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经典故事英语作文：小马过河One day, a colt carried a bag of wheat to the mill.As he was running with the bag on his back, he came to a small river. Water went gurgling on. The colt could not decide whether he could cross it. Looking around, he saw a cow grazing nearby. He asked, "Uncle Cow, could you tell me if I can cross the river?" the cow told him that he could and that the river was not very deep, just to his knees.The colt was crossing the river when a squirrel jumped down a tree and stopped him. The squirrel shouted, "Colt, stop! You'll be drowned! One of my friends was drowned yesterday just in the river." Not knowing what to do, the colt went home to consult his mom.He told his mom his experience on the way. His mother said, "My child, don't always listen to others. You'd better go and try yourself. Then you'll know what to do."Just at the river, the squirrel stopped the colt again. "Little horse, it's too dangerous!" "No, I want to have a try by myself", answered the colt. Then he crossed the river carefully. On the other side of the river, the colt realized that the river was neither as shallow as the cow said nor as as deep as the squirrel told him.The fable tells us a truth: real knowledge comes from practices.一天，老马让小马驮着半口袋麦子到磨坊去磨面。

1.地理altitude海拔高度Antarctic南极的Antarctica南极洲Arctic北极的arid 干旱的Basin盆地canal运河Canyon峡谷cavern (cave)巨洞，洞窑channel海峡cleft 缝隙，劈开的cliff悬崖coastland沿海地区collide碰撞continent大陆continental drift大陆漂移continental island 大陆岛continental shelf 大陆架contour 轮廓，等高线copper铜coral island珊瑚岛core地核core地核cosmopolitan世界性的crack 裂缝crest山顶crevice (墙壁,岩石等的)裂缝crust地壳cycle天体的轨道dam水坝debris碎片delta三角洲demolish破坏,粉碎deposit 堆积物；沉淀物；沉积；矿床desert 沙漠diffuse传播,扩散disintegration分解dispose处理,处置distribute散布,分布diversity多样性dormant休眠的（火山）drill钻孔earthquake地震ebb衰落edge边缘,边界elevation抬升；高地；海拔eliminate排除endemic 风土的，地方的epicenter震中equator赤道erode侵蚀erosion腐蚀，侵蚀evaporation蒸发Expedition 探险extinct volcano死火山extract 开采，提炼fault plane 断层面fieldstone卵石flaw裂缝formation 形成frontier边境frost heaving冻涨现象gap缝隙geographer 地理学家geography地理geothermal 地热的gorge峽谷Grand Canyon大峡谷gulf（arm）海湾hemisphere 半球highland 高地hillside 山坡horizon地平线horizontal 水平的igneous rock火成岩incandescent 白炽的infertile贫瘠的insular 海岛的insulate隔离island 岛屿islet小岛latitude纬度ledge矿层，矿脉longitude 经度，经线lowland低地margin 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enzyme消化酶digestive system 消化系统dinosaur恐龙diving 潜水dolphin海豚domesticate驯养eagle 鹰earthworm蚯蚓echolocation声波定位ecologist生态学家ecology生态学ecosystem生态系统eel鳗鲡eland 大羚羊electric fish 发电鱼endangered species濒危物种Entomology昆虫学environment 环境evolution 进化excretory system排泄系统exposure 暴露extinction灭绝falcon猎鹰fang 毒牙fauna动物群feather羽毛，翎毛fertilize使…受精；施肥finch 雀(如燕雀、金翅雀等)flock羊群fluffy茸毛似的food chain 食物链form-changing animal变形动物fowl家禽frog青蛙fuzzy有茸毛的genetics 遗传学genus种类glue-like胶状golden eagle鹫gorilla大猩猩grasshopper蚂蚱greasy多脂的gregarious (social)群居的habitat 栖息地hair毛发hatch孵化hawk鹰herbivore食草动物herbivorous食草的herd兽群heredity遗传hibernation冬眠hide兽皮hive蜂巢homotherm恒温动物hopper单足跳者；跳虫〔如跳蚤、干酪蛆等）hormonal system内分泌系统hormone荷尔蒙，激素horn 角hornet 大黄蜂hump驼峰ingestion 摄食insect昆虫insecticide杀虫剂invertebrate无脊椎动物jaw 颚jellyfish水母larva幼虫；幼体（pl:lavae）lizard蜥蜴lobster龙虾mammal哺乳动物mandible下颚,下颚骨mantis螳螂marine biology海洋生物学mate交配metamorphosis变形microbe微生物migrate迁移migratory迁移的molecule 分子mollusk软体动物molt脱毛monogamous一雌一雄的；单配的moose驼鹿moth蛾子multiply繁殖mutation 变种natural 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地衣,苔藓malnutrition营养不良marsh plant沼泽植物meadow 草地；牧场metabolism 新陈代谢morphology形态学moss苔藓nectar 花蜜nitrogen氮nourish 施肥于;滋养noxious有害的nutrition营养odor气味parasitic plant 寄生植物peculiarity特性peel (skin)果皮perennial 多年生的perennial plant多年生植物petal花瓣Photosynthesis光合作用pine松树pollen花粉pollinate对…授粉pollination授粉polygamous杂性的prairie大草原protein 蛋白质protoplasm原生质rain forest雨林ranch大农场raptor猛禽，肉食鸟redwood红木树root根部scent气味，嗅猎seed plant种子植物shoot (sprout)嫩芽；抽枝shrub (bush)灌木soybean大豆sprout 发芽spruce云杉stalk 柄stem茎stimulant刺激物toxic residue残毒tropical plant热带植物tundra plant 冻原植物twig小树枝vine藤walnut胡桃木wither (shrivel; fade)凋谢。

