英语流利说懂你英语Level4-

Level4 Unit2 Part1 Listening - Extinction Events 1The Earth was formed about 4.6 billion years ago.The first life appeared about a billion years later.The first plants didn't appear until around 2 billion years ago.Until about 580 million years ago, life forms were small and microscopic. Since that time, life has evolved into many different types, or species. However, scientists estimate that more than 99% of them are now extinct.There have been several extinction events in the history of the Earth.In an extinction event many life forms, or species of life, die out.The causes of mass extinction events are unsolved mysteries.These events are not predictable and can happen at any time.Scientists think that some of them were started by asteroid impacts or volcanic eruptions.Events like these can change the global conditions that life depends on.One major extinction event happened about 66 million years ago.That event may have been started by a large asteroid that hit the Earth.As a result, the dinosaurs and about half of all species on the planet died out. When the asteroid hit the earth, it started a chain of events.A chain of events is a series of events linked together, like a chain.This particular chain of events happened over a period of months and years.When the asteroid hit the Earth, it caused a huge cloud of dust to enter the atmosphere.This cloud of dust blocked the sun and darkened the Earth for many months. Without enough sunlight, plants and plant-eating animals quickly died.With the deaths of so many plants and animals, the food chain collapsed.This led to the deaths of many more species.Mass extinction events have played an important part in the evolution of life.In fact, some extinction events have helped to accelerate evolution.For example, some mammals lived through the age of the dinosaurs, but they couldn't compete.When the dinosaurs were removed, the mammals were able to compete more successfully.Once they could compete, mammals evolved to a higher state.Without extinction events, perhaps we wouldn't be here today.Level4 Unit2 Part1 Listening - Extinction Events 2Scientists estimate that there have been at least 5 mass extinctions in the last 540 million years.They also believe that we have entered a new extinction event.Species are becoming extinct at a much faster rate than before.Instead of asteroids or volcanic eruptions, the current event is the result of human activities.Human activities, for example, have led to global warming.Global warming is the result of an increase in carbon gases in our atmosphere.These gases trap heat from the sun, so the Earth is getting warmer.As a result, sea levels are rising and weather patterns are changing.In addition, we humans are destroying the habitats of many plants and animals.Cutting down forests and polluting rivers destroys the habitats of many forms of life. There is no longer any doubt that this is happeningSpecies of life are disappearing at an increasing rate.Global temperatures are rising and weather patterns are changing.Scientists are warning us that fast action is necessary to save our future.If we don't act, we may go the way of the dinosaurs.(This new extinction event is caused by humans.)Level4 Unit2 Part1 Vocabulary - Body SystemsThe body's circulatory system includes the heart and blood vessels.The heart pumps blood to all parts of the body through a network of arteries and veins.The digestive system breaks down and absorbs food into the body.It supplies the energy that the body needs for growth and repair.After digestion, excess food is turned into waste and eliminated from the body.The nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord and nerves.This is your body's control system.It controls your muscles and organs, including your circulatory and digestive systems.The respiratory system includes the nose and lungs.It brings air and oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide.The lungs are where oxygen enters the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is removed.The immune system protects the body against infections and diseases.Sneezing and fever are examples of how the immune system works.If an infection invades the body, the immune system attacks it.(The blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart are called arteries.)(The digestive system is where food is broken down and absorbed into the body.)(The nervous system regulates your heartbeat and digestion.)Level4 Unit2 Part1 Vocabulary - Great DiscoveriesThe controlled use of fire allowed people to cook food and survive in the colder climates.Fire provided light so that people could work and socialize for longer hours.With the invention of agriculture, people could grow food and settle into communities.By growing food, people could spend less time hunting and more time for other things such as art.The domestication of animals allowed people to raise and use animals for food and work.By raising herds of animals such as sheep, humans had a regular supply of meat and clothing.The strength of animals such as horses and oxen was used for work and transportation.The development of tools and machines has resulted in more efficient manufacturing and construction.With better tools and machines, work can be done with fewer people and at much lower costs.The development of science and engineering has improved many things, including communications.With an understanding of electricity, telephones and radios allow people to communicate over long distances.(Science and engineering have changed the way we communicate with each other.) (With the development of agriculture, people had more time for other activities.) (The use of machines has reduced the number of people needed to make things.)Level4 Unit2 Part1 Dialogue - Smartphone AddictionI took a vacation last night.What are you talking about?Where did you take your vacation?I didn't go anywhere.I just spent an evening without my smartphone.How was it?It was great. I got a real magazine and read it with no interruption.It was very peaceful.Yes, I haven't done that in a long time.You know what?I'm beginning to hate smartphones.Really? but you can't live without one, right?Yes, that's the problem.These things are changing the way people live.Yes, I just saw a documentary about that.A husband was complaining to his wife that she was spending too much time on her smartphone.What happened? Did they get a divorce?You guessed it. In the end, they got a divorce.It's a bit ironic, don't you think?Smartphone were supposed to bring people together, but they are pulling people apart.Yes, you are right.Hey, just a minute. I've got a message on my smartphone, and it can't wait.Level4 Unit2 Part1 Dialogue - Rude Boss Hey, wake up and get back to work.What's wrong with you?I'm on my break sir, and I have a bad headache.Well, we are not paying you to sleep.If you're going to sleep, sleep someplace else.Yes, sir, sorry, it won't happen again.It had better not.Just a minute.Don't talk to me like that.What did you say?You hurt me. you don't have to treat people like that. Well, if you don't like it, I suggest you leave.OK, I will. I've had enough of you.I'll get a job somewhere else.(The manager treats the employees in a threatening manner.) (The employee treats the manager respectfully.)Level4 Unit2 Part2 Listening - Point of View 1This man is holding a piece of fruit in his hand.The piece of fruit is either an orange or an apple.We can’t see which it is because we can’t see inside the box.The probability that it is an orange is equal to the probability that it is an apple. It may be an apple, and it may be an orange.It’s got to be one or the other.It can’t be anything else.Now let’s look at it from the man’s point of view.From his point of view, the probabilities are different.From his point of view, the probability that he has an orange is 100% or 0%. That’s because he knows what he has.For him there is no uncertainty.If he has an orange, the probability is 100%.If he doesn’t have an orange, the probability is 0%.He either has it or he doesn’t.From our point of view, the probability that he has an orange is 50%.From his point of view, the probability that he has an orange is 100% or 0%. So the probability depends on your point of view.Level4 Unit2 Part2 Listening - Point of View 2People see things from different points of view.This often leads to arguments between people.Here are some examples.From this man’s point of view, he is relax ing.He needs to relax because he has been working too hard.He hasn’t been getting enough sleep.His wife sees things differently.She isn’t aware of how hard he has been working.From her point of view, he is doing nothing.However, she knows what needs to be done around the house.It isn’t fair that she has to work while he does nothing.When people see things from different points of view, they often come to different conclusions.These differences can cause real communication problems.Level4 Unit2 Part2 Vocabulary – DisastersEarthquakes are caused by forces deep within the Earth.When the earth shakes, buildings can collapse and people can be buried inside.An explosion is a rapid, violent release of energy.Explosions can be caused by chemical reactions, such as inside an engine.A spark can ignite a mixture of gases, and release energy for good or destructive purposes.Accidents are often caused by people doing foolish things or by not being careful.One major cause of accidents is driving too fast.Accidents with fire can be very serious, and can result in very painful injuries.Epidemics are the rapid spread of a disease, such as the flu or ebola.Throughout history, epidemics have killed millions of people.Storms are caused by changes in the atmosphere resulting in high winds and heavy rain.Thunderstorms are caused by electric charges in the atmosphere that produce lightning, which can cause forest fires.Some storms cause flooding, and major damage to homes and cities.Followers of the islam religion are called Muslims.These Muslims are praying inside a mosque.Muslims are called to prayer 5 times a day, beginning just before sunrise.Christianity is based on the teaching of Jesus Christ, who lived more than 2000 years ago.Christians believe that Jesus is the son of god.Christians often gather in churches or cathedrals to worship.Followers of Judaism are called Jews.These Jews are meeting inside the synagogue, which is a place of worship and study.Judaism was founded over 35 hundred years ago, in the middle east.Judaism is based on the teaching of Moses, who they believe is the most important prophet.Buddhism began in India and is based on the teachings of the Buddha.The religion is about 25 hundred years old.Some Buddhists practice a form of meditation in which they empty their minds of any thought.Hinduism is the world’s third most popular religion and is the main religion of India.Hinduism has no founder and is a mixture of many beliefs.Some Hindus believe in the cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth.Level4 Unit2 Part2 Vocabulary – ReligionsvFollowers of the islam religion are called Muslims.These Muslims are praying inside a Mosque.Muslims are called to prayer 5 times a day, beginning just before sunrise.Christianity is based on the teaching of Jesus Christ, who lived more than 2000 years ago.Christians believe that Jesus is the son of god.Christians often gather in churches or cathedrals to worship.Followers of Judaism are called Jews.These Jews are meeting inside a synagogue, which is a place of worship and study. Judaism was founded over 35 hundred years ago in the Middle East.Judaism is based on the teachings of Moses, who they believe is the mostimportant prophet.Buddhism began in India and is based on the teachings of the Buddha.The religion is about 25 hundred years old.Some Buddhists practice a form of meditation in which they empty their minds of any thought.Hinduism is the world’s third most popular religion and is the main religion of India. Hinduism has no founder and is a mixture of many beliefs.Some Hindus believe in the cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth.Level4 Unit2 Part2 Dialogue - Missing AircraftDo you have any more information about the location of the missing aircraft?No, we don’t. The only information we have is that it disappeared.What about the last communication with the aircraft?The last communication was about 15 minutes before it disappeared.Was there anything unusual in the communication?No, there wasn't anything unusual.Nothing pointed to any kind of problem.Anyway, we are confident that we will find it.It’s a large aircraft so it shouldn’t be difficult to find.How many countries are helping with the search.Right now, we have search teams from 3 countries starting the search.It’s a big area to search, so can you give us an estimate about how long it will take. Yes, it’s a big area so it might take a long time.But we won’t give up.We will search until we find it.Have they found the wreckage yet?What are you talking about?You know, the airplane that disappeared last year.Oh, yes, now I know what you are referring to.Yes, they found some piece of it.What about the black boxes?No, they still haven’t found the black boxes.It’s hard to believe they still don’t know what happened.Perhaps they’ll never know, especially if they don’t find the black boxes.Whatever happened to it, there is no good reason why a modern airline is allowed to disappear.I agree with you.Level4 Unit2 Part3 Listening - Alcatraz 1Alcatraz is a small island in San Francisco Bay, 1.5 miles from San Francisco.From Alcatraz, you can see the famous Golden Gate Bridge.Alcatraz is also famous and is now a major tourist attraction.Tourists can reach the island by boat from the city.Alcatraz has often appeared in movies, including "Escape from Alcatraz" which was made in 1979.One reason it’s famous is because it used to be a prison, a very special prison.It was designed for prisoners who were causing trouble in other prisons, such as trying to escape.It was a maximum security prison, so escape was almost impossible.The waters around it are cold, and only very strong swimmers can swim from the island to San Francisco.The first group of prisoners arrived in 1934.There were 137 prisoners, including bank robbers and murderers.They came by train from another prison in the state of Kansas.During that trip there was heavy security.The prisoners were under guard and handcuffed.Nobody wanted them to escape.Level4 Unit2 Part3 Listening - Alcatraz 2The prison was designed to hold up to 336 prisoners.However the average population was only about 270.Although there were several notorious inmates, such as Al Capone, most of the inmates were not well-known.Many had tried to escape from other prisons or were considered violent.If a man did not behave at another prison, he could be sent to Alcatraz.At Alcatraz there was just one inmate in each prison cell.Prison life at Alcatraz was highly structured and boring.It was designed to teach prisoners to follow rules.They had four rights: food, clothing, shelter, and medical care.Everything else was a privilege that had to be earned.Privileges included working, visits from family members, and access to the prison library.There were also activities such as painting and music.Once a prisoner showed that he could follow the rules, he could be transferred back to another prison to finish his sentence.Alcatraz was used as a prison for 29 years.During that time, no prisoner escaped successfully.There were 14 escape attempts, involving 36 prisoners.Twenty-three were caught alive, and six were shot and killed.2 men tried to escape twice.2 drowned and 5 were listed as missing and presumed drowned.The most violent escape attempt occurred on May 2nd, 1946 when 6 prisoners tried to escape.That event is called the "Battle of Alcatraz."While it was in use, Alcatraz held some of the most notorious criminals in American history, such as Al Capone.Al Capone was a crime boss who built his career in Chicago.The prison was finally closed in 1963.It was closed because it was too expensive to operate.(No prisoner ever escaped from Alcatraz.)Level4 Unit2 Part3 Vocabulary - Graphs & ChartsA bar graph uses rectangular bars of different lengths to show and compare data.The lengths of the bars are proportional to the values they represent.The bars can be vertical, up and down, or horizontal.A circle graph, often called a pie graph, is shaped like a circle.It is divided into segments that look like pieces of a pie.Percentages are used to compare the segments, which are ordered from biggest to smallest.Line graphs are used to show the relationship between two variables, such as time and distance.These variables are plotted on 2 axes, the X-axis and the Y-axis.The X-axis often shows time while the Y-axis shows how quantities, such as distance, temperature or profits change with time.A flowchart is a type of graph that shows how a process or project flows from start to finish.A flow chart consists of start points, inputs, outputs and decision points.An organizational chart, or org chart shows the structure of a company.It shows how people and departments within a company are connected.It defines the roles and responsibilities of people and departments within a company.