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《民用建筑电气设计规范》JGJ 16-20084．3 配电变压器选择4．3．1 配电变压器选择应根据建筑物的性质和负荷情况、环境条件确定，并应选用节能型变压器。
4. 3．2 配电变压器的长期工作负载率不宜大于85％。
4．3．3 当符合下列条件之一时，可设专用变压器：1 电力和照明采用共用变压器将严重影响照明质量及光源寿命时，可设照明专用变压器；2 季节性负荷容量较大或冲击性负荷严重影响电能质量时，可设专用变压器；3 单相负荷容量较大，由于不平衡负荷引起中性导体电流超过变压器低压绕组额定电流的25％时，或只有单相负荷其容量不是很大时，可设置单相变压器；4 出于功能需要的某些特殊设备，可设专用变压器；5 在电源系统不接地或经高阻抗接地，电气装置外露可导电部分就地接地的低压系统中(1T系统)，照明系统应设专用变压器。
4．3．4 供电系统中，配电变压器宜选用D，ynll接线组别的变压器。
4．3．5 设置在民用建筑中的变压器，应选择干式、气体绝缘或非可燃性液体绝缘的变压器。
当单台变压器油量为100kg及以上时，应设置单独的变压器室。
4．3．6 变压器低压侧电压为0.4kV时，单台变压器容量不宜大于1250kVA。
预装式变电所变压器，单台容量不宜大于800kVA。
4．4 主接线及电器选择4．4．1 配变电所电压为10(6)kV及0.4kV的母线，宜采用单母线或单母线分段接线形式。
4．4．2 配变电所10(6)kV电源进线开关宜采用断路器或带熔断器的负荷开关。
当无继电保护和自动装置要求，且供电容量较小、出线回路数少、无需带负荷操作时，也可采用隔离开关或隔离触头。
4．4．3 配变电所电压为10(6)kV的母线分段处，宜装设与电源进线开关相同型号的断路器，但系统在同时满足下列条件时，可只装设隔离电器：1 事故时手动切换电源能满足要求；2 不需要带负荷操作；3 对母线分段开关无继电保护或自动装置要求。
4．4．4 采用电压为10(6)kV固定式配电装置时，应在电源侧装设隔离电器；在架空出线回路或有反馈可能的电缆出线回路中，尚应在出线侧装设隔离电器。
中华人民共和国行业标准民用建筑电气设计规范Code for Electrical Design of Civil BuildingsJGJ 16-2008主编单位：中国建筑东北设计研究院批准部门：中华人民共和国建设部施行日期：2008年8月1日12 接地及安全12.1 一般规定12.1.1 本章适用于交流35kV 及以下用电设备及对地不能构成闭合回路的直流用电设备的接地及安全设计。
12.1.2 用电设备的接地，一般可区分为保护性接地和功能性接地。
12.1.3 用电设备接地及安全设计应根据工程特点和地质特点确定合理接地系统方案。
12.1.4 不同用途和不同电压等级用电设备的接地(包括保护性接地和功能性接地)，除另有规定者外，宜采用一个总的共用接地装置；对其他非电力设备(电讯及其他电子设备)，除有特殊要求者外，也可采用共用接地装置，接地装置的接地电阻应符合其中设备最小值的要求。
12.1.5 在10kV及以下电力网中，严禁利用大地作相线或中性线。
12.1.6 等电位联结是安全保障的根本措施，每个建筑都应根据建筑特点采取相应有效的办法。
12.2 低压配电系统的接地型式和基本要求12.2.1 低压配电系统接地型式有以下三种：1 TN 系统电源端有一点直接接地，受电设备的外露可导电部分通过保护线与接地点连接。
按照中性线与保护线组合情况，又可分为三种型式：1）TN-S 系统：整个系统的中性线(N)与保护线(PE)是分开的，见附录C.1图C.1-1。
2）TN-C 系统：整个系统的中性线(N)与保护线(PE)是合一的，见附录C.1图C.1-2。
3）TN-C-S 系统：系统中前一部分线路的中性线与保护线是合一的，见附录C.1 图C.1-3。
2 TT 系统电源端有一点直接接地，受电设备的外露可导电部分通过保护线接至与电源端接地点无直接关联的接地极，见附录C.1图C.1-4。
3 IT 系统电源端的带电部分与大地间无直接连接或有一点经足够大的阻抗接地，受电设备的外露可导电部分通过保护线接至接地极，见附录C.1图C.1-5。
前言根据建设部建标[2002]84号文的要求，规范编制组在广泛调查研究，认真总结实践经验，参考有关国际标准，并广泛征求意见基础上，对《民用建筑电气设计规范》JGJ/T16-92进行了修订。
随着科学技术的发展并结合民用建筑电气设计所涉及的主要技术内容和特点，修订后的本规范在技术内容上做了相应的调整。
取消了室外架空线路、电力设备防雷和声、像节目制作三章，增加了安全技术防范、综合布线、电磁兼容、电子信息设备机房和住宅（小区）电气设计五章，对其他各章所涉及的主要技术内容也进行了补充、完善和必要的修改。
本规范由建设部建筑设计标准技术归口单位中国建筑标准设计研究所归口管理，授权由主编单位负责具体解释。
本规范主编单位：中国建筑东北设计研究院（地址：沈阳市和平区光荣街65号，邮政编码：110003）本规范参编单位：中国建筑标准设计研究所中国建筑设计研究院北京市建筑设计研究院上海现代设计集团天津市建筑设计研究院中国建筑西南设计研究院中国建筑西北设计研究院中南建筑设计研究院哈尔滨工业大学广东省建筑设计研究院福建省建筑设计研究院施耐德电气（中国）投资有限公司ABB（中国）投资有限公司广东伟雄集团浙江湖州久立耐火电缆有限公司本规范主要起草人：主编：王金元副主编：洪元颐、温伯银编委：王可崇、王东林、尹秀伟、孙兰、成彦、刘迪先、李雪佩、李炳华李朝栋、汪猛、杨德才、陈汉民、陈建飚、陈众励、施沪生、张文才目 录1 总则.........................................................................................................................................................10 2 术语.........................................................................................................................................................11 3 供配电系统. (15)3.1 一般规定 (15)3.2 负荷分级及供电要求 (15)3.3 电源及10、35kV 供电系统 (18)3.4 电压选择和电能质量 (20)3.5 负荷计算 (21)3.6 无功补偿...........................................................................................................................................23 4 配变电所. (25)4.1 一般规定...........................................................................................................................................25 4.2 所址选择. (25)4.3 配电变压器选择 (26)4.4 主结线及电器选择...........................................................................................................................27 4.5 配变电所型式和布置.. (29)4.6 10kV 及35kV 配电装置 (31)4.7 低压配电装置...................................................................................................................................34 4.8 电力电容器装置...............................................................................................................................35 4.9 对有关专业的要求...........................................................................................................................36 5 继电保护及电气测量..............................................................................................................................38 5.1 一般规定.........................................................................................................................................38 5.2 继电保护.. (38)5.3 电气测量 (44)5.4 二次回路 (47)5.5 控制方式、所用电源及操作电源.................................................................................................50 6 自备应急电源 (52)6.1 