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TPO-2TPO 02 – Listening PartConversationNarratorListen to a conversation between a student and a professor.StudentUh, excuse me, Professor Thompson. Iknow your office hours are tomorrow, but I was wondering if you had a few minutes freenow to discuss something.ProfessorSure, John. What did you want to talkabout?StudentWell, Ihave some quick questions about how to writeup theresearch project I did this semester—about climate variations.ProfessorOh, yes. You were looking at variations in climate in the Grant Cityarea, right?How far along have you gotten?StudentI’ve got all mydata, so I’m starting to summarize it now,preparing graphs and stuff.But I’m just. . . I’m looking at it and I’m afraid that it’s not enough, but I’m not sure what else to put in the report.ProfessorI hear thesame thing from everystudent. You know,you have t o remember now that you’retheexperton what you’ve done. So, think about what you’d need to include if you weregoing to explain your research project to someone with generalor casual knowledge about thesubject,like . . .like your parents. That’s usual lymy rule ofthumb: would myparentsunderstand this?StudentOK. I getit.ProfessorI hope you can recognizeby mysaying that how much you do know about thesubject.StudentRight.I understand. I was wondering if I should also include the notesfrom the researchjournalyou suggested I keep.ProfessorYes, definitely.You should use themto indicate what your evolution in thought was through time.So, just setup, you know, what was the purpose ofwhat you were doing—to tryto understandthe climate variabilityof this area—and what you did, and what your approach was.StudentOK. So, for example,I studied meteorological records; Ilooked at climate charts; I used differentmethods for analyzing the data, like certain statistical tests; and thenI discuss theresults. Isthat what you mean?ProfessorYes, that’s right. You should include allof that.The statistical tests areespecially important.And also be sure you include a good referencesection whereall your published and unpublisheddat a came from, ‘cause you have a lot of unpublished climate data.StudentHmm . .. something just came into mymind and wentout the other side.ProfessorThat happens to me a lot, so I’ve come up with a prettygood memory management tool. Icarryalit tle pad with me allthe time and jot down questions or ideas that I don’t want to forget.Forexample,I wentto the doctor with mydaughter and her baby son last week and we knew wewouldn’t remembereverything we wanted toask thedoctor, so we actually made a list offivethings we wanted answers to.StudentA notepad is a good idea. Since I’m so busy now at the end ofthe semester,I’m getting prettyforgetfulthese days. OK. I just remembered what I wastrying to say before.ProfessorGood. I was ho ping you’d come up with it.StudentYes. Itends up that I have data on more than just the immediate Grant Cityarea, so Ialsoincluded some regional data in the report.With everything else it should be a pretty goodindicator of the climate in this part of thestate.ProfessorSounds good. I’d be happy to look over a draft version before you hand in thefinal copy,if youwish.StudentGreat.I’ll plan to get you a draft of the paper by nextFriday. Thanks very much. Well,see ya.ProfessorOK.LectureNarratorListen to part ofa lecturein a philosophy class.ProfessorOK. Another ancient Greekphilosopher we need to discuss is Aristotle—Aristotle’s ethicaltheory.What Aristotle’s ethical theory is allabout is this: he’s trying to s how you how to behappy—what truehappiness is.Now,why is he interested in human happiness? It’s not just because it’s something that allpeople want to aim for. It’s more than that.But to get there we need to first make a veryimportant distinction. Letme introduce a couple oftechnicalterms: extrinsic value and intrinsicvalue. To understand Aristotle’s interest in happiness, you need to understand this distinction.Some things weaim for and value, not for themselvesbut for what theybring about in additionto themselves. IfI value something as a means to something else, then it has what we will call“extrinsic value.” Otherthings we desire and hold to be valuable for themselvesalone. Ifwevalue something not as a means to something else,but for itsown sake, letus say that it has“intrinsic value.” Exercise. Theremay be some people who value exercise for itself, but I don’t.Ivalue exercise because if Iexercise, I tend to stay healthier than I would if I didn’t. SoI desire to engage in exercise and I value exercise extrinsically .. . not for its own sake, but as ameans to something beyond it. Itbrings me good health.Health.Why do Ivalue good health? Well, hereit getsa littlemore complicated for me.Um,health is important for me because Ican’t . ..do other things I want to do— play music, teachphilosophy—if I’m ill. So health is important to me—has value to me—as a meansto a productivelife. Buthealth is also important to me because I just kind oflike to be healthy—it feelsgood. It’spleasant to be healthy,unpleasant not to be. So to some degreeI value health both for itselfandas a means to something else: productivity.It’s got extrinsic and intrinsic value for me. Thenthere’s some things that are just valued for themselves. I’m a musician, not a professionalmusician; I just play a musical instrument for fun. Why do I value playing music? Well,like mostamateur musicians, I only play because, well, Ijust enjoy it.It’s something that’s an end in itself.Now,something else I value is teaching. Why? Well, it brings in a modest income,but Icouldmake more moneydoing otherthings. I’d do it even if theydidn’t payme. I just enjoy teaching.In that sense it’s an end to itself.But teaching’s not something that has int rinsic value for allpeople—and that’s true generally.Most things that areenjoyed in and of themselvesvary fromperson to person.Some people value teaching intrinsically, but othersdon’t. So how does allthis relateto humanhappiness? Well, Aristotle asks: is theresomething that all human beings value .. . and valueonly intrinsically,for itsown sake and only for itsown sake? Ifyou could find such a thing, thatwould be the universal final good, or trulythe ultimate purpose or goal for all human beings.Aristotle thought the answer was yes. What is it?Happiness. Everyone will agree,he argues, thathappiness is theultimate end to be valued for itselfand really only for itself. For what otherpurpose is therein being happy? What does it yield? The attainment ofhappiness becomes theultimate or highest good for Aristotle.The nextquestion that Aristotle raises is: what is happiness? We all want it; weall desire it; weall seekit. It’s thegoal we have in life. But what is it? How do we fin d it? Here he notes,withsome frustration, people disagree.But he does give us a couple ofcriteria, or features, to keep inmind as welook for what true human happiness is. True human happiness should be,as he putsit, plete in that it’s allwe require. Well,true human happiness .. . if you had that,what else do you need?Nothing. And, second, truehappiness should be something that I canobtain on myown. I shouldn’t have torely on other people for it. Many people value fame andseekfa me. Fame for them becomesthegoal. But,according toAristotle, this won’t work either,because fame dependsaltogether too much on other people.I can’t getit on myown, withouthelp from other people. Inthe end, Aristotle says that true happiness is theexercise of reason—alife of intellectualcontemplation . . .of thinking. So let’s see how he comes tothat.LectureNarratorListen to part ofa psychology lecture.The professor is discussing behaviorism.ProfessorNow,many people consider John Watson tobe the founder ofbehaviorism. And like otherbehaviorists, he believed that psychologists should study only the behaviors theycan observeand measure. They’renot interested in mentalprocesses. While a person could describe histhoughts, no one else can see or hear them toverify the accuracyof his report.Butone thing youcan observe is muscular habits. What Watson did wasto observe muscular habits because heviewed them as a manifestation of thinking. One kind ofhabit that he studied are laryngealhabits. Watson thought laryngeal habits . . .you know, from larynx, in other words, relatedto thevoice box . . . he thought those habits were an expression of thinking. Heargued that for veryyoung children, thinking is really talking out loud to oneself because theytalk out loud even ifthey’renot trying to communicate with someone in particular. Asthe individual matures, thatovert talking to oneselfbecomes coverttalking to oneself, but thinking still shows up as alaryngeal habit. One ofthe bits ofevidence that supportsthis is that when people are trying tosolve a problem, they, um, typically have increased muscular activityin the throat region. That is,if you put electrodeson the throatand measure muscle potential—muscle activity—you discoverthat when people are thinking, like if they’re diligently trying to solve a problem, thatthere ismuscular activity in the throat region.So, Watson made the argument that problem solving, or thinking, can be defined as a set ofbehaviors—a set of responses—and in this case theresponse he observed was the throat activity.That’s what he means when he calls it a laryngeal habit. Now,as Iam thinking about what I amgoing