supplied are limited to a maximum temperature of 121°C (250°F).10Process Wetted MaterialsRefer to Table 5 to determine if the process cover and sensor diaphragm material are suitable for the process. For transmitters with pressure seals, the seal wetted material is as follows:Pressure Seals PSFLT, PSFPS, and PSFESThe process wetted material code is found in the pressure seal model number which is located on the pressure seal. See following example:Pressure Seals PSFAR, PSFAD, PSTAR, PSTAD, PSISR, and PSISDT able 8. Seal Fill Fluid and Operating T emperature LimitsCode Fill FluidT emperature LimitsDirect Connected (a,b)PSFL T , PSFAD, PSTAD, PSISD, PSSCT , PSSST Remote Connected (b)PSFPS, PSFES, PSFAR,PSTAR, PSISR, PSSCR, PSSSR 1DC200, 10cS, Silicone -40 and +204°C (-40 and +400°F)-40 and +232°C (-40 and +450°F)2FC77 Fluorinert -59 and +82°C (-75 and +180°F)-59 and +82°C (-75 and +180°F)3DC200, 3cS, Silicone -40 and +149°C (-40 and +300°F)-40 and +149°C (-40 and +300°F)4DC704 (HTF) Silicone 0 and +204°C (32 and 400°F)0 and +304°C (32 and 580°F)5Neobee (c)-18 and +204°C (0 and 400°F) -18 and +204°C (0 and 400°F)(c)(a) Limited to 204°C (400°F) maximum regardless of fill fluid due to transmitter maximum temperature limits.(b)PSFAR, PSFAD, PSTAR, PSTAD, PSISR, and PSISD seals with ptfe gaskets are limited to 60°C (140°F).(c) PSSSR, PSSST, IGP10, IAP10, IGP25-.M with the EPDM O ring are limited to a maximum temperature of 121°C (250°F).T able 9. Pressure Seal PSFLT, PSFPS, and PSFES Wetted MaterialsMaterial CodeMaterial S C T316L ss Hastelloy C TantalumT able 10. Pressure Seal Lower Housing MaterialsMaterial CodeMaterialS 316 ssK Carbon Steel C Hastelloy C T Tantalum Plate ETitanium Grade 4PSFLT-B2S 0153SEAL WETTED MATERIALT able 10. Pressure Seal Lower Housing MaterialsMaterial Code MaterialL Inconel 600M Monel 400N Nickel 200G Glass Filled ptfeP Polyvinyl ChlorideT able 11. Pressure Seal Diaphragm MaterialsMaterialCode MaterialS316L ssC Hastelloy C276T TantalumE Titanium Grade 2L Inconel 600M Monel 400N Nickel 200T able 12. Pressure Seal Gasket MaterialsMaterialCode MaterialS Organic Fiber with Nitrile Binder3Silver Plated 316 ssT ptfeB Buna NV VitonG GrafoilT Silver Plated Hastelloy CThe material codes are found in the pressure seal model number which is located on the pressure seal. See following example:1112Pressure Seals PSSCRThe diaphragm material code is found in the pressure seal model number which is located on the pressure seal. See following example:The housing material is 316 ss.The gasket is provided by the user.Pressure Seals PSSCTThe housing material is 316 ss.The diaphragm material is 316L ss.The gasket is provided by the user.Pressure Seals PSSSR and