自备应急低压柴油发电机组 (52)6.2 自备应急高压柴油发电机组 (60)6.3 自备燃气轮发电机组 (60)6.4 不间断电源·····································································································································61 w w w .w w w .51z b z .c o7.2 低压配电系统 (63)7.3 特低电压（ELV ）配电...................................................................................................................65 7.4 导体选择.. (66)7.5 低压电器的选择 (73)7.6 低压配电线路的保护.....................................................................................................................75 8 配电线路布线系统. (82)8.1 一般规定 (82)8.2 瓷（塑料）线夹、鼓形绝缘子和针式绝缘子布线 (82)8.3 直敷布线 (84)8.4 金属导管布线 (84)8.5 可挠金属电线保护套管布线 (85)8.6 金属线槽布线 (86)8.7 刚性塑料导管（槽）布线.............................................................................................................87 8.8 地面内暗装金属线槽布线. (88)8.9 电力电缆布线 (89)8.10 预制分支电缆布线.......................................................................................................................94 8.11 矿物绝缘（MI ）电缆布线.. (94)8.12 电缆桥架（梯架、托盘）布线 (95)8.13 封闭式母线布线...........................................................................................................................97 8.14 电气竖井内布线...........................................................................................................................97 9 常用设备电气装置..................................................................................................................................99 9.1 一般规定.........................................................................................................................................99 9.2 电动机............................................................................................................................................99 9.3 传动运输系统. (105)9.4 电梯、自动扶梯和自动人行道 (107)9.5 自动门和电动卷帘门 (109)9.6 舞台用电设备 (110)9.7 医用放射线设备 (113)9.8 体育馆（场）设备·······················································································································116 10 电气照明··············································································································································118 10.1 一般规定·····································································································································118 10.2 照明质量·····································································································································118 w w w .w w w .51z b z .c o10.5 照度水平.....................................................................................................................................122 10.6 绿色照明与节能.........................................................................................................................124 10.7 照明供电.....................................................................................................................................124 10.8 各类公共建筑照明设计要求.....................................................................................................126 10.9 建筑景观照明.............................................................................................................................132 11 民用建筑物防雷..................................................................................................................................139 11.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................139 11.2 建筑物的防雷分类.....................................................................................................................139 11.3 第二类防雷建筑物的防雷措施.................................................................................................140 11.4 第三类防雷建筑物的防雷措施.................................................................................................143 11.5 其他防雷保护措施.....................................................................................................................145 11.6 接闪器.........................................................................................................................................146 11.7 引下线.........................................................................................................................................148 11.8 接地装置.....................................................................................................................................149 11.9 防雷击电磁脉冲.........................................................................................................................150 12 接地及安全..........................................................................................................................................155 12.