2020年高考英语外刊时事命题阅读理解：未来校园让技术像空气存在于校园

Don’t always believe what scientists and other authorities tell you!不要总是相信科学家们告诉你的事Don’t always believe what scientists and other authorities tell you! Be skeptical! Think critically! That’s what I tell my students. Early in my career, I was a conventional science writer, easily impressed by scientists’ claims. But doubt gradually weakened my faith. Scientists and journalists, I realized, by continuously boasting scientific “advances”—from theories of cosmic (宇宙的) creation and the origin of life to the latest treatments for depression and cancer, made science seem more powerful and fast-moving than it really is. Now, I urge my students to doubt the claims of some scientists. This isn’t science anymore; Ideclare in class, it’s only science fiction with equations! To drive this point home, I assign articles by John Ioannidis, an epidemiologist who has exposed the weakness of most peer-reviewed research. In a 2005 study, he concluded that “most published research findings are false.”So how do my students respond to my skeptical teaching? Some react with healthy pushback, especially to my suggestion that the era of really big scientific discoveries might be over. “On a scale from toddler knowledge to ultimate enlightenment, man’s understanding of the universe could be anywhere,” wrote a student named Matt. “How can a person say with certainty that everything is known or close to being known if it is incomparable to anything?”Other students embrace skepticism to a degree that shocks me. Cecelia, a biomedical-engineering major, wrote: “I am skeptical of the methods used to collect data on climate change, the analysis of this data, and the predictions made based on this data.” Pondering (思索) the lesson that correlation does not equal causation, Steve questioned the foundations of scientific reasoning. “How do we know there is a cause for anything?” he asked.In a similar way, some students echoed the claim of radical (激进的) postmodernists that we can never really know anything for certain, and hence that almost all our current theories will probably be overturned. Just as Aristotle’s physics gave way to Newton’s, which in turn yielded to Einstein’s, so our current theories of physics will surely be replaced by completely different ones.After one especially harsh paper, I responded, “Whoa!” Science, I lectured sternly, has established many facts about reality beyond a reasonable doubt, embodied by quantum mechanics, general relativity, the theory of evolution, the genetic code. This knowledge has yielded applications—from vaccines to computer chips—that have transformed our world in countless ways. It is precisely because science is such a powerful mode of knowledge, I said, that you must treat new pronouncements skeptically, carefully distinguishing the genuine from the false. But you shouldn’t be so skeptical that you deny the possibility of achieving any knowledge at all.My students listened politely, but I could see the doubt in their eyes. We professors have a duty to teach our students to be skeptical. But we also have to accept that, if we do our jobs well, their skepticism may turn on us.（选自researchgate）1. Why was the author’s faith in science weakened?A. Because some essays from his peer scholars cast strong doubt on science.B. Because scientists often presented an overly optimistic picture of science.C. Because he was tired of reading too much science fiction with equations.D. Because an academic figure claimed that most published research findings were false.2. Which of the following was NOT one of the students’ responses to the author’s skeptical teaching?A. Some doubted his suggestion of the limitation of scientific discoveries.B. Some questioned the way of data collecting and scientific reasoning.C. Some launched harsh criticism against the author’s advocacy of skepticism.D. Some claimed there was no certainty for any established theory.3. What did the author think of his students’ responses?A. He considered them as a display of their creativity.B. He viewed them a must in order to understand the spirit of science.C. He treated them as an extreme application of skepticism.D. He regarded them as a kind of respect paid by students to their teacher.4. Which might be the best title for this article?A. When Teaching Critical Thinking BackfiresB. Skepticism Makes Teaching More FunC. No Doubt, No ScienceD. Students Turn Out Better Than Teacher译文：不要总是相信科学家和其他权威人士告诉您的内容！持怀疑态度！认真思考！我就是这么告诉我的学生的。

