2018届高三英语复习试题：专题三第二讲 词义猜测题 题型突破含解析

3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义 词、近义词或词组猜测词义。
1.Cleaning up waterways is an gigantic task .The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.
1.One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.
(adj. 贫穷的,穷困的)
2.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
1. Definition 定义法： 一般通过定义、定语 （从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。
1. It will be very hard but very brittle — that is , it will break easily.
A. fragile B. soft C. weak D. strong
根据同义词
3.The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.
取代
and ,or ,such as, like， for example, for instance常连接同义词组 。
4. Cause Effect 因果法：从原因推 测结果，从结果推测原因。
By saying “the brain at any age is highly plastic”, the writer means the brain can be _____.

真题演练(三)[2015·江苏]AVisitor Code•Arrive with nothing that can harm New ZealandIf you are arriving from overseas，bring no food，animal or plant material into the country.If in doubt declare it to Customs.•Protect plants and animalsNever allow dogs or other pets to run freely in areas of nesting birds，other wildlife，or where signposted.•Get rid of rubbishAlways get rid of your rubbish properly and recycle waste(e.g.，glass，paper) where possible.•Be considerate with other wasteIf using a portable toilet always throw away your toilet waste at a proper waste station.In the back country，bury your toilet waste in a shallow hole away from waterways.•Keep New Zealand’s water cleanBecause soaps and other wastes can harm waterways，be careful your washing water doesn’t pollute the sea，lakes and rivers.•Take care with fireAlways observe district fire bans.Be careful if you smoke or have an outdoor fire or barbecue—make sure ashes are cold before leaving.•Camp or picnic carefullyWhen camping or picnicking，use facilities provided.•Keep to the trackKeep to the track，where one exists，so you lessen the chance of damaging fragile plants.•Be considerateWhen driving，minimize noise and observe no smoking signs.56．According to the Code，visitors should act .A．with care and respectB．with relief and pleasureC．with caution and calmnessD．with attention and observation答案 A解析推理判断题。

2017届新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意（词义）解题策略高考考情分析解读：词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型。

词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义推断，也可以是对一个短语或一个句子的意义推断，既可以是生词生义，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。

通过对近年新课标全国卷分析统计来看，词义猜测题一般有1－2题。

考查相对比较稳定，但难度略有增加，需要在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。

在词义猜测题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。

2016年全国卷设问形式例子：(1)What does the underlined word “downside”in Paragraph 4 probably mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅱ)(2)What does the underline phrase “a pipe dream”in Paragraph 3 mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅲ)(3)What does the word “contributions”in the last paragraph refer to？(2015年课标全国卷Ⅰ)常见的命题形式有：The underlined word in the second paragraph means “________”．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?The underlined word “________”in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “________”．What does the phrase “________”in Paragraph 1 mean?本学案结构：代词指代猜测题目句子猜测句意题目附：典故谚语知识储备单词或短语意思猜测题该题型着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。

绝密★启用前2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标III卷）英语注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2. 作答时，务必将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。

3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5短对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

学科@网例：How much is the shirt？A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.1.What does John find difficult in learning German？A .Pronunciation. B. V ocabulary. C. Grammar.2.What is the probable relationship between the speakers？A. Colleagues.B. Brother and sister.C. Teacher and student.3.Where does the conversation probably take place？A. In a bank.B. At a ticket office.C. On a train.4. What are the speakers talking about？A.A restaurant.B.A street.C.A dish.5.What does the woman think of her interview？A. It was tough.B. It was interesting.C. It was successful.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

A(2017·云南高三检测一)My doorbell rings at 11 a．m. On the step, I find an elderly Chinese lady. She is small and slight. She holds a paper carrier bag in her hands.I know this lady. It is by no means her first visit. Her daughter, Nicole, bought the house next door last October.Nicole, who is currently in Shanghai, has apparently told her mother that I am having heart surgery shortly, and the result is that her mother has decided I need to be supplied with meals.I know what is inside the paper carrier bag—a stainless steel container with a meal of rice, vegetables and either chicken, meat or shrimp. This has become an almost­daily occurrence.Communication between my benefactor(恩人) and me is somewhat handicapped by the fact that she doesn’t speak English and all I can say in Mandarin is “ hello”. Once, she brought an iPad and pointed to the screen, which displayed a message from Nicole telling me that her mother wanted to know if the food was all right.“Your mother just can’t be bringing me meals like this all the time，”I protested. “I can hardly reciprocate by cooking something from my native land, like roast beef or Yorkshire pudding for her, ”I said.“Oh, no，”Nicole said. “Don’t worry about that. She has to cook for the family anyway, and she wants to do it for you. You can call her Wing, which is her surname. ”The tenant in my basement suite is a university student who speaks Mandarin quite well, so with her help, I have found out that Wing is 68—13 years younger than I am. For my part, I was raised in wartime Britain.So here we are, two grandmothers a world away from where we were raised, neither of us able to speak the other’s language. But the doorbell keeps ringing and there is the familiar paper carrier bag, handed smilingly to me by Wing.Right now I am working on some more Mandarin words—it’s the least I can do after such a display of kindness.“Thank you”is, of course, the first one, which somehow seems inadequate.[解题导语]本文是一篇记叙文。

