华东理工大学中级宏观经济学作业1：Solow模型答案版.doc

一、单项选择题1. 一国的国内生产总值（GDP）（）。

A．是指一定时期内（通常为一年）在该国境内生产的全部最终产品和劳务的货币价值总和B．是指一定时期内（通常为一年）该国的国民（无论在哪里居住）生产的全部最终产品和劳务货币价值总和C．等于 C、In、S、Xn 的总和D．在数值上总是低于 GNP2．一国的国民生产总值（GNP）（）A．是指一定时期内（通常为一年）在该国境内生产的全部最终产品和劳务的货币价值总和B．是指一定时期内（通常为一年）该国的国民（无论在哪里居住）生产的全部最终产品和劳务货币价值总和C．等于 C、S、G、和 Xn 的总和D．在数值上总是低于 GDP3．一国的 GDP 和 GNP 之间的主要区别在于 GDP 包括（）。

A．外国要素所有者在该国内获得的净要素报酬 B．固定资本消费C．转移支付 D．政府购买支出4．在哪种情况下，GDP 会等于 GNP？（）A．转移支付为零时 B．固定资本消费为零时C．外国要素所有者在该国内获得的净要素报酬为时 D．个人税收为零时5．假定李强支付 1000 元给王刚,则（）。

A．可以肯定国内生产总值（GDP）增加了 1000 元B．可以肯定国内生产总值（GDP）增加了，但无法确定增加的数量C．可以肯定名义国内生产总值增加了，但无法确定实际国内生产总值是增加还是减少D．据已知信息无法确定国内生产总值是否发生变化6．进行国民收入核算时怎样避免重复计算？（）A．在计算时包括转移支付 B．中间产品和最终产品都计算在内C．只计算最终产品和劳务 D．只计算中间产品7．将一国经济中所有市场交易的货币价值进行加总（）A．会得到生产过程中所使用的全部资源的市场价值B．所获得的数值可能大于、小于或等于 GDP 的值C．会得到经济中的新增价值总和D．会得到国内生产总值`8．刘老师在家里后院自己种菜供自家食用，这种活动（）A．不计算在 GDP 之内，是为了避免重复计算B．不计算在 GDP 之内，因为这里包含了中间产品C．计算在 GDP 之内，因为它反映了生产活动D．具有生产性，但不计算在 GDP 之内，因为没有市场交易发生9．可以将哪几项加总求得 GDP？（）A．消费、投资、政府购买支出、出口和进口B．国内私人总投资、政府购买支出、消费和净出口C．消费、投资、工资和租金D．消费、投资、政府购买支出和进口10．净出口是指（）。

中级宏观经济学周戈答案1 下列企业物流的作业目标中，()是关系到一个企业能否及时满足顾客的服务需求的能力。

A.快速反应B.最轻变异C.最低库存D.物流质量参考答案：A参照解析:本题考查企业物流的作业目标。

快速反应是关系到一个企业能否及时满足顾客的服务需求的能力。

2 ()就是指一个企业全部长期资本的成本率为，通常就是以各种长期资本的比例为权重，对个别资本成本率为展开加权平均测算。

A.机会资本成本B.单一资本成本C.风险资本成本D.综合资本成本参考答案：D参照解析:本题考查综合资本成本的概念。

综合资本成本是指一个企业全部长期资本的成本率，通常是以各种长期资本的比例为权重，对个别资本成本率进行加权平均测算。

3 企业联盟的主要形式就是()。

A.资金联盟B.技术联盟C.产品联盟D.价格联盟参考答案：B参照解析:本题考查企业联盟的主要形式——技术联盟。

4 国有独资公司的监事会由国有资产监督管理机构出动就是存有一定的目的的，其中不包含()。

A.加强对国有企业的监管B.推动董事、经理钟爱履行职责C.确保国有资产不受侵犯D.监控企业的员工外流参考答案：D参照解析:本题考查国有独资公司的监督机构。

向国有独资公司派出监事会的目的是从体制上、机制上加强对国有企业的监管，促进企业董事、高级经理人员忠实勤勉地履行职责，确保国有资产及其权益不受侵犯。

5 对物资展开较长距离的空间移动就是()的任务。

A.运输B.仓储C.流通加工D.物流配送参考答案：A参照解析:本题考查企业物流内容中运输的任务。

6将技术创新战略分成技术领先战略和技术追随战略的依据就是()。

A.技术来源的不同B.技术多样程度的相同C.企业行为方式的不同D.企业所希望的技术竞争地位的相同参考答案：D参照解析:本题考查技术创新战的类型。

根据企业所期望的技术竞争地位的不同。

可将技术创新战分为技术领先战和技术跟随战。

7 单件大批生产企业的特点就是()。

A.产品品种少，产量多，同一种产品很少重复生产B.产品品种太少，产量太少，同一种产品常常重复生产C.产品品种多，产量少，同一种产品常常重复生产D.产品品种多，产量太少，同一种产品很少重复生产参考答案：D参照解析:本题考查产品生产进度安排的相关内容。