FUTURE OF TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION未来校园啥模样? 让技术像空气存在于校园What will the schools of the future look like? With the introduction of 5G technology, we’re starting to find out.The answer is smart campuses, with high-tech features to help students learn more effectively and safely. They also bring convenience to teachers and administrators (管理者).The University of British Columbia has what is believed to be Canada’s first 5G-powered smart campus, according to The Star newspaper. The school has partnered with tech company Rogers Communications to install (安装) a massive 5G network on its campus. Researchers at the school can use the network to test real-time 5G applications, as well as access a data storage facility (设施) similar to “cloud” storage, the newspaper noted.US tech company Amazon is also looking to get into the smart campus arena(舞台). Alexa, the company’s voice-activated (声控) smart assistant, is being aimed at teachers. They may help to run classes more efficiently, says Amazon. For example, if a teacher has to teach different classes in different rooms, Alexa can remember the teacher’s preferences, such as whether or not they need to use a projector (投影仪).Smart technology can also be used to keep students and teachers safe. At the Global IndianInternational School in Singapore, CNET reports that facial recognition scanners(扫描器) allow teachers to automatically lock or unlock classroom doors, while students can store their textbooks in smart lockers linked to their student ID cards.People often describe college campuses as “mini-cities”. After all, they have their own on-campus infrastructure (基础设施), including transport links, roads, shops, restaurants – even police. And just like the smart cities being designed around the world, many college campuses are adopting smart technology. The University of Michigan in the US, for example, has its own self-driving shuttle (班车) system, allowing students to go from classroom to classroom in a safe and efficient manner.Unlike cities, universities are seen as a particularly good testing ground for smart technology because many of them have sole (单一的) control over their property(财产). “Cities are so big, and there are so many players and stakeholders(利益相关者), it can be difficult. But many universities around the world have control over their estates (房产). They own all their buildings ... so they can become like a living lab,” said Gemmy Ginty, a designer working on a smart campus development strategy for the University of Glasgow, UK, in a news report by the Guardian.（选自Pinterest）1. How is the text mainly developed?A. By giving examples.B. By making comparisons.C. By following the order of time.D. By explaining causes and effects.2. What can we learn about Alexa from the text?A. It offers free “cloud” storage to its users.B. It is used to test real-time 5G applications.C. It can help improve classroom efficiency.D. It can help monitor students’ class performances.3. Why are universities seen as a good testing grounds for smart technology, according to the text?A. Smart technology benefits students the most.B. Universities are full of laboratories and researchers.C. Sole control over their properties makes it easier to test new tech.D. There are many players and stakeholders on university campuses.译文：未来的学校会是什么样？随着5G技术的引入，我们开始发现，答案是智能校园，其高科技功能可以帮助学生更有效，更安全地学习。

一、外刊阅读：阅读七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Exercise and immunityBattling another cough or cold? 1 You may feel better if you take a daily walk or follow a simple exercise routine a few times a week.InformationExercise helps decrease your chances o f developing heart disease. 2 We do not know exactly if or how exercise increases your immunity to certain illnesses. Exercise slows down the release of stress hormones. 3 Lower stress hormones may protect against illness.Exercise is good for you. 4 People who already exercise should not exercise more just to increase their immunity. Heavy, long-term exercise (such as marathon running and intense gym training) could actually cause harm.Studies have shown that people who follow a(n) moderately energetic lifestyle, benefit most from starting (and sticking to) an exercise program. A moderate program can consist:Bicycling with your children a few times a weekGoing to the gym every other dayPlaying golf regularlyExercise makes you feel healthier and more energetic. It can help you feel better about yourself. So go ahead, take that aerobics class or go for that walk. You will feel better and healthier for it.A.Taking daily 20 to 30 minute walksB.However, you should not overdo it.C.It also keeps your bones healthy and strong.D.Exercise causes change in antibodies and white blood cells (WBC).E.Feeling tired all the time?F. Do you want to give it a try?G. Some stress increases the chance of illness.二、参考答案：ECGBA三、核心词汇：causes decrease changes circulate rise intense enhance release moderately consist lowers routine detect拓展变形1.causecausationcausativecaused2.changechangeableunchangeableunchangeablyUnchanging3.circulatecirculatedcirculationcirculationscirculatoryuncirculated4.consistconsistedconsisting5.decreasedecreaseddecreasing6.detectdetectabledetectiondetectivedetectorundetectableundetected7.enhanceenhancement8.intenseintensenessintensificationintensifyintensityintensiveintensively9.lowerlowest10.moderateimmoderateimmoderatelymoderatelymoderateness11.releasereleasingunreleased12.riserisenriserRose13.routineroutinelysubroutinesubroutines四、重点讲解：routine[ruːˈtiːn]n.常规;无聊;一套动作，adj.常规的;例行公事的;乏味的例句So many days are routine and uninteresting, especially in today’s spring festival.许多日子都过得平淡乏味，尤其是今年春节。