to be saying, mymuscles in mythroat are responding. So, thinking can be measured asmuscle activity.Now,the motor theory.. . yes?StudentProfessor Blake,um, did he happen to look at people who sign? I mean deaf people?ProfessorUh, he did indeed,um, and to jump ahead, what one finds in deafindividuals who use sign language when they’re given problems ofvarious kinds, theyhave muscular changes in their hands when theyaretrying to solve a problem .. . muscle changes in the hand, just like themuscular changes going on in the throat region for speaking individuals. So,for Watson, thinkingis identicalwith the activity ofmuscles. A related conceptof thinking was developed by William James. It’s called ideomotor action.Ideomotoraction is an activity that occurswithout our noticing it,without our being aware ofit.I’ll give you one simple example.Ifyou think of locations, theretends to be eyemovement thatoccurswith your thinking about that location. In particular,from wherewe’resitting, imaginethat you’re asked tothink of our university library. Well, if you close your eyesand think of thelibrary, and if you’re sitting directlyfacing me,then according tothis notion, your eyeballs willmove slightly to theleft, to your left, ‘cause the library’s in that generaldirection.James and otherssaid that this is an idea leading to a motor action, and that’s why it’s called“ideomotor action”—an idea leads to motor activity.Ifyou wish to impress your friends andrelatives, you can change this simple process into a magic trick. Ask people to do something suchas I’ve just described: think ofsomething on theirleft; think of something on their right. You getthem to thinkabout two things on eitherside with their eyesclosed, and you watch their eyesverycarefully. And if you do that, you’ll discover that you can see rather clearlythe eyemovement—that is, you can see themovement of the eyeballs. Now,then you say, thinkofeitherone and I’ll tellwhich you’rethinki ng of.OK. Well, Watson makesthe assumption that muscular activity is equivalent to thinking. Butgiven everything we’ve been talking about here,one has to ask: are therealternativesto thismotor theory—this claim that muscular activitiesare equivalent to thinking? Isthereanythingelse that might accountfor thischange in muscular activity,otherthan saying that it is thinking?And theanswer is clearlyyes. Isthereany way to answer the question definitively? I think theanswer is no.LectureNarratorListen to part ofa lecturein an astronomy class. You will not need to rememberthe numbers theprofessor mentions.ProfessorOK. Let’s get going. Today I’m going to talkabout how the asteroid belt was discovered.And .. . I’m going to start bywriting some numbers on the board. Heretheyare:We’ll startwith zero,then 3, .. . 6, .. . 12.Uh, tellme what I’m doing.Female studentMultiplying by2?ProfessorRight.I’m doubling thenumbers, so 2 times12 is 24, and the nextone I’m going to w riteafter 24would be . ..Female student48.Professor48. Then 96. We’ll stop therefor now. Uh, now I’ll writeanother row of numbers under that.Tellme what I’m doing. 4, 7, 10 . . .How am Igetting this second row?Male StudentAdding 4 to the numbers in the first row.ProfessorI’m adding 4 to each number in the first row to give you a second row.So the last two will be 52,100, and now tellme what I’m doing.Female StudentPutting in a decimal?ProfessorYes, Idivided all t hose numbersby 10 by putting in a decimal point. Now I’m going to writethenames ofthe planets under the numbers. Mercury. .. Venus. . . Earth.. .Mars. So,what do thenumbers mean? Do you rememberfrom the reading?Male StudentIsit the distance of theplanets from theSun?ProfessorRight.In astronomical units—not perfect, but tantalizingly close. The value for Marsis off by. . .6or 7 percentor so. It’s . .. but it’s within 10 percentof theaverage distance to Marsfrom theSun.But Ikind of hav e toskip the one afterMars for now. Then Jupiter’s right thereat 5-pointsomething, and then Saturn is about 10 astronomical units from the Sun. Um, well, thispattern isknown as Bode’s Law.Um, it isn’t really a scientific law, not in thesense of predi cting gravitationmathematically or something, but it’s attempting a pattern in the spacing ofthe planets, and itwas noticed byBode hundreds of years ago. Well,you can imagine thatthere was some interestin whythe 2.8 spot in the pattern was skipped, and um . .. but therewasn’t anything obviousthere,in the earlytelescopes. Then what happened in the late 1700s? The discovery of . .. ?Female StudentAnother planet?ProfessorThe nextplanet out,Uranus—after Saturn. And look, Uranus fits in the next spot in the patternprettynicely,um, not perfectly,but close. And so then people got really excitedabout thevalidityof this thing and finding the missing object between Marsand Jupiter.And telescopes,remember,weregetting better.So people wentto work on finding objectsthat would be at thatmissing distance from theSun, and then in 1801, the object Cereswas discovered.And Cereswas in the right place—themissing spot. Uh,but it was waytoo faint to be a planet. Itlooked like a little star. Uh, and because of itsstarlike appearance, um, it was called an“asteroid.” OK? “Aster” is Greekfor “star,” as in “astronomy.” Um,and so, Cereswas the firstand is thelargest ofwhat became many objectsdiscovered at that same distance. Not just onething, but all the objectsfound at thatdistance from the asteroid belt. So the asteroid belt is themost famous success ofthis Bode’s Law.That’s how the asteroid belt was discovered.LectureNarratorListen to part ofa lecturefrom a Botanyclass.ProfessorHi, everyone. Good tosee you all today.Actually, I expected the population to be a lot lowertoday.It typically runs between 50 and 60 percenton the day theresearch paper is due. Um, I was hoping to have your examsback today,but, uh, the situation was that Iwent away for theweekend, and Iwas supposed to get in yesterdayat five, and I expected tofully completeall the examsby midnight or so, which is the time that Iusually go to bed,but myflight was delayed,and Iended up not getting in unt ilone o’clock in the morning. Anyway,I’ll do mybest to have them finished by the nexttime we meet.OK. In the last class, we started talking about useful plant fibers. In particular,we talked about cotton fibers, which we said were veryuseful, not only in thetextile industry,but also in the chemicalindustry,and in the production of manyproducts, such as plastics,paper,explosives,and so on. Todaywe’ll continue talking about useful fibers, and we’ll begin with a fiber that’s commonly known as “Manila hemp.” Now, for some strange reason, manypeople believe thatManila hemp is a hemp plant. But Manila hemp is not really hemp. It’s actually a member of the banana family—it even bears littlebanana-shaped fruits. The “Manila” part of thename makes sense, because Manila hemp is produced chiefly in the Philippine Islands and, ofcourse, the capitalcity ofthe Philippines is Manila.Now,as fibers go,Manila hemp fibers arevery long. Theycan easily be severalfeetin length and they’realso verystrong, veryflexible. Theyhave one more characteristic that’s veryimportant, and that is that theyare exceptionally resistant to salt water.And this combination ofcharacteristics—long, strong, flexible, resistant to salt water—makes Manila hemp a greatmaterialfor ropes, especially for ropesthat are gonna be used on ocean-going ships. In fact,bythe early1940’s, even though steelcableswere available, most ships in the United StatesNavywerenot moored with steelcables; theyweremoored with Manila hemp ropes.Now,whywas that? Well,the main reason wasthat steelcablesdegrade very, veryquickly incontactwith salt water.Ifyou’ve ever been to San Francisco, you know that the Golden GateBridge is red.And it’s red because ofthe zinc paint that goes on those stainless steelc ables. That, if theystartat one end ofthe bridge and theywork to theother end, bythe time theyfinish, it’s already time togo back and start painting the beginning of the bridge again, because the bridge was built with steelcables, and steelcablescan’t takethe salt air unless they’re treatedrepeatedly with a zinc-based paint.On the other hand, plant products like Manila hemp, you can drag through the ocean for weekson end.Ifyou wanna tie your anchor to it and drop it right into theocean, that’s no p roblem,because plant fibers can stand up for months, evenyears, in direct contactwith salt water.OK.So how do you take plant fibers that individually you could break with your hands and turn them into a rope that’s strong enough to moor a ship that w eighs thousands of tons? Well,what youdo is you extract these long fibers from the Manila hemp plant, and then you takeseveral of these fibers, and you group them into a bundle, because by grouping the fibers you greatlyincrease their breaking strength—that bundle of fibers is much stronger than any of theindividual fibers that compose it.And then you takethat bundle offibers and you twist it a little bit, because by twisting it, you increase itsbreaking strength even more. And then you take severalof these little bundles, and you group and twist them into bigger bundles, which you then group and twist into even bigger bundles, and so on, until eventually,you end up with a very, verystrong rope.源于：小马过河相关推荐：2012年11月18日托福写作真题解析2012年11月18日托福口语真题解析2012年11月18日托福阅读真题解析2012年11月18日托福听力真题解析。

