proposal_guidelines

项目申报指南建议书英文回答：Proposal Guidelines Recommendation Letter.The purpose of this letter is to provide recommendations for the development of proposal guidelines for a specific project. These guidelines will serve as a framework for potential applicants to prepare and submit proposals that meet the project's objectives and requirements.Key Considerations:Project Scope and Objectives: Clearly define the project's scope, goals, and desired outcomes. This will help ensure that proposals are aligned with the project's overall vision and objectives.Proposal Format and Structure: Establish specificguidelines for the format and structure of proposals, including sections such as executive summary, project description, methodology, budget, and timeline.Evaluation Criteria: Outline the criteria that will be used to evaluate proposals, such as project merit, feasibility, impact, and budget.Submission Process and Deadline: Specify the process and deadline for submitting proposals, including information on the submission platform and any required supporting documentation.Review Panel and Selection Process: Describe the composition of the review panel, their qualifications, and the process for selecting successful proposals.Additional Considerations:Clarity and Consistency: Ensure that the guidelines are clear and easy to understand, and that they provide consistent direction to all applicants.Transparency and Fairness: Establish a fair and transparent evaluation process that allows all eligible applicants an equal opportunity to be considered.Innovation and Flexibility: Encourage innovation and flexibility in project proposals, while still ensuring that they meet the project's core objectives.Stakeholder Engagement: Engage with potential stakeholders to gather input and ensure that the guidelines reflect their needs and interests.Benefits of Comprehensive Guidelines:Streamlines the proposal submission process for applicants.Ensures that proposals are prepared and presented in a consistent manner.Facilitates the evaluation process by providing clearcriteria.Increases the likelihood of selecting proposals that best meet the project's objectives.中文回答：项目申报指南建议书。

英语作文proposal计划书要不要格式全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: Should English Essay Proposals Follow a Formal Format?Introduction:Essay proposals are an important part of the writing process. They serve as a roadmap for the writer, outlining the main points and structure of the essay. However, the question of whether essay proposals should follow a formal format or not is a topic of debate among students and educators. Some argue that a formal format is necessary for clarity and organization, while others believe that creativity and flexibility should take precedence. In this essay, we will explore both sides of the argument and come to a conclusion on whether or not English essay proposals should follow a formal format.Arguments in favor of a formal format:1. Clarity and organization:One of the main arguments in favor of a formal format for essay proposals is that it provides clarity and organization for the writer. By following a specific format, such as introducing the topic, outlining the main points, and stating the thesis, the writer can ensure that their ideas are presented in a logical and coherent manner. This can help to make the writing process more efficient and effective.2. Academic standards:Many educators believe that following a formal format for essay proposals is important in order to meet academic standards. Writing in a structured and organized manner demonstrates that the writer has a clear understanding of the topic and can communicate their ideas effectively. It also shows respect for the academic conventions of essay writing, which can be important in a professional or academic setting.3. Feedback and revision:Following a formal format for essay proposals can also make it easier for peers or instructors to provide feedback and suggestions for revision. A clearly structured proposal allows the reader to easily identify the main points and arguments, making it easier to offer constructive criticism. This feedback can be invaluable in improving the quality of the final essay.Arguments against a formal format:1. Creativity and flexibility:One of the main arguments against a formal format for essay proposals is that it can stifle creativity and limit the writer's ability to explore new ideas. Some students and educators believe that a more flexible approach, where writers are free to experiment with different structures and formats, can lead to more innovative and engaging essays. In some cases, a rigid format can feel constraining and artificial.2. Personal style:Another argument against a formal format is that it can force writers to conform to a set of rules and guidelines that may not suit their personal style or voice. Every writer has their own unique approach to writing, and some may find that a more informal or creative format better reflects their ideas and personality. Forcing writers to adhere to a specific format can inhibit their ability to express themselves authentically.Conclusion:In conclusion, the question of whether English essay proposals should follow a formal format is a complex issue with valid arguments on both sides. While a formal format canprovide clarity, organization, and adherence to academic standards, it can also stifle creativity and limit personal expression. Ultimately, the decision of whether or not to follow a formal format should be based on the preferences of the writer and the requirements of the assignment. A balance between structure and flexibility may be the key to creating successful essay proposals that effectively communicate the writer's ideas.篇2Title: Should English Essays/Proposals Follow a Specific Format?Introduction:When it comes to writing English essays or proposals, there is often a debate over whether or not they should adhere to a specific format. Some argue that a set structure is necessary for clarity and organization, while others believe that creativity and expression should not be constrained by rigid guidelines. In this essay, we will explore both sides of the argument and ultimately determine whether or not English essays and proposals should follow a specific format.Arguments in Favor of Format:One of the main reasons why some believe that English essays and proposals should follow a specific format is for the sake of clarity. By having a clear introduction, body, and conclusion, readers are able to easily follow the writer's thoughts and arguments. Additionally, a structured format can help writers stay focused and ensure that they address all necessary points in a logical order. This can be especially important when writing proposals, as it is essential to clearly present ideas and arguments