(Line graphs are very good at showing how things change over time.)(A flowchart shows how a process or project flows from start to finish.)Level4 Unit2 Part3 Vocabulary - Legal TermsLaws are rules that people are supposed to follow.A system of laws governs the behavior of people within a country.Criminals are people who break the law.People who commit a crime are called criminals.Some criminals are very dangerous and need to be put in jail.A jail or prison is a place where criminals are locked behind bars, sometimes for many years.Prisons are designed to keep criminals away from other people.A courthouse is where someone charged with committing a crime goes on trial.In court, evidence is presented to show the guilt or innocence of the person on trial.When someone breaks the law, they may be arrested by the police.To arrest someone means to take and hold them until they go on trial.(An action that is against the law is an illegal action.)(Someone who commits a crime may be sent to prison.)(When a person is charged with breaking a law ,they are tried in a court of law.)(An action that follows the law is a legal action.)Level4 Unit2 Part3 Dialogue - Currency ExchangeMay I help you, sir?I’d like to change some US dollars into Japanese yen, please.Yes, certainly sir.How much would you like to change?I’d like to change 500 dollars.May I see your passport please?I don’t have it with me, but I do h ave my driver’s license.Would that be OK?No, I'm sorry, sir.I need to see your passport, it’s the law.Look, I’m not asking for a loan.I just want to convert my dollars into yen.Why do I need my passport?I understand your frustration s ir, but that’s the law.I can not do something that is illegal.OK, do you have any suggestions?Sure, the easiest thing for you to do is to use a machine in one of the hotels near here. You can borrow someone’s passport and then do the conversion.So the machine doesn’t check my fingerprints or anything like that?No, sir. But there is a limit as to how much you can change at one time.You also have to pay a higher fee.Thanks for your help.You’re welcome, sir.AI Capone was one of the most famous criminals in American history.He came from an immigrant family.His parents came from Italy, and his father was a barber.As a boy, he belonged to a street gang.He quit school after finishing the 6th grade.He built his career as a crime boss in Chicago.He became boss at 26 when the previous leader was nearly killed.His crime organization made a lot of money, more than 100 million dollars a year. Most of the money came from illegal activities, especially the sale of illegal liquor. His organization was also involved in gambling and prostitution.Capone was a flashy dresser who enjoyed being famous.He protected himself by bribing police and public officials.Though he was involved in the deaths of many, he was never convicted of a serious crime.When he was finally arrested, it was for minor crimes.In 1929, he and his bodyguard were arrested for carrying deadly weapons.For that they were sentenced to a year in prison.Capone was released in nine months for good behavior.(When he went out,he loved to be the center of attention.)(The largest portion of its income was from the illegal sales of liquor.)In 1930, Capone was Public Enemy No.1 in Chicago.A year later he was arrested for failure to pay taxes.The government had finally found a way to catch him.After a trial, he was found guilty and sentenced to 11 years in prison.He spent the first two years of his sentence at a prison in Atlanta, Georgia.Then he was sent to Alcatraz, the country's most famous prison.At Alcatraz, he was diagnosed with a disease that began to take over his brain.As a result, he spent much of his time in the prison hospital.By the time he was released from prison in 1939, he was no longer able to lead his organization.He died of a stroke and pneumonia in 1947.Level4 Unit2 Part4 Vocabulary - Economic TermsIncome is money received for a work or from investments.For a company to survive, its income needs to be more than its expenses.People who earn a good salary can buy what they need to survive.A receipt is given to you after you have paid for something.A receipt is proof that you have paid for something.A receipt shows that something has been paid for.After paying for something, be sure to get a receipt.An invoice is a request for payments.An invoice lists the prices and products being bought.To invoice someone means to give them a bill for products or services.Once an invoice is paid, it can be used as a receipt.Taxes are what we pay to the government for government services. Taxes pay for many services, such as education, police, and health care. An income tax, is a tax on your income.In some countries, income taxes are very high.Interest is what we pay to lenders when we borrow money.If someone lends you money, you pay interest for the use of that money. （People pay taxes to pay for government services.）Level4 Unit2 Part4 Vocabulary - Personality Types Emotional people often show their feelings and have a bad temper. They make decisions based on the feelings more than facts. Sometimes these people make bad decisions because of their emotions. Leaders are people who take responsibility and are trusted by others. Good leaders make good decisions and get things done.In many situations, others look to them for leadership.Loyal people can be depended on to follow their leader.They will support and protect their leaders and friends.A strong team needs a good leader and loyal followers.Independent people can do things on their own.They often prefer working by themselves.Sometimes they have difficulty working in a group.Creative people come up with new ideas and ways of doing things. They often have a good imagination and can see things in different ways. Many artists and musicians are very creative.(Independent people may want to do things their own way.)(Loyal people will act to support the decisions of the group.)Level4 Unit2 Part4 Dialogue - A Video Project 1 Congratulations Lisa!Congratulations for what?We just heard the news.What news? Don't keep me in suspense.QuickServe has accepted your video proposal.Already？I just submitted it a week ago.Maybe so, but they like it so much that they made a quick decision.They want you to get started on it as soon as possible.That's great news. But I'm still working on some other projects.They need to be finished first.Can't you delay some of our other projects?I'm not sure, how important is this project?They are putting a lot of pressure on us now, especially since they read your proposal. They really like it.It's a very creative way of presenting their company.It had everybody laughing.Yes, that was the idea.It was fun to do, and our whole team thought it was funny.Well, great job.I think it's the best work your team has ever done.流利说_懂你英语_Level4_Unit2(She submitted her proposal a week ago.)(Everything depends on how important the project is.)(To delay something means to postpone it.)Level4 Unit2 Part4 Dialogue - A Video Project 2When can you get started on the project?Are they going to pay extra?In my proposal, I said the earliest start date would be one month after signing the contract.Was that in the proposal?Yes, it was. Have they signed the contract yet?No, they haven't, but I'm sure they will right awayThey'll also need to make an advance payment.That was in the proposal, too.We can't stop everything else just because they are excited.OK, I'll get back to them and let them know.Yes, please do, I've been through this kind of thing before.(They want to get started earlier than what was in the proposal.)21。

Level4 Unit2 Part1 Listening - Extinction Events 1The Earth was formed about 4.6 billion years ago.The first life appeared about a billion years later.The first plants didn't appear until around 2 billion years ago.Until about 580 million years ago, life forms were small and microscopic.Since that time, life has evolved into many different types, or species.However, scientists estimate that more than 99% of them are now extinct.There have been several extinction events in the history of the Earth.In an extinction event many life forms, or species of life, die out. The causes of mass extinction events are unsolved mysteries.These events are not predictable and can happen at any time.Scientists think that some of them were started by asteroid impacts or volcanic eruptions.Events like these can change the global conditions that life depends on.One major extinction event happened about 66 million years ago.That event may have been started by a large asteroid that hit the Earth.As a result, the dinosaurs and about half of all species on the planet died out.When the asteroid hit the earth, it started a chain of events.A chain of events is a series of events linked together, like a chain.This particular chain of events happened over a period of months and years.When the asteroid hit the Earth, it caused a huge cloud of dust to enter the atmosphere.This cloud of dust blocked the sun and darkened the Earth for many months.Without enough sunlight, plants and plant-eating animals quickly died.With the deaths of so many plants and animals, the food chain collapsed.This led to the deaths of many more species.Mass extinction events have played an important part in the evolution of life.In fact, some extinction events have helped to accelerate evolution.For example, some mammals lived through the age of the dinosaurs, but they couldn't compete.When the dinosaurs were removed, the mammals were able to compete more successfully.Once they could compete, mammals evolved to a higher state.Without extinction events, perhaps we wouldn't be here today.Level4 Unit2 Part1 Listening - Extinction Events 2Scientists estimate that there have been at least 5 mass extinctions in the last 540 million years.They also believe that we have entered a new extinction event.Species are becoming extinct at a much faster rate than before.Instead of asteroids or volcanic eruptions, the current event is the result of human activities.Human activities, for example, have led to global warming.Global warming is the result of an increase in carbon gases in our atmosphere.These gases trap heat from the sun, so the Earth is getting warmer.As a result, sea levels are rising and weather patterns are changing.In addition, we humans are destroying the habitats of many plants and animals.Cutting down forests and polluting rivers destroys the habitats of many forms of life.There is no longer any doubt that this is happeningSpecies of life are disappearing at an increasing rate.Global temperatures are rising and weather patterns are changing.Scientists are warning us that fast action is necessary to save our future.If we don't act, we may go the way of the dinosaurs.(This new extinction event is caused by humans.)Level4 Unit2 Part1 Vocabulary - Body SystemsThe body's circulatory system includes the heart and blood vessels.The heart pumps blood to all parts of the body through a network of arteries and veins.The digestive system breaks down and absorbs food into the body.It supplies the energy that the body needs for growth and repair.After digestion, excess food is turned into waste and eliminated from the body.The nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord and nerves.This is your body's control system.It controls your muscles and organs, including your circulatory and digestive systems.The respiratory system includes the nose and lungs.It brings air and oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide.The lungs are where oxygen enters the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is removed.The immune system protects the body against infections and diseases.Sneezing and fever are examples of how the immune system works.If an infection invades the body, the immune system attacks it.(The blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart are called arteries.)(The digestive system is where food is broken down and absorbed into the body.)(The nervous system regulates your heartbeat and digestion.)Level4 Unit2 Part1 Vocabulary - Great DiscoveriesThe controlled use of fire allowed people to cook food and survive in the colder climates.Fire provided light so that people could work and socialize for longer hours.With the invention of agriculture, people could grow foodand settle into communities.By growing food, people could spend less time hunting and more time for other things such as art.The domestication of animals allowed people to raise and use animals for food and work.By raising herds of animals such as sheep, humans had a regular supply of meat and clothing.The strength of animals such as horses and oxen was used for work and transportation.The development of tools and machines has resulted in moreefficient manufacturing and construction.With better tools and machines, work can be done with fewer people and at much lower costs.The development of science and engineering has improved many things, including communications.With an understanding of electricity, telephones and radios allow people to communicate over long distances.(Science and engineering have changed the way we communicate with each other.)(With the development of agriculture, people had more time for other activities.)(The use of machines has reduced the number of people needed to make things.)Level4 Unit2 Part1 Dialogue - Smartphone Addiction I took a vacation last night.What are you talking about?Where did you take your vacation?I didn't go anywhere.I just spent an evening without my smartphone.How was it?It was great. I got a real magazine and read it with no interruption.It was very peaceful.Yes, I haven't done that in a long time.You know what?I'm beginning to hate smartphones.Really? but you can't live without one, right?Yes, that's the problem.These things are changing the way people live.Yes, I just saw a documentary about that.A husband was complaining to his wife that she was spending too much time on her smartphone.What happened? Did they get a divorce?You guessed it. In the end, they got a divorce.It's a bit ironic, don't you think?Smartphone were supposed to bring people together, but they are pulling people apart.Yes, you are right.Hey, just a minute. I've got a message on my smartphone, and it can't wait.Level4 Unit2 Part1 Dialogue - Rude BossHey, wake up and get back to work.What's wrong with you?I'm on my break sir, and I have a bad headache.Well, we are not paying you to sleep.If you're going to sleep, sleep someplace else.Yes, sir, sorry, it won't happen again.It had better not.Just a minute.Don't talk to me like that.What did you say?You hurt me. you don't have to treat people like that.Well, if you don't like it, I suggest you leave.OK, I will. I've had enough of you.I'll get a job somewhere else.(The manager treats the employees in a threatening manner.)