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................155 12.2 低压配电系统的接地型式和基本要求.....................................................................................155 12.3 低压配电系统的防触电保护.....................................................................................................157 12.4 保护接地范围.............................................................................................................................160 12.5 接地要求和接地电阻.................................................................................................................161 12.6 接地装置.....................................................................................................................................163 12.7 通用电力设备及电气设施接地.................................................................................................166 12.8 特殊装置或场所的安全保护.. (172)13 火灾自动报警与联动控制 (182)3.1 一般规定······································································································································182 13.2 系统保护对象分级与保护范围的确定····················································································182 13.3 系统设计····································································································································184 13.4 消防联动控制····························································································································186 13.5 火灾探测器的选择与设置········································································································190 13.6 火灾应急广播····························································································································195 13.7 消防专用电话····························································································································196 w w w .w w w .51z b z .c o13.10 导体选择及敷设......................................................................................................................203 13.11 消防值班室与消防控制室......................................................................................................205 13.12 接地..........................................................................................................................................206 14 安全技术防范......................................................................................................................................207 14.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................207 14.2 入侵报警系统.............................................................................................................................208 14.3 视频监控系统.............................................................................................................................211 14.4 出入口控制系统.........................................................................................................................216 14.5 巡更管理系统.............................................................................................................................217 14.6 停车场管理系统.........................................................................................................................217 14.7 管线敷设.....................................................................................................................................218 14.8 系统控制中心（机房）.............................................................................................................219 15 有线电视和卫星电视..........................................................................................................................221 15.