to persuade the reader.Another argument in favor of format is that it can help writers save time and effort. With a clear framework in place, writers can easily organize their ideas and thoughts without getting lost or going off on tangents. This can be particularly useful when working on tight deadlines or when writing complex proposals that require a lot of information to be presented in a concise manner.Arguments Against Format:On the other hand, some argue that English essays and proposals should not be bound by a specific format in order to allow for more creativity and expression. By allowing writers to experiment with different structures and styles, essays can become more engaging and unique. This can help writers standout and capture the reader's attention in a crowded field of submissions.Furthermore, rigid formats can sometimes be limiting and prevent writers from fully exploring their ideas. Writing is a creative process, and sometimes the best ideas come out of a free-flowing, unstructured approach. By imposing a specific format, writers may feel restricted and unable to fully express themselves. This can be especially true for proposals, where creativity and innovation are often valued.Conclusion:In conclusion, while there are valid arguments for both sides of the debate, it ultimately comes down to personal preference and the specific requirements of the assignment. For certain types of writing, such as academic essays or formal proposals, following a specific format may be necessary for clarity and organization. However, for more creative forms of writing, such as personal essays or opinion pieces, allowing for flexibility and experimentation with structure can lead to more engaging and unique pieces. Ultimately, the key is to find the right balance between structure and creativity in order to produce high-quality English essays and proposals.篇3Should English Writing Proposals and Plans have Formats?IntroductionIn the world of business and academia, proposals and plans are essential tools for presenting ideas, projects, and strategies. These documents serve as roadmaps for achieving goals and objectives and are used to persuade decision-makers to support and fund initiatives. While some argue that having a specific format for proposals and plans is necessary for clarity and organization, others believe that creativity and flexibility should be prioritized. In this essay, we will explore the pros and cons of having a set format for English writing proposals and plans.Advantages of Having a Format1. Clarity and Organization: A standardized format for proposals and plans helps to ensure that important information is presented in a clear and organized manner. This makes it easier for readers to understand the content and follow the flow of ideas.2. Professionalism: Following a specific format demonstrates professionalism and attention to detail. It also helps to establishcredibility and trust with the audience, whether they are potential investors, clients, or colleagues.3. Efficiency: Having a template to follow can save time and effort when drafting proposals and plans. Writers can focus on developing the content of their ideas without having to worry about structuring the document from scratch.Disadvantages of Having a Format1. Lack of Creativity: A rigid format may stifle creativity and originality in proposals and plans. Writers may feel constrained by the rules and restrictions of the template, leading to cookie-cutter documents that fail to stand out.2. Inflexibility: Not all projects or ideas fit neatly into a predefined format. Some proposals and plans may require a more customized approach to effectively communicate their unique objectives and strategies.3. Overemphasis on Form over Content: Focusing too much on formatting requirements may detract from the quality of the content in proposals and plans. Writers may prioritize meeting formatting guidelines over developing compelling arguments and supporting evidence.ConclusionIn conclusion, while having a format for English writing proposals and plans can offer benefits such as clarity, organization, and professionalism, it is important to strike a balance between structure and flexibility. Writers should be encouraged to use templates as a guide rather than a strict rulebook, allowing for creativity and individuality to shine through in their documents. Ultimately, the goal of a proposal or plan is to persuade and inspire action, and the format should serve that purpose rather than hinder it.。

RESEARCH PROPOSAL GUIDELINESA research proposal is a required document as part of an application for admission to a postgraduate research degree at the University of Sydney. It is necessary to prepare a proposal that clearly summarises your proposed research project.The proposal should be prepared by you and reviewed by your supervisor(s) before submission with your application for admission. If you are admitted, this initial research proposal will be used as a basis for preparation of your final research program in your first year of candidature.Below are the guidelines to help you prepare your initial research proposal for admission. Requirements of faculties may vary so please contact your supervisor(s) or the relevant Postgraduate Research Coordinator for more information.CONTENT DESCRIPTIONMINIMUM – MAXIMIMLENGTHUp to 2000 words.PROJECT TITLE Working title for the project.SUPERVISOR NAME(S) Names of supervisor(s).PROPOSED MODE OF RESEARCH Describe your mode of research. For example, creative work, laboratory/field research, clinical investigations, archive/library study.AIMS AND OBJECTIVES What are the overall aims of the work? What objectives are necessary tomeet the aims?SYNOPSIS Briefly describe the key aspects of what you will be investigating. BACKGROUND Brief review of literature in the area of interest. Describe what research lays thegroundwork for your topic.EXPECTED RESEARCH CONTRIBUTION Why is the topic/creative work important? Describe how the research may be novel and its impact on the discipline.THE PROPOSED METHODOLOGY Approach or methodology to be used in the research, the materials/equipment you intend to use, your space/laboratory/studio requirements.WORK PLAN An initial plan for completion with annual milestones (eg. over 3 years). RESOURCES Provide details of major resources required for you to carry out yourresearch project. What significant resources are required for the successof your proposed project? (eg. travel, equipment).REFERENCES A short bibliography of the cited literature.。