(The employee treats the manager respectfully.)Level4 Unit2 Part2 Listening - Point of View 1This man is holding a piece of fruit in his hand.The piece of fruit is either an orange or an apple.We can’t see which it is because we can’t see inside the box.The probability that it is an orange is equal to the probability that it is an apple.It may be an apple, and it may be an orange.It’s got to be one or the other.It can’t be anything else.Now let’s look at it from the man’s p oint of view.From his point of view, the probabilities are different.From his point of view, the probability that he has an orange is 100% or 0%.That’s because he knows what he has.For him there is no uncertainty.If he has an orange, the probability is 100%.If he doesn’t have an orange, the probability is 0%.He either has it or he doesn’t.From our point of view, the probability that he has an orange is 50%.From his point of view, the probability that he has an orange is 100% or 0%.So the probability depends on your point of view.Level4 Unit2 Part2 Listening - Point of View 2People see things from different points of view.This often leads to arguments between people.Here are some examples.From this man’s point of view, he is relaxing.He needs to relax because he has been working too hard.He hasn’t been getting enough sleep.His wife sees things differently.She isn’t aware of how hard he has been working.From her point of view, he is doing nothing.However, she knows what needs to be done around the house.It isn’t fair that she has to work while he does nothing.When people see things from different points of view, they often come to different conclusions.These differences can cause real communication problems.Level4 Unit2 Part2 Vocabulary – DisastersEarthquakes are caused by forces deep within the Earth.When the earth shakes, buildings can collapse and people can be buried inside.An explosion is a rapid, violent release of energy.Explosions can be caused by chemical reactions, such as inside an engine.A spark can ignite a mixture of gases, and release energy for good or destructive purposes.Accidents are often caused by people doing foolish things or by not being careful.One major cause of accidents is driving too fast.Accidents with fire can be very serious, and can result in very painful injuries.Epidemics are the rapid spread of a disease, such as the flu or ebola.Throughout history, epidemics have killed millions of people.Storms are caused by changes in the atmosphere resulting in high winds and heavy rain.Thunderstorms are caused by electric charges in the atmosphere that produce lightning, which can cause forest fires.Some storms cause flooding, and major damage to homes and cities.Followers of the islam religion are called Muslims.These Muslims are praying inside a mosque.Muslims are called to prayer 5 times a day, beginning just before sunrise.Christianity is based on the teaching of Jesus Christ, who lived more than 2000 years ago.Christians believe that Jesus is the son of god.Christians often gather in churches or cathedrals to worship. Followers of Judaism are called Jews.These Jews are meeting inside the synagogue, which is a place of worship and study.Judaism was founded over 35 hundred years ago, in the middle east.Judaism is based on the teaching of Moses, who they believe is the most important prophet.Buddhism began in India and is based on the teachings of the Buddha.The religion is about 25 hundred years old.Some Buddhists practice a form of meditation in which they empty their minds of any thought.Hinduism is the world’s third most popular religion and is the main religion of India.Hinduism has no founder and is a mixture of many beliefs.Some Hindus believe in the cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth.Level4 Unit2 Part2 Vocabulary – ReligionsvFollowers of the islam religion are called Muslims.These Muslims are praying inside a Mosque.Muslims are called to prayer 5 times a day, beginning just before sunrise.Christianity is based on the teaching of Jesus Christ, who lived more than 2000 years ago.Christians believe that Jesus is the son of god.Christians often gather in churches or cathedrals to worship. Followers of Judaism are called Jews.These Jews are meeting inside a synagogue, which is a place of worship and study.Judaism was founded over 35 hundred years ago in the Middle East.Judaism is based on the teachings of Moses, who they believe is the most important prophet.Buddhism began in India and is based on the teachings of the Buddha. The religion is about 25 hundred years old.Some Buddhists practice a form of meditation in which they empty their minds of any thought.Hinduism is the world’s third most popular religion and is the main religion of India.Hinduism has no founder and is a mixture of many beliefs.Some Hindus believe in the cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth.Level4 Unit2 Part2 Dialogue - Missing AircraftDo you have any more information about the location of the missing aircraft?No, we don’t. The only information we have is that it disappeared. What about the last communication with the aircraft?The last communication was about 15 minutes before it disappeared. Was there anything unusual in the communication?No, there wasn't anything unusual.Nothing pointed to any kind of problem.Anyway, we are confident that we will find it.It’s a large aircraft so it shouldn’t be difficult to find.How many countries are helping with the search.Right now, we have search teams from 3 countries starting the search.It’s a big area to search, so can you give us an estimate about how long it will take.Yes, it’s a big area so it might take a long time.But we won’t give up.We will search until we find it.Have they found the wreckage yet?What are you talking about?You know, the airplane that disappeared last year.Oh, yes, now I know what you are referring to.Yes, they found some piece of it.What about the black boxes?No, they still haven’t found the black boxes.It’s hard to believe they still don’t know what happened.Perhaps they’ll never know, especially if they don’t fin d the black boxes.Whatever happened to it, there is no good reason why a modern airline is allowed to disappear.I agree with you.Level4 Unit2 Part3 Listening - Alcatraz 1Alcatraz is a small island in San Francisco Bay, 1.5 miles from San Francisco.From Alcatraz, you can see the famous Golden Gate Bridge.Alcatraz is also famous and is now a major tourist attraction.Tourists can reach the island by boat from the city.Alcatraz has often appeared in movies, including "Escape from Alcatraz" which was made in 1979.One reason it’s famous is because it used to be a prison, a very special prison.It was designed for prisoners who were causing trouble in other prisons, such as trying to escape.It was a maximum security prison, so escape was almost impossible.The waters around it are cold, and only very strong swimmers can swim from the island to San Francisco.The first group of prisoners arrived in 1934.There were 137 prisoners, including bank robbers and murderers.They came by train from another prison in the state of Kansas.During that trip there was heavy security.The prisoners were under guard and handcuffed.Nobody wanted them to escape.Level4 Unit2 Part3 Listening - Alcatraz 2The prison was designed to hold up to 336 prisoners.However the average population was only about 270.Although there were several notorious inmates, such as Al Capone, most of the inmates were not well-known.Many had tried to escape from other prisons or were considered violent.If a man did not behave at another prison, he could be sent to Alcatraz.At Alcatraz there was just one inmate in each prison cell.Prison life at Alcatraz was highly structured and boring.It was designed to teach prisoners to follow rules.They had four rights: food, clothing, shelter, and medical care.Everything else was a privilege that had to be earned.Privileges included working, visits from family members, and access to the prison library.There were also activities such as painting and music.Once a prisoner showed that he could follow the rules, he could be transferred back to another prison to finish his sentence.Alcatraz was used as a prison for 29 years.During that time, no prisoner escaped successfully.There were 14 escape attempts, involving 36 prisoners.Twenty-three were caught alive, and six were shot and killed.2 men tried to escape twice.2 drowned and 5 were listed as missing and presumed drowned.The most violent escape attempt occurred on May 2nd, 1946 when 6 prisoners tried to escape.That event is called the "Battle of Alcatraz."While it was in use, Alcatraz held some of the mostnotorious criminals in American history, such as Al Capone.Al Capone was a crime boss who built his career in Chicago.The prison was finally closed in 1963.It was closed because it was too expensive to operate.(No prisoner ever escaped from Alcatraz.)Level4 Unit2 Part3 Vocabulary - Graphs & ChartsA bar graph uses rectangular bars of different lengths to show and compare data.The lengths of the bars are proportional to the values they represent.The bars can be vertical, up and down, or horizontal.A circle graph, often called a pie graph, is shaped like a circle.It is divided into segments that look like pieces of a pie.Percentages are used to compare the segments, which are ordered from biggest to smallest.Line graphs are used to show the relationship between two variables, such as time and distance.These variables are plotted on 2 axes, the X-axis and the Y-axis.The X-axis often shows time while the Y-axis shows how quantities, such as distance, temperature or profits change with time.A flowchart is a type of graph that shows how a process or project flows from start to finish.A flow chart consists of start points, inputs, outputs and decision points.An organizational chart, or org chart shows the structure of a company.It shows how people and departments within a company are connected.It defines the roles and responsibilities of people and departments within a company.(Line graphs are very good at showing how things change over time.)(A flowchart shows how a process or project flows from start to finish.)Level4 Unit2 Part3 Vocabulary - Legal TermsLaws are rules that people are supposed to follow.A system of laws governs the behavior of people within a country. Criminals are people who break the law.People who commit a crime are called criminals.Some criminals are very dangerous and need to be put in jail.A jail or prison is a place where criminals are locked behind bars, sometimes for many years.Prisons are designed to keep criminals away from other people.A courthouse is where someone charged with committing acrime goes on trial.In court, evidence is presented to show the guilt or innocence of the person on trial.When someone breaks the law, they may be arrested by the police.To arrest someone means to take and hold them until they go on trial.(An action that is against the law is an illegal action.)(Someone who commits a crime may be sent to prison.)(When a person is charged with breaking a law ,they are tried in a court of law.)(An action that follows the law is a legal action.)Level4 Unit2 Part3 Dialogue - Currency Exchange May I help you, sir?I’d like to change some US dollars into Japanese yen, please.Yes, certainly sir.How much would you like to change?I’d like to change 500 dollars.May I see your passport please?I don’t have it with me, but I do have my driver’s license.Would that be OK?No, I'm sorry, sir.I need to see your passport, it’s the law.Look, I’m not asking for a loan.I just want to convert my dollars into yen.Why do I need my passport?I understand your frustration sir, but that’s the law.I can not do something that is illegal.OK, do you have any suggestions?Sure, the easiest thing for you to do is to use a machine in one of the hotels near here.You can borrow someone’s passport and then do the conversion.So the machine doesn’t check my fingerprints or anything like that?No, sir. But there is a limit as to how much you can change at one time.You also have to pay a higher fee.Thanks for your help.You’re welcome, sir.Level4 Unit2 Part4 Listening - AI Capone 1AI Capone was one of the most famous criminals in American history.He came from an immigrant family.His parents came from Italy, and his father was a barber.As a boy, he belonged to a street gang.He quit school after finishing the 6th grade.He built his career as a crime boss in Chicago.He became boss at 26 when the previous leader was nearly killed.His crime organization made a lot of money, more than 100 million dollars a year.Most of the money came from illegal activities, especially the sale of illegal liquor.His organization was also involved in gambling and prostitution.Capone was a flashy dresser who enjoyed being famous.He protected himself by bribing police and public officials.Though he was involved in the deaths of many, he was never convicted of a serious crime.When he was finally arrested, it was for minor crimes.In 1929, he and his bodyguard were arrested for carrying deadly weapons.For that they were sentenced to a year in prison.Capone was released in nine months for good behavior.(When he went out,he loved to be the center of attention.)(The largest portion of its income was from the illegal sales of liquor.)Level4 Unit2 Part4 Listening - AI Capone 2In 1930, Capone was Public Enemy No.1 in Chicago.A year later he was arrested for failure to pay taxes.The government had finally found a way to catch him.After a trial, he was found guilty and sentenced to 11 years in prison.He spent the first two years of his sentence at a prison in Atlanta, Georgia.Then he was sent to Alcatraz, the country's most famous prison.At Alcatraz, he was diagnosed with a disease that began to take over his brain.As a result, he spent much of his time in the prison hospital.By the time he was released from prison in 1939, he was no longer able to lead his organization.He died of a stroke and pneumonia in 1947.Level4 Unit2 Part4 Vocabulary - Economic Terms Income is money received for a work or from investments.For a company to survive, its income needs to be more than its expenses.People who earn a good salary can buy what they need to survive.A receipt is given to you after you have paid for something.A receipt is proof that you have paid for something.A receipt shows that something has been paid for.After paying for something, be sure to get a receipt.An invoice is a request for payments.An invoice lists the prices and products being bought.To invoice someone means to give them a bill for products or services.Once an invoice is paid, it can be used as a receipt.Taxes are what we pay to the government for government services.Taxes pay for many services, such as education, police, and health care.An income tax, is a tax on your income.In some countries, income taxes are very high.Interest is what we pay to lenders when we borrow money.If someone lends you money, you pay interest for the use of that money.（People pay taxes to pay for government services.）Level4 Unit2 Part4 Vocabulary - Personality Types Emotional people often show their feelings and have a bad temper. They make decisions based on the feelings more than facts. Sometimes these people make bad decisions because of their emotions. Leaders are people who take responsibility and are trusted by others. Good leaders make good decisions and get things done.In many situations, others look to them for leadership.Loyal people can be depended on to follow their leader.They will support and protect their leaders and friends.A strong team needs a good leader and loyal followers.Independent people can do things on their own.They often prefer working by themselves.Sometimes they have difficulty working in a group.Creative people come up with new ideas and ways of doing things.They often have a good imagination and can see things in different ways.Many artists and musicians are very creative.(Independent people may want to do things their own way.)(Loyal people will act to support the decisions of the group.)Level4 Unit2 Part4 Dialogue - A Video Project 1 Congratulations Lisa!Congratulations for what?We just heard the news.What news? Don't keep me in suspense.QuickServe has accepted your video proposal.Already？I just submitted it a week ago.Maybe so, but they like it so much that they made a quick decision. They want you to get started on it as soon as possible.That's great news. But I'm still working on some other projects.They need to be finished first.Can't you delay some of our other projects?I'm not sure, how important is this project?They are putting a lot of pressure on us now, especially since they read your proposal.They really like it.It's a very creative way of presenting their company.It had everybody laughing.Yes, that was the idea.It was fun to do, and our whole team thought it was funny.Well, great job.I think it's the best work your team has ever done.(She submitted her proposal a week ago.)(Everything depends on how important the project is.)(To delay something means to postpone it.)Level4 Unit2 Part4 Dialogue - A Video Project 2 When can you get started on the project?Are they going to pay extra?In my proposal, I said the earliest start date would be one month after signing the contract.Was that in the proposal?Yes, it was. Have they signed the contract yet?No, they haven't, but I'm sure they will right awayThey'll also need to make an advance payment.That was in the proposal, too.We can't stop everything else just because they are excited. OK, I'll get back to them and let them know.Yes, please do, I've been through this kind of thing before. (They want to get started earlier than what was in the proposal.)（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）。