宏观经济学课后习题答案（1~9）第一章1．宏观经济学的研究对象是什么？它与微观经济学有什么区别？答：宏观经济学以整个国民经济活动作为研究对象，即以国内生产总值、国内生产净值和国民收入的变动及就业、经济周期波动、通货膨胀、财政与金融、经济增长等等之间的关系作为研究对象。

微观和宏观的区别在于：ａ研究对象不同；宏观的研究是整个国民经济的经济行为，微观研究的是个体经济行为。

ｂ研究主题不同：宏观是资源利用以至充分就业；微观是资源配置最终到效用最大化。

ｃ中心理论不同：宏观是国民收入决定理论；微观是价格理论。

2、宏观经济学的研究方法是什么？答：（1）三市场划分：宏观经济学把一个经济体系中的所有市场综合为三个市场：金融市场，产品和服务市场，以及要素市场。

（2）行为主体的划分：宏观经济学将行为主体主要分为：家庭、企业和政府。

（3）总量分析方法。

在宏观经济分析中，家庭和企业并不是作为分散决策的个体单位选择存在，而是最为一个统一的行动的总体存在。

宏观经济学把家庭和企业作为个别的选者行为加总，研究他们总体的选择行为，这就是总量分析。

（4）以微观经济分析为基础。

宏观经济学分析建立在微观经济主体行为分析基础上4、宏观经济政策的主要治理对象是什么？答：宏观经济政策的主要治理对象是：失业和通货膨胀。

失业为实际变量，通货膨胀为名义变量。

5、什么是GDP和GNP？它们之间的差别在什么地方？答：GDP是指一定时期内（通常是一年）一国境内所生产的全部最终产品和服务的价值总和。

GNP是指一国公民在一定时期内所产出的全部最终产品和服务的价值总和。

两者的差别：（1）GDP是个地域概念而GNP是个国民概念；（2）GNP衡量的是一国公民的总收入，而不管其收入是从国内还是从国外获取的；GDP衡量的是一国国境内所有产出的总价值，而不管其所有者是本国公民还是外国公民。