英语proposal格式及范文Proposal Format and Sample.Format:A proposal typically follows a structured format to ensure clarity and professionalism. Here's a generaloutline of the proposal format:1. Cover Page: This includes the title of the proposal, your name, contact information, and the date. It also provides a brief overview of the proposal's purpose.2. Table of Contents: Lists the main sections of the proposal and their corresponding page numbers.3. Introduction: Introduces the topic or project, explains its importance, and provides a brief overview of the proposal's contents.4. Background: Details the current situation or context of the project, highlighting any relevant issues or challenges.5. Objective: States the specific goal or purpose of the project.6. Scope: Defines the boundaries of the project, specifying what is included and what is not.7. Methodology: Describes the approach or methods to be used to achieve the project's objectives.8. Timeline: Outlines the key milestones and estimated timeframes for project completion.9. Resources: Lists the required resources, including personnel, equipment, and any additional support.10. Budget: Details the estimated costs and potential funding sources.11. Risk Management: Identifies potential risks and proposes strategies to mitigate them.12. Conclusion: Summarizes the proposal's main points and reiterates the project's objectives and benefits.13. Appendices: Includes any additional documents or materials that support the proposal.Sample Proposal:[Cover Page]Title: Proposal for the Establishment of a Green Energy Initiative.Your Name: John Doe.Contact Information: [Your Contact Details]Date: [Proposal Submission Date][Table of Contents]1. Introduction.2. Background.3. Objective.4. Scope.5. Methodology.6. Timeline.7. Resources.8. Budget.9. Risk Management.10. Conclusion.[Introduction]With the increasing global focus on sustainable development, the adoption of green energy sources has become crucial. This proposal aims to establish a green energy initiative in our organization, aiming to reduce carbon emissions and promote environmentally friendly practices.[Background]In recent years, the need for sustainable energy solutions has become urgent. The adverse effects of climate change and the depletion of fossil fuels have highlighted the need for alternative energy sources. Green energy not only reduces carbon emissions but also provides long-term economic and environmental benefits.[Objective]The primary objective of this initiative is to reduce our organization's carbon emissions by 30% within the nextfive years. Additionally, we aim to raise awareness about green energy and encourage its adoption among employees and stakeholders.[Scope]The scope of this initiative includes the installation of solar panels, energy-efficient appliances, and the development of a green energy awareness program. It excludes the installation of wind turbines andhydroelectric plants due to their high upfront costs and logistical challenges.[Methodology]To achieve the objective, we propose the following approach:1. Conduct a feasibility study to assess the potential of solar energy in our area.2. Identify and partner with reliable suppliers forsolar panels and energy-efficient appliances.3. Develop an implementation plan, including a timeline and budget.4. Launch the green energy awareness program to educate employees and stakeholders about the benefits of green energy.[Timeline]Month 1: Complete feasibility study.Month 2-3: Identify and partner with suppliers.Month 4: Develop implementation plan.Month 5-12: Execute implementation plan.Month 13: Evaluate results and make necessary adjustments.[Resources]Personnel: Project Manager, Technical Team, Marketing Team.Equipment: Solar panels, energy-efficient appliances.Additional Support: Consulting services forfeasibility study.[Budget]Feasibility Study: $10,000。

SLST-T101Fall 2011Second Language Academic Literacy Development 3Topic ProposalFor this assignment, you will be writing a topic proposal as the first part of your sequenced writing project. Here are the guidelines you should follow:I.Write down one question from your list that you think will lead to the best topic. Makesure it is sufficiently narrowed and you have a thesis statement. If you think yourquestion and/or thesis statement are not clear, review the handout on “Choosing AResearch Topic”found on Oncourse.II.Begin writing your proposal, trying to answer as many of the questions below as you can.a.Reasons for choosing your topici.why it is importantii.who it is important foriii.why you yourself are interested in the topic1.Is it because of your personal experience2.Is it because of reading you have done3.Is it because of a film or video you have seen4.Is it because of a lecture you have heardb.What do you already know about the topic? Write down some facts that youknow about it.c.What else would you like to know about the topic? (Think of when, where, how,who, how much, and other such questions to guide you.An excellent topic proposal will:• have a clear, sufficiently narrowed question• have a clear thesis statement• be clearly related to the e nvironment or climate crisis• be in your own words• clearly express why this topic is important and why you chose it• have clear sentence structure• be typed and double spaced using 12 pt font*have a header at the top, left-hand corner with your name, class,section, date and assignment name• be between 1-2 pgs long (stapled if more than 1 page)TechnicalitiesYour topic proposal is due: Tuesday, September 13thPoints: 10 points。

BSM 577 Research MethodsResearch Proposal – Assessment GuidelinesThis document provides guidelines for the content, structure and presentation of the research proposal. The document is divided into three sections:1.The purpose and benefits of preparing the research proposal;2.The content and structure of the research proposal;3.Presentation and style.1.The purpose and benefits of preparing the research proposalThe research proposal is the starting point for the Masters dissertation and it discusses the essential features (e.g. aims and objectives, rationale, previous research, methodology, resources, time plan) of a research study that will be conducted in the future (this will be an actual project if you are planning to proceed to the MSc stage or a hypothetical one if you are not).There are three key purposes behind a research proposal:to present the research problem / issue;to relate the proposed research to other “key” research in thefield;to present a clear rationale and plan (e.g. researchmethodology, necessary resources) for the proposed research.A good research proposal will include descriptions of:what will be done (i.e. the research problem or specific area forinvestigation/exploration, aims, objectives)why it will be done (rationale and justification criticallydiscussing previous research)how it will be done (data collection and analysis methods)where it will be done (locations, organisations etc)to whom it will be done (research subjects, populations,samples)what the benefits of doing it arewhat resources are required (facilities, time, travel, costs)ethical issues related to the proposed researchthe time plan for completion of the different stages of theresearchWell-prepared proposals can be seen as ‘road maps’, indicating clearly the location from which a journey begins, the destination to be reached and the route to get there. As with a map, the proposal should also identify any potential1obstacles and ways to get round or through them (and contain contingency plans for dealing with a disaster!). It has been said that the test of a good proposal is that it is so clear and detailed that another researcher who has not seen it before should be able to pick it up and do the research without too much questioning. Having a clear framework like this also allows for minor adjustments as the research proceeds, without running the risk of losing the overall sense of direction and cohesion. The proposal becomes a working document which can be reviewed to monitor progress, can be refined as more knowledge is gained, can be adjusted to take account of problems as they arise, and finally can form the basis for the final research report or dissertation. Having considered the purpose and general nature of research proposals, we will now take a closer look at the content and structure of the research proposal you are required to produce for this module. The components are listed in broadly the order they would appear in the proposal.2.The content and structure of the research proposalOn submission the Research Proposal should be 4000 words in length (+/-400 words) and should include the following features: -1.The Provisional Title of your work – representing the research as itstands (although it might not be the title of any completed dissertation in the future).2.Table of Contents – This should include numbered headings and pagenumbers. The headings and subheadings should be numbered with a decimal numerical form (e.g. 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 / 3.2.1, 3.2.2). The table of contents should also include figures and tables (where appropriate).3.Abstract – a short synopsis of the proposal (300-400 words). An abstractshould be considered as a brief summary of the Research Proposal document. In business, it is known as an ‘executive summary’ and it allows the reader to grasp the salient points of your research proposal quickly (e.g. briefly summarise the purpose of the research, the rationale and the methods). The abstract should not include any quotations or references.4.Introduction to the Research Problem – introducing the researchproblem within its context. This is usually a short section acting almost like an introduction to the whole proposal, outlining the general subject area, the background of the research and specific aspects of the topic to be investigated (e.g. what will be examined). In this section you should also explain briefly your rationale (argument) for conducting the proposed research: why it is important to research this topic? This could be supported by selective evidence of key literature. You will discuss your rationale and the literature in more detail in the literature review section.5.Aims and objectives – the aim will express the overall intention of theresearch while the objectives will express the various elements of2investigation necessary to achieve this aim. The aims and objectives for the research are an outline of exactly what you intend to examine. This is normally one or two general, overall aims, and with the objectives being the more detailed steps required in order to answer your question or solve your problem. The vital point about this section is that your objectives should be specific, measurable and achievable. Returning to the road map allegory, how will you know when you’ve got there if you don’t know where you’re going? It is standard to ensure that your aims and objectives stand out clearly in your Research Proposal, and are easily identified and located.6.Literature review and rationale – explaining the rationale (reasons,argument) for undertaking the research by relating it to relevant theory, practice and research already existing in the field. This section should be supported by a preliminary survey of the relevant literature which should critically discuss the key research studies in this area that have helped shape the underlying ideas for the proposed research and provide justification for the significance of the research problem.How important is the problem? What are the benefits of doing the study?Who will find it useful? What is already known by previous research? What gaps exist in our understanding of the research issue on the basis of existing research? How will the proposed research address these gaps?You are presenting a justification for doing the research. Thus it is essential to critically evaluate previous research and relevant theory, rather than just describe it. For example, you may be arguing that there isa significant gap in knowledge, or that this is a new issue for practitionerswhere there is little known, or that previous research is out of date.Furthermore, previous research may have been undertaken on a limited scale and you feel it would merit a wider focus; or the results from previous research may suggest a new or better approach which would yield more applicable results; there may be previous research but you feel it would be useful to examine the issue in a different/new/more up-to-date context.Your argument should be based on the relevant literature which you will incorporate in this section outlining relevant research, theory and practice already existing in the field, reviewed critically, identifying key ideas and sources and relating these to the proposed research. It is also a good practice, especially when there is a lot of theory developed in your area of interest, to indicate what specific approach/theory/framework you are proposing to use/test/apply as a basis for your research. In general, the literature review should relate to core recent (or historically significant) work (and you might need to set yourself a limit on how far back you are able to go – depending on resources, of course). It is not intended to be a detailed review of all relevant literature (save that for the Dissertation!), but should show that you are aware of what else is going on and can interpret it in relation to your own proposed research.37.Methodology – should outline the methodological steps necessary tofulfil the stated objectives. You should include a clear and detailed discussion of the research design and methods for sampling, data collection and analysis as appropriate. This section should also include your justification for the methods chosen, timescales, and show how the methods relate to the objectives. In fact you may find it useful to use your objectives as subheadings in