模式4| 词义猜测题(对应学生用书第52页)单词、短语的含义单词表示的对象句子的含义代词的指代对象根据上下文猜测单词或短语的含义。

猜测单词(一般是名词)代表什么范畴的东西。

根据上下文猜测某个句子的含义。

根据上下文猜测代词it，they，that，these，those代指的人或物。

解题技巧1.利用针对性的解释，如定义、同位语、定语从句、重述等。

2.利用标点符号，如破折号、冒号、分号、引号后面的内容或括号中的内容。

3.利用文中列举的例子或给出的同义词、反义词等。

4.根据内文逻辑关系，如并列、对比、因果关系等。

5.根据构词法，如前缀、后缀、复合词等。

[典例1] (2017·江苏高考卷，B节选)Before birth，babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices.They can even distinguish their mother's voice from that of a female stranger.But when it comes to embryonic learning(胎教)，birds could rule_the_roost．As recently reported in The Auk：Ornithological Ad v ances，some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch(孵化)．New-born chicks can then imitate their mom's call within a few days of entering the world. 58．The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means “________”．A．be the worstB．be the bestC．be just as badD．be just as good58.B[考查词义猜测。

2018高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题专题突破Step1猜测词义常见设问方式1.Which of the following is the nearest in meaning to “’’？2.What does the author probably mean by “’’?in the contest means _____.3.The word “’’4.The term can be best replaced by _____.probably refers to ____.5.The word “’’refers to ______.6.As used in the line … the word “’’7.According to the passage, the word “’’is known as_____.to refer to ____8.The passage use the word “’’means____.9.According to the author, the underlined word “’’10.From the context/ passage, we can infer that the word “’’means _____.在词义猜测题中，有些词汇并非生词，只需要根据上下文去推测它应在文章中的具体含义，或找出其指代对象。

做这类题，应仔细阅读出现该词的上下文，文章中往往会对这类词或短语进行重复解释或概括归纳。

因此答案往往可从文章中找出或推测出。

Step2. 方法探究1. Charlotte’s tale was inspired by the girls’ coin collection. “We’ve collected foreign coins foryears-since our families went on holiday to Tenerife,”she explains. “That was before the Euro, so we put pesetas in.”The underlined word “pesetas” in Paragraph 2 is a kind of _______.A. storyB. collectionC. inspirationD. foreign coin2. Today when many tend to worry more about their own happiness, Houng’s deeds remind usof what we usually neglect: love and care for others. Without these, none of us could survive.Houng turned down donations from others. He said he felt encouraged by kind offers, but he could depend on his own work.The underlined word “donation” in Para.3 probably means ______.A. invitation to give a speechB. something, especially given to help othersC. questions asked by interviewersD. chances to be a hero【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。

2018年高考全国卷（Ⅲ）英语试题解析版第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)AWelcome to Holker Hall & GardensVisitor InformationHow to Get to HolkerBy Car： Follow brown signs an A590 from JB6, M6.Approximale travel times: Windermere-20 minutes, Kendal-25 minutes, Lancaster-45 minutes, Manchester-I hour 30 minutes.By Rail: The nearest station is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster Preston for connections to major cities & airports.Opening TimesSunday-Friday (closed on Saturday)11:00 am-4:00pm,30 March-2nd November. Admission ChargesHall & Gardens GardensAdults: £12.00 £8.00Groups £9 £5.5Producers: Market 13th AprilJoin us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas.Holker Garden Festival 30th MayThe event celebrate its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in gardening.National Garden Day 28th AugustHolker once again opens is gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide.Winter Market 8th NovemberThis is an event for all the family. Wander among a variety of shops selling gifs while enjoyinga live music show and nice street entertainment.21. How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester?A. 20minutes.B. 25 minutes.C. 45 minutes.D. 90 minutes.22. How much should a member of a tour group pay to visit to Hall & Cardens?A. £l2.00.B. £9.00.C. £8.0D. £5.5023. Which event will you go to if you want to see a live music show?A. Producers' Market.B. Holker Garden Festival.C. National Garden Day.D. Winter Market.【答案】21. D 22. B 23. D【解析】文章为旅游指南。

