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Tax Liability interest, dividends, capital gain moving expenses, educator (or loss), business income (or expenses, self-employed
loss), pensions, farm income (or health insurance premium
Charitable contributions, home
loss), rents, royalties, Social payments, student loan
mortgage interest, state and
Security benefits, etc.
payments, tuition and fees,
17-5
Evaluating the H-S Criterion
Equity – treats likes alike Efficiency – treats all forms of income the
same; decisions made on the basis of economic value not tax consequences
CHAPTER 17
THE PERSONAL INCOME TAX
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Computation of Federal Personal Income Wages and compensation, Trade or business expenses,
Tax liability before credexictesss of regular tax liability
- Tax credits
Regular tax liability
Pay tax or claim refund
17-2
Haig-Simons Income (Comprehensive Income)
Income = Consumption + DNet Worth Maximum consumption taxpayers can enjoy
without spending down their wealth Anything received that can be used, either
• Ttaaxxarabtlee Income rcaaDrtn.eCdds.eictfFtaocfiopr.r;sridtPtati-vhThliegdaimaeseineelndd-StPshoeastaourxalymtyrlwittaoeeoibrbtnvhiutltehiaytirenyteitcvruod’oessismdiAcnaeergMbteeldeATrmidMtl,,iiaTnbebilAiatysMeinT.
17-6
Excludable Forms of Money Income
Interest on State & Local Bonds Some dividends Capital gains Employer contributions to benefit plans Some types of saving
Transfer payments, including Social Security benefits, unemployment compensation, and welfare
Capital gains
Realized versus unrealized
Income in kind
Imputed rent
17-4
Some Practical and Conceptual Problems
Computing income net of business expenses Computing capital gains and losses Computing imputed income from durables Valuing in-kind servicld twaixth, aindcdoitmioenal child tax, EITC, Six HorOdPinEaraynrdatLeisfetime Learning,
reimbursed employee expenses; Phase out with income; Differs by filing status
now or later, to purchase goods and services Subtract costs of earning income
17-3
Items Included in H-S Income
Employer pension contributions and insurance purchase
- Exemptions (1e0l%ec,tr1ic5%ve,h2ic5l%es,, health coverage 28ta%x, 3a3d%op,t3io5n%, )m; ortgage interest,
- Larger of standscrdtiehfaftietaliudrressra;mdbnseydpndefditlcieesniapagdlevinnudgecsntctioconatrnreibcuorteirodniit,,temized deductions
local taxes, medical expenses
Tax Base
alimony paid, etc.
in excess of 7.5% of AGI, casualty and theft losses, non-
- “Above-the-line” Pdheasde-uoucttions