the methodology section. You must include a theoretical discussion of the methodological approach you are proposing to use with references to the research methods theory but also show how you will conduct the research realistically and feasibly within the timescales, constraints and context of the research.For example if your chosen data collection method is a questionnaire, you should include information on the selection of research location and/or sample if appropriate (e.g. if your study involves a specific organisation/company you should include its name, your plans for contacting them and how you will seek permission). If you have already secured their permission and willingness to collaborate you should includea copy of any written statement/letter from them in an appendix. If it istoo early to know who will be involved you should indicate the kind of criteria you will use to select appropriate organisations or individuals and/or how you will construct your research sample if appropriate. You should include as much detail as possible on methods to be used to collect data. If you intend using a questionnaire for data collection, for example, you would need to include the following:what kinds of themes will be covered in the questionnaire andwhy?how many questionnaires will you distribute?to whom?how representative a sample will they be?how will you find these people?how will you clear access to them?what kind of response rate would you need?how will you get the questionnaires to them?how will they reply to you?when will you distribute the questionnaires?what sort of questions will you ask?do you intend to pilot the questionnaire?how do you intend analysing the results?what will you do if too few people reply?Your objectives and methods should also include consideration of the ways you will analyse and present your findings. Obviously, if you are using some kind of quantitative questionnaire, you will need to think about ‘coding’ your questions, so that they can be entered into a statistics package or spreadsheet. On the other hand, ff you are using interviews, you will have to think of the practicalities of coding interview transcripts thematically to enable you to analyse patterns emerging in the data. The point about this is that you need to think about how you will treat the data BEFORE you actually4devise your questionnaires or interviews, and you need to allow sufficient time for these stages in your plans. Although it is not necessary, you may wish to include a draft questionnaire in your proposal, usually in an appendix. However, it should be clearly marked as “draft at this stage – the final design and piloting of the instrument would take place as part of the research project itself. You will probably only have a very rough idea about your questionnaire or interview at the proposal stage.Methodology for Literature Searching -Although you will have conducted a preliminary review to support your rationale, a far deeper investigation into the literature will be required at the Masters level and, in some cases, may be the best or only way to carry out your research (especially if you are conducting a critical systematic review and analysis of earlier research as your main research). What search strategies (search terms, databases, journals) and inclusion/exclusion criteria are you going to use in order to identify relevant literature? Why have you chosen to focus on some studies, and why have you excluded others? For example you may have made the decision to include studies that have a focus on the U.K. only or research conducted after a certain date because currency of information is an important element in your review of the literature.8. Resource Requirements – this should identify and discuss essential and likely resource requirements, e.g. visits to organisations, equipment, access to computer facilities, any cost implications of surveys, travel to interview people, your own time, etc. If you intend to pursue the research, it is essential that permission from organisations likely to be involved in your research is granted at the proposal stage (although you may wish to contact them only when you have a clear idea of your plans for this research). This section should also outline your project schedule, the practical steps necessary to fulfil your given objectives. You should propose a realistic work schedule, identifying the stages and timescales of the research (e.g. for reviewing the literature, designing the data collection instruments, administering questionnaires/conducting interviews/focus groups, data analysis, writing up etc). You can present your action plan in the form of a Gantt chart or a table indicating start and finish dates of each component of your entire research process and be realistic in the timescale you are proposing.9. Ethical considerations – these should constitute a dedicated section where you demonstrate that you have considered/acknowledged potential ethical problems (e.g. anonymity, confidentiality, informed consent etc), discussing the specific steps you will follow to address them (please note that there are always ethical concerns in research but their level of significance may be different depending on the specific research project). In order to familiarise yourself with this aspect of the research process, you are encouraged to consult the university’s Research Ethics policy at:/files/Ethics_leaflet_version2.pdf. The proposal must be accompanied by a signed and completed Ethics Review form BSM 5775Research Methods (SPER form) which sets out any ethical considerations pertaining to the research.10. Conclusion - The Research Proposal should finish with a brief finalstatement summarising the above points and/or adding any extra relevant information and a reminder of the potential value in undertaking the research.11. References – It is essential that you cite the works which you have usedto prepare your proposal. You need to provide the full reference details of works from which you have quoted or to which you have referred within the proposal. In line with the School’s policy citations should adhere to the Harvard format but, in certain circumstances following guidance of the supervisor, an alternative system may be used. Guidelines on citation according to the Harvard style are available on the library webpage at:/library/howto/page.cfm?pge=2553112. Bibliography – The bibliography lists the full reference details for itemswhich you have read but to which you have not referred directly in your text.Therefore there will be no citation in your text. Such items would include background reading.13. Appendices - these may include any material which support theproposal (e.g. sample questionnaires, interview schedules, coding sheets, Gantt chart detailing stages and timescales). This is not included in the