懂你英语Level4Unit2Part3L4-U2-P3 英语流利说4-2-3 懂你英语Level4 Unit2 Part3L4-U2-P3-1 Listening : Alcatraz 1Alcatraz is a small island in San Francisco Bay , 1.5 miles from San Francisco.From Alcatraz, you can see the famous Golden Gate Bridge.Alcatraz is also famous and is now a major tourist attraction.Tourists can reach the island by boat from the city.What can people see from Alcatraz?- the Golden Gate Bridge Alcatraz has often appeared in movies, including 'Escape from Alcatraz' which was made in 1979.One reason it’s famous is because it used to be a prison, a very special prison.It was designed for prisoners who were causing trouble in other prisons, such as trying to escape.It was a maximum security prison, so escape was almost impossible.The waters around it are cold, and only very strong swimmers can swim from the island to San Francisco.What kind of prisoners was the prison designed for?-prisoners who were troublemakersOne reas on it’s famous is because it used to be a prison, a very special prison.The first group of prisoners arrived in 1934.There were 137 prisoners, including bank robbers and murderers.They came by train from another prison in the state of Kansas.During that trip, there was heavy security.The prisoners were under guard and handcuffed.Nobody wanted them to escape.Where did the first group of prisoners come from? -They came from Kansas.Nobody wanted them to escape, so there was heavy security.Tourists can reach the island by boat from the city.During that trip, there was heavy security.One reason it’s famous is because it used to be a prison, a very special prison.L4-U2-P3-2 Listening : Alcatraz 2The prison was designed to hold up to 336 prisoners.However, the average population was only about 270.Although there were several notorious inmates, such as Al Capone, most of the inmates were not well-known.Many had tried to escape from other prisons or were considered violent.If a man did not behave at another prison, he could be sent to Alcatraz.At Alcatraz, there was just one inmate in each prison cell.If a man did not behave at another prison, he could be sent to Alcatraz.Prison life at Alcatraz was highly structured and boring.It was designed to teach prisoners to follow rules.They had four rights: food, clothing, shelter and medical care.Everything else was a privilege that had to be earned.Privileges included working, visits from family members, and access to the prison library.There were also activities such as painting and music.Once a prisoner showed that he could follow the rules, he could be transferred back to another prison to finish his sentence.Everything else was a privilege that had to be earned.It was designed to teach prisoners to follow rules.Everything else was a privilege that had to be earned.Many had tried to escape from other prisons or were considered violent.At Alcatraz, there was just one inmate in each prison cell.Alcatraz was used as a prison for 29 years.During that time, no prisoner escaped successfully.There were 14 escape attempts, involving 36 prisoners.Twenty-three were caught alive, and six were shot and killed.Two men tried to escape twice.Two drowned and five were listed as missing and presumed drowned.The most violent escape attempt occurred on May 2nd, 1946 when six prisoners tried to escape.That event is called the 'Battle of Alcatraz'.(1) Alcatraz was used as a prison for 29 years.(2) During that time, no prisoner escaped successfully.(3) There were 14 escape attempts, involving 36 prisoners.(4) Twenty-three were caught alive, and six were shot and killed.There were 14 escape attempts, involving 36 prisoners.While it was in use, Alcatraz held some of the most notorious criminals in American history, such as Al Capone.Al Capone was a crime boss who built his career in Chicago.The prison was finally closed in 1963.It was closed because it was too expensive to operate.Al Capone was a crime boss who built his career in Chicago.It was closed because it was too expensive to operate.Alcatraz was used as a prison for 29 years.Two drowned and five were listed as missing and presumeddrowned.Once a prisoner showed that he could follow the rules, he could be transferred back to another prison to finish his sentence.L4-U2-P3-3 Vocabulary : Graphs & ChartsA bar graph(柱状图) uses rectangular bars of different lengths to show and compare data.The lengths of the bars are proportional to the values they represent.The bars can be vertical, up and down, or horizontal .A circle graph(圆形图，扇面图), often called a pie graph, is shaped like a circle.It is divided into segments that look like pieces of a pie.Percentages(百分率，百分比) are used to compare the segments which are ordered from biggest to smallest.Line graphs(曲线图，线状图) are used to show the relationship between two variables, such as time and distance.These variables are plotted on 2 axes, the x-axis and the y-axis.The x-axis often shows time while the y-axis shows how quantities, such as distance, temperature or profits change with time.A flowchart(流程图) is a type of graph that shows how a process or a project flows from start to finish.A flowchart consists of start points, inputs, outputs and decision points.An organizational chart(组织结构图), or org chart, show the structure of a company.It shows how people and departments within a company are connected.It defines the roles and responsibilities of people anddepartments within a company.Which type of graph shows the relationship between two variables, such as time and distance？-Line graphsWhat shows how people and departments within a company are connected? -Organizational chart.Which type of graph has segments that look like pieces of a pie?-Circle graph.What type of graph has vertical or horizontal bars?-Bar graph.Which type of graph includes decision points? -Flowchart.The lengths of the bars are proportional tothe values they represent.The x-axis often shows time while the y-axisshows how quantities, such as distance, temperature orprofits change with time.A flowchart is a type of graph that shows how a process or a project flows from start to finish.A circle graph, often called a pie graph, is shaped like a circle.A flowchart shows how a process or a project flows from start to finish.A line graph uses connected points to show how things are related to each other.In a flowchart, a decision point shows what happens when a decision is made.L4-U2-P3-3 Vocabulary : Legal TermsLaws are rules that people are supposed to follow.A system of laws governs the behavior of people within a country.Criminals are people who break the law.People who commit a crime are called criminals.Some criminals are very dangerous and need to be put in jail.A jail or prison is a place where criminals are locked behind bars, sometimes for many years.Prisons are designed to keep criminals away from other people.A courthouse is where someone charged with committing acrime goes on trial.In court, evidence is presented to show the guilt or innocence of the person on trial.When someone breaks the law, they may be arrested by the police.To arrest someone means to take and hold them until they go on trial.When is someone sentenced to break the law? -When someone breaks the law, they may be arrested and put on trial.Who are often dangerous and need to be put in jail? -CriminalsWhen do someone go to stand on trial?-A courthouse is where someone charged with committing a crime goes on trial.What may happen to someone who breaks the law? -If someone breaks the law, they may be arrested and put on trial.What governs and helps people are supposed to act? -A system of laws governs the behavior of people within a country.If someone breaks the law, they may be arrested and puton trial.An action that is against the law is an illegal action.People who commit a crime are called criminals.An action that is against the law is an illegal action.Someone who commits a crime may be sent to prison.People who commit a crime are called criminals.When a person is charged with breaking a law, they are triedin a court of law.A jail or prison is a place where criminals are locked behind bars, sometimes for many years.L4-U2-P3-5 Dialogue : Currency ExchangeW: May I help you, sir?M: I’d like to change some US dollars into Japanese yen, please.W: Yes, certainly sir. How much would you like to change?M: I’d like to change 500 dollars.W: May I see your passport please?M: I don’t have it with me, but I do have my driver’s license. Would that be OK?W: No, I'm sorry, sir. I need to see your passport, it’s the law.M: Look, I’m not asking for a loan. I just want to convert my dollars into yen. Why do I need my passport?W: I understand your frustration sir, but that’s the law.I can not do something that is illegal.If something is illegal, it is against the law.If someone is frustrated they are a bit irritated.M: OK, do you have any suggestions?W: Sure, the easiest thing for you to do it is to use a machine in one of the hotels near here. You can borrow some one’s passport and then do the conversion.M: So the machine doesn’t check my fingerprints or anything like that?W: No, sir. But there is a limit as to how much you can change at one time. You also have to pay a higher fee.M: Thanks for your help.W: You’re welcome, sir.(1) May I help you, sir?(2) I’d l ike to change some US dollars into Japanese yen, please.(3)Yes, certainly sir. How much would you like to change?(4) I’d like to change 500 dollars.(1) Look, I’m not asking for a loan. I just want to convert my dollars into yen.(2) Why do I need my passport?(3) I understand your frustration sir, but that’s the law.(4) I can not do something that is illegal.May I see your passport please?Look, I’m not asking for a loan.OK, do you have any suggestions?I don’t have it with me, but I do have my driver’s license.I’d like to change some US dollars into Japanese yen, please.。

流利说_懂你英语_Level4_UnitLevel4 Unit2 Part1 Listening - Extinction Events 1The Earth was formed about 4.6 billion years ago.The first life appeared about a billion years later.The first plants didn't appear until around 2 billion years ago.Until about 580 million years ago, life forms were small and microscopic. Since that time, life has evolved into many different types, or species. However, scientists estimate that more than 99% of them are now extinct.There have been several extinction events in the history of the Earth.In an extinction event many life forms, or species of life, die out.The causes of mass extinction events are unsolved mysteries.These events are not predictable and can happen at any time.Scientists think that some of them were started by asteroid impacts or volcanic eruptions.Events like these can change the global conditions that life depends on.One major extinction event happened about 66 million years ago.That event may have been started by a large asteroid that hit the Earth.As a result, the dinosaurs and about half of all species on the planet died out. When the asteroid hit the earth, it started a chain of events.A chain of events is a series of events linked together, like a chain.This particular chain of events happened over a period ofmonths and years.When the asteroid hit the Earth, it caused a huge cloud of dust to enter the atmosphere.This cloud of dust blocked the sun and darkened the Earth for many months.Without enough sunlight, plants and plant-eating animals quickly died.With the deaths of so many plants and animals, the food chain collapsed.This led to the deaths of many more species.Mass extinction events have played an important part in the evolution of life.In fact, some extinction events have helped to accelerate evolution.For example, some mammals lived through the age of the dinosaurs, but they couldn't compete.When the dinosaurs were removed, the mammals were able to compete more successfully.Once they could compete, mammals evolved to a higher state.Without extinction events, perhaps we wouldn't be here today.Level4 Unit2 Part1 Listening - Extinction Events 2Scientists estimate that there have been at least 5 mass extinctions in the last 540 million years.They also believe that we have entered a new extinction event.Species are becoming extinct at a much faster rate than before.Instead of asteroids or volcanic eruptions, the current eventis the result of human activities.Human activities, for example, have led to global warming.Global warming is the result of an increase in carbon gases in our atmosphere. These gases trap heat from the sun, so the Earth is getting warmer.As a result, sea levels are rising and weather patterns are changing.In addition, we humans are destroying the habitats of many plants and animals. Cutting down forests and polluting rivers destroys the habitats of many forms of life.There is no longer any doubt that this is happeningSpecies of life are disappearing at an increasing rate.Global temperatures are rising and weather patterns are changing.Scientists are warning us that fast action is necessary to save our future.If we don't act, we may go the way of the dinosaurs.(This new extinction event is caused by humans.)Level4 Unit2 Part1 Vocabulary - Body SystemsThe body's circulatory system includes the heart and blood vessels.The heart pumps blood to all parts of the body through a network of arteries and veins.The digestive system breaks down and absorbs food into the body.It supplies the energy that the body needs for growth and repair.After digestion, excess food is turned into waste and eliminated from the body. The nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord and nerves.This is your body's control system.It controls your muscles and organs, including your circulatory and digestive systems.The respiratory system includes the nose and lungs.It brings air and oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide.The lungs are where oxygen enters the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is removed.The immune system protects the body against infections and diseases.Sneezing and fever are examples of how the immune system works.If an infection invades the body, the immune system attacks it.(The blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart are called arteries.)(The digestive system is where food is broken down and absorbed into the body.)(The nervous system regulates your heartbeat and digestion.) Level4 Unit2 Part1 Vocabulary - Great DiscoveriesThe controlled use of fire allowed people to cook food and survive in the colder climates.Fire provided light so that people could work and socialize for longer hours.With the invention of agriculture, people could grow food and settle into communities.By growing food, people could spend less time hunting and more time for other things such as art.The domestication of animals allowed people to raise and use animals for food and work.By raising herds of animals such as sheep, humans had a regular supply of meat and clothing.The strength of animals such as horses and oxen was used for work and transportation.The development of tools and machines has resulted in more efficient manufacturing and construction.With better tools and machines, work can be done with fewer people and at much lower costs.The development of science and engineering has improved many things, including communications.With an understanding of electricity, telephones and radios allow people to communicate over long distances.(Science and engineering have changed the way we communicate with each other.)(With the development of agriculture, people had more time for other activities.)(The use of machines has reduced the number of people needed to make things.)Level4 Unit2 Part1 Dialogue - Smartphone AddictionI took a vacation last night.What are you talking about?Where did you take your vacation?I didn't go anywhere.I just spent an evening without my smartphone.How was it?It was great. I got a real magazine and read it with no interruption.It was very peaceful.Yes, I haven't done that in a long time.You know what?I'm beginning to hate smartphones.Really? but you can't live without one, right?Yes, that's the problem.These things are changing the way people live.Yes, I just saw a documentary about that.A husband was complaining to his wife that she was spending too much time on her smartphone.What happened? Did they get a divorce?You guessed it. In the end, they got a divorce.It's a bit ironic, don't you think?Smartphone were supposed to bring people together, but they are pulling people apart.Yes, you are right.Hey, just a minute. I've got a message on my smartphone, and it can't wait. Level4 Unit2 Part1 Dialogue - Rude Boss Hey, wake up and get back to work.What's wrong with you?I'm on my break sir, and I have a bad headache.Well, we are not paying you to sleep.If you're going to sleep, sleep someplace else.Yes, sir, sorry, it won't happen again.It had better not.Just a minute.Don't talk to me like that.What did you say?You hurt me. you don't have to treat people like that.Well, if you don't like it, I suggest you leave.OK, I will. I've had enough of you.I'll get a job somewhere else.(The manager treats the employees in a threatening manner.)(The employee treats the manager respectfully.)Level4 Unit2 Part2 Listening - Point of View 1This man is holding a piece of fruit in his hand.The piece of fruit is either an orange or an apple.We can’t see which it is because we can’t see ins ide the box.The probability that it is an orange is equal to the probability that it is an apple. It may be an apple, and it may be an orange.It’s got to be one or the other.It can’t be anything else.Now let’s look at it from the man’s point of view.From his point of view, the probabilities are different.From his point of view, the probability that he has an orange is 100% or 0%. That’s because he knows what he has.For him there is no uncertainty.If he has an orange, the probability is 100%.If he doesn’t have an orange, the probability is 0%.He either has it or he doesn’t.From our point of view, the probability that he has an orange is 50%.From his point of view, the probability that he has an orange is 100% or 0%.So the probability depends on your point of view.。