第二章1、试述国民生产总值（GNP）、国民生产净值（NNP）、国民收入（NI）、个人收入（PI）、和个人可支配收入（DPI）之间的关系。

Macroeconomics(Tenth Edition)Rudiger Dornbusch, Stanley Fisher, Richard StartsCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTIONConceptual Problemsing the aggregate supply-aggregate demand model explain how output and price are determined. Will output vary or stay fixed in the long run? Suppose the aggregate demand curve were to remain fixed: what can we infer about the behavior of prices over time?Answer:The way output and prices are determined in the aggregate can be analyzed most easily using the AD-AS model; however, we have to determine first which time frame we have in mind.The vertical AS-curve describes the very long run and output is determined by aggregate supply alone while the price level is determined by the level of aggregated demand relative to the output the economy can supply.The horizontal AS-curve describes the very short run and output is determined by aggregate demand alone while the price level is fixed and unaffected by changes in output.The upward-sloping AS-curve describes the medium run and fluctuations in aggregate supply or aggregate demand can determine actual output and the price level under the assumption that productive capacity is given.The AD-AS framework is a very simplified representation of the real world that cannot describe the behavior of all people and enterprises in an economy. In this framework, the effects of changes in aggregate demand on output and prices depend largely on the slope of the AS-curve. We should keep in mind that the long-run AS-curve tends to shift to the right from year to year as potential output tends to grow. Therefore, even in the unlikely event that the AD-curve remains fixed, the price level would change, that is, decline over time.Technical Problems1.Suppose that actual output is $120 billion and potential (full-employment) output is $156 billion. What is an output gap in this hypothetical economy? Based on your estimate of the output gap, would you expect the unemployment level to be higher or lower than usual?Answer：The textbook defines the output gap as the difference between actual GDP and potential GDP. Therefore the output gap in this hypothetical economy is -$36 billion. Since actual output falls short of potential output, we should expect the unemployment rate to be higher than usual.Chapter 2 National Income AccountingConceptual Problems1.what would happen to GDP if the government hired unemployed workers, who had been receiving amount $TR in unemployment benefits, as government employees and now paid the2.m $TR to do nothing? Explain.Answer:Government transfer payments (TR) do not arise out of any production activity and are thus not counted in the value of GDP. If the government hired the people who receive transfer payments, then their wages would be counted as part of government purchases (G), which is counted in GDP. Therefore GDP would rise even if these workers were paid to do nothing, as government purchases are measured on a cost basis.Technical Problems8.Suppose you buy a $100 government bond that is due next year. How much nominal interest will you receive if inflation is 4 percent over the year and the bond promises a real return of 3 percent?Answer:The real interest rate (r) is defined as the nominal interest rate (i) minus the rate of inflation (π). Therefore the nominal interest rate is the real interest rate plus the rate of inflation, ori = r + π = 3% + 4% = 7%.Chapter 3 Growth and AccumulationConceptual2. Can the Solow growth model help to explain the phenomenon of convergence? Answer:The Solow model predicts convergence, that is, countries with the same production function, savings rate, and population growth will eventually reach the same level of income per capita. In other words, a poor country may eventually catch up to a richer one by saving at the same rate and making technological innovations. However, if these countries have different savings rates, they will reach different levels of income per capita, even though their long-term growth rates will be the same.Technical9.For a Cobb-Douglas production function Y=AKθN（1-θ），verify that 1-θis labor’s share of income.[Hint: Labor’s share of income is the piece of income which results from that labor(MP L×N)divided by total income. ]Answer:The Cobb-Douglas production function is defined asY = F(N,K) = AN1-θKθ.The marginal product of labor can then be derived asMPN = (∆Y)/(∆N) = (1 - θ)AN-θKθ = (1 - θ)AN1-θKθ/N = = (1 - θ)(Y/N)==> labor's share of income = [MPN*(N)]/Y = (1 - θ)(Y/N)*[(N)/(Y)] = (1 - θ) Chapter 4 Growth and PolicyConceptual1.What is endogenous growth? How do endogenous growth models differ from the neoclassical models of growth presented in Chapter 3?Answer:Endogenous or self-sustained growth supposedly can be achieved by policies that affect a nation's savings rate and therefore the proportion of GDP that goes towards investment. The neoclassical growth model of Chapter 3 predicted that long-term growth can only be achieved through technological progress and that changes in the savings rate have only transitory effects. The endogenous growth model, however, predicts that countries with a higher savings rate can achieve higher long-term growth and that a nation's government can affect the long-term growth rate by implementing policies that affect the savings rate.2. Why doesn’t the constant marginal poduct of capital assumed in this chapter’s simple model of endogenous growth create a situation in which a single large firm dominaties the economy, as traditional microeconomic reasoning would suggest?Answer:A simple model with constant returns to scale to capital alone implies increasing returns to scale to all factors taken together, which could cause a single large firm to dominate the economy. However, such a model ignores the possibility that external returns to capital exist, in addition to the internal (private) returns. In other words, more investment not only leads to a higher and more efficient capital stock but also to new ideas and new ways of doing things, which can then be copied by others. Therefore, a single firm does not necessarily reap all of the benefits of increased output.Chapter 5 Aggregate supply and demandConceptual2. Explain why the calssical supply curve is vertical. What are the mechanisms that ensure continued full employment of labor in the calssical case?Answer:The classical aggregate supply curve is vertical, since the classical model assumes that nominal wages always adjust immediately to changes in the price level. This implies that the labor market is always in equilibrium and output is always at the full-employment level. If the AD-curve shifts to the right, firms try to increase output by hiring more workers, and they try to attract them by offering higher nominal wages. However, since we are already at full employment, the overall work force does not increase, so firms merely bid up nominal wages. The nominal wage increase is passed on in the form of higher product prices. Since the level of wages and prices will have increased proportionally, the real wage rate and the levels of employment and output will remain unchanged.If there is a decrease in demand, workers are willing to accept lower nominal wages to stay employed. Lower wage costs enable firms to lower their prices, and ultimatelynominal wages and prices decrease proportionally while the real wage rate and the levels of employment and output remain the same.Technical2. Suppose that the government increases spending from G to G’while simultaneously raising taxes in such a way that, at the initial level of output, the budget remains balanced.a. Show the effect of this change on the aggregate demand schedule.b. How does this affect output and the price level in the Keynisian case?c. How does this affect output and the price level in the classical case? Answer:a. According to the balanced budget theorem, a simultaneous and equal increase in government purchases and taxes will shift the AD-curve to the