PSSSTThe housing material is 316 ss.The diaphragm material is 316L ss.The gasket material is EPDM.WarningsGeneral WarningWARNING!1. T ransmitters must be installed to meet all applicable local installation regulations, such as hazardous location requirements, electrical wiring codes, and mechanical piping codes. Persons involved in the installation must be trained in these code requirements to ensure that the installation takes maximum advantage of the safety features designed into the transmitter.2. A plug is supplied with each transmitter with 1/2 NPT conduit connection. It is intended to provide moisture ingress protection of the unused housing conduit entry. The plug must be wrench tight to achieve this level of protection. Thread sealant is required. Explosion-proof applications may require a certified plug.Housings with M20 / PG 13.5 threaded conduit connections are provided with an ATEX certified plug. Thread sealant is required to provide moisture ingress protection.T able 13. Pressure Seal PSSCR Diaphragm MaterialsMaterial CodeMaterial S C316L ssHastelloy C276PSSCR-D21S 354HDIAPHRAGM MATERIAL13ATEX WarningsWARNING!Apparatus marked as Category 1 equipment and used in hazardous areas requiring this category must be installed in such a way that, even in the event of rare incidents, the versions with an aluminum alloy enclosure can not be an ignition source due to impact and friction.WARNING!Install ATEX certified transmitters in accordance with the requirements of standard EN 60079-14.WARNING!To install a transmitter labeled with multiple approvals, select and permanently mark the certification label in the tick block to distinguish the installed approval type from the unused approval types. Once installed, the transmitter cannot be reinstalled using any other approval type. Not following these instructions will jeopardize explosion safety.On IGPxx and IAPxx T ransmitters with IECEx certification, the maximum constructional gap (I c ) is less than that required by IEC 60079-1:2003 as detailed in the table below:Explosionproof/Flameproof and Enclosure WarningWARNING!1. To prevent possible explosion and to maintain explosionproof/flameproof and dust-ignitionproof protection, plug unused openings with a certified metal pipe plug. For 1/2 NPT connections, both the plug and conduit must be engaged a minimum of five full threads. For M20 and PG 13.5 connections, the certified plug provided and the conduit must be engaged a minimum of seven full threads.2. The threaded housing covers must be installed. T urn covers to seat O-ring into the housing and then continue to hand tighten until the cover contacts the housing metal-to-metal.3. If the electronics housing