Robots aid in coronavirus fight疫情推动机器人加速上岗。

Robots have certain advantages compared to humans: They are efficient, tireless, can be repaired when damaged and they never get sick. This last trait has made them the star during our fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. While hundreds of thousands of medical workers have fallen ill dealing with this highly infectious virus and a lot more are forced to stay at home for fear of getting the disease, this isn’t a problem for robots.This is why the COVID-19 outbreak is seen as the “tipping point” – noted The Independent science reporter Anthony Cuthbertson – for robotsto start to replace humans in certain jobs.In areas like hospitals and healthcare facilities, robots are used to perform high-risk tasks. In China, for example, a hotel in Hangzhou employed a robot named “Little Peanut” to deliver food to people under quarantine. In Spain, robots are about to be used to test people for the coronavirus. Ultraviolet-light-disinfection (紫外线消毒) robots are also being widely used to clean hospital corridors and wards (病房).“Hospitals around the world are waking up to autonomous disinfection,” Per Juul Nielsen, CEO of Denmark’s UVD Robots, a leading company manufacturing (制造) disinfection robots, told Forbes. “We can’t build these robots fast enough."In non-medical companies, robots are also replacing human employees since they don’t have the problem of social distancing and will never take sick leave. Walmart and Amazon, for example, where robots are already used in sorting, packing and shipping, are planning to increase the number of robots in their facilities. Fast-food chains like McDonald’s are not only delivering food with robots in some areas, but also looking to use them as cooks and servers.According to futurist Martin Ford, using more robots than human employees can prove to be rewarding for companies – even when the pandemic is over. “People will prefer to go to a place that has fewerworkers and more machines because they feel they can lower overall risk,” Ford told the BBC.But this sudden surge (激增) in robot demand doesn’t mean that they triumph over humans in every aspect. According to Bill Smart, a roboticist at Oregon State University, the human contact between doctors and patients is still important. Doctors comfort the patients and guide them through hard decisions while robots are only doing routine tasks, like cleaning and giving tests, just to free up doctors and nurses.It might be true that robots have certain advantages over humans, but they are still secondary to human interaction.（选自BBC）1. What is the text mainly about?A. The advantages of robots compared to humans.B. Different views toward applying robots to fight COVID-19.C. Why the COVID-19 outbreak has fueled robot demand.D. Whether robots will replace humans in certain areas one day.2. What has made robots desirable during the pandemic according to the text?A. They can be repaired when damaged.B. They test people for coronavirus more precisely.C. They never get tired and can replace doctors and nurses.D. They are not vulnerable to the coronavirus.3. What does Martin Ford think of the application of robots?A. Its benefits are appealing and lasting.B. Machines are less disturbing than humans.C. It poses a threat to human employment.D. There are some risks with the use of robots.4. What can be concluded from the last two paragraphs?A. The demand for robots is too great to meet.B. Doctors can make more accurate judgments than robots.C. Humans interactions are essential in some areas.D. Robots need updating to improve contact with humans.译文：与人类相比，机器人具有某些优势：它们高效，不倦，在受损时可以修复，并且永不生病。