right, as the positive impact of the increase in government spending is greater than the negative impact of the tax increase. But if the AS-curve is upward sloping, then the balanced budget multiplier will be less than one, that is, the increase in output will be less than the increase in government purchases. This occurs because part of the fiscal expansion will be crowded out, that is, the level of private spending will decrease, due to a higher price level, lower real money balances, and the resulting rise in interest rates.b. In the Keynesian case, the AS-curve is horizontal and the price level remains unchanged. There is no real balance effect and therefore income increases more than in 2.a., that is, output increases by the whole shift in the AD-curve. However, the interest rate still increases and therefore the balanced budget multiplier is less than one (but greater than in 2.a.).c. In the classical case, the AS-curve is vertical and the output level remains unchanged. In this case, a shift in the AD-curve leads to a price increase and real money balances decline. Therefore interest rates increase further than in 2.b. or even 2.a., leading to full crowding out of investment. Hence the balanced budget multiplier is zero in the classical case.Chapter 6 Aggregate Supply: Wages, Prices, and UnemploymentConceptual1.Explain how the aggregate supply and Phillips curves are related to each other. Can any information be derived from one that cannot be derived from the other? Answer:The aggregate supply curve and the Phillips curve describe very similar relationships and both curves can be used to analyze the same phenomena. The AS-curve shows a relationship between the price level and the level of output, while the Phillips curve shows a relationship between the inflation and unemployment rates. For example, a movement along the upward-sloping AS-curve depicts an increase in the price level that is associated with an increase in the level of output. But Okun’s law states that changes in output and the rate of unemployment are tightly linked. Therefore, with an increase in the price level (a higher level of inflation) there will be a higher level of output (a lower level of unemployment). Thus the AS-curve is upward sloping while the Phillips curve is downward-sloping. This downward-sloping Phillips curve shifts whenever inflationary expectations change. If one assumes that workers will change their wage demands whenever their inflationary expectations change, one can conclude that a shift in the Phillips curve corresponds to a shift in the upward-sloping AS-curve, since higher wages imply a higher cost of production.The simple AD-AS diagram depicts a static framework, which relates changes in the price level to changes in output supplied or demanded. The Phillips-curve, on the other hand, depicts a dynamic framework in which percentage price changes (the rate of inflation) are related to changes in the unemployment rate. Along the short-run Phillips-curve inflationary expectations are assumed to be constant. If one assumes that price expectations are constant along the upward-sloping AS-curve, the AD-AS framework becomes even more compatible with the Phillips curve framework.CHAPTER 7 THE ANATOMY OF INFLATION AND UNEMPLOYMENT1.Discuss how the following changes would affect the natural (or frictional) rate of unemployment:a. Elimination of unionsb. Increased participation of teenagers in the labor market.Answer:a. It is unclear whether the elimination of unions would actually serve to reduce the natural rate of unemployment. The insider-outsider theory of the labor market suggests that firms bargain with unions (the insiders) and are not much concerned with the unemployed (the outsiders). If unions were eliminated, firms would tend to hire unemployed workers at a lower wage rate, thus reducing the natural unemployment rate. On the other hand, unions tend to preserve stable jobs for their members. Eliminating unions could lead not only to a reduction in bargaining power for labor in wage negotiations but also to an increase in the natural rate of unemployment. If labor unions were eliminated, the wage differentials between unionized and non-unionized workers would disappear and, in the process, some income would be redistributed.b. Increased labor force participation of teenagers would at least initially increase the natural rate of unemployment, since teenagers have a higher frequency of unemployment than older, more experienced workers. However, as more and more teenagers entered the labor force and more good and stable jobs became available to them, the natural rate of unemployment would start to decline again. With more people in the labor force, the supply of labor would be higher and wage rates would be driven down, contributing to wage stagnation.2. The following information is to be used for calculations of the unemployment rate: Suppose there are two major groups, adults and teenagers, with adults divided into men and women. Teenagers account for 10 percent of the labor force; adults account for 90 percent. Women make up 35 percent of the adult labor force. Suppose also that the unemployment rates for these groups are follows: teenagers, 19 percent; men, 7 percent; women, 6 percent.a. Calculate the aggregate unemployment rate.b. What if the share of teenagers in the labor force increases from 10 to 15 percent. How will this affect the aggregate unemployment rate?Answer:a. The aggregate unemployment rate can be calculated by adding the unemployment rates of different groups weighted by their share of the labor force. The data in the problem indicate that teenagers constitute 10% of the labor force. The adult work force (the other 90%) is divided into 35% females and 65% males. Thus we can calculate the overall unemployment rate as:u = (0.1)(0.19) + (0.9)[(0.35)(0.06) + (0.65)(0.07)] = 0.019 + (0.9)(0.021 + 0.0455)= 0.019 + 0.05985 = 0.07885 = 7.9%.b. If the labor force participation rate of teenagers increases to 15%, the overall unemployment rate changes to:u1 = (0.15)(0.19) + (0.85)[(0.35)(0.06) + (0.65)(0.07)]= 0.0285 + (0.85)(0.021 + 0.0455)= 0.0285 + 0.056525 = 0.085025 = 8.5%.CHAPTER 8 POLICY PREVIEW1. How does the Taylor rule help a central bank to set interest rates? How could this rule be adapted if the central bank decided to follow a policy of pure inflation targeting?Answer：The Taylor rule serves as a guide for a central bank on how to set the nominal interest rate in response to current economic conditions. Specifically it states that:i t = r*+ πt+ α*( πt - πt*) + β*[100* (Y t - Y t* )/Y t* ]and suggests that if the inflation rate goes above the inflation target rate π* set by t he central bank or if output goes above the full-employment level Y*, the central bank should raise interest rates . Clearly, the larger the size of the coefficients α and β, the more aggressively the central bank should respond to a change in either inflation or output. If the coefficient β is set to β = 0, the Taylor rule corresponds to strict inflation targeting, in which changes in output are ignored while the central bank still responds to changes in the inflation rate.2. Assume output is currently 1.6% below its full-employment level and the inflation rate is3.5%. Assume further that the central bank has specified that the inflation coefficient is α = 0.5 and that the “natural real interest rate” is assumed to be 2%. At what level should the central bank set the nominal interest rate if it wants to enforce a strict inflation target of 2.5%?Answer：The Taylor rule suggests that a central bank sets the nominal interest rate in the following way:i t = r*+ πt+ α*( πt - πt*) + β*[100* (Y t - Y t* )/Y t* ]Strict inflation targeting suggests that the output coefficient is set to β = 0, so it does not matter how far GDP is below its potential. However, if the current inflation rate is 3.5%, then according to the Taylor rule the central bank should set the nominal interest rate at 6%, sincei t = 2 + 3.5 + 0.5*(3.5 – 2.5) = 5.5 + 05*(1) = 6.。