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................221 15.2 有线电视系统设计原则.............................................................................................................221 15.3 接收天线.....................................................................................................................................225 15.4 前端..............................................................................................................................................22 15.5 传输与分配网络.........................................................................................................................227 15.6 卫星电视接收系统、站址的选择.............................................................................................232 15.7 线路敷设.....................................................................................................................................234 15.8 供电、防雷与接地.....................................................................................................................235 16 广播、扩声与会议系统......................................................................................................................237 16.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................237 16.2 广播网络. (237)16.3 扩声网络·····································································································································239 16.4 会议系统·····································································································································242 16.5 设备的选择·································································································································243 16.6 设备的布置·································································································································245 16.7 线路敷设·····································································································································247 16.8 控制室········································································································································248 16.9 电源与接地·································································································································249 17 呼应信号及信息显示··························································································································251 w w w .w w w .51z b z .c o17.2 呼应信号的系统组成及设计原则.............................................................................................251 17.3 信息显示装置设计原则.............................................................................................................252 17.4 信息显示装置的控制.................................................................................................................253 17.5 设备选择、线路敷设及机房.....................................................................................................253 17.6 供电、防雷及接地.....................................................................................................................254 17.7 时钟系统.....................................................................................................................................254 18 建筑设备监控系统..............................................................................................................................256 18.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................256 18.2 建筑设备监控系统及构成.........................................................................................................256 18.3 建筑设备监控系统的设计.........................................................................................................262 18.4 制冷系统的监控.........................................................................................................................264 18.5 热交换系统的监控.....................................................................................................................266 18.6 新风机组的监控.........................................................................................................................267 18.7 定风量空调机组的监控.............................................................................................................268 18.8 变风量空调机组的监控.............................................................................................................269 18.9 给、排水系统的监控.................................................................................................................270 18.10 室内照明系统的监控...............................................................................................................271 