word count.3.Presentation, Structure, Citation and Writing StyleAny Research Proposal needs to be professionally presented. Professional presentation is part of convincing a reader and/or examiner that you have a professional approach to your work.You should use the font Verdana, point size 11 and your work should be one-and-a-half- or double-spaced. Use bold style or a larger font size for headings. Consider numbering your sections, as this makes it easier for the reader to keep track. There is normally no need to start each section on a new page (although references, bibliography and appendices should have their own pages). You should include page numbers in the table of contents and the main body of your work. Prelims (i.e. table of contents, abstract) should use Roman numerals (i, ii, iii, iv, etc.); the main body of the Proposal should use Arabic numerals (1,2,3,4, etc.) as explained earlier in this document. Headers and footers are a matter of personal preference – their presence is not mandatory.You should adopt a formal writing style and use the third person (e.g. you can refer to yourself as the ‘researcher’). Try to keep it clear without assuming that the reader has pre-existing knowledge and expertise in the subject (for example, always make sure you explain abbreviations in the first instance, offer appropriate definitions etc).6All of this is good preparation for the style and standard of presentation you will adopt at the writing up stage of the research.Assessment CriteriaYour submission will be assessed on the basis of the following marking schedule:Criteria and weighting 70%+60-69%50-59%40-49%35-39%<35%Introduction to the ResearchProblem/ Aims and Objectives(20%)Literature Review andRationale (30%)Research Methodology (30%)Resource Requirements andEthical considerations (10%)Presentation, Structure,Citation and Writing Style(10%)7。

IST659HuangProject Proposal GuidelinesIn the project proposal, you need to identify a datamanagement problem in an organization and propose a solution to solve the problem usingdatabase technology. To determine the desired solution you will need to analyze the currentsituation, gather user requirements, and specify the project scope and objectives. We suggest that you pick an application with which you will enjoy working, as you will be working with it for the entirety of the semester! Examples may include hobbies, material from another course, a research project, etc.Try to pick an application that is relatively substantial, but not too enormous or too simple. You are encouraged to use concepts that you learned from class as much at possible. Your design should include at least 4 entity sets and 4 relationship sets. Also, you are required to use different cardinality constraints. A design that is "too simple" will be penalized.You might need to interview or survey therelevant stakeholders (business owners, managers, users, etc.) to gather system requirements.Your deliverable for the project proposalis a report consisting of the following components.1.Business description (20pts)Describe the business based on the answers to the following questions. What industry doesthis organization reside? What products or services does it provide? What are its generalbusiness functions? Answering these questions will help you think further of what data need to be stored in the database and what data questions the users commonly ask.2.Problem statement (30 pts)Describe the data management problem based on the answers to the following questions. What data management problem are you trying to solve? What is the current solution? Why is the current solution not adequate? Justify the need for new data and databases in support of the business.3.Proposed solution (30 pts)Describe a potential solution to the data management problem. Describe the project scope by answering the following questions. What business functions will be considered in the proposed system? What functions are considered but not included? Why? Describe the primary business objectives of the proposed system.ers (20 pts)Who are the users of your database system? Do all of them have equal access to the data? What data questions do they need to answer by querying the database?Remember that your project proposal will be read by peers who may not be familiar with the business domain and the problem that you have chosen. So be careful using jargons and add explanations when necessary.。

Engineering Design - ED1 Proposal GuidelinesThis section provides a structural template for an engineering proposal. Note that a proposal includes both front matter (cover sheet, letter of transmittal, title page, summary/abstract, table of contents, list of figures, and list of tables) and the main body of the proposal. The first three parts of the main body (introduction, scope of work, and plan of implementation) demand the most writing effort.Note that each section of the proposal has a specific purpose. All team members should understand the purpose of each section and put material in the right section. Make sure that the readers can tell a section’s purpose from cues in the writing.The text itself should read like an argument with an easy-to-follow structure complete with transitions, a clearly stated point for each paragraph, and appropriate details supporting each point. Headings and subheadings are there only for the reader's quick visual orientation. The document should read smoothly and clearly with all the heads removed. Try to imagine writing the proposal without any headings whatsoever so that you are forced to include sufficient transitions. Then add the headings back in.All figures and tables must be clearly referenced in the text and explained in detail. Imagine each figure projected on a screen during an oral presentation. Typically you would talk your listeners through the figure using a pointer. The text of your proposal should do the same thing. Figures and tables are not self-explanatory. You must tell your readers what you want them to see or understand.The following template is based upon typical proposals in technical fields. The template describes a generic proposal; the peculiarities of an individual problem may require modifications. The important consideration is to keep your reader on track.Outline of Contents for the ProposalYour proposal should contain the following parts or sections:CoverLetter of TransmittalTitle PageSummary or AbstractTable of ContentsList of FiguresList of TablesI. INTRODUCTIONA. BackgroundB. Statement of the ProblemII. SCOPE OF WORKA. OverviewB. Literature ReviewC. Alternative SolutionsD. EvaluationE. DecisionIII. PLAN OF IMPLEMENTATIONA. ResearchB. DesignD. TestingE. DocumentationIV. REFERENCESV. FACILITIESCHARTVI. PERSONNEL/ORGANIZATIONVII. SCHEDULEVIII. BUDGETAppendicesExplanation of Each Section of the ProposalThis