宏观经济学作业与参考答案宏观经济学作业与参考答案宏观经济学作为经济学的一个重要分支，研究的是整个经济系统的运行和发展规律。

在学习宏观经济学的过程中，老师常常会布置一些作业来检验学生对于宏观经济学知识的理解和运用能力。

而对于这些作业，学生们往往会遇到一些困惑，不知道如何下手和解答。

因此，本文将为大家提供一些宏观经济学作业的参考答案，希望能够对大家的学习有所帮助。

第一题：请解释什么是国内生产总值（GDP）？并简要说明如何计算GDP。

国内生产总值（GDP）是衡量一个国家经济总体规模和增长速度的重要指标。

它表示在一定时期内，一个国家所有居民和企业生产的最终产品和服务的总价值。

计算GDP的方法有三种：产出法、收入法和支出法。

产出法是根据各个产业和部门的生产总值来计算GDP。

通过统计各个产业和部门的产出价值，然后将它们加总即可得到GDP。

收入法是根据国内居民和企业的收入来计算GDP。

收入包括工资、利润、利息和租金等。

通过统计这些收入的总和，就可以得到GDP。

支出法是根据国内居民和企业的支出来计算GDP。

支出包括消费支出、投资支出、政府支出和净出口。

通过统计这些支出的总和，就可以得到GDP。

第二题：请解释什么是通货膨胀？并简要说明通货膨胀对经济的影响。

通货膨胀是指一定时期内货币供应量过多，导致货币失去购买力，物价普遍上涨的现象。

通货膨胀会对经济产生一系列的影响。

首先，通货膨胀会导致消费者的购买力下降。

由于物价上涨，人们需要支付更多的货币来购买同样的商品和服务，这会减少人们的实际消费能力。

其次，通货膨胀会影响企业的生产成本。

由于物价上涨，企业需要支付更高的成本来购买原材料和劳动力，从而降低了企业的利润率。

此外，通货膨胀还会对投资产生影响。

由于物价上涨，人们对未来的物价走势感到不确定，从而减少了对投资的积极性，影响了经济的发展。

最后，通货膨胀还会对固定收入者造成负面影响。

由于物价上涨，固定收入者的实际收入会下降，导致他们的生活水平下降。

宏观经济学1. 要求：鼓励独立完成作业，严惩抄袭。

慎交作业，责任自负。

下列各项，不计入国内生产总值的有（）。

（第二章，视频教学课件第7-9讲）A. 出口到国外的一批货物B. 政府给贫困家庭发放的一批救济金C. 经纪人为一笔旧房买卖收取的一笔佣金D. 保险公司收到一笔家庭财产保险费标准答案：B2. 一国的国内生产总值大于国民生产总值，则该国公民从国外取得的收入（）外国国民从该国取得的收入。