18.11 室外泛光照明及庭院照明的监控...........................................................................................271 18.12 柴油发电机组的监控...............................................................................................................272 18.13 供配电系统的监控...................................................................................................................272 18.14 电梯运行监控...........................................................................................................................273 18.15 管理中心机房设计...................................................................................................................274 19 计算机网络系统..................................................................................................................................277 19.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................277 19.2 设计要素. (277)19.3 网络结构与传输介质的选择·····································································································279 19.4 网络连接部件的配置·················································································································280 19.5 系统软件与网络安全·················································································································281 19.6 广域网连接·································································································································282 19.7 办公建筑·····································································································································284 19.8 公共建筑·····································································································································284 19.9 酒店建筑·····································································································································285 19.10 园区网·······································································································································285 w w w .w w w .51z b z .c o。
民用建筑电气设计规范 The following text is amended on 12 November 2020.民用建筑电气设计规范中华人民共和国行业标准民用建筑电气设计规范Code for Electrical Design of Civil BuildingsJGJ 16-2008主编单位：中国建筑东北设计研究院批准部门：中华人民共和国建设部施行日期：2008年8月1日1 住宅（小区）电气设计一般规定本章适用于城镇普通及康居住宅的电气设计，住宅电气设计除应符合本规范外，尚应符合国家现行的有关强制性标准的规定。
普通住宅套型按居住空间个数和使用面积分为一、二、三、四类。
康居住宅分为：基本型（1A）、提高型（2A）、先进型（3A）。
住宅电气设计应与国家同期经济发展水平相适应。
住宅电气设计一般包括：供配电系统；电力、照明系统；火灾自动报警及联动控制系统；安全防范系统；通信网络系统；信息网络系统；建筑设备监控与管理系统；家庭智能控制器；线路敷设及防雷、接地等。
负荷等级住宅楼的负荷等级应遵守本规范第3 章表常用用电负荷分级表的规定，消防电梯、应急照明等消防用电设备的负荷等级应符合消防电源的供电要求。
建筑装修标准高和设有空调系统的高级住宅、19 层及以上普通住宅的消防供电系统应按一级负荷要求设计。
10层至18层的普通住宅的消防供电系统应按二级负荷要求设计。
供配电系统供配电系统设计应符合下列要求：1 住宅小区的10kV供电系统宜采用环网方式。
2 住宅小区的220/380V配电系统，宜采用放射式、树干式、或是二者相结合的方式。
3 住宅小区供电系统宜留有发展的备用回路。
4 住宅小区内重要的集中负荷宜由变电所设专线供电。
5 住宅供电系统的设计，应采用TT、TN-S、TN-C-S接地方式，并进行总等电位联结。
6 每幢住宅的总电源进线断路器，应能同时断开相线和中性线，应具有剩余电流动作保护功能。
剩余电流动作值的选择应符合下列要求：1）当住宅的电源总进线断路器整定值不大于250A 时，断路器的剩余电流动作值宜为300mA。
民用建筑电气设计规范JGJ16-2008布线要
求
根据民用建筑电气设计规范JGJ16-2008，刚性塑料导管也就是PVC线管的布线要求如下：PVC线管适用于室内和有腐蚀性劣质的场所，不适用于高温个容易受机械损伤的场所，也就是适用于家装；暗埋在墙里或者是混凝土里的刚性塑料导管应选用中型导管；三根及以上绝缘电线穿于同一根导管时，其总的截面积不应超过导管内截面积的40%；不同回路得线路不应穿于同一根刚性塑料导管内；电线在塑料导管内不得有接头，分支接头应在分线盒内进行；刚性塑料导管暗敷或者是埋地敷设时，引出地面的高度不应低于300mm，有防止损伤的措施；刚性塑料导管当管路较长或者是转弯较多时，宜适当增加拉线盒或加大管径；对无弯的管路不超过30米；两个拉线点之间有一个弯时，不超过20米；两个拉线点之间有两个弯时，不超过15米；两个拉线点之间有三个弯时，不超过8米；刚性塑料导管在穿过建筑物变形缝时，应装设补偿装置；塑料线导管布线，在线路连接、转角、分支及终端处应采用相应的附件。
建筑电气, 电气设计。
科技与创新┃Science and Technology & Innovation ·24·文章编号：2095－6835（2015）08－0024－02对《民用建筑电气设计规范》（JGJ 16—2008）应急照明条文的理解张忠强（重庆惠庭都市建筑设计事务所，重庆 401122）摘 要：《民用建筑电气设计规范》（JGJ 16—2008）是在规范（JGJ/T 16—92）基础上修编的，其施行后，为电气设计人员进行民用建筑电气设计提供了新的设计依据。
但是，在具体施行的过程中，还存在一些不足。
结合多年从事电气设计、图审工作的经历，对备用照明、疏散照明供电方式、应急照明设置和应急照明电源设定等应急照明条文提出了几点意见，以供规范（JGJ 16—2008）编者参考。
关键词：《民用建筑电气设计规范》；应急照明；备用照明；供电方式中图分类号：TU855 文献标识码：A DOI：10.15913/ki.kjycx.2015.08.024《民用建筑电气设计规范》（JGJ 16—2008）是电气设计人员设计民用建筑的重要依据之一，但是，在使用过程中，笔者认为应在应急照明方面，比较规范（JGJ 16—2008）与规范（JGJ/T 16—92），其中的一些条文还是值得商榷的。
1 两规范的异同1.1 备用照明供电方式在规范（JGJ/T 16—92）中提出：备用照明应由2路电源或2回线路供电。
在供电时，使用的是2路高压电源，用于供给备用照明的线路应该接在不同的变压器上。
当有备用的自行发电机组时，照明线路的电源应该接在专用的回路上，还有1路可以接在日常的照明电路上。
在某些特殊场所里，应设置具有储电功能的蓄电池，以备应急用，也可作为发电机组尚未运行前的电源使用。
当采用2路低压供电时，备用照明的供电应从2段低压配电干线分别接引。
1.2 疏散照明供电方式规范（JGJ/T 16—92）中提出：当用蓄电池等储存电能的电源作为疏散照明时，日常的供电电源可接在本区域电盘的专用回路上，也可以接在紧急专用配电盘上。