section explains the purpose and contents of each section of the proposal.CoverLetter of TransmittalThe proposal is introduced to the client through a “letter of transmittal”—a brief one-page business letter addressed to the liaison or course coordinator at the sponsoring company or institution. The letter explains that the requested proposal is attached. Summarize your proposal briefly and highlight what you see as its major selling points. This letter constitutes your reader’s first impression of your team—its professionalism, thoroughness, and writing ability. Make the letter graceful, respectful, and professionally cordial; use the letter to sell your design approach and your team’s abilities. The letter of transmittal is often the last part of the document you write, but save plenty of time to write a good one. Title PageThe title page for your proposal should contain the title of proposed project, followed by ‘A Proposal Submitted by’, your names and affiliations, and date, all of which should be centered in the page. Summary or AbstractA summary or abstract typically accompanies proposals that are reviewed at several levels in the sponsor organization. A busy executive may not have time to read the total proposal. A summary, therefore, is a brief condensation of the proposal identifying the project problem, describing the proposed solution, and indicating that the design approach meets all specifications and criteria.Table of Contents, List of Figures, List of TablesAny proposal of more than five pages should have a Table of Contents. The Table of Contents should include all the main headings in the proposal, showing page numbers. Teams should make sure that headings in the Table of Contents are worded exactly as they are worded in the proposal itself. Following the Table of Contents is a List of Figures and a List of Tables (the figures and tables themselves are embedded in the text). Include only necessary figures and tables that contribute to the reader’s rapid comprehension of material. Several figures common to most proposals would be an organization chart and a project schedule. Proposals that evaluate various alternative solutions would include a decision matrix.INTRODUCTIONThe Introduction is the first section in the main body of the paper. As such, it is headed with a First Level Heading (e.g., I. INTRODUCTION).At the very start of the Introduction, provide an overview of the whole proposal in one or two sentences. It is suggested to use the following boilerplate:This proposal responds to an RFP from [sponsoring company] [include date, if known, or title of RFP]. The [sponsoring company] seeks a solution to the [describe the problem to be addressed]. The [sponsoring company] requests [describe the main deliverables the sponsor expects.]The Introduction includes a Statement of the Problem along with necessary background information. Describing the problem to be solved is important in both solicited and unsolicited proposals, even though the writer knows that the recipients understand their own problem. In solicited proposals, the problem statement shows that the writer, too, understands the problem and has the readers’ concerns in mind when setting forth a solution. In unsolicited proposals the writer often needs to convince the reader that the problem exists. In some proposals the background information and statement of the problem have their own subheads. In other proposals, the background information is woven smoothly into the statement of the problem.BackgroundTo provide a context for the reader, the writer often needs to supply background information about the company and the history of the problem to be solved. Organizationally this section is headed with a Second Level Heading, e.g., A. Background (Continue to follow these style guidelines for the remainder of your proposal.)In the background section the conditions leading up to the problem are described, indicating why the problem is now being considered and why it is important to the company. If previous attempts at solution have been made, they are described along with their results and shortcomings. A brief review of the literature is sometimes given at this point. Often a better place to put literature review is in the Scope of Work section as an introduction to Alternative Solutions. What the writer needs to show is an understanding of the total context of the problem and an awareness of previous work in the area. Statement of the ProblemThe team spends a paragraph to several pages defining the problem, its significance, its ramifications, and its relation to larger problems or issues. In this section the team must also identify the specifications, criteria, and constraints described by the sponsor in the RFP. By the end of the introduction the reader knows what the problem is, why it is important to the sponsor, why it is problematic technically, and what specifications and criteria a suitable solution must meet.SCOPE OF WORKThis section summarizes what the project team actually proposes to do. Usually the Scope of Work involves several stages with different goals for each stage and ends in some kind of final product. This section differs from the Plan of Implementation in that the Plan of Implementation section focuses more on the “how we will do it” rather than “what will we do.”OverviewThe Overview section of the Scope of Work should summarize what the team will do for the project and specify deliverables. Often work will be divided into several stages such as a research stage, a design stage, a construction stage, and a final testing/calibration stage. These stages should be specified and described briefly in the Overview section to provide a clear statement of all the work to be done. You will need to work cooperatively with your faculty project advisor and sponsor liaison, who must approve your design plan.Literature ReviewTo keep from re-inventing the wheel and to be professionally aware of the state-of-the-art on any design question, effective engineers and computer scientists search and review the available literature before tackling a design problem. What has been published in the professional literature that has bearing on your design problem? In this section, briefly review the relevant literature by summarizing findings that may advance your project. An alternative approach is to work references to the literature into the body of your proposal where they are most relevant.Alternative SolutionsIn this section, you explain different approaches your team could take toward solving the client’s problem. Devote one subsection of “Alternative Solutions” to each possible design approach. First describe the approach. Then analyze its strengths and weaknesses in terms of technical and economic feasibility.In some cases, depending on the nature of the project and the