小马过河 2011 年1 月托福阅读&听力机经预测2009年11月21日2009年11月14日2009年11月8日2009年9月12日2009年9月20日2009年10月10日2009年10月18日2009年10月24日2009年10月31日2009年2月28日2009年8月22日2009年5月9日2009年6月27日2009年12月5日2009年12月20日2009 年1月23日2009年4月3日2009年3月27日2010年2月13日2010年2月27日2010年3月6日2010年3月12日阅读和听力机经使用建议1、了解听力和阅读文章的话题。

熟悉话题的好处使考场上能更集中文章的 注意力。

2、熟悉文章 Outline（结构）。

大体上的结构有助于文字信息识别和筛选3、记忆重点细节。

考生能回忆出的细节一定都是重要的细节，非常值得我 们记住甚至背诵，细节为一些文章的知识点，带着细节的了解再去听、读 文章的效果是事半功倍的。

4、牢记考点。

按照每篇文章考生的回忆考点题目，背诵答案！5、熟记词汇。

词汇是文章最微小的元素，提前掌握词汇会让你在考场上如 履薄冰，所向披靡的！——词汇都遇到了自己熟悉的词汇，你会觉得无比 擅长文章的！经典加试参见如下链接：TOEFL 经典加试------听力/forum-viewthread-tid-84172-fromuid-254284.html托福经典加试------阅读/forum-viewthread-tid-84174-fromuid-254284.html2009年11月21日阅读1. 关于雅典Athens 的民主发展的历程。

先将随着city-state 的兴起(好像是poleis)就是希腊的城邦制，形成了自己的政权，早期都是贵族统治. 按时间顺序分别介绍了Solon (594 BC), Pisistratus, Cleisthenes (509 BC),对民主形成的贡献。