（第二章，视频教学课件第7-9讲）A. 大于B. 小于C. 等于D. 不能确定标准答案：B3. 假定某国目前的均衡收入是5500亿元，如果政府要把收入提高到6000亿元，在边际消费倾向是0.9的条件下，应增加支出（）。

（第三章，视频教学课件第10-18讲）A. 500亿元B. 50亿元C. 10亿元D. 30亿元标准答案：B4. 如果边际消费倾向MPC为0.8，税收为定量税，则以下措施中使收入水平降低最多的是（）。

A. 增加税收100B. 增加税收100，同时设法使MPC上升到0.85C. 减少政府购买100D. 减少转移支付50，同时设法使MPC上升到0.9标准答案：B5. 自发投资支出增加10亿美元，会使IS曲线（）。

（第四章，视频教学课件第19-25讲）A. 右移10亿美元B. 左移10亿美元C. 右移支出乘数乘以10亿美元D. 左移支出乘数乘以10亿美元标准答案：C6. 假设货币供给量和价格水平不变，货币需求为收入和利率的函数，则收入增加时（）。

（第四章，视频教学课件第19-25讲）A. 货币需求增加，利率上升B. 货币需求增加，利率下降C. 货币需求减少，利率上升D. 货币需求减少，利率下降标准答案：A7. 利率和收入的组合点出现在IS曲线右上方，LM曲线左上方区域中，则表示（）（第四章，视频教学课件第19-25讲）A. 投资小于储蓄，且货币需求小于货币供给B. 投资小于储蓄，且货币供给小于货币需求C. 投资大于储蓄，且货币需求小于货币供给D. 投资大于储蓄，且货币需求大于货币供给标准答案：A8. 中央银行精确度最高的货币政策工具是（）。

《宏观经济学》章节习题及答案解析第一章导论1、怎样理解宏观经济学的研究对象？【解答】宏观经济学研究的对象是经济的总体行为。

它的基本研究方法是考察经济的总体趋势，采用总量分析法。

它解决的主要中心问题经济周期与失业、通货膨胀和经济增长。

与微观经济学不同，宏观经济学则主要研究整体经济，以产出、失业、通货膨胀这些大范围内的经济现象为研究对象，其目的是对产出、失业以及价格的变动作出经济解释，宏观经济学的研究方法则是总量分析，即对能够反映整个经济运行情况的经济变量的决定、变动及其相互关系进行分析。

这些总量包括两类，一类是个量的总和，另一类是平均量。

因此，宏观经济学又称为“总量经济学”。

《宏观经济学》章节习题及答案解析第二章国民收入核算1、下列项目是否计入GDP，为什么？（1）政府转移支付（2）购买一辆用过的卡车（3）购买普通股票（4）购买一块地产【解答】（1）政府转移支付不计入GDP，因为政府转移支付只是简单地通过税收（包括社会保障税）和社会保险及社会救济等把收入从一个人或一个组织转移到另一个人或另一个组织手中，并没有相应的货物或劳务发生。

例如，政府给残疾人发放救济金，并不是残疾人创造了收入；相反，倒是因为他丧失了创造收入的能力从而失去生活来源才给予救济的。

（2）购买一辆用过的卡车不计入GDP，因为在生产时已经计入过。

（3）购买普通股票不计入GDP，因为经济学上所讲的投资是增加或替换资本资产的支出，即购买新厂房，设备和存货的行为，而人们购买股票和债券只是一种证券交易活动，并不是实际的生产经营活动。