英语流利说懂你英语Level4 Unit1 Part1 Listening-Visiting a Friend1 Cristina is on a two week vacation.This is the first vacation she has had for a long time.The last vacation she took was more than two years ago.Now she is visiting a friend in San Francisco.Her friend and her husband are living near the center of the city.He works for a start-up company in SiliconValley.While he is working, she works part-time at a department store.Christina hasn't seen her friend for a long time.The last time they saw each other was three years ago.At that time, they were both working at a department store.Then Christina quit her job, and started her own business.She designs women's clothing.She has two employees now, and her company is slowly growing.Christina has come to San Francisco by herself.Her husband didn't come because he has to work.He tried to start a company two years ago, but it didn't work out. His company failed after only a few months.So now he is working at another company and saving money. Once he saves enough money, he plans to start another company. He doesn't want to give up.This is the second time Christina has been to San Francisco.The first time was when she was a high school student.That was more than ten years ago.During that trip, she was only in San Francisco for a few days. After that she went to Los Angeles and NewYork.This time she and her friend plan to relax and have fun.v1.0可编辑可修改英语流利说懂你英语Level4 Unit1 Part1 Listening-Visiting a Friend2Christina arrived 2 days ago, the day before yesterday.Her friend met her at the air port and drove her to her apartment.Her apartment is just north of the airport, about 20 minutes from SanFrancisco.It's a small apartment, but it's on a hill and it has a great view.Yesterday they went down town and rode the cable cars.Christina was surprised by how steep the hills are.Then they walked along the ocean and ate lunch at a seafood restaurant. From the restaurant, they could see the Golden Gate Bridge.Tomorrow they are planning to drive to Yosemite National Park. By car it's about 4 hours away.Christina has never been there before, so she is excited.She has heard that the park is very beautiful.Her friend has been to Yosemite several times.She says it's one of the most beautiful places in the world.Christina just hopes that her friend is a good driver英语流利说懂你英语Level4 Unit1 Part1 Vocabulary-Pains and Sickness Headaches can be very painful and can last for a long time.If you have a headache, your head hurts.A sprained ankle can be so painful that you can't walk.Someone with a sprained ankle may need to use crutches to walk.If you have a sore throat it may be painful to swallow.A sore throat can be caused by viruses or bacteria.A burn is an injury to the skin caused by fire or heat.If you get too close to a fire, you will be burnt.An earache is a sharp, dull or burning pain in the ear.Commoncauses of an earache include an infection, a changing air pressure, or water in the ear.英语流利说懂你英语Level4 Unit1 Part1 Vocabulary-LandformsMountains are landforms higher than 2000 feet or about 600 metersabove sea level.Hills are like mountains but not as tall.Mountains are formed by forces deep within the earth, and are madeof many types of rocks.Rivers are streams of water that usually begin in mountains and flow into sea.Many early cities were built alongside rivers.Most of the world's water is in the oceans which are large bodies of salt water.The oceans are also an important source of oxygen.Deserts are areas of land that receive very little or no rainfall.The amount of rainfall in some deserts is so low that only a fewplants can survive.A valley is a low relatively flat area between hills or mountains, oftenwith a river running through it.Somevalleys are formed by flowing water and others are formed by glaciers.6v1.0可编辑可修改英语流利说懂你英语Level4 Unit1 Part1Dialogue-Eating OutHave you eaten yetNo, I haven't. And I'm hungry.Me too. Let's go out for dinner.Where toWhat about Joe's ItalianHow many times have you eaten thereI eat there a lot.It's one of my favorite places.I went there two weeks ago, and the service was terrible.Really Then, let's go some place else.What do you suggestHow about the Royal IndianIt's not far from here.I've never heard of it. Is it goodYes. I've been there several times and I've never been disappointed.v1.0可编辑可修改OK, let's try it.I haven't eaten Indian food for a long time.You won't be disappointed and the prices are reasonable.Ah, so you mean I'm going to pay.Well, that will certainly be nice.What about reservationsIf we get there early enough, we won't need them.I hope you're right.Don't worry.If we have to wait, I'll pay the bill.。

懂你英语Level4Unit2Part4L4-U2-P4 英语流利说4-2-4 懂你英语Level4 Unit2 Part4L4-U2-P4-1 Listening : Al Capone 1AI Capone was one of the most famous criminals in American history. He came from an immigrant family.His parents came from Italy, and his father was a barber.As a boy, he belonged to a street gang.He quit school after finishing the 6th grade.Where were his parents come from?-They came from Italy.He built his career as a crime boss in Chicago.He became boss at 26 when the previous leader was nearly killed.His crime organization made a lot of money, more than $100 million a year.Most of the money came from illegal activities, especially the sale of illegal liquor.His organization was also involved in gambling and prostitution. Gambling and prostitution are both illegal activities.How did his crime organization made its money? -They were involved in many illegal activities.Capone was a flashy dresser who enjoyed being famous.He protected himself by bribing police and public officials.Though he was involved in the deaths of many, he was never convicted of a serious crime.When he was finally arrested, it was for minor crimes.In 1929, he and his bodyguard were arrested for carrying deadly weapons.For that they were sentenced to a year in prison.Capone was released in nine months for good behavior.Why wasn't he ever convicted of a serious crime?-He bribed police and public officials.Why were he and his bodyguard arrested and sentenced to prison?-They were caught carrying deadly weapons.He came from an immigrant family.Capone was a flashy dresser who enjoyed being famous.AI Capone was one of the most famous criminals in American history.He protected himself by bribing police and public officials.L4-U2-P4-2 Listening : Al Capone 2In 1930, Capone was Public Enemy No.1 in Chicago.A year later he was arrested for failure to pay taxes.The government had finally found a way to catch him.After a trial, he was found guilty and sentenced to 11 years in prison.He spent the first two years of his sentence at a prison in Atlanta, Georgia.Then he was sent to Alcatraz, the country's most famous prison.The government had finally found a way to catch him.At Alcatraz, he was diagnosed with a disease that began to take over his brain.As a result, he spent much of his time in the prison hospital.By the time he was released from prison in 1939, he was no longer able to lead his organization.He died of a stroke and pneumonia in 1947.What began to take over his brain? - a serious disease(1) At Alcatraz, he was diagnosed with a disease that began to take over his brain.(2) As a result, he spent much of his time in the prisonhospital.(3) By the time he was released from prison in 1939, he was no longer able to lead his organization.(4) He died of a stroke and pneumonia in 1947.A year later he was arrested for failure to pay taxes.He was sent to prison for tax evasion.At Alcatraz, he was diagnosed with a disease that began to take over his brain.When he went out, he wanted to the center of attention.L4-U2-P4-3 Vocabulary : Economic T ermsIncome is money received for work or from investments.For a company to survive, its income needs to be more than its expenses.People who earn a good salary can buy what they need to survive.A receipt is given to you after you have paid for something.A receipt is proof that you have paid for something.A receipt shows that something has been paid for.After paying for something, be sure to get a receipt.An invoice is a request for payment.An invoice lists the prices and products being bought.To invoice someone means to give them a bill for products or services.Once an invoice is paid, it can be used as a receipt.Taxes are what we pay to the government for government services.Taxes pay for many services, such as education, police and health care.An income tax is a tax on your income.In some countries, income taxes are very high.Interest is what we pay to lenders when we borrow money.If someone lends you money, you pay interest for the use of that money.What do people get for doing work?-Income.What do you get to show that you have paid for something?-A receipt.What is the request for payment?-An invoice.What do government collect to pay for their services?-T axes.What do people have to pay when they when they gat aloan?-Interest.For a company to survive, its income needs to be more than its expenses.An invoice lists the prices and products being bought.Taxes pay for many services, such as education, police and health care.A receipt is proof that you have paid for something.An invoice is a request for payment.Once an invoice is paid, it can be used as a receipt.Income is money received for a work or from investments.Taxes are what we pay to the government for government services.People pay taxes to pay for government services.L4-U2-P4-4 Vocabulary : Personality TypesEmotional people often show their feelings and have a bad temper. They make decisions based on the feelings more than facts. Sometimes these people make bad decisions because of their emotions. Leaders are people who take responsibility and are trusted by others. Good leaders make good decisions and get things done.In many situations, others look to them for leadership.Loyal people can be depended on to follow their leader.They will support and protect their leaders and friends.A strong team needs a good leader and loyal followers. Independent people can do things on their own.They often prefer working by themselves.Sometimes they have difficulty working in a group.Creative people come up with new ideas and ways of doing things.They often have a good imagination and can see things in different ways.Many artists and musicians are very creative.What kind of people have special imagination?-Creative people. What kind of people will always support and protect their leader and group?-Loyal people.What kind of people prefer working alone? -Independent people.What kind of people can't control their emotions?-Emotional people.What kind of people do people like to follow?-Leaders.Emotional people often show their feelings and have abad temper.Good leaders make good decisions and get things done.Loyal people can be depended on to follow their leader. Good leaders make good decisions and get things done.They will support and protect their leaders and friends. Independent people can do things on their own.Emotional people often show their feelings and have a bad temper. Leaders are people who take responsibility and are trusted by others.L4-U2-P4-5 Dialogue : A Video Project(M: Manager L: Lisa)M: Congratulations, Lisa!L: Congratulations for what?M: We just heard the news.L: What news? Don't keep me in suspense.M: Quick Serve has accepted your video proposal.L: Already? I just submitted it a week ago.M: Maybe so, but they like it so much that they made a quick decision. They want you to get started on it as soon as possible.Why is Lisa being congratulated?-Her proposal was accepted.L: That's great news. But I'm still working on some other projects. They need to be finished first.M: Can't you delay some of our other projects?L: I'm not sure, how important is this project?M: They are putting a lot of pressure on us now, especially since they read your proposal. They really like it. It's a very creative way of presenting their company. It had everybody laughing.L: Yes, that was the idea. It was fun to do, and our whole team thought it was funny.M: Well, great job.L: I think it's the best work your team has ever done.What may need to be delayed?-Some of their other projects What does the schedule depend on?-It depends on how important the project is.They are putting a lot of pressure on us now,especially since they read your proposal.Can't you delay some of our other projects?It's a very creative way of presenting their company.She submitted her proposal a week ago.They want you to get started on it as soon as possible.I think it's the best work your team has ever done.L4-U2-P4-6 Dialogue : A Video Project 2M: When can you get started on the project?L: Are they going to pay extra? In my proposal, I said the earliest start date would be one month after signing the contract.M: Was that in the proposal?L: Yes, it was. Have they signed the contract yet?M: No, they haven't, but I'm sure they will right away.The proposal said that the earlieststart date would be one month after signing the contract.L: They'll also need to make an advance payment. That was in the proposal, too. We can't stop everything else just because they are excited.M: OK, I'll get back to them and let them know.L: Yes, please do, I've been through this kind of thing before.To get back to them means to contact them.Are they going to pay extra?I've been through this kind of thing before.They'll also need to make an advanced payment.We can't stop everything else just because they are excited.They want to get started earlier than what was in the proposal.。

懂你英语Level4 Unit 3 Part1it 3-1 listening时间花费Look at these 2 pie graphs. They show how these 2 people spend their days, not including weekends. The one on the top shows how Emma divides up her days. She is a designer who works for a company. As Emma's graph shows, the biggest portion部分of her day is spent working.She works an average of 8 hours a day, which is one third of her day.She gets an average of 6 hours to sleep which is 25% of her day. That's less sleep than Martin gets. According to his graph, he gets an average of 7 hours to sleep which is about 29% of his day.On the other hand, Martine who is engineer, works more hours than Emma does.Martine average 9 hours a day at work compare to Emma's 8. That's 37.5% compare to 33%.Other factors shown in the graph included time for meals and commuting to work.Other activities include getting dress and doing household chores such as doing laundry and paying bills.As you can see, for Martin, commuting is taking a large amount of his time.If he could reduce his commute time, he will have more time for other things. And it isn't just the time.When the traffic is really heavy his commute is stressful.He life will be more enjoyable. It will be great if he can work from home one or two days a week. And we look at Emma's graph, we see she probably needs more sleep.Perhaps, she should spend a bit less time socializing with her friends.On the other hand, socializing with her friend is something she really values.As for putting on makeup, she isn't willing to change that.For her, exercising, socializing and staying beautiful help her deal with the stressful work.In conclusion, Emma and Martin both wish there were more hours in a day.This next graph shows how various factors compare important to 1350 jobs applicants.Applicants were between 20 to 25 years ago.They were asked to list which factors were most important for a good job.As the graph shows, money was the most important factor for 25% of the applicants.However, other factors are also important. The second most important factor was the work environment.In other words, for many, money is everything.People want to like where they work.In fact, if we combine working environment and co-workers, the total is 35%.This is well above the 25% for salary and benefits.Taking together, they are more important than salary and benefits.Career path is also important especially for younger applicants.They want to see that their job helps to build a successful career.For older workers, this may not be as important.Older workers often put the higher value on the balance between life and work. What do you think.领土、军事、政治、政权状态it 3-1 vocabulary The government of a country is a controlsystem.Governments make laws and provide services to their citizens.. 领土?