needs and specifications of the sponsor, a detailed section on alternative solutions is not necessary. Of course, all designs require some consideration of alternative solutions, such as selection of types of materials. You will also need to leave yourself open to modifying your design if subsequent work reveals new problems or better solutions.This section presents numerous organizational difficulties that the writers need to solve. Typically your team would describe two or more alternative solutions and to compare and contrast their respective strengths and weaknesses. Good transitions, topic sentences, and mapping statements are crucial. Often the strengths and weaknesses of each approach are displayed in bulleted lists. Good technical writing demands that all listed items are grammatically parallel.EvaluationIn this section you describe the criteria you used to evaluate the design approaches and justify the weights you give to each. Discuss external constraints including economic, environmental, sustainability (e.g., long term availability of parts, equipment, or staff to continue the processes), manufacturability, ethical, health and safety, social, and political constraints. Often this section will refer to a decision-matrix figure that displays each of your criteria, assigns relative weights to them, and scores each alternative against each criterion in turn. This section talks your reader through the decision matrix.DecisionIn this section you show how the evaluation process identifies the strongest alternative solution. Your team’s decision governs the rest of your project because it determines the design approach you will pursue from here on out. Convincing your client that this approach is superior to alternatives is crucial to your proposal argument.PLAN OF IMPLEMENTATIONBecause this section explains how the work is to be accomplished, it is crucial for “selling” your proposal to a prospective client. The reader wants to know that the methods used will, in fact, produce the results promised. Because a project is often a single and non-repetitive enterprise, its achievement must be based on careful planning within a time limit and a cost budget. If the Scope of Work section explains what your team promises to do, the Plan of Implementation section convinces your reader that your team can in fact do it.A Plan of Implementation describes how you will accomplish your objectives in the face of problems that may be encountered on the way. Success depends largely on carrying out the constituent tasks in a sensible sequence and deploying resources to best advantage.In preparing a Plan of Implementation, the project team should break the project into as many definable tasks as possible. Planning is crucial because it will affect both the budget and schedule. Both are based largely on the estimated time to complete each of the tasks.When clients compare competing proposals with similar costs, they often choose the one offering the most comprehensive and convincing Plan of Implementation. For these reasons, the methods used to solve the problem or do the job are always given in detail. When the methods are unusually innovative, they are described step-by-step, with reasons for each step included in sufficient detail to convince the reader that they will work.In short, this section explains how you will accomplish the tasks described in the Scope of Work. How do you propose to divide up and sequence the work? Who will do what when?FACILITIESOften a section describing the facilities to be used follows and amplifies the Plan of Implementation. You can’t promise work in sterile conditions, for instance, if the proper laboratories are not available. Equipment to be used is frequently described in this section, although sometimes it is listed separately. Equipment might range from special computer capabilities to normal laboratory equipment, but it must clearly be capable of doing the job. In major proposals, one further reason for this section is that it explains what the client will be getting for the overhead charges, which often range from 50 to 100 percent above the cost of actually doing the work.PERSONNEL/ORGANIZATION CHARTThe people who will be doing the work, or at least the major discipline leaders, are shown in the Personnel section. A diagram is used in most cases to show the major groupings of tasks and the group leader for each group of tasks. The diagram shows both the organizational structure of the team and the relationship of the team to the sponsor organization, the sponsor liaison or project manager, and the faculty advisor. It is typical in this section to make brief comments about the special capabilities of each group leader and to amplify these comments in the appendix with a fully developed one or two-page resume of all persons shown in the organization chart.SCHEDULEThis section places all of the tasks which were developed through planning the project from beginning to end into a time flow diagram. This diagram can be as simple as a Gantt chart, or more complex in the form of a CPM (Critical Path Method) schedule or a PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) schedule. The time flow diagram shows the dates on which various deliverables, representing ongoing phases of the project, are submitted to the sponsor. A discussion of the project management techniques in ensuring that the deliverable schedule can be met should be included in this section. The items noted in the schedule should repeat exactly the items discussed in Scope of Work and Plan of Implementation.BUDGETThe section on the costs of the proposed project is crucial. In a well-written proposal, the reader should be convinced that the expense is justified. Sometimes costs are detailed in a section separate from the proposal so that they will not influence other deliberations; sometimes they are presented first on a special budget sheet. In any case, all costs should be itemized under headings such as salaries, capital equipment, expendable equipment, miscellany, and overhead. Often only estimates are possible, but they obviously should be made with the greatest care. In industry, at least, expensive cost overruns are rarely tolerated.REFERENCESThis section cites any material which was utilized in providing information for the proposal. It could include technical journals, texts, newspaper articles, or other such sources of material.AppendicesAs in all written documents, Appendices should contain supplemental material that cannot easily and concisely be placed in the body of the document. In the case of proposals, Appendices would include the original statement of work, sometimes called the request for proposal (RFP), resumes, and information on the team and previous work that the team or company has done in areas similar to those covered by the proposal.。