is removed for any reason, it must be hand tightened fully. Then engage the set screw until it bottoms out and back it off 1/8th turn . Fill the set screw recess with red lacquer (Foxboro Part Number X0180GS or equivalent). The housing then may be rotated up to one full turn in a counterclockwise direction for optimum access to adjustments.FlamepathMaximum Gap (mm)T ransducer / Plug Low0.04Lid / Window Spigot (flat part)0.04。
第一章DCS系统概述1-1-1 #1机组控制系统采用了上海福克斯波罗公司制造的I/A’S系列DCS系统。
整套DCS系统包括数据采集系统DAS、协调控制系统MCS、炉膛安全与监控系统F SSS、顺序控制系统SCS。
#1机组DEH系统和NCS系统，为新华公司产品。
改造后的#1机组采用以CRT为中心的操作和控制方式。
1-1-2 DAS系统包括锅炉、汽机、电气流程图，趋势图，成组显示，棒状图，机组日报表，事故追忆报表，SOE报表等等。
其流程图上具备实时运行参数、报警状态显示以及操作画面的调出。
1-1-3 MCS系统包括协调控制主控画面，成组操作器画面以及分布在流程图中的给水控制系统，引、送风控制系统，燃烧控制系统，主汽、再热汽温控制系统，一次风机控制系统，除氧器水位控制系统，除氧器压力控制系统，凝器水位控制系统，高加水位控制系统等等。
各子系统的自动投用可在相应的操作器上进行，协调控制方式的选择和投用在主控画面上进行。
1-1-4：FSSS系统包括燃油系统、燃煤系统、公用逻辑三大部分。
它们均分布在锅炉流程图中。
公用逻辑部分包含锅炉保护的主要内容，即炉膛吹扫、主燃料跳闸与首出原因记忆、点火条件、RUNBACK等。
燃油系统包含油层及油枪的投、切控制。
燃煤系统包含各制粉系统的控制。
1-1-5 SCS系统包括了锅炉、汽机的主要辅机、设备和系统的控制、联锁、保护和操作功能。
对重要的辅机设置了启动允许条件“P”、跳闸首出原因“T”、电气跳闸原因“F”。
1-1-6 DEH系统包括汽机控制系统DEH、小汽机控制系统MEH、旁路控制系统BPC三部分。
这三部分均可在两台DEH CRT上调出监视、操作。
1-1-7 NCS系统包括500KV、220KV和机组的公用系统三部分。
第三章控制组态在我们把 I/A‟s系统软硬件到位安装好以后，要做的工作就是把控制方案组态到机器里，这样就可以开车了。
I/A‟s 提供了一些缺省的显示操作方法。
由于 I/A‟s的开放性，我们不一定要等设备到货后才做这项工作，只要有一台装入了 PW-C 软件的个人计算机就可以把所有的组态工作做好。
在这一章我们主要学习如何使用 CIO 组态器，以及 Compound、Block 的基本概念和一些重要的模块参数，如需深入了解看请随机资料。
1. 组合模块（Compound）和模块（Block）的概念图3－1 构筑了一个液位控制回路，现场测量信号通过FBM 的第四通道接到模拟信号输入模块AIN，将其转换成数字量交PID 模块处理，PID 模块按控制要求计算阀门的开度，最后由AOUT 模块将控制阀门开度的数字量转换成模拟信号再通过FBM 的第八通道送到现场。
其中 AIO001 是 FBM 的通讯地址 (letterbug)。
在这样一个简单的控制回路中就用到了AIN、PID 和AOUT 三个模块，而且这三个模块在回路中有密切的关系，我们通常把相互有联系的模块放在一个集合中，并把这个集合称为Compound 组合模块（或功能块组合）。
控制回路由控制处理机中的组合模块和模块（或功能块）构成。
组合模块是实现控制方案的模块的逻辑集合。
模块是为实现某个控制任务的一组算法。
图3－2 表示组合模块与模块的关系。
组合模块提供了 I/A 系统集成控制（连续控制、梯形逻辑控制、顺序控制）的基础。
I/A 系统中的任一组合模块中的任一模块可以连接到另一个组合模块中的任何一个模3－1块。
模块含有决定模块性能的参数，参数值的类型有实型（Real）、布尔型（Boolean）、整形（Integer）和字符串型（String）。
图 3－2 Compound 和 Block 的关系（虚线内表示 CP）2.组合模块（Compound）和模块（Block）的功能组合模块（又称功能块组合）对它属下的模块提供下列功能：按照报警优先级对过程报警进行屏蔽，对报警设备进行分组，指示当前报警的最高级别。
电动浮筒液位变送器的原理和调校李宝华摘要：浮力式液位计应用阿基米德原理，包括恒浮力式、变浮力式两大类。
变浮力式主要是浮筒液位计，利用浮筒沉浸在液体里，根据浮筒被浸的程度不同，则浮筒所受的浮力不同，只要检测出浮筒所受浮力的变化，就可知液位的高低。
英维思-福克斯波罗-埃卡（IPS-Foxboro-Eckardt）的144LD型电动浮筒液位变送器性能优异，长期稳定性好，在国内石化装置、大化肥、大化纤上应用较多。
关键词：阿基米德原理；浮力式液位计；浮筒液位变送器；LD144；原理；调校。
引言在流程工业的生产过程中，常常需要测量某些设备（容器）内介质分界面位置，如气体-液体间的液位高度；气体-固体间的料位高度；液体-液体间的界面高度，等等。
这些液位、料位、界面的测量统称为物位测量，最常用的是液位测量。
物位测量一般是测量某一介质的高度或厚度、长度，所用测量单位多为长度单位。
物位测量的方法很多，常见的有：直读式、浮力式、静压式、电气式、声波式、核辐射式等。
其中浮力式液位计是应用最早的物位测量仪表，包括恒浮力式、变浮力式两大类，应用阿基米德原理。
恒浮力式分浮标式与浮球式，都是维持浮力不变，浮标或浮球漂浮在液面上，其位置随着液位高低而变化，当测出浮标的位置时，就能确定液位的高低或发讯报警。
如浮标液位计（浮子钢带式）、浮球液位计或液位开关（浮子杠杆式）、磁翻板液位计（浮子磁耦合式）。