/'t?rt?ri/ territory The land over which a government has controlled, is its ? boundaries A country's territory has /'bandri/ or borders.1When you leave or enter a country's territory, you usually need a passport.The territory of a country is defined by its boundaries.A country's military provides defense for its territory and its citizens.The military includes an army, an air force and a navy.The main purpose of a military, is to defend a country from attack.A country's criminal justice system includes the police, courts and prisons.Its purpose is to enforce the law and protect the people from criminal activities.A country social services system provides support to people in need.It provides basic health care services and helps poor people support their children.-----------------------------------------------------------------Anarchy /'?n?ki/ n.混乱;无政府状态;无秩序autocracy /?'tɑkr?si/ n.独裁;独裁统治;独裁政府;独裁政体Oligarchy /'ɑl?'gɑrki/ n.寡头统治的政府;寡头政治的执政集团;寡头统治的国家--------------------------------------------------------------------------A state of anarchy exits when a country has no effective government.In anarchy, there is nobody to make decisions or enforce the laws.An autocracy is the simplest form of government.In an autocracy, the government is controlled by single individual, known as autocrat.Whether or not an autocracy is successful, depends on the character and ability of the leader.In an oligarchy, a small group of people controls the government.Membership in this group often depends on family connection, wealth or military power.In a republic, individuals are elected to represent the citizens.The power of government in a republic is limited by a constitution.A constitution is a written document that makes the rules for a government to follow.This limits the power of a government.A constitution defines the relationship between the government and its citizens.it 3-1 dialogue谈论工作I hear you lost your job, is that right?Yes, that's right. I quit. I quit because the way my boss treats people.What happen.I wasn't feeling good one day and he yelled at me. While I told him not to yell at对...吼叫me, he threatened me.Is that all. That's what bosses do.Sure, sometime maybe. But my treated everyone badly and I was tired of it. It was the less *The last str ?Yes, it reached the point where I couldn't take it anymore.I see. So now you don't have a job.Right, I don't have a job.But at least I don't have to deal with my boss thing. What are you going to do now?To be honest, I'm not sure. but I'll fine something. I'll get a job even if it pays less than before.Are you sorry for your quit.Yes and no. I guess I should have found another job first and then quit.Why didn't you.As I said, he pushed me too far. There were some things that I just won't take.2What about your wife.She isn't happy that I don't have a job but she understands. She knows I have temper.And she knows I wasn't happy working there.Well, I get some luck. My job isn't great. but I like the people I'm working with and I like my manager. Are you planning to stay there?I don't know.For now, it's ok. But of course it all depends on how things change.Well if you hear of any job openings, let me know, OK.Sure, send me your resume and I'll let people know you're looking.Thanks.it 3-2 listening朗朗Lang Lang is one of the world's greatest concert /'kɑns?t/ pianist.His first contact with western music was when he was just 2 years old.He watched the canton/'k?nt?n/ in which a cat played a famous piece by Franz Liszt 弗朗兹·李斯特（匈牙利作曲家）. From this experience, he decided he wanted to learn to play piano.When he was 3 and a half years ago, he started piano lessons.2 years later, he won first place in the piano competition.This early success gave his father great hope that Lang Land will became the world greatest pianist.When Lang Lang was 9 years ago, his father quit his job and took him to Beijing.They left everything behind including his mother who had to work.Lang Lang didn't want to leave her behind but his father insisted.His father wanted him to study at famous Central Conservatory of Music 中央音乐学院.When they moved to Beijing, they rented a flat in a poor area of the city.During this time, Lang Lang practiced several hours a day.They started practicing at 5 o'clock which upset his neighbors.They would often pound on敲打his door and ask him to stop practicing.They were so angry that he often feared that they would beat him up毒打.Lang Lang usually had piano lessons once a week to prepare for the conservatory /k?n's?v?t?ri/音乐学校.Nearly 2000 students were applying for just 12 places at the conservatory.His lessons were expensive and very difficult, especially because of his piano teacher.His music teacher didn't like Lang Lang.He called his teacher professor Angry because she always gave him a hard time.One afternoon, his teacher told him he had no talent and told him to go home.Hearing the news, his father screamed and seemed to lose his mind.His father told him that everything was destroyed and there was no reason to live.He ordered Lang Lang to jump off 跳下来the 11th-floor balcony.After this, Lang Lang almost went crazy. He didn't want to play the piano anymore.For several months, he neither played the piano nor spoke to his father.Then some friends encouraged him to play a piece for them and he realized his great love of piano. 3For the next 19 months, he practiced hard and his father encouraged him.Finally, when he was ten, he was accepted into the Conservatory with a full scholarship.In 1995, when he was 13 years old, he played music by show * at Beijing concert hall.In that same year, he won first place at an international competition for young musicians in Japan. When he was 15, he moved to the United States and began to study with the famous pianist at C institute.Since then, he career has grown and he has become a major star.One of the American music critics called him the biggest most exiting key of talent I haven't encountered many ayear of attention piano recycles.In 2010, Lang Lang signed a recalling contract for several million dollars.In 2011, he performed at white house for president Obama of United States and Hu Jintao of China. With all of his success and fame, Lang Lang tries to encourage others.He uses his fame to spread the popularity of classic music and encourage young musicians.And in the end, Lang Lang and his father have rebuilt their relationship.In his autobiography自传, Mr. Lang dedicated the book to his mother and father.it 3-2 vocabulary财务、地理A person debt is how much he or she owes to others.Debt can be in the form of money, products and services owes to someone else.If you borrow money, they were taking on new debt.An asset is something that has value, such as money, property or even a nice personality. Assets can be used to pay off debts.Specialized /'sp'la?zd/ knowledge or skills are also assets that can be used to get a job or earn money.Real estate is properties such as land, houses and buildings.Buying, selling or renting property is the business of real estate.Buying or selling real estate is popular for investments.Inventory is a detail list of items in one's possession /p?'zn/.In business, one's inventory is the supply of items that are ready for sale.If a store runs out of the things for sale, it needs to resupply再供应its inventory.An investment is the purchase of assets with the hope that its value will increase.A good investment can produce income, such as rent income.If the value of that assets falls, the investment will lose money.------------------------------------------------------------------China is the second largest country in the world by land area.A major issue for China is the continuing持续的expansion of its desserts which had led the dust storms eachspring. Many of the world most polluted cities are located there.Asia is referred to as Indian sub-continent.It's called the sub-continent 次大陆because it separated from the rest of Asia by mountains and sea. It's one of world's poorest region with about 75% of the poor living in rural areas.Europe is western neighbor of Asia. It's separated from Asia by Ural Mountains乌拉尔which extent for 1500miles in the north south direction from the Antarctic /?nt?ɑrkt?k/ ocean.The Philippines is the only country in Asia with a majority of Christians /'kr?st??n/.4The Philippines is an island Nation with over 7000 islands. It's located on the south China sea.The country's capital city is Manila马尼拉.Asia is the world largest continent covering about 30% of the earth land area.Several island nations are also a part of Asia, including Japan.The world's tallest mountain is in Asia, including Mount Everest埃佛勒斯峰.it 3-2 dialogue谈论投票选举Hey, have you decided how you're going to vote？Not, I haven't. I don't like any kind of candidates.So you aren't going to vote.Mu. I don't know. Probably not. It seems like a waste of time.Really, why do you think of a waste of time？Have you listened to any of their speeches?Yes, I have and I agree that their speeches aren't very good.Exactly. I can't believe anything they say. They are just saying what they think we want to hear. Sure, you want to get elected. I admit that the system isn't perfect and it's always have .Whether I vote or not won't make a difference. It's all the show.Well, I think you should vote. Do a little research about the candidates.Have you?Yes, I have. I have looked into their backgrounds and their education.How can that help?For example, if they know something about science, it could help the government make a better decision aboutissues such as climate change.Yes, that's good point. We need well-educated people make decisions.And I look to see what kind of people are supporting them.What issues do you think are most important?I guess for me, pollution, housing and taxes are important.I want to know how government plans to deal with these issues.Yes, I agree with you. Maybe I will vote, especially if we could get together and talk more about it. What about dinner tomorrow night?Sorry, I'm busy tomorrow night.Oh, that's too bad. Do you have any time in the next few days? I will take you to a nice restaurant. Actually, I'm quite busy. But I may have time Sunday afternoon. We can have lunch someone near the office.Sure, that was for me. I will give you a call on Saturday and we can decide the details, ok?OK, I will be looking forward to seeing which candidate you support.L4 Unit 3-3 listening 蜜蜂、蜂农与环境Honeybees play an interesting and important role in nature.In additional to making honey, honeybees help many plants reproduce.They do this by pollinating the plant which means to transfer pollen.Pollination授粉occurs when pollen/'pɑl?n/ 花粉is moved within a plant's flower or carried to another flower.This is how the plant reproduce.For reproduction to succeed, the pollen must be transferred from the male part of the flower to the female part.Many plants depend on the pollen for reproduction. This included many fruits and vegetables.5Beside honeybees, there are many other pollinators including birds, insects and other kind of bees. Without enough pollinators, many of our favorite fruits and vegetable will become more expensive and hard to find.This included almonds and cherries.Honeybee are important pollinators and play an important role in agriculture.Beekeepers are people who keep honeybees.In addition to collecting honey, some beekeepers provide pollination services for farmers.They do this by raising and managing colonies殖民地of bees.Farmers need colonies to pollinate their crops.Beekeepers can provide and manage of bee colonies to farmers.Honeybees are social insects that live in colonies.A bee colony consists of a queen bee, male drones 雄蜂and thousands of male worker bees. Each colony also contains eggs and immature未成熟的bees in various stage of development. The number of bees within a colony depends on the seasonal changes.A colony's population increases during the warm season and decreases during the colder season.In recent year, many bee colonies have collapsed or disappeared.A bee colony collapses occurs when a majority of bee in colony disappear and leave behind the queen.Some beekeepers have reported losing 30 to 90 % of their colonies.This loss of bee colonies can cause significant problems for farmers who depend on them to pollinate their crops.In some parts of the world, a shortage of bees has increased the cost of renting bees by up to 20%.There are several possible causes for bee colony collapse. One possible collapse is the use of new pesticides农药.Other possible causes include infections from viruses, genetic factors遗传因素and malnutrition（营养不良）.Changing weather patterns may also play a role as summers get hotter and winters get colder.These changes in weather may weaken the bees, making it more difficult for them to fight infections. Whatever the causes of colony collapse, it's important to understand that many parts of our world are interdependent.Changes that effect on one species may have serious effects on other species.A change to our environment, can start a chain of event that is difficult to predict.In any complex system such as the earth environment, small changes can cause a un consequences. The danger of un consequences is something that we all need to understand better.L4 Unit 3-3 vocabulary 商品、服务和工作Goods and services supply what people need or want.Goods are things such food and clothing.Services included things such as health care and police protection.A country needs natural and human resources.Natural resources include fresh water supplies, farmland and energy sources such as oil and wind. Human resources includes a skilled workforce that can produce goods and services.Once we had supplies of goods and services, they need to distribute throughout the country.6Highways and railways are both way to transport thing from one part of country to another. Electricity are distributed through a system of transmition lines.We live in an age of advertising.Advertising lets people know about goods and services.It educates people about a product being advertised.Trade allows for the exchange of goods and services between different countries.Exports are goods and services that are sold to another country.Imports are goods and services that are brought from other country.For example, many countries import oil from countries such as Saudi Arabia 沙特阿拉伯.Employees are the people who work for a company.Some employees do basic work such as operating a machine or driving a track.People who hire and direct the work of other are managers.Interview is one way to find out about a person who applies for a job.In an interview, the applicants can ask question about a company and company can find out about a person's skillsand experience.An entrepreneur is someone who starts a company.Entrepreneurs often have new ideas and ways of doing things that can give company advantage. Salary and benefits are used to attract new employees into a company.If the salary and benefits are good enough, employees may take a job and stay with the company. Benefits includes vacation time, health insurance and bonuses for employees who do a good job.When apply for job, it's important to have skills and experience needed for the job.Developing and increasing skills and experience is good way to prepare for a job.Each job a person has is an opportunity to learn new things and develop new skills.Advertises try to increase to the demand for a product or service.Education and training are ways to develop a skilled workforce unforeseenL4 Unit 3-3 dialogue 谈论租房与房东You don't look good, is something bothering you？Yes, it's my landlord房东.Oh, is it something wrong with your flat.No, that's not something wrong with the flat. But I'm going to have to move out.Why did you have to move out?For the last 2 month, a friend has been staying with me. She stayed until she could find a job.That's nice of you.Yes, but I'm not supposed to have anyone staying there.Was that in the rental agreement？Yes, it was. It's ok if a friend stays for a few days but not for more than that.So you broke the agreement even though it was for a good reason.Anyway, one of my neighbors told the landlords about my friend. So now I'm in trouble. The landlord is angry andsays she can't trust me.7That's ridiculous.I told her about my friend and how I'm trying to help her, but she doesn't care.Wow, she doesn't sound very nice.That's right, she isn't nice. She's just interested in money. In fact, she is going to keep my security deposit 押金.How can she do that？Nothing is damaged, right.Right, everything in the flat is fine.She's keeping the deposit because I broke the rental agreement.What about your rent？Yes , that's another problem. I already pay 3 months rent so I hope I can get it back.What can you do if she doesn't return it？