McKie• • 2010 8 5VESTIBULUM LORMEW: So how do you like living in the renovated dorms?M: There aren’t much different than the old dorms, just some new pane and windows. The windows are nice so they shut off the noise really well. The street’s just outside, but I can barely hear the traffic.W: Um, they must be good windows, I bet they must have double panes and glass; they shut off a lot of noise that the single pane wouldn’t stop.M: Yeah, I wish I had something just the factor between me and my neighbor’s room. Sometimes he turns up the music so loud that I have trouble getting into sleep. Anyway I guess I’m better off than the people who’ll be moving into the new dorms. Did you see how thin the walls are that they putting up between those rooms?W: I haven’t seen them but I did read something about them in the campus newspaper. They are supposed to be better than the thick concrete wall you’ve got here.M: Better? How?W: Well, what they doing is separating each room with 2 thin layer of plasterboards and each one is nailed to a different frame. That way they vibrate independently.M: Oh, I see, so the sound from one room doesn’t just vibrate the wall and go directly into next room. There is a gap between 2 layers of wall.W: That’s right.M: Well, I’m still stuck with this neighbor and I am not sure what to do.W: You know heavy bear wall doesn’t help. You should hang something up like some fur rags or some decorated cross. That would act like a kind of a second wall and absorb some sound. I got some extras you can use, people hey.M: I’d appreciate it; anything to get a good night sleep.1 2 3W: Can I help you find something? Oh, hi, Rick!M: Oh, hi, Julie. When did you start working here? I thought you were waiting tables in Teresa’s café.W: Yeah, I quitted, because I had to work too many nights. I started here just a few days ago. It’s perfect! I work all afternoon shift. So my mornings are free for classes, and I can study at night. So what are you looking for?M: Well, I can’t seem to find the 8th book for English 626. I only found these seven. I’m probably looking right at itW: Um…English 626…English 626… Are you sure they are 8?M: Yeah, they are 8 titles on my syllabus. And look, the card on the shelf had eight listed. But I can only find seven of the books.W: You are right. Oh, here they are. They are on the wrong shelves over here by economics books.I’ll have to put these into the English books so they are not so hard to find.M: Thanks a lot. Can you point me the direction of the computer paper?W: Sure, it’s… 2 or 3 aisles over. Why don’t you follow me? It’s easier just to show you.1 2 3M: Janet! Nice to see you again. Ready to plan you schedule for next semester?W: Yeah, I’ve already looked at the list of classes. And I hope to take business law and intro tofinance this coming semester.M: That sounds good. And it is always best plans the courses in your major first and then fit out the requirements on the electives then.W: I like to take one other business course, but I am not sure which one?M: How are about an economics course?W: I took one this past semester and got a lot out of it.M: Oh, that’s right I remember you telling me about it. Well, let’s see what else you need? W: I need another English course and was thinking about taking a poetry class.M: Let me see, the prerequisite for all the poetry classes is the English composition.W: I took that my first semester.M: Well, modern American poetry fits in your scheduleW: With Doctor Turner?M: Um-huh…W: That’ll be great! I heard all about her from my roommate, the English major.M: This should up tobe a pretty good semester for you, what else do you need to take?W: I have to take one more math course but I have been putting it at all. I heard that calculus is really tough.M: It is! But you may want to take it and just take these four courses this semester.W: That’s not a bad idea! I just hope it doesn’t affect my grade point average!1 2 3W: Excuse me. Do you mind if I ask you a few questions?M: No I guess not.M: Great! This is for a student council report; we want to find out what students think the campus food service the results would tell us what kind of changes to push for.M: I think everyone has pretty strong opinions about that.W: Yeah, that’s one thing I found out already. Ok, first how often do you eat in the cafeteria? M: Almost everyday, I’ve got a meal contract.W: And do you usually eat here at Anderson hall.M: Yeah, I live next door.W: And you mention that you have a meal contract, is that right?M: Uh-huh! For breakfast and dinner, Monday to Saturday.W: What’s your general impression of the food here?M: Well, people complain a lot, but basically I think it’s ok. The vegetables are usually overcooked, but I mean they had to feed hundreds of people here. You are not going to get something freshly prepared just for you.W: What if I just put down generally satisfactory, would like more fresh vegetables, ok?M: Sure.W: So you think the other things like soup and dessert’s okay?M: Yeah, that’s about right.W: Is there anything you like to change about the cafeteria?M: Yes, the hours. Sometimes it’s a real rush for me to get back here before 6:30.1 2 34 5W: Excuse me! I need to a copy of Steven Hakim’s Brief History of Time. And I don’t know where to look for it?M: Did you check the status on the library’s computer?W: I tried but I couldn’t figure out what to do.M: Well I can call it up right here. You wanted Hakim’s book right? It looks like it will be out for another 6 weeks.W: Oh no, I really need it for paper that due in 2 weeks. Is there anything you can do?M: Sure, we can try to get it from another library, just fill out this form and it should be here in 3 or 5 days. But it will cost 2 dollars.W: What a relief! That’s a really help!**********************************************************M: Good morning. Is this where we should come to add or drop a course?W: Yes, it is. Just write the name of the course you want to drop on this little form.M: Great! Now where do I write the Astronomy course that I want to add?W: Sorry it’s too late to add a course. You could only add courses two weeks since this semester. And Friday was the last day.M: But I’m senior. And if I dropped the class without adding in one, I wouldn’t have enough credits to graduate.W: So, what you have to do then is to get the professor’s approval and have him sign the special add form. Then bring it back to me, and I put it through.M: Okay. Thanks. I hope I’ll be able to find them.**********************************************************M: Hi, Lanyard, we missed you in psychology class yesterday.W: I have a terrible cough. So I stayed at home. Do you take notes?M: Well, no one can ever recite for my handwriting. Tina was there, too. And you are more likely to be able to read her notes.W: Do you know where she is today?M: I know she has class in the morning. But she always eats lunch in the cafeteria around noon.W: Good! I’ll try to catch her then.M: So you are going to be writing for the school newspaper?W: Yes, I’m excited about it. I’m thinking about journalism as a career.M: Well! Congratulations! How do they decide whom to hire?W: I have to send the writing sample. I used one of the essays I’ve written for the literature class, then the editor assigned me a topic to write a short article about it.M: What did you write about?W: Actually, it was a lot of fun. I wrote about the students’ play that has been performed this month.M: Oh, I saw that play. The director is a friend of mine. It really called in a stir around here. W: Yeah, I know. That’s what I wrote about --people’s reaction to it. It’s really interesting. M: Have you finished the article? Can I read it?W: Sure. I just made a couple of copies. So you can have one.M: Thanks. I wish I were a better writer. Working for the paper sounds like fun.W: Well, they’re looking to add one or two more photographers to the staff.M: You’re kidding! May be I’ll go over and apply.W: If you want, I’ll walk over with you to the newspaper office and introduce you to the photographic editor and some of the other photographers.M: That will be terrific! But can we go tomorrow? I have to go to math class now. And if we go tomorrow, then I’ll have time tonight to put together a portfolio of photographs to show them.W: Sure. And maybe you should call them and set up a time to meeting them tomorrow. M: Good idea. I’ll do that before I go to class.W: All right. See you tomorrow.1 23 4 5W: Hey, Kevin, I haven’t seen you since the beginning of the semester, how is it going? M: Well, I am a little overwhelmed. It’s strange. I always want to go to a big university like this but now I am here. I am not so sure. I mean the courses are interesting enough, but… W: What’s bothering you then?M: Well after going to a small high school and knowing everybody it’s a pretty shagged to be in huge lecture hall with hundreds of students. And not one professor even knows my name. W: I know you mean. I’ve so pretty lost myself last year but I know about something that might help. It’s called the mentor group.M: The what?W: The mentor group. It’s like a support group. I joined it last year when I was a first year student.M: So what is it?W: It’s basically professors and small group of students getting together informally to discuss all kinds of subjects. You have the chance to meet professors and other students.M: Hem, sounds worthwhile, but doesn’t it take up a lot of studying timeW: Not really, you can study all the time you know and this is like a little break.M: I guess you could meet professor whose course you might take later!W: Exactly, that’s what happened to me! I am taking the psychology course with Professor Green. I didn’t know how interesting psychology was, till I got to talk to him in the mentor group.M: You talk to him in the mentor group! Is it too late to join?W: I don’t think so; if I were you I go over to the dean’s office and sign up.M: I was going to the library to return a book but I can do it later I guess.1 2 3 xx4W: Here we are at registration again; I can’t believe how much tuition has gone up.M: I know. It’s ridiculous. You know my cousin Anne pays nothing to go her school in Kentucky.W: Nothing! Maybe I should transfer there.M: You can’t, only students from certain part of Kentucky can go. It’s only for students from the Appalachian Mountains area.W: So with no tuition how do they run the school?M: Well, they get a lot of donations.W: And that pays for everything?M: Well, they also get some money from the government and besides that all the students are required to work at the college. That’s why the college doesn’t need to hire a lot ofoutside-workers.W: Oh yeah, that will help cut the school expenses, so what kind of job do they do?M: My cousin helps to clean the dorms. I think her roommate washes dishes in the cafeteria. Things like that.W: That sounds great! Come to think of it. I heard of something in Georgia called hope scholarship.M: Hope scholarship? What’s that?W: I think they used state lottery money to give free tuition. But not everyone from Georgia qualifies. You need at least B average in high school.M: I should apply for that. I had really good grades in high school.W: No, you had to be from Georgia.M: Just my luck.1 2 xx3W: What’s the matter? I’ve never seen you look so tense?M: Oh, I am just frustrated. That’s all. I have been working on this lab report for my biology class for hours and the results keep coming out wrong.W: Did you use the right procedures?M: Yeah, that’s not the problem…it’s just the…well, it’s just, you know every time I do the statistics I get the different results. Did you ever take biology?W: No, I fill my science requirement with physics, I really don’t care for biology especially dissection. I must pass it down in high school. We had to cut open that.M: Ok, I get the picture, I am bit squish myself but biology requires the least math, which isn’t my best subject. I really don’t see why we even have to take science classes if we are not major in it. I am never going to use this in the real life.W: Well that’s not the point really, a college graduate suppose to be well-rounded it. You knowwith broad education. You can only specialize in grad school.M: Sure, if I ever get there. It just seems I run one biology lab report could stand in the wave of brilliant career in sociology.W: You don’t be silly; you will manage somehow. See how come you don’t have the result for one of your XXX to write down.M: Whoops! I must forgot to add it in. No wonder my figures were messed up!1 2 3 xx 4 5W: Hi, Mark, how is it going?M: Well, not so great.W: What's wrong?M: I’ve got a big problem with the poetry course that’s required for my major.W: Is it all sold up?M: No, no, there's plenty room, but there's prerequisite. I’ve got to take an introduction to poetry before I can take the special course in poets of the 1960's, and the introductory course is only offered in the evenings.W: You don't like evening classes?M: No, that's not the point. I work in the cafeteria every evening; I need the money to pay my tuition.W: Can you ask someone that work to switch hours with you? Maybe you could just switch a couple of evening since the course probably only needs two times a week?M: I wish I could, my boss just did me a favor by putting me on evenings. And he'll hit the ceiling if I ask to change again.W: Wait a minute, I have an idea, have you checked the course over at the community college? They might offer intro-to-poetry course during the day!M: Hey, that's a great idea! I am free this afternoon, I think I'll go over and check it out.W: Yeah, their courses are actually cheaper and you can transfer the credits over here!M: Thank for the advice, Linda. I'll let you know what happens.W: Sure, Mark, good luck! Oh, while you there, could you find out when the pool is open? M: No problem.1 2 3 45M: I'm really glad we got Cindy to be in our study group.W: That's for sure, his background in art should be a big help getting ready for this art history final.M: Now, what we'll have to do is to figure out where we’re going to meet.W: Why don't we just meet in the library?M: The six people in the group will probably make too much noise. How about my dorm