（4）购买一块地产也不计入GDP，因为购买地产只是一种所有权的转移活动，不属于经济意义的投资活动，故不计入GDP。

2、如果甲乙两国并成一个国家，对GDP 总和会有什么影响（假定两国产出不变）？【解答】如果甲乙两国合并成一个国家，对GDP 总和会有影响。

因为甲乙两国未合并成一个国家时，双方可能有贸易往来，但这种贸易只会影响甲国或乙国的GDP，对两国GDP 总和不会有影响。

宏观经济学作业一及答案（国民收入模块）作者:日期: 2、单项选择题1. 一国的国内生产总值（GDP （）。

A. 是指一定时期内（通常为一年）在该国境内生产的全部最终产品和劳务的货币价值总和B. 是指一定时期内（通常为一年）该国的国民（无论在哪里居住）生产的全部最终产品和劳务货币价值总和C. 等于C 、In 、S 、Xn 的总和D. 在数值上总是低于 GNP2. 一国的国民生产总值（GNP （ ）A. 是指一定时期内（通常为一年）在该国境内生产的全部最终产品和劳务的货币价值总和B. 是指一定时期内（通常为一年）该国的国民（无论在哪里居住）生产的全部最终产品和劳务货币价值总和C. 等于C 、S 、G 和Xn 的总和D. 在数值上总是低于 GDP3. —国的GDP 和GNP 之间的主要区别在于 GDP 包括（ A. 外国要素所有者在该国内获得的净要素报酬 C.转移支付D4 •在哪种情况下， GDP 会等于GNP ?（ ）5 •假定李强支付1000元给王刚，则（ ）。

A. 可以肯定国内生产总值（GDP 增加了 1000元B. 可以肯定国内生产总值（GDP 增加了，但无法确定增加的数量C. 可以肯定名义国内生产总值增加了，但无法确定实际国内生产总值是增加还是减少D. 据已知信息无法确定国内生产总值是否发生变化6•进行国民收入核算时怎样避免重复计算？（ ）A.在计算时包括转移支付 B •中间产品和最终产品都计算在内 C.只计算最终产品和劳务D•只计算中间产品7•将一国经济中所有市场交易的货币价值进行加总（ ）A. 会得到生产过程中所使用的全部资源的市场价值B.所获得的数值可能大于、小于或等于 GDP 的值C. 会得到经济中的新增价值总和D. 会得到国内生产总值'8刘老师在家里后院自己种菜供自家食用，这种活动（ ）A. 不计算在GDP 之内，是为了避免重复计算B. 不计算在GDP 之内，因为这里包含了中间产品C. 计算在GDP 之内，因为它反映了生产活动D. 具有生产性，但不计算在 GDP 之内，因为没有市场交易发生9. 可以将哪几项加总求得 GDP ?（ ）A. 消费、投资、政府购买支出、出口和进口B. 国内私人总投资、政府购买支出、消费和净出口C. 消费、投资、工资和租金B•固定资本消费 •政府购买支岀A.转移支付为零时 B •固定资本消费为零时 C.外国要素所有者在该国内获得的净要素报酬为时 D .个人税收为零时13 •在经济学的定义中，投资包括（A. 任何企业存货的增加C.购买普通股票或优先股票•储蓄帐户上的现金增加•购买耐用品，如汽车、冰箱等14 •根据国民收入核算中的定义，投资是指（）A. 企业用于购置机器设备的支岀 B •所有建筑C.企业存货的变动 D .以上都是15•要核算GDP时，政府转移支付（例如社会保障支岀或失业救济等）是（）A. 计入GDP中的 B .投资支出C.计作政府购买支岀 D •计作消费支岀16 •在核算GDP时，转移支付（）A. 不计入是因为它们仅仅反映通货膨胀水平B. 不计入是因为它们不具有“生产性”C. 计入是因为它们属于投资支岀的一部分D. 计入是因为它们增加了接受者的支出17. GDP与NDP的区别在于（）A. GDP计算的是总出口，而NDP计算的是净出口B. GDP包括企业税，而NDP不包括企业税C. 在计算GDP时计入的是净投资而计算NDP时计入的是总投资D. 在计算GDP时计入的是总投资而计算NDP时计入的是净投资18 •如果折旧高于当年私人总投资，则说明（）A.名义GDP上升，但实际GDP下降 B .投资是负的C.该经济中的进口大于出口 D .经济在扩张19 •在哪种情况下，一国经济在扩大其资本品的存量？（）A.当净投资高于总投资时C.当总投资高于资本折旧时B •当资本折旧高于总投资时D •当总投资为正时20 •如果某年的国内私人总投资为1200亿元，净投资为650亿元，则该年度该国的资本存量（D.消费、投资、政府购买支岀和进口10 •净岀口是指（）。