I don't know. I told to my agent. He's nice and maybe he can help.Maybe I should refuse to leave the flat until I get it back.Be sure to take picture of your flat.What for?Just to show the condition of your flat. Then she can't say your friend damaged it anyway.Good idea. She's a small-minded心胸狭窄的, evil woman. I should never have rented it from her in the first place.L4 Unit 3-4 listening 职业What kind of career is the best and what kind of qualification?One of most popular careers for kids is the to become an astronaut.Many kids dream of going space when they grow up.They dream of work on a space station or exploring deep space.To become an astronaut, it's important to have the right background.Many astronauts have a background in engineering, physics or medicine.Sometimes they have a military background, such as flying military aircraft.As for pay, astronaut can earn a good salary but not great.Another popular career is to become a musician or actor.Many kids dream of become a famous singer or movie stars.However, most of musician or actor don't become famous.They are usually paid by the hour or by the performance.Only a very few have lots of money.So the best advice is not to be a musician or actor unless that's your real passion.Becoming a professional athlete is another dream job for many.It's nice to imagine play a favorite sport and getting paid for it.However, becoming a famous athlete takes a lot of work and practice.Great athletes practice for hours a day with teammates and coaches.They also work regularly with trainers to keep their body strong.The level of pay for athletes depends on the success and the level of their performance.Athletes often have short career because of the physical requirement of their sport.When you are no longer able to compete in a high level, some athletes become coaches.Firefighters and police officers are important job that help and protect people.These careers require applicants to complete training programs and pass the written and physical tests. 8These jobs can be exciting and dangerous so they require courage and sometimes sacrifice.When considering salary and benefits, some of the lowest paying jobs are in the hospitality and beauty industries.For example, food service worker and hairstyles generously have low salaries.This kind of job don't require much of the education or training.But again, if you enjoy what you're doing, that may be good enough.For example, you may really enjoy talking with your customers.Spending your life doing something you dislike can be very unsatisfying, even if the salary is high.Some of the highest paid professions includes doctors, lawyers and scientists.However, these professions 职业require high level of education and training.The path to becoming a doctor, for example, is a long one.Doctors require a university degree, several years in medical school, and several more years in experience.Only then are they certified as a medical doctor or MD.So it doesn't make sense to consider these professions unless you are willing to work hard for many years.And because, you should really care doing the work well.L4 Unit 3-4 vocabulary 战争和生物Civil 内战wars are fought between citizens of the same country and are fought within the country. If citizens of a country disagree about the policy or leader, they may fight a civil war.A world war is fought when countries form alliances and these alliances fight each other.A world war involves many or most of the world's most powerful countries.There were 2 world war in the 20th century.Terrorism involves groups of individuals rather than countries.Terrorists may come from different countries and they may share the same beliefs.Terrorists often use car-bombings or suicide attacks on innocent people.A terrorist attack can happen at any time and any place.An invasion侵略occurs when one country attacks another.It sends its army to the other country and attempts to take control.One of most famous invasions was when France invaded Russia in 1812.A defensive 防御的war occurs when a country is attacked and needs to defend itself.Most of countries have military so that it can defend itself if it's attacked.When France invaded Russia in 1812, the Russia army fought a defensive war and defeated the French army.A cell 细胞is the basic unit of life.A cell is smallest structure that can live and reproduce.Cells grow and develop, reproduce and interact with the environment.Photosynthesis光合作用/,foto's?nθ?s?s/ was one of most important biological processes.It allows plants to capture and use light as an energy source.Photosynthesis is the process of converting light energy into chemical energy.9A virus is small biological structure that attacks and enters cells.Once inside a cell, a virus reproduces and makes many copies of itself.Some diseases such influenza /,?nflu'?nz?/ (流感)are viruses.Bacteria are one-celled forms of life that are all around us.Although they have a single cell structure, they are very important.Many bacteria are inside us and help us digest our food.DNA is a complex molecule that stores information and can make copies of itself.Nearly any cells in a person's body has the same DNA.The information stored in DNA tells cells what to do and it's necessary for reproduction.L4 Unit 3-4 dialogue 旅馆更换房间Good evening, sir. How can I help you?Yes, we just check in and our room is unacceptable. It's room 1810.Is there something wrong with the room?Yes, there certainly is. We requested a non-smoking room but the room smiles of smoke.Let me check. Yes, that room is supposed to be a non-smoking room.Well, somebody certainly doesn't follow the rules. The current smoke is cigars. We can hardly breath and thewindows don't open.Right, the windows don't open, sir. I really sorry about this. Let me see if I can find you another room. Yes, please. We certainly can't stay in that room. Both our kids have asthma哮喘/'?zm?/, so the smell of smokecan cause breathing problems.Yes, I understand your concern. Sir, I'm afraid we don't have any other rooms with two double beds. If you'llexcuse me, I will speak with my manager.Thank you. We were really tired and we would like to get rest as soon as possible.Yes, I understand. If you don't mind, could you wait in the lounge 休息室near the elevators? I shouldn't be long.Sure, I hope it doesn't take time.Good evening, I'm the manager here. I'm sorry to hear about your room.Yes, we are not happy and we were really tired. I hope you can help us.I'm sure we can. Since we don't have another non-smoking room for you, we will upgrade your suite. Will that beok?Yes, there will be fine. There is no extra cost, right.No, sir. There would be no extra charge.And it's non-smoking, right.Yes, sir. I've confirmed that is non-smoking.Thanks I really appreciate your help.。

懂你英语Level4-Unit3Part4DialogueHotel ComplaintGood evening, sir. How can I help you?Yes, we just checked in and our room is unacceptable. it's room 1810.Is there something wrong with the room?Yes, there certainly is. We requested a non-smoking room but the room smells of smoke. -What's wrong with the room?Let me check. Yes, that room is supposed to be a non-smoking room.Well, somebody certainly didn't follow the rules. The curtain smell like a cigars. We can hardly breathe and the windows don't open.Right, the windows don't open, sir. I‘m really sorry about this. Let me see if I can find you another room.Yes, please. We certainly can't stay in that room. Both of our kids have asthma, so the smell of smoke can cause breathing problems.Yes, I understand your concern.Sir, I‘m afraid we don't have any other rooms with two double beds. If you'll excuse me, I'll speak with my manager.Thank you. We are really tired, and we would like to get some rest as soon as possible.Yes, I understand. If you don't mind, could you wait in the lounge near the elevators? I shouldn't be long.Sure, I hope it doesn't take time.-The hotel staff member is being polite and understanding.Good evening, sir. I'm the manager here and I'm sorry to hear about your room.Yes, we are not happy and we're really tired. I hope you can help us.I'm sure we can. Since we don't have another non-smoking room for you, I'll upgrade you to a suite. Would that be OK?Yes, that would be fine. There is no extra cost, right?No, sir. There would be no extra charge.And it's a non-smoking, right?Yes, sir. I have confirmed that is a non-smoking.Thanks, I really appreciate your help.It's my pleasure, sir. I hope you and your family have a wonderful stay with us. Here is my card. If there is anything else that I can do you, please let me know.I will. Have a good evening.Thank you, sir. And once again, let me apologize for the same inconvenience.。

懂你英语-L e v e l4-U n i t1-P a r t2-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1L4-U1-P2 英语流利说 4-1-2 懂你英语 Level4 Unit1 Part2L4-U1-P2-1 Listening : A Trip to Yosemite Park 1Today Christina and her friend are enjoying themselves.This morning they got up very early and drove out of San Francisco.They crossed the Bay Bridge before the early morning commute and drove south.Because it was so early, there were almost no cars.Why was there much traffic?-It was so early.How heavy was the traffic?- Because it was so early, therewere almost no cars.After driving for an hour and a half, they stopped and had breakfast.They ordered pancakes and coffee.They also had some fresh fruits.When they finished eating, it was 7 o’clock.Then they got back into the car and drove south.Christina wanted to listen to music, so they turned on the radio.An hour later they stopped for gas.They noticed that there was also a charging station for electric cars.What time was it when they finished eating?-they finishedeating at 7 o’clock.They noticed that there was also a charging stationfor electric cars.Because it was so early, there were almost no cars.An hour later they stopped for gas.They crossed the Bay Bridge before the early morningcommute and drove south.Christina wanted to listen to music, so they turned on the radio. What did they order for breakfast? -They ordered pancakes and coffee.Christina wanted to listen to music, so they turned on the radio.Today Christina and her friend are enjoying themselves.When they finished eating, it was 7 o’clock.This morning they got up very early and drove out of San Francisco.They noticed that there was also a charging station for electric cars.It’s now 1:15 and they are in Yosemite Park.They have been there for two hours, since 11:15.They are looking at Yosemite falls, which is the highestwaterfall in the park.The water drops a total of 740 meters from the top of the upper fall to the base of the lower fall.When did they arrive at the park?- They got there at 11:15They have been there for two hours, since11:15.They are looking at Yosemite falls, which is the highestwaterfall in the park.The water drops a total of 740 meters from the top of the upper fall to the base of the lower fall.How long have they been in the park?- They have been there for two hours, since 11:15.They are looking at Yosemite falls, which is the highest waterfall in the park.They have been there for two hours, since 11:15.The water drops a total of 740 meters from the top of the upper fall to the base of the lower fall.L4-U1-P2-2 Listening : A Trip to Yosemite Park 2In another 15 minutes they plan to eat lunch at amagnificent old hotel in the park.It was built in 1927 and has a great view.They want ed to stay there, but they couldn’t get reservations.To get a room at that hotel, you usually need to make reservations several months in advance.Why couldn't they get reservations?- They didn't reserve early enough.They wanted to stay there, but they couldn’t get reservations.When do you need to make reservations? - you need to make reservations several months in advance.It was built in 1927.They plan to stay in the park until around 4 o’clock.By then they will have been in the park for nearly 5 hours.Then they’ll get back into the car and drive back to San Francisco.They plan to eat dinner somewhere along the way.If the traffic isn’t too bad, they should be back in San Francisco by 10 o’clock.How long would they have been in the park if they leave as scheduled?- For nearly 5 years.When do they expect to be back in San Francisco-They expect to be back by 10 o’clock.Early tomorrow morning they are going to cross the Golden Gate Bridge and go north along the coast.From some places, you can look out on the ocean and see whales and other sea life.Christina has never seen a whale before, so she’s looking forward to it.And tomorrow night they have something special planned.They are going to watch a baseball game.Christina has never seen a baseball game, but she has heard that it is very popular in the US.And the San Francisco baseball team is one of the best.What does she hope to see from the coast?-She hopes to see whales.What do they have plan for tomorrow night?- They are going to watch a baseball game.Christina has never seen a baseball game, but shehas heard that it is very popular in the US.They wanted to stay there, but they couldn’t get reservations.They plan to eat dinner somewhere along the way.They are going to watch a baseball game.Early tomorrow morning they are going to cross the Golden Gate Bridge and go north along the coast.From some places, you can look out on the ocean and see whales and other sea life.What has she heard about baseball?-She has heard that it is very popular in the US.What are they going to do tomorrow morning?- They are going to cross the Golden Gate Bridge and go north along the coast.Christina has never seen a whale before, so she’s looking forward to it.They plan to stay in the park until around 4 o’clock.Christina has never seen a whale before, so she’s lookingforward to it.To get a room at that hotel, you usually need to makereservations several months in advance.Christina has never seen a baseball game, but she has heard that it is very popular in the US.L4-U1-P2-3 Vocabulary : ScienceA force is a push or a pull on an object.A force changes the motion of a moving object.A force can be strong or weak, and it always has a direction.The Earth is a planet that goes around the sun in a circular orbit.The speed of its motion doesn't change, but the direction of its motion does.The Earth has a layer of gas above its surface, which helps to support life.Atoms are the building blocks of matter.At the center of an atom is its nucleus, which has a positive electric charge.Outside the nucleus are electrons, which have a negative charge.Asteroids and comets are objects that orbit our sun but are smaller than planets.Asteroids that pass close to the Earth are called near-earth objects.The layer of gases just above Earth's surface is our atmosphere.The atmosphere is made up of gases, such as oxygen and nitrogen.Without an atmosphere, there would be no life on Earth.A force can increase or decrease the speed of an object, and it can change the direction of motion.The electric force between the nucleus and theelectrons holds the atom together.Without an atmosphere,there would be no life on Earth.A force is a push or a pull on an object.Atoms are the building blocks of matter.The Earth has a layer of gas above its surface, which helps to support life.At the center of an atom is its nucleus, which has a positive electric charge.What changes the motion of a moving object? - A force changes the motion of a moving object.What is the layer of gases just above Earth's surface? -Thelayer of gases just above Earth's surface is our atmosphere.What has a nucleus and an electrons?-Matter has a positive charge nucleus and a negative charge electrons.What objects orbit our sun but are smaller than planets?-Asteroids and comets are objects that orbit our sun but are smaller than planets.What keeps the Earth in an orbit around the sun?-It moves in an orbit around the sun because of the gravitational force between them.A force can increase or decrease the speed of an object, and it can change the direction of motion.The electric force between the nucleus andelectrons holds the atom together.Asteroids that pass close to the Earth are called near-earth objects.A force is a push or a pull on an object.Without an atmosphere, there would be no life on Earth.The Earth has a layer of gas above its surface, which helps to support life.At the center of an atom is its nucleus, which has a positive electric charge.L4-U1-P2-3 Vocabulary : GeometryThe two lines on the left intersect each other at a right angle, which is 90 degrees.The two lines on the right are parallel, which means they never cross.The adjacent sides of a rectangle are perpendicular, which means they meet at a 90-degree angle.The opposite sides of a rectangle are equal and parallel, which means they never cross.The area of a rectangle is the length times the width.A circle is a two dimensional figure with a radiusand circumference , which is the distance around the circle.The area of a circle is pi r squared, where r is the radius and pi is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.A sphere is a three dimensional figure with a radius and a volume, which is 4/3 pi r cubed.All points on the surface of a sphere are equidistant from its center.A right triangle is a two dimensional figure with 3 sides, two of which are perpendicular.To find its area, multiply the lengths of the two perpendicular sides, a and b, and divided by two. A = 1/2 ab.The two lines on the right are parallel, which means they never cross.All points on the surface of a sphere are equidistant fromits center.The area of a rectangle is the length times the width.These lines are parallel, which means they never cross.The two lines on the right are parallel, which means they never cross.A right triangle is a two dimensional figure with 3 sides, two of which are perpendicular.Which two lines intersect at a right angle?