room? W: There is not enough space, where would we all sit?M: Oh, I know, the snack bar in the student center! It is not too crowd in the evening, and we can push some tables together.W: That'll work! I'll let everyone know to be there at 7:00 tonight.M: Excuse me. I am looking for the textbook for a course called Psychology of Personality,but Ican't find it anywhere.W: Is that the book for Dr. Peterson's course?M: That's right, Psychology 3601.W: Yes, yes, I was afraid of that. It seems we didn't order enough books for that class. You are the 7th person today who’s come in looking for one.M: But classes begin on Monday.W: I wouldn't worry, Dr. Peterson was aware of the problem, and we got another shipment of books coming in before the end of the month.M: Can I reserve the copy?W: No problem. Just give me your name and phone number, we'll call you when the books arrive.M: I’ve got another parking ticket. I don't understand why?W: What color sticker do you have?M: It's gold; it's for this lot!W: Well, where did you park?M: Over there, next to that green truck.W: You are right in front of the loading dock; that's where they unload the kitchen supplies. M: So what?W: You are lucky you only got a ticket. Normally, security tows any cars that park there.Listen to a conversation between an advisor and a student.W: Come on in, Paul, and have a seat. How can I help you?M: Well, I need to choose my major, and I guess I am not sure what I want to do for a career. W:O h!M: My problem is that I love philosophy, but my dad doesn't want me to get a degree in the humanities. He said that I'll be better off financially with a career in something like business. W: Yes, people in the humanities often do make lower salaries.M: Yeah, and I don't want to be poor, so I’m doomed.W: Hem...I guess you know that a lot of famous philosophers work in other fields, too. In fact, some of them did ground-breaking work.M: Like Aristotle?W: Um, this is just one example. There were doctors, lawyers, historians, mathematicians. Lock for example, he was trained to medicine.M: Yeah, but you are talking about geniuses. I get to grades, but I'm not a genius.W: My point is, you could work in a higher paid field and pursue philosophy on the side. It's not too late for you to declare a double major.M: But what other fields what I choose?W: I can help you with that, there's a special test you can take to determine your talents. You can take it now and it only takes an hour, then we can match your talents to a variety of job descriptions and go for there.M: Ok, that sounds like a good plan!M: Ms. Preska, I am Tim Louis.W: Nice to meet you, Tim. The work study office called to let me know you will come in. You are interested in job here this coming semester.M: Yes, I was hoping the library might be able to use me.W: We always need some help from work study students. Can you tell me a little about yourself?M: Let’s see, I am a sophomore. I live off campus and I major in business.W: Fine, what about work experience?M: I have been the lifeguard for 3 summers at city pool. Here on campus I work last year in the cafeteria. This semester I am at the computer center 3 evenings a week but I prefer the afternoon job.W: We have the opening for someone to share books 4 afternoons a week, a total of 16 hours. Will that suit you?M: Perfectly, my courses in next semester all meet in the morning.W: The job is yours then. Please read through this information before your begin, your first day of work will be 2 weeks from today.M: Thank you very much, I’ll see you then.M: So where are you going to be this summer?W: I’ve got a part time job at the gallery in New York. And I will be taking a joining class at night.M: That's great. You can learn a lot working in an art gallery, and there's no place like New York for an inspiring artist. I lived there myself when I was first at the college.W: I know how lucky I am to have this job but to tell you the truth; I have my heart set on going out west this summer.M: Out west? You mean California.W: No, the southwest, the desert and everythingM: Why the desert?W: Well, you know, Georgia O'Keeffe is my favorite artist, and she did such good work out there.M: That' true. But O'Keeffe didn't start out in the southwest, you know. She lived in New York for years, and she did some very impressive painting there.W: I guess you mean the skyscraper series. It's funny I never really thought about where she paint them before.M: It was in New York and she got a lot out of living there. She didn't always enjoy it. But later on she said that being around so many artists that help her to develop her own artistic vision.W: That's a new way of looking at the city. Now I can only find affordable place to live.Listen to part of the conversation between two college studentsM: Could we stop for a few minutes before we go over chapter five? I'm gonna need extra emerge to get through that one.W: Why? The first four chapters went really fast.M: I know, but the professor said the test would go up to chapter five. And that's the one I understand least. My notes from that day are a mess, circles made of broken lines, the word "GESTALT" in big letters, complete confusion.W: Ok, well, let's start with the broken lines. There suppose to be an illustration of the principle of closure. The idea is that your brain doesn't take in information exactly the same way as your eyes see it. I mean it's not like your eyes are camera and your brain just see the photographs it takes. The point is that your brain perceives more than your eyes actually see. Imaging individual broken lines and the shape of the circle, your brain perceives them to be a circle, even though the shape isn't complete. Your brain fills in the empty spaces because what it sees is familiar to a complete pattern.M: Oh, I get it. Our brains’ close is based in the circle --- closure, so is closure the same thing as GESTALT?W: Well, closure is part of GESTALT. It's one of the five principles that try to explain how the brain organizes the information it perceives.M: Hem, do you think that the other four principles would be on the test?W: Probably seems they are all in chapter five. We'd better go over all of them.M: Yeah, I'm sure you are right. But let's go and get something to eat before we do the rest, ok? Otherwise, I don't think my brain will be able to perceive anything.W: Sure, let's go.VESTIBULUM LORMEThe origin of farming of prehistoric timesW: I read the prehistoric people had settled in villages in start farming when they could no longer survive just by hunting and gathering. The idea was that they pushed out of the best land as the population grew, most likely they had noticed that some seeds sprout when they drop them, so when the people had to move to less productive area, they settled in permanent villages there and started planting seeds to keep from starving.M: That was the thinking until two years ago when archaeologists found evidence that goes against that theory. The new idea is that farming developed in the richest land areas and the people who started it weren’t been threaten by starvation. Apparently successful hunters and gatherers are living in villages long before they started cultivating crops, this villages just wanted to have more stable foods supply.W: What? You mean that people settled in the villages where they were still hunting and gathering wild food to eat? How did the archaeologists come to that conclusion?M: Well, one way was a new more accurate method that dating a small piece or something like grain of corn or wheat, you know earlier archeologists couldn’t date something that small so they have to date say the charcoal around it to get the estimated age.W: So with the new technique to determine the age of the tiny sample, they found out the grain was older than they had thought?M: No, just the opposite. They found out it was much younger, so that meant the mastication of grain probably occurred long after people had begun to live in the villages.1 2 3 45how to determine the date of settlementNow let we discuss the proper way to dig for the assign in an archaeological site, let's turn on our attention to the kinds of objects we might excavate there and what they could tell us about colonial life here on the east coast of North America. One thing we hope to learn when we study the buttons or the broken dishes or other artifacts that got from the site is just how long ago people were living there. So one of the most useful finds obviously would be a coin. But even a object doesn't have a year stamp right on it can still have the archaeologists to determine just when the site was being used. For instance one object from 1600 and 1700 you likely find is the clay pipe. Smoking was common then but not cigarettes. Tobacco was generally smoked in long thin pipes---clay pipes manufactured in England. These imported clay pipes were so cheap that even the poor could afford to use them and then just threw them away. That's why they were so common throughout the colonies and why we find so many broken and discard pipes in archaeological digs. But the style of the clay pipe, the shape of the bowl, the link of skin, the diameter of the hole all involved over the years. So we can assign seriously precise date to a pipe just by looking at it and comparing it to the similar pipe we already know the age of. And that information will tell us how long ago settlers were living in that site and can help us date the other artifacts found there. Let me pause here and ask you now what you think some of the other common objects might be and what we might be able to learn from them.1 2 coin 3 4 5native peopleBefore we continue you should understand an important concept. That is the notion of a culture area. A culture area is not a colony of artist but the geographic area inhabited by different people with similar cultures. A culture area is relatively consistent in term of land features. For instance, the land is completely mountains or flats and the climate. There are similarities in the kind of plants and animals and settlers. I take what I call a bottom-up approach to study of the culture. That does not mean that I go to those sites or people are digging for artifact but rather it means that I think of culture as something it grows out of the daily needs of people’s life, like finding food or protecting themselves against weather. The routines and social order the people create in order to deal with these things form the culture. So Inuit peoples lived in what’s now Alaska, people whose surrounding are cold and not fit for agriculture and who depend on fishing. You can image how their routines differ from Anasazi people who lived in warm desert region. So if that’s clear to everyone, we can continue. So moving on. Anthropologists feel that in what is now United States and Canada there are 9 culture areas. We will examine all of them in the next few weeks but for now let’s start with our own area.1 talk23 4W: Can you give me an idea about what I missed in sociology class on Tuesday?M: Oh, it was really interesting. First you under over material on how infants normally shift to become more interested in people than objects, you know, at first babies just like to look at things, only later do they start to interact with people, and then we talked about play as part as socialization of children.W: Play? You mean like games or make believe?M: Yeah. All different kinds of play, apparently it is important for children to experiment the different roles like pretending their parent instead of a child, also through the play they learned to adapt to the norms as the rules of their social groups.W: Which of the readings did the professor refer to?M: A lot of them come from Erik Eriksson’s work on psychological development, he said that for children, play isn’t just important replication the way as adults, when children play, they can deal with problems and they can learn then they can even like fear and frustration, if children aren’t successful in play, they may even have the emotional problems later in life. W: Is the class talking about any other research?M: Yeah, we talked about research on animals behavior and how young animals play, too. The professor said there is evident that play is biologically base, this means that animal actually had instincts that lead them to play to explore and learn about the environment.W: So it’s play that let animals and human get exposed to different experiences.M: Exactly. And it actually shot them all kinds of skills, thinking skills, as well as physical skills that they need to survive.W: I have to go now, but let’s talk about this more before the next class.1 how234 why5sociology courseM: I really like my sociology class. It’s a seminar on methods in sociology.W: That doesn’t sound terribly exciting.M: I thought so too at first. But we being reading different research studies we find outabout the conclusions, their finding and we also discuss the details of that how they do the study. Some of the reading has been fascinating.W: For an example?M: Well, we just read the study that was done in an elementary school. A school where a lot of students were failing. When the researchers went into the school, they thought they would find out how teachers low expectations contributed to students doing so poor in school.W: I think I’ve heard of that. Then when students don’t perform well in school it’s calledself-fulfilling something.M: Right self-fulfilling prophecy. But in this school, there was one first grade teacher they call her Ms. A who had very positive affect on student. The researchers talk to the students after they become adults and examine the students’ school records. Students who had been in Ms. A‘s class were much more like to do well in the school and they were more likely to be successful as adults than students who had been in the other first grade classes in that school. W: What was the teacher’s secret? Did the researchers ever find out?M: She just didn’t give up on anyone no matter how long it took to reach him. She also communicated to the students how important education is. The adults in the study all mention this when they were interviewed some 20 years later。