华东理⼯⼤学中级宏观经济学题库完整第6章经济增长⼀、选择题1.⽣产函数Y=F（K，L）在下列哪种情况下规模收益不变( A )（zK，zL）=zY。

（zK，zL）=Y。

（K，L）=Y。

（K+1，L+1）—F（K，L）=12.如果⽣产数Y=F（K，L）规模收益不变，那么( D )（zK，zL）=zY。

（K/L，1）=Y/L。

=f(k),其中Y是⼈均产量，k 是⼈均资本。

D.以上全部。

3 以下关于资本的边际产量MPK的陈述，错误的是( C )= f(k+1)－f(k).会随着k的增加⽽减⼩。

C.如果资本很少，则MPK很⼩。

与⽣产函数y=(k)的斜率相等。

4.资本存量的变化等于（ B ）A.投资加上折旧。

B.投资减去折旧。

C.投资乘以折旧。

D.投资除以折旧。

5.如果资本平均持续50年，折旧率为( B )%，即每年。

%，即每年。

，即每年即每年2。

6.在⼀个没有⼈⼝增长的稳态⾥( D )A.⼈均资本量保持不变。

B.⼈均投资等于⼈均折旧。

C.⼈均储蓄等于⼈均折旧。

D.以上全部。

7 如果没有⼈⼝增长，⼈均资本的稳态⽔平将会上升，只要( C )A.⼈均投资量下降。

B.折旧率上升。

C.储蓄率上升。

D.以上全部。

8 如果y=k1/2,s=，折旧率δ=20%（即）,⼈均资本存量的稳态⽔平等于( A )。

．。

9 在第8题描述的稳态下，⼈均储蓄量和⼈均投资量等于( A )A.0.8。

10 假设⼀个处于稳态的国家实施了提⾼储蓄率的政策。

达到新的稳态后( B )A.⼈均产量将⽐之前增长得更快。

B.⼈均产量将⽐之前⾼。

C.⼈均资本量和之前相同。

D以上全部正确。

11.资本的黄⾦律⽔平k*⾦表⽰的稳态中，下列哪项值最⾼( A )A.⼈均消费⽔平。

B.⼈均产量。

C.⼈均消费的增长率。

D. ⼈均产量的增长率。

12.不考虑⼈⼝增长，在资本的黄⾦律⽔平k*⾦处( B )（k*⾦）=δk*⾦。

=δ。

（k）达到最⼤值。

D 以上全部。

13.如果y=k1/2，δ=5%=，资本的黄⾦律⽔平k*⾦=100，那么与资本的黄⾦律⽔平相关的储蓄率是( D ) A．5%，即。

《宏观经济学教程》教材习题答案（非官方资料，仅供参考，不保证正确）第一章总产出二、分析与思考1,在总产值中包含着中间产站的价值，如來以各部门的产值总和來合算总产出，则会出现重复计算。

2,因为这只是证券资产的交易，在这种交易中获得的利润或蒙受的损火与本期生产无关。

3,可能会，因为销售的产品可能是上年生产的产品。

GDP与GNP应该以后者，即木年生产的最终产品为口径。

因为它是用來衡量国家当年总产出水平的量的。

4,不是，因为个人可支配收入是GNP或GDP中减去折旧、间接税、公司利润、社会保障支付、个人所得税，再加上转移支付得到的。

5,购买住宅属于投资行为，因为西方国家的消费者购买或建造住宅一般都是使用银行贷款, 而且住宅也像企业的固定资产一样，是一次购买、长期使用、逐步消耗的。

6,--般小间产品在当期生产屮全部被消耗掉，其价值完全包含在产品的销售价格小。

而，固定资产在生产过程中则是被逐步消耗的，计入当期产品生产成本的仅仅是固定资产中部分被消耗掉的价值，即折IH。

7,不是。

因为总支出包括消费，投资，政府购买和净岀口，并不只是在消费授终产品上。

8,不是。

总产出包括的是净出口，对外贸易规模人，如果进口大于出口，则总产出规模不会因对外贸易规模大而变大。

9,可以。

因为名义GDP与实际GDP的比率是消费价格平减指数，平减指数可以衡量物价水平变化，所以可用来衡量通货膨胀率。

10,不一定。

因为购买力平价在计算时冇样木选择的典型性与权重确定上的困难，不能很好地反映两国货币实际比率。

三、计算题1,解：Y = C + I + G + NXGNP二8000+5000+2500+2000-1500二16000NNP= GNP •折旧NYP二16000-500二15500NI= NNP・间接税NT=15500-2000=13500PI=NI-公司未分配利润•公司所得税和社会保险税+政府转移支付Pl=13500+500=14000DPI二PI •个人所得税DPI二14000- (3000-2000) =13000第二章消费、储蓄与投资二、分析与思考1,不包括公共产品的消费。