（江苏专版）2018年高考英语二轮复习增分篇专题巧突破专题三阅读理解专题限时检测（二十一）阅读理解词义猜测类之单词意义猜测题编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（（江苏专版）2018年高考英语二轮复习增分篇专题巧突破专题三阅读理解专题限时检测（二十一）阅读理解词义猜测类之单词意义猜测题）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。

同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。

本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为（江苏专版）2018年高考英语二轮复习增分篇专题巧突破专题三阅读理解专题限时检测（二十一）阅读理解词义猜测类之单词意义猜测题的全部内容。

专题限时检测（二十一）阅读理解词义猜测类之单词意义猜测题（加★的为单词意义猜测题，本卷限时23分钟）A(2017·南京市四校联考)As seniors in co llege looking forward to life’s next goals — graduation and employment — it is important to have a sense of feeling important。

Every time I look through job listings, there is a small, and sometimes not so small current running through my mind， spitting out little charges that are meant to stop me from even applying。

The charges come in the form of words that seem to shout out like “It is not even worth trying！” or “Laugh out loud and look as if you were a qualified man 。

六、推理判断——写作意图题(2018·北京，C)Plastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year.Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场)，and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans.So far there is no effective way to get rid of it，but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene，which accounts for 40% of plastics.The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours，and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams，or almost 3% of it.To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown，the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films.14hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass—apparently broken down by enzymes(酶) from the worms’ stomachs.Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini，co-author of the study，says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food—beeswax—also allows them to break down plastic.“Wax is a complex mixture，but the basic bond in polyethylene，the carbon-carbon bond，is there as well，” she explains.“The wax worm evolve d a method or system to break this bond.”Jennifer DeBruyn，a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee，who was not involved in the study，says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene.But compared with previous studies，she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.The next step，DeBruyn says，will be to identify the cause of the breakdown.Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills.But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”43.What can we learn about the worms in the study?A.They take plastics as their everyday food.B.They are newly evolved creatures.C.They can consume plastics.D.They wind up in landfills.答案 C解析推理判断题。

备战2018年高考英语之高频考点解密词义猜测是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中必考的题型。

它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。

考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。

【命题趋势】1.要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。

2.要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。

3.代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。

用＂逻辑关系梳理法＂、＂递向寻踪法＂理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。

【设问形式】1. The underlined word ＂…＂in the second(third…) paragraph refers to(means) ______.2. By saying that ＂…＂in the first(second…) paragraph, the author means that ______.3. In paragraph …, ＂…＂ can be replaced by ＂______＂.4. The meaning of ＂…＂in paragraph… is related to ______.5. Which of the following has the closest meaning to…(paragraph…)?6. The underlined sentence in the … paragraph probably means that _____.对此类试题，考生应该进行大胆猜测，但这种猜测不是胡乱的，盲目的，而是有一定的方法和技巧。

下面介绍几种常见的猜测词义的方法供同学们加以运用。

一、相似法：利用同义词、近义词（词组）或相似的结构猜测词义。

猜测词义本类考题解答锦囊英语的一个显著特点是它庞大的词汇数量。

即使一个拥有上万单词量的人在阅读英语读物中也难免会遇到生词。

如果每遇到生词，就查阅词典，不但会降低阅读速度，而且往往使阅读变得索然无味。

据调查，影响人们阅读理解的，首先是词汇。

因此学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，对排除阅读时某些生词的干扰，降低生词率是十分必要的。

任何一个买词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。

NMET阅读理解中猜测词义的考查内容既可以是文中的生词，也可以是熟词新义、短语或句子。

但都要求考生根据上下文线索(即具体语境)作出推断。

此类题的提问形式一般有：1. Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to"... "?2. The underlined word, means_______.3. The underlined phrase, means_______.4. Theun derlined sentence,means_______.利用上下文的提示猜测词义的方法有如下几种：1.根据定义或解释猜测词义【例题】(1)A calendar is a list of the days,weeks,months of a particular year.根据定义, calendar 的意思是日历.。

(2)A biography is the story of a person's life written by someone else 根据定义，biography 的意思是凡别人写的生平叫做传记。

(3)Some writers are no longer writing about the modern values of the USA--money, Success or expensive things to buy.2.破折号后而的内容是对 value 一词的具体解释。