老托听力文本目录校园类17+4=21 (2)第一篇宿舍噪音 (2)第一篇（打工场景） (10)生物类15+13=28 (12)第一篇reptile (13)第一篇（实验介绍） (20)天文类3+3=6 (26)第一篇Jupiter (27)第一篇（登陆月球和火星） (28)地球科学类5+12=17 (30)第一篇恐龙消失 (30)第一篇（地球interior） (32)人类学类5+3=8 (38)第一篇The origin of farming of prehistoric times (38)第一篇 (41)历史类16+31=47 (42)第一篇建筑 (42)第一篇（舞蹈） (50)人体生理心理学类2+7=9 (66)66第一篇（Baby hypothesis） (67)Business类4 (71)语言学类3 (73)校园类17+4=21第一篇宿舍噪音W: So how do you like living in the renovated dorms?M: There aren‟t much different than the old dorms, ju st some new pane and windows. The windows are nice so they shut off the noise really well. The street‟s just outside, but I can barely hear the traffic.W: Um, they must be good windows, I bet they must have double panes and glass; they shut off a lot o f noise that the single pane wouldn‟t stop.M: Yeah, I wish I had something just the factor between me and my neighbor‟s room. Sometimes he turns up the music so loud that I have trouble getting into sleep. Anyway I guess I‟m better off than the people who‟ll be moving into the new dorms. Did you see how thin the walls are that they putting up between those rooms?W: I haven‟t seen them but I did read something about them in the campus newspaper. They are supposed to be better than the thick concrete wa ll you‟ve got here.M: Better? How?W: Well, what they doing is separating each room with 2 thin layer of plasterboards and each one is nailed to a different frame. That way they vibrate independently.M: Oh, I see, so the sound from one room doesn‟t just vibrate the wall and go directly into next room. There is a gap between 2 layers of wall.W: That‟s right.M: Well, I‟m still stuck with this neighbor and I am not sure what to do.W: You know heavy bear wall doesn‟t help. You should hang somet hing up like some fur rags or some decorated cross. That would act like a kind of a second wall and absorb some sound. I got some extras you can use, people hey.M: I‟d appreciate it; anything to get a good night sleep.第二篇W: Can I help you find something? Oh, hi, Rick!M: Oh, hi, Julie. When did you start working here? I thought you were waiting tables in Teresa‟s café.W: Yeah, I quitted, because I had to work too many nights. I started here just a few days ago. It‟s perfect! I work all afternoon shift. So my mornings are free for classes, and I can study at night. So what are you looking for?M: Well, I can‟t seem to find the 8th book for English 626. I only found these seven. I‟m probably looking right at itW: Um…English 626…English 626… Are you sure they are 8?M: Yeah, they are 8 titles on my syllabus. And look, the card on the shelf had eight listed. But I can only find seven of the books.W: You are right. Oh, here they are. They are on the wrong shelves over here by economics books.I‟ll have to put these into the English books so they are not so hard to find.M: Thanks a lot. Can you point me the direction of the computer paper?W: Sure, it‟s… 2 or 3 aisles over. Why don‟t you follow me? It‟s easier just to show you.第三篇选课M: Janet! Nice to see you again. Ready to plan you schedule for next semester?W: Yeah, I‟ve already looked at the list of classes. And I hope to take business law and intro tofinance this coming semester.M: That sounds good. And it is always best plans the courses in your major first and then fit out the requirements on the electives then.W: I like to take one other business course, but I am not sure which one?M: How are about an economics course?W: I took one this past semester and got a lot out of it.M: Oh, that‟s right I remember you telling me about it. Well, let‟s see what else you need? W: I need another English course and was thinking about taking a poetry class.M: Let me see, the prerequisite for all the poetry classes is the English composition.W: I took that my first semester.M: Well, modern American poetry fits in your scheduleW: With Doctor Turner?M: Um-huh…W: That‟ll be great! I heard all about her from my roommate, the English major.M: This should up tobe a pretty good semester for you, what else do you need to take?W: I have to take one more math course but I have been putting it at all. I heard that calculus isreally tough.M: It is! But you may want to take it and just take these four courses this semester.W: That‟s not a bad idea! I just hope it doesn‟t affect my grade point average!第四篇学生抗议食堂W: Excuse me. Do you mind if I ask you a few questions?M: No I guess not.M: Great! This is for a student council report; we want to find out what students think the campus food service the results would tell us what kind of changes to push for.M: I think everyone has pretty strong opinions about that.W: Yeah, that‟s one thing I found out already. Ok, first how often do you eat in the cafeteria? M: Almost everyday, I‟ve got a meal contract.W: And do you usually eat here at Anderson hall.M: Yeah, I live next door.W: And you mention that you have a meal contract, is that right?M: Uh-huh! For breakfast and dinner, Monday to Saturday.W: What‟s your general impression of the food here?M: Well, people complain a lot, but basically I think it‟s ok. The vegetables are usually overcooked, but I mean they had to feed hundreds of people here. You are not going to get something freshly prepared just for you.W: What if I just put down generally satisfactory, would like more fresh vegetables, ok?M: Sure.W: So you think the other things like soup and dessert‟s okay?M: Yeah, that‟s about right.W: Is there anything you like to change about the cafeteria?M: Yes, the hours. Sometimes it‟s a real rush for me to get back here before 6:30.第五篇学习问题★W: Excuse me! I need to a copy of Steven Hakim‟s Brief History of Time. And I don‟t know where to look for it?M: D id you check the status on the library‟s computer?W: I tried but I couldn‟t figure out what to do.M: Well I can call it up right here. You wanted Hakim‟s book right? It looks like it will be out for another 6 weeks.W: Oh no, I really need it for paper that due in 2 weeks. Is there anything you can do?M: Sure, we can try to get it from another library, just fill out this form and it should be here in 3 or 5 days. But it will cost 2 dollars.W: What a relief! That‟s a really help!**********************************************************★M: Good morning. Is this where we should come to add or drop a course?W: Yes, it is. Just write the name of the course you want to drop on this little form.M: Great! Now where do I write the Astronomy course that I want to add?W: Sorry it‟s too late to add a course. You could only add courses two weeks since this semester. And Friday was the last day.M: But I‟m senior. And if I dropped the class without adding in one, I wouldn‟t have enough credits to graduate.W: So, what you have to do then is to get the professor‟s approval and have him sign the special add form. Then bring it back to me, and I put it through.M: Okay. Thanks. I hope I‟ll be able to find them.**********************************************************★M: Hi, Lanyard, we missed you in psychology class yesterday.W: I have a terrible cough. So I stayed at home. Do you take notes?M: Well, no one can ever recite for my handwriting. Tina was there, too. And you are more likely to be able to read her notes.W: Do you know where she is today?M: I know she has class in the morning. But she always eats lunch in the cafeteria around noon.W: Good! I‟ll try to catch her then.第六篇打工场景M: So you are going to be writing for the school newspaper?W: Yes, I‟m excited about it. I‟m thinking about journalism as a career.M: Well! Congratulations! How do they decide whom to hire?W: I have to send the writing sample. I used one of the essays I‟ve written for the literature class, then the editor assigned me a topic to write a short article about it.M: What did you write about?W: Actually, it was a lot of fun. I wrote about the students‟ play that has been performed this month.M: Oh, I saw that play. The director is a friend of mine. It really called in a stir around here. W: Yeah, I know. That‟s what I wrote about --people‟s reaction to it. It‟s really interesting. M: Have you finished the article? Can I read it?W: Sure. I just made a couple of copies. So you can have one.M: Thanks. I wish I were a better writer. Working for the paper sounds like fun.W: Well, they‟re looking to add one or two more photographers to the staff.M: You‟re kidding! May be I‟ll go over and apply.W: If you want, I‟ll walk over with you to the newspaper office and introduce you to the photographic editor and some of the other photographers.M: That will be terrific! But can we go tomorrow? I have to go to math class now. And if we go tomorrow, then I‟ll have time tonight to put together a portfolio of photographs to show them.W: Sure. And maybe you should call them and set up a time to meeting them tomorrow. M: Good idea. I‟ll do that before I go to class.W: All right. See you tomorrow.第七篇学习问题W: Hey, Kevin, I haven‟t seen you since the beginning of the semester, how is it going?M: Well, I am a little overwhelmed. It‟s strange. I always want to go to a big university like this but now I am here. I am not so sure. I mean the courses ar e interesting enough, but… W: What‟s bothering you then?M: Well after going to a small high school and knowing everybody it‟s a pretty shagged to be in huge lecture hall with hundreds of students. And not one professor even knows my name. W: I know y ou mean. I‟ve so pretty lost myself last year but I know about something that might help. It‟s called the mentor group.M: The what?W: The mentor group. It‟s like a support group. I joined it last year when I was a first year student.M: So what is it?W: It‟s basically professors and small group of students getting together informally to discuss all kinds of subjects. You have the chance to meet professors and other students.M: Hem, sounds worthwhile, but doesn‟t it take up a lot of studying ti me？W: Not really, you can study all the time you know and this is like a little break.M: I guess you could meet professor whose course you might take later!W: Exactly, that‟s what happened to me! I am taking the psychology course with Professor Green. I didn‟t know how interesting psychology was, till I got to talk to him in the mentor group.M: You talk to him in the mentor group! Is it too late to join?W: I don‟t think so; if I were you I go over to the dean‟s office and sign up.M: I was going to the library to return a book but I can do it later I guess.第八篇注册学校W: Here we are at registration again; I can‟t believe how much tuition has gone up.M: I know. It‟s ridiculous. You know my cousin Anne pays nothing to go her school in Kentucky.W: Nothing! Maybe I should transfer there.M: You can‟t, only students from certain part of Kentucky can go. It‟s only for students from the Appalachian Mountains area.W: So with no tuition how do they run the school?M: Well, they get a lot of donations.W: And that pays for everything?M: Well, they also get some money from the government and besides that all the students are required to work at the college. That‟s why the college doesn‟t need to hire a lot ofoutside-workers.W: Oh yeah, that will help cut the school expenses, so what kind of job do they do?M: My cousin helps to clean the dorms. I think her roommate washes dishes in the cafeteria. Things like that.W: That sounds great! Come to think of it. I heard of something in Georgia called hope scholarship.M: Hope scholarship? What‟s that?W: I think they used state lottery money to give free tuition. But not everyone from Georgia qualifies. You need at least B average in high school.M: I should apply for that. I had really good grades in high school.W: No, you had to be from Georgia.M: Just my luck.第九篇学习问题W: What‟s the matter? I‟ve never seen you look so tense?M: Oh, I am just frustrated. That‟s all. I have been working on this lab report for my biology class for hours and the results keep coming out wrong.W: Did you use the right procedures?M: Yeah, that‟s not the problem…it‟s just the…well, it‟s just, you know every time I do the statistics I get the different results. Did you ever take biology?W: No, I fill my science requirement with physics, I really don‟t car e for biology especially dissection. I must pass it down in high school. We had to cut open that.M: Ok, I get the picture, I am bit squish myself but biology requires the least math, whichisn‟t my best subject. I really don‟t see why we even have to t ake science classes if we are not major in it. I am never going to use this in the real life.W: Well that‟s not the point really, a college graduate suppose to be well-rounded it. You knowwith broad education. You can only specialize in grad school.M: Sure, if I ever get there. It just seems I run one biology lab report could stand in the wave of brilliant career in sociology.W: You don‟t be silly; you will manage somehow. See how come you don‟t have the result for one of your XXX to write down.M: Whoops! I must forgot to add it in. No wonder my figures were messed up!十篇W: Hi, Mark, how is it going?M: Well, not so great.W: What's wrong?M: I‟ve got a big problem with the poetry course that‟s required for my major.W: Is it all sold up?M: No, no, there's plenty room, but there's prerequisite. I‟ve got to take an introduction to poetry before I can take the special course in poets of the 1960's, and the introductory course is only offered in the evenings.W: You don't like evening classes?M: No, that's not the point. I work in the cafeteria every evening; I need the money to pay my tuition.W: Can you ask someone that work to switch hours with you? Maybe you could just switch a couple of evening since the course probably only needs two times a week?M: I wish I could, my boss just did me a favor by putting me on evenings. And he'll hit the ceiling if I ask to change again.W: Wait a minute, I have an idea, have you checked the course over at the community college?They might offer intro-to-poetry course during the day!M: Hey, that's a great idea! I am free this afternoon, I think I'll go over and check it out.W: Yeah, their courses are actually cheaper and you can transfer the credits over here!M: Thank for the advice, Linda. I'll let you know what happens.W: Sure, Mark, good luck! Oh, while you there, could you find out when the pool is open? M: No problem.