-These two lines intersect each other at a right angle, which is 90 degrees.Which two dimensional figure has a radiusand circumference?-A circle is a two dimensionalfigure with a radius and circumference, which is the distance around the circle.Which two dimensional figure has four sides?- A rectangle is a two dimensional figure has four sides.Which three dimensional figure has a volume which is 4/3 pi r cubed?- A sphere is a three dimensional figure with a radius and a volume, which is 4/3 pi r cubed.Which two dimensional figure has three sides? -A righttriangle is a two dimensional figure with 3 sides, two of which are perpendicular.The two lines on the left intersect each other ata right angle, which is 90 degrees.The opposite sides of a rectangle are equal and parallel, which means they never cross.A rectangle is a two dimensional figure has four sides.Pi is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.All points on the surface of a sphere are equidistant from its center.The opposite sides of a rectangle are equal and parallel, which means they never cross.L4-U1-P2-5 Dialogue : Dinner ConversationM: Have you finished eating yet?W: No, I haven't. Why are you in such a hurry?M: I'm sorry, but you're such a slow eater.W: A slow eater Well, I try to enjoy my food. You just eat and swallow. I don't see how you can even taste it!I don't see how you can even taste it!M: OK, I'm sorry. Do you mind if I get another glass of wine?W: No, go ahead. I don't want you to sitthere putting pressure on me. I thought we were going to have a relaxing evening.What does she allow him to do? -She allows him to get another glass of wine.A relaxing evening is the opposite of ...a high-pressure evening.M: Yes, you're right. I'd like to relax, but I have a lot on my mind.W: Work related?M: Yes, it is. I've been getting some strange E-mails from my boss. He wants me to cut down on my expenses. Maybe he wants to fire me.His boss wants him to spend less.I'd like to relax, but I have a lot on my mind.W: Is business bad?M: Yes, it is. But I don't want to talk about it.W: OK, but I'm a good listener. You can tell me if you'd like to.What doesn't he want to talk about? -He doesn't want to talk about his business.M: Thanks. Maybe some other time. I'll try to stop thinkingabout it and deal with it tomorrow.W: Good idea. You need to take a break from work. Your health is important, and so am I.M: Yes, you are. I don't know what I would do without you.To deal with something means...to do something about it.Have you finished eating yet?I'm sorry, but you're such a slow eater.I don't see how you can even taste it!I thought we were going to have a relaxing evening.I don't know what I would do without you.11。

懂你英语Level4Unit3Part4L4-U3-P4 英语流利说4-3-4 懂你英语Level4 Unit3 Part4L4-U3-P4-1 Listening : Dream JobsWhat kind of careers are the best, and what are the qualifications? One of the most popular careers for kids is to become an astronaut. Many kids dream of going into space when they grow up.They dream of working on a space station or exploring deep space. To become an astronaut, it's important to have the right background.Many astronauts have a background in engineering, physics or medicine.Sometimes they have a military background, such as flying military aircraft.As for pay, astronauts can earn a good salary but not great. Many kids dream of going into space when they grow up.To become an astronaut, it's important to have theright background.Another popular career is to become a musician or actor.Many kids dream of becoming famous singers or movie stars. However, most musicians and actors don't become famous.They are usually paid by the hour or by the performance.Only a very few earn lots of money.So the best advice is not to become a musician or actor unless that's your real passion.How likely is it that a musician or actor become famous? -It isn't likely.So the best advice is not to become a musician oractor unless that's your real passion.Becoming a professional athlete is another dream job for many.It's nice to imagine playing a favorite sport and getting paid for it.However, becoming a professional athlete takes a lot of work and practice.Great athletes practice for hours a day with teammates and coaches.They also work regularly with trainers to keep their bodies strong.The level of pay for athletes depends on the success and level of their performance.Athletes often have short careers because of the physical requirements of their sport.When they are no longer able to compete at a high level, some athletes become coaches.Athletes often have short careers because their bodies become weaker as they age.It's nice to imagine playing a favorite sport and getting paid for it.Firefighters and police officers are important jobs that help and protect people.These careers require applicants to complete training programs and pass written and physical tests.These jobs can be exciting and dangerous, so they require courage and sometimes sacrifice.These careers require applicantsto complete training programs and pass writtenand physical tests.Many kids dream of going into space when they grow up.Another popular career is to become a musician or actor.It's nice to imagine playing a favorite sport and getting paid for it.They dream of working on a space station or exploring deep space. These jobs can be exciting and dangerous, so they require courage and sometimes sacrifice.L4-U3-P4-2 Listening : Jobs and WagesWhen considering salary and benefits, some of the lowest paying jobs are in the hospitality and beauty industries.For example, food service workers and hair stylists generally have low salaries.These kinds of jobs don't require much education or training.But again, if you enjoy what you are doing, that may be good enough. For example, you may really enjoy talking with you customers.Spending your life doing something you dislike can be very unsatisfying, even if the salary is high.What kind of career can be very unsatisfying?- doing something you dislikeSome of the highest paid professions include doctors, lawyers and scientists.However, these professions require high levels of education and training.The path to becoming a doctor, for example, is a long one.Doctors require a university degree, several years in medical school and several more years of experience.Only then are they certified as a medical doctor, or MD.So it doesn't make sense to consider these professions, unless you are willing to work hard for many years.And of course, you should really care about doing the workwell.Doctors require a university degree, several yearsin medical school and several more years of experience. These kinds of jobs don't require much education or training.The path to becoming a doctor, for example, is a long one.But again, if you enjoy what you are doing, that may be good enough. And of course, you should really care about doing the work well. When considering salary and benefits, some of the lowest paying jobs are in the hospitality and beauty industries.L4-U3-P4-3 Vocabulary : Types of WarsCivil wars are fought between citizens of the same country and are fought within the country.If citizens of a country disagree about a policy or leader, they may fight a civil war.A world war is fought when countries form alliances, andthese alliances fight each other.A world war involves many or most of the world's most powerful countries.There were two world wars in the 20th century.Terrorism involves groups of individuals rather than countries.Terrorists may come from different countries and they may share the same beliefs.Terrorists often use car bombings and suicide attacks on innocent people.A terrorist attack can happen at any time and any place.An invasion occurs when one country attacks another.It sends its army into the other country and attempts to take control.One of the most famous invasions was when France invaded Russia in 1812.A defensive war occurs when a country is attacked and needs to defend itself.Most countries have a military so that it can defend itself if it's attacked.When France invaded Russia in 1812, the Russian army fought a defensive war and defeated the French army.What happens when citizens of a country fight each other?- Civil wars are fought between citizens of the same country and are fought within the country.What is it when one country sends its army into another country? -An invasion occurs when one country attacks another.What of war did Russia fight when it was invaded by France?-When France invaded Russia in 1812, the Russian army fought a defensive war and defeated the French army.What of war involves many countries?-A world war involves many or most of the world's most powerful countries.What involves groups of individuals rather thancountries?-Terrorism involves groups of individuals rather than countries.If citizens of a country disagree about a policy or leader, they may fight a civil war.Terrorism involves groups ofindividuals rather than countries.A defensive war occur s when a country is attacked and needs to defend itself.If citizens of a country disagree about a policy or leader, they may fight a civil war.Terrorism involves groups of individuals rather than countries.An invasion occurs when one country attacks another.Civil wars are fought between citizens of the same countryand are fought within the country.Terrorists may come from different countries and they may share the same beliefs.L4-U3-P4-4 Vocabulary : Biology TermsA cell is the basic unit of life.A cell is the smallest structure that can live and reproduce. Cells grow and develop, reproduce and interact with the environment. Photosynthesis is one of the most important biological processes. It allows plants to capture and use light as an energy source.Photosynthesis is the process of converting light energy into chemical energy.A virus is a small biological structure that attacks and enters cells.Once inside a cell, a virus reproduces and makes many copies of itself.Some diseases such as influenza are viruses.Bacteria are one-celled forms of life that are all around us. Although they have a single-cell structure, they are very important. Many bacteria are inside us and help us digest our food.DNA is a complex molecule that stores information and can make copies of itself.Nearly every cell in a person's body has the same DNA.The information stored in DNA tells cells what to do andis necessary for reproduction.What biological structure attacks and enters cells?- A virus is a small biological structure that attacks and enters cells.What complex molecule stores information about who and what we are?- DNA is a complex molecule that stores informationand can make copies of itself.What is the basic unit of life?- A cell is the basic unit of life.What process allows plants to use light as an energysource? -Photosynthesis allows plants to capture and use light as an energy source.What are one-celled forms of life?- Bacteria are one-celled forms of life that are all around us.A cell is the smallest structure that can live and reproduce.A virus is a small biological structure that attacks and enters cells.Many bacteria are inside us and help us digest our food.A cell is the basic unit of life.Some diseases such as influenza are viruses.Many bacteria are inside us and help us digest our food.A cell is the smallest structure that can live and reproduce.Although they have a single-cell structure, they are very important.L4-U3-P4-5 Dialogue : Hotel Complaint(W: Hotel Reception C: Customer M: Manager)W: Good evening, sir. How can I help you?C: Yes, we just checked in and our room is unacceptable. It's room 1810 (eighteen ten).W: Is there something wrong with the room?C: Yes, there certainly is. We requested a non-smoking room, but the room smells of smoke.What's wrong wrong with the room?- The room smells of smoke. W: Let me check. Yes, that room is supposed to be a non-smoking room.C: Well, somebody certainly didn't follow the rules. The curtains smell like cigars. We can hardly breath, and the windowswon't open.W: Right, the windows don't open, sir. I'm really sorry about this. Let me see if I can find you another room.C: Yes, please. We certainly can't stay in that room. Both of our kids have asthma, so the smell of smoke can cause breathing problems.W: Yes, I understand your concern.They can't stay in that room because it can cause breathing problems for their kids.Let me see if I can find you another room.W: Sir, I'm afraid we don't have any other rooms with two double beds. If you'll excuse me, I'll speak with my manager. Sorry about this.C: We're really tired and we would like to get some rest as soon as possible.W: Yes, I understand. If you don't mind, could you wait inthe lounge near the elevators? I shouldn't be long.C: Sure, I hope it doesn't take time.If you don't mind, could you wait in the lounge near the elevators?Is there something wrong with the room?The hotel stuff member is being polite and understanding.Yes, I understand your concern.We requested a non-smoking room, but the room smells of smoke.We're really tired and we would like to get some rest as soon as possible.M: Good evening sir, I'm the manager here, I'm sorry to hear about your room.C: Yes, we are not happy, and we are really tired. I hope youcan help us.M: I'm sure we can. Since we don't have another non-smoking room for you, I'll upgrade you to a suite. Would that be ok?C: Yes, that would be fine. There is no extra cost, right?M: No sir. There will be no extra charge.What does the manager offer to do?- upgrade them to a suiteC: And it's non-smoking, right?M: Yeah sir. I've confirmed that it's non-smoking.C: Thanks. I really appreciate your help.M: It's my pleasure, sir. I hope you and your family have a wonderful stay with us. Here is my card. If there is anything else I can do for you, please let me know.C: I will. Have a good evening.M: Thank you sir, and once again, let me apologize for the same inconvenience.The manager confirms that the suite is non-smoking room.I've confirmed that it's non-smoking.The manager confirms that it's a non-smoking room.He upgrades them to a suite.I'm the manager here, I'm sorry to hear about your room.I hope you and your family have a wonderful stay with us.。

L4 Unit 1-1Listening 旅游Christina is on a two-weeks vacation. This is the first vacation she has had for a long time. The last vacation she took was more than 2 years ago. Now she is visiting a friend in San Francisco. Her friend and her husband are living near the center of the city. He works for a start-up company in Silicon Valley. While he is working, she works part-time at a department store.Christiana hasn’t seen her friend for a long time. The last time they saw each other was 3 years ago. At that time, they were both working at a department store. Then Christina quit her job and started her own business. She designs women’s clothing. She has 2 employe es now and her company is slowly growing.Christina has come to San Francisco by herself. Her hu sband didn’t come because he has to work. He tried to start a company 2 years ago, but it didn’t work out. His company failed after only a few months. So now he’s working at another company and saving money. Once he saves enough money, he plans to start an other company. He doesn’t want to give up.This is the second time Christina has been to San Francisco. The first time was when she was a high school student. That was more than 10 years ago. During that trip she was only in San Francisco for a few days. After that she went to Los Angles and New York. This time she and her friend plan to relax and have fun.Christina arrived two days ago, the day before yesterday. Her friend met her at the airport and drove her to her apartment. Her apartment is just north of the airport, about 20 minutes from San Francisco. It’s a small apartment, but it’s on a hill and it has a great view. Yesterday, they went downtown and rode the cable cars. Christina was surprised by how steep the hills are. Then they walked along the ocean and ate