变浮力式液位计主要是浮筒液位计（变送器），利用浮筒沉浸在液体里，根据浮筒被浸的程度不同，则浮筒所受的浮力不同，只要检测出浮筒所受浮力的变化，就可知液位的高低。
阿基米德原理阿基米德原理是物理学中关于力学的一条基本原理：浸在静止流体中的物体受到流体作用的合力大小等于物体排开的流体的重量，这个合力称为浮力。
浮力的大小可用下式计算：F浮= ρ液（气）·g· V排。
F - 浮力ρ- 液体或气体密度g - 重力加速度V - 物体容积（体积）阿基米德原理说明浸在液体里的物体受到向上的浮力作用，浮力的大小等于被该物体排开的液体的重力。
Focus仪表工程模式操作手册Focus仪表工程模式操作手册，刚刚在网上找到，摘自官方维修手册，贴出来大家共享一下。
仪表诊断与测试08/2005 2005 Focus 自我诊断模式，配备中等级数或高等级数仪表车辆注意：设定按钮位在方向机柱左侧的多功能开关上。
1. 要进入仪表的自我诊断模式，必须同时按住旅程表SET (设定) 按钮并将点火开关从位置0 转到位置II。
2. 当里程表的旅程液晶显示屏(LCD) 中显示' TEST (测试)' 时，表示进入自我诊断模式的确认。
在开始显示' TEST (测试)' 的三秒钟内必须放开旅程设定按钮否则仪表将会跳出自我诊断模式。
3. 要操控或跳过任何的仪表自我诊断模式测试时，按下旅程表的SET (设定) 按钮。
在各项测试之间若设定按钮被按下超过三秒钟时，则仪表将会跳出自我诊断模式。
4. 当点火开关被转到OFF 位置或被侦测到蓄电池电压过低时，自我诊断模式即被取消。
5. 如果输入到仪表的数据不完整或无效时，则旅程表LCD ‘会显示'----' 。
6. 如果无法进入自我诊断模式，则使用WDS 来诊断仪表。
注意：执行完自我诊断模式测试之后可以再执行附加的测试，但是此时无法诊断。
自我诊断模式测试里程表显示测试的仪表/指示灯/显示屏说明1. 自我诊断进入• TEST • no display 仪表建立自我诊断模式。
2. 仪表摆动• GAUGE SWEEP • no display 转速表、速度表、温度与燃油所有的仪表摆到最顶端位置然后指针缓慢的往下摆动检查。
指针必须于 3 秒钟之内摆到最顶端的位置并且于3 秒钟之内摆到归零的位置。
3. 里程表LCD Filled in black 里程表LCD 在LCD 的里程显示屏中填入里程4. 指示灯LED • LED TEST • no display 指示灯与警告指示灯点亮所有LED 警告指示灯都是由仪表所控制。
第四章显示与报警控制组态完成后, 系统已经可以按控制组态中设定的方案对过程进行控制。
I/A 提供了与老的模拟仪表相似的操作面板, 而它的操作方法要比老式仪表面板方便得多, 并且还可显示、修改许多可设定参数, 我们把这种显示称为详细显示。
详细显示不是 I/A 中唯一的显示方法, 它只是提供了一种缺省显示操作方法, 让我们做好控制组态后就能进行显示操作。
它的缺点是每次只能显示一块面板。
组显示组态让你可以在一幅屏幕上同时显示最多八块面板。
显示建立和组态则充分发挥了计算机的优越性，你可以把整个生产过程画成流程图, 这样直接在流程图上进行操作就非常直观，而且操作的方法可以由用户自己设计。
在报警方面除提供了缺省的报警显示，用户也可以通过报警组态为操作员提取报警信息通过方便。
在这一章我们要介绍面板显示和操作、组显示组态流程图的建立和组态以及报警显示和组态。
1 面板的显示与操作1.1 Compound & Block 选择从顶部菜单敲击 [Select] 键，就可以进入如图 4 - 1的 Compound & Block 选择画面。
通过这幅画面上可以直接存取 CP 中的 Compounds 和 Blocks 的详细显示。
4－1*左边列出了 CP 中所有 Compounds 名，及它们的 ON/OFF 状态。
ON/OFF 字符后面的数字表示该组合中当前有最高报警级别为该数值的报警。
如果我们是开机后第一次进入这幅画面，由于还没有指定 CP 名，这里会是空白的，没有组合名列表。
*右边列出了当前选定的那个 Compound 中的模块名列表与它们的工作状态，同样有当前最高报警级别的显示。
在 Compound 名没有确定前，这里也是空白。
*中间的对话框提供了搜索和选取 CP，Compound，Block 的方法。
在 CP NAME 对话框中填入一个你想要的 CP 名，这时左边就列出该 CP 下所有的Compound。
DCS求助编辑百科名片DCS是分布式控制系统的英文缩写（Distributed Control System），在国内自控行业又称之为集散控制系统。
即所谓的分布式控制系统，或在有些资料中称之为集散系统，是相对于集中式控制系统而言的一种新型计算机控制系统，它是在集中式控制系统的基础上发展、演变而来的。
它是一个由过程控制级和过程监控级组成的以通信网络为纽带的多级计算机系统，综合了计算机，通信、显示和控制等4C技术，其基本思想是分散控制、集中操作、分级管理、配置灵活以及组态方便。
目录数字蜂窝系统分布式控制系统基本介绍形态组成具体含义发展历史第一阶段第二阶段第三阶段特点介绍高可靠性开放性灵活性易于维护协调性控制功能齐全DCS的结构国内外应用分散控制系统流程工业CIMS主要厂家相关问答相关控制系统总述PLCFCS系统差异应用差异发展前景结论下坡缓速控制（DCS)记录仪（超小型DCS）数字蜂窝系统分布式控制系统基本介绍形态组成具体含义发展历史第一阶段第二阶段第三阶段特点介绍高可靠性开放性灵活性易于维护协调性控制功能齐全DCS的结构国内外应用分散控制系统流程工业CIMS主要厂家相关问答相关控制系统总述PLCFCS系统差异应用差异发展前景结论下坡缓速控制（DCS)记录仪（超小型DCS）展开编辑本段数字蜂窝系统DCS （Digital Cellular System ）数字蜂窝系统简称DCS ，常见于手机频率。
如DCS1800 编辑本段分布式控制系统基本介绍首先，DCS的骨架—系统网络，它是DCS的基础和核心。
由于网络对于DCS整个系统的实时性、可靠性和扩充性，起着决定性的作用，因此各厂家都在这方面进行了精心的设计。
对于DCS的系统网络来说，它必须满足实时性的要求，即在确定的时间限度内完成信息的传送。
这里所说的“确定”的时间限度，是指在无论何种情况下，信息传送都能在这个时间限度内完成，而这个时间限度则是根据被控制过程的实时性要求确定的。