第十一篇学习问题M: I'm really glad we got Cindy to be in our study group.W: That's for sure, his background in art should be a big help getting ready for this art history final.M: Now, what we'll have to do is to figure out where we‟re going to meet.W: Why don't we just meet in the library?M: The six people in the group will probably make too much noise. How about my dorm room?W: There is not enough space, where would we all sit?M: Oh, I know, the snack bar in the student center! It is not too crowd in the evening, and we can push some tables together.W: That'll work! I'll let everyone know to be there at 7:00 tonight.第十二篇买书M: Excuse me. I am looking for the textbook for a course called Psychology of Personality, but Ican't find it anywhere.W: Is that the book for Dr. Peterson's course?M: That's right, Psychology 3601.W: Yes, yes, I was afraid of that. It seems we didn't order enough books for that class. You are the 7th person today who‟s come in looking for one.M: But classes begin on Monday.W: I wouldn't worry, Dr. Peterson was aware of the problem, and we got another shipment of books coming in before the end of the month.M: Can I reserve the copy?W: No problem. Just give me your name and phone number, we'll call you when the books arrive.第十三篇停车★M: I‟ve got another parking ticket. I don't understand why?W: What color sticker do you have?M: It's gold; it's for this lot!W: Well, where did you park?M: Over there, next to that green truck.W: You are right in front of the loading dock; that's where they unload the kitchen supplies. M: So what?W: You are lucky you only got a ticket. Normally, security tows any cars that park there.第十四篇打工场景★Listen to a conversation between an advisor and a student.W: Come on in, Paul, and have a seat. How can I help you?M: Well, I need to choose my major, and I guess I am not sure what I want to do for a career. W: Oh!M: My problem is that I love philosophy, but my dad doesn't want me to get a degree in the humanities. He said that I'll be better off financially with a career in something like business. W: Yes, people in the humanities often do make lower salaries.M: Yeah, and I don't want to be poor, so I‟m doomed.W: Hem...I guess you know that a lot of famous philosophers work in other fields, too. In fact,some of them did ground-breaking work.M: Like Aristotle?W: Um, this is just one example. There were doctors, lawyers, historians, mathematicians. Lock for example, he was trained to medicine.M: Yeah, but you are talking about geniuses. I get to grades, but I'm not a genius.W: My point is, you could work in a higher paid field and pursue philosophy on the side. It's not too late for you to declare a double major.M: But what other fields what I choose?W: I can help you with that, there's a special test you can take to determine your talents. You can take it now and it only takes an hour, then we can match your talents to a variety of job descriptions and go for there.M: Ok, that sounds like a good plan!第十五篇打工场景M: Ms. Preska, I am Tim Louis.W: Nice to meet you, Tim. The work study office called to let me know you will come in. You are interested in job here this coming semester.M: Yes, I was hoping the library might be able to use me.W: We always need some help from work study students. Can you tell me a little about yourself?M: Let‟s see, I am a sophomore. I live off campus and I major in business.W: Fine, what about work experience?M: I have been the lifeguard for 3 summers at city pool. Here on campus I work last year in the cafeteria. This semester I am at the computer center 3 evenings a week but I prefer the afternoon job.W: We have the opening for someone to share books 4 afternoons a week, a total of 16 hours. Will that suit you?M: Perfectly, my courses in next semester all meet in the morning.W: The job is yours then. Please read through this information before your begin, your first day of work will be 2 weeks from today.M: Thank you very much, I‟ll see you then.第十六篇暑假出行M: So where are you going to be this summer?W: I‟ve got a part time job at the gallery in New York. And I will be taking a joining class at night.M: That's great. You can learn a lot working in an art gallery, and there's no place like New York for an inspiring artist. I lived there myself when I was first at the college.W: I know how lucky I am to have this job but to tell you the truth; I have my heart set on going out west this summer.M: Out west? You mean California.W: No, the southwest, the desert and everythingM: Why the desert?W: Well, you know, Georgia O'Keeffe is my favorite artist, and she did such good work out there.M: That' true. But O'Keeffe didn't start out in the southwest, you know. She lived in New York for years, and she did some very impressive painting there.W: I guess you mean the skyscraper series. It's funny I never really thought about where she paint them before.M: It was in New York and she got a lot out of living there. She didn't always enjoy it. But later on she said that being around so many artists that help her to develop her own artistic vision.W: That's a new way of looking at the city. Now I can only find affordable place to live.第十七篇学习问题★Listen to part of the conversation between two college studentsM: Could we stop for a few minutes before we go over chapter five? I'm gonna need extra emerge to get through that one.W: Why? The first four chapters went really fast.M: I know, but the professor said the test would go up to chapter five. And that's the one I understand least. My notes from that day are a mess, circles made of broken lines, the word "GESTALT" in big letters, complete confusion.W: Ok, well, let's start with the broken lines. There suppose to be an illustration of the principle of closure. The idea is that your brain doesn't take in information exactly the same way as your eyes see it. I mean it's not like your eyes are camera and your brain just see the photographs it takes. The point is that your brain perceives more than your eyes actually see. Imaging individual broken lines and the shape of the circle, your brain perceives them to be a circle, even though the shape isn't complete. Your brain fills in the empty spaces because what it sees is familiar to a complete pattern.M: Oh, I get it. Our brains‟ close is based in the circle --- closure, so is closure the same thing as GESTALT?W: Well, closure is part of GESTALT. It's one of the five principles that try to explain how thebrain organizes the information it perceives.M: Hem, do you think that the other four principles would be on the test?W: Probably seems they are all in chapter five. We'd better go over all of them.M: Yeah, I'm sure you are right. But let's go and get something to eat before we do the rest, ok? Otherwise, I don't think my brain will be able to perceive anything.W: Sure, let's go.第一篇（打工场景）It seems like only yesterday that I was sitting where you are, just finishing my first year of medical school and wondering if I'd ever get a chance to use all my new knowledge on a real live patient!Well, I have good news for you! You don't have to wait until your third or fourth year ofMedical school to get some hands-on experience! The dean has invited me here to tell you about the university's rural opportunity program. If you enroll in this program, you can have the opportunity this summer, after your first year of medical school, to spend from four to six weeks observing and assisting a real physician like me in a small rural community. You won't have to compete with other students for time and attention, and you can see what life as a country doctor is really like.The program was designed to encourage medical students like yourselves to consider careers in rural communities that are still understaffed. It seems that medical students are afraid to go into rural family practice for two reasons. First, they don't know much about it. And second, specialists in the cities usually make more money. But, on the up-side, in rural practice, doctors can really get to know their patients and be respected members of the community.I participated in the program when it first started and spent six weeks in a small rural town. Let me tell you, it was really great! I got to work with real patients. I watched the birth of a child, assisted an accident victim, and had lots of really practical hands-on experience --- all in one summer. And to my surprise, I found that country life has a lot to offer that city life doesn't --- no pollution or traffic jams, for instance!My experience made me want to work where I'm needed and appreciated. I don't miss the city at all!第二篇（选课场景）In the few minutes that remain of today's class, I'd like to discuss next week's schedule with you. Because I'm presenting a paper at a conference in Detroit on Thursday, I won't be here for either Wednesday's or Friday's class. I will, however, be here for Monday's. Next Friday, a week from today, is the midterm exam, marking the halfway point in the semester. Professor Andrews has agreed to administer the exam. In place of the usual Wednesday class, I've arranged an optional review session. Since it is optional, attendance will not be taken; however, attending the class would be a good idea for those worried about the midterm. So, remember: optional class next Wednesday; midterm, Friday.第三篇（打工场景）Good afternoon. I'm here today to talk to you about a career with our airline. We're especially interested in recruiting people to fill openings for flight attendants.First of all, to work as a flight attendant with us, you must be accepted into our training program --- and with so many people applying, it's not easy to be selected. From the thousands of applications that we receive annually, we choose fewer than a thousand people for training. So, we require experience serving the public; and it also helps if you've earned some college credits.Also, not everybody who gets accepted into the training program makes it through.The course meets six days a week for five weeks. The training includes extensive classroom workin such subjects as first aid and passenger psychology as well as practical training in flight procedures and meal service. A lot of our graduates say that our fight attendants develop the skills of a nurse, a headwaiter, and a public relations executive!But, as a flight attendant myself, I can say that all of the hard work is worth it. Of course, I get to travel throughout the country, and the airline pays all of my expenses while I'm away from my base station. And, what I like best of all is that I've made friends with people from all over the country!第四篇（Housing场景）I need to make sure you understand how to get housing for next year. When you entered as first-year students this year, the school assigned you to a dorm and a roommate, but next year as returning students you'll choose both your roommate and your dorm. But whether or not you actually get to live in your first choice depends on what number you or your roommate draws in the lottery system. The system gives priority to the students who have been here longest. Fourth-year students get the first block of numbers, third-years get the second block, and second-years --- like you'll be --- get the third. The lower the number you draw, the sooner you choose. Number one gets the first choice, number two gets the second choice, and so on.You can use either your won or your intended roommate's number to make your room choice. If your roommate for next year has been at the school longer than you have, they'll be in a better block of numbers and so will have a better number than any second-year student. But most of you will probably be rooming with other second-year students and so neither of you may have a great number. You may not get into your first or even second choice. Of course, if you've made plans to live off campus, you don't need to enter the lottery at all.Dorm space will be especially tight this year because the dorms on North Campus will be closed for renovations. This means that those of you who draw the worst numbers won't be able to get dorm housing at all. In that case, the housing office will help you find off-campus housing.生物类15+13=28。

小马过河的英语故事欣赏故事教学法在外语学习中的运用取得了良好的效果并且得到了广泛的运用。

店铺分享小马过河的英语故事，希望可以帮助大家!小马过河的英语故事版本1One day, a colt took a bag of wheat to the mill. As he was running with the bag on his back, he came to a small river. The colt could not decide whether he could cross it. Looking around, he saw a cow grazing nearby. He asked, “Aunt Cow, could you tell me if I can cross the river?” The cow told him that he could and that the river was not very deep, just knee high.The colt was crossing the river when a squirrel jumped down fron a tree and stopped him. The squirrel shouted, “Colt, stop! You’ll drown! One of my friends drowned just yesterday in the river.” Not knowing what to do, the colt went home to consult his mum.He told his mum his experience on the way. His mother said, “My child, don’t always listen to others. You’d better go and try yourself. Then you’ll know what to do.”Later, at the river,the squirrel stopped the colt again. “Little horse, it’s too dangerous!”“No, I want to try myself,”answered the colt.Then he crossed the river carefully.Real knowledge comes from practice.一天，一匹小马驮着麦子去磨坊。