A(2017·河北石家庄高三质检)Recently I and other Red Cross volunteers met a group of victims from Hurricane Katrina. We were there, as mental health professionals, to offer “psychological first aid”and I was struck by the simple healing power of presence. As we walked in the gate to the shelter, we were greeted with a burst of gratitude(感激) from the first person we met. I felt appreciated, but also guilty, because I hadn’t really done anything yet.I first realized the power of presence many years ago when a friend’s mother passed away unexpectedly. I received a call saying she had just passed away. I wanted to rush down there immediately, but didn’t want to intrude (打扰) on this very personal period of sadness. I was torn about what to do. Another friend with me then said, “Just go. Just be there.”I did, and I will never regret it.Since then, I have not hesitated to be in the presence of others. Once I sat at the bedside of a young man suffering from the pain of his AIDS-related dying. He was not awake, and obviously unaware of others’presence. However, the atmosphere was by no means solemn. His family, playing guitars and singing, allowed him to be present with them as though he were still fully alive.In my life, I am repeatedly struck by the healing power of presence. In it, none of us are truly alone. It not only is something we give to others but also changes me for the better.[解题导语]本文主要讲述了“我”通过一些活动意识到“到场”的意义的故事。

2018年高考阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧respected schools tend to have good jobsC poor children with certificates are favoured in job marketsD children attending ordinary schools achieve great success【解析】B。

请看原Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them—a form of favourtism will replace equality破折号后的句子是对前面进行解释说明的，二者是同位关系，因此要猜测favourtism的意思可从前面句子的意思入手。

答案为B。

3、根据构词法（合成、派生、转化等）进行猜测在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，在后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起，这个词可能是新词，但掌握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义。

例如“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10,” Anaclerio said, “and they’re very interactive and creative in that they built a sense of drama based on a subject”中interactive是由前缀inter-(相互的)和active（活动的，活跃的）而构成的，同时根据上下的意思可以判断，该词的含义应是“互动的”。

Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years But the next hundred?possibility 是possible 的同根名词，据此可以判断定possibility 意思是“可能性”。

A(2017·河北石家庄高三质检)Recently I and other Red Cross volunteers met a group of victims from Hurricane Katrina. We were there, as mental health professionals, to offer “psychological first aid”and I was struck by the simple healing power of presence. As we walked in the gate to the shelter, we were greeted with a burst of gratitude(感激) from the first person we met. I felt appreciated, but also guilty, because I hadn’t really done anything yet.I first realized the power of presence many years ago when a friend’s mother passed away unexpectedly. I received a call saying she had just passed away. I wanted to rush down there immediately, but didn’t want to intrude (打扰) on this very personal period of sadness. I was torn about what to do. Another friend with me then said, “Just go. Just be there.”I did, and I will never regret it.Since then, I have not hesitated to be in the presence of others. Once I sat at the bedside of a young man suffering from the pain of his AIDS-related dying. He was not awake, and obviously unaware of others’presence. However, the atmosphere was by no means solemn. His family, playing guitars and singing, allowed him to be present with them as though he were still fully alive.In my life, I am repeatedly struck by the healing power of presence. In it, none of us are truly alone. It not only is something we give to others but also changes me for the better.[解题导语]本文主要讲述了“我”通过一些活动意识到“到场”的意义的故事。

真题演练(一)[2017·江苏]A56．What is CHRONOLOGICA according to the text?A．A biography. B．A travel guide.C．A history book. D．A science fiction.答案 C解析细节理解题。

由倒数第二段中的“While CHRONOLOGICA tells the stories...this book also gives...”可知CHRONOLOGICA是一本书，再根据文章开头所说的这是一次穿越时间的迷人旅行(a fascinating journey through time)可判断这是一本历史书。

故选C项。

57．How does the writer recommend CHRONOLOGICA to readers?A．By giving details of its collection.B．By introducing some of its contents.C．By telling stories at the beginning.D．By comparing it with other books.答案 B解析推理判断题。

通读文章可知，作者提到了这本书的部分内容——罗马的建立，因特网的缔造，罗马皇帝及百年战争等。

故选B项。

BBefore birth，babies can tell the difference between loud soundsand voices.They can even distinguish their mother’s voice from thatof a female stranger.But when it comes to embryonic learning(胎教)，birds could rule the roost.As recently reported in The Auk：Ornithological Ad v ances，some mother birds may teach their young tosing even before they hatch(孵化)．New-born chicks can then imitate their mom’s call within a few days of entering the world.This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer，a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia，and her colleagues.Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs.When the eggs were hatched，the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers—a sound that served as their regular “feed me！” call.To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds，the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren，another species of Australian songbird.First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching.Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notes.A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced bymothers and chicks，ranking them by similarity.It turns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms.And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs，the more similar were the babies’begging calls.In addition，the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom’s voice were rewarded with the most food.This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological(神经系统的) strengths of children to parents.An evolutionary inference can then be drawn.“As a parent，do you invest in quality children，or do you invest in children that are in need？”Kleindorfer asks.“Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.”58．The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means “”．A．be the worst B．be the bestC．be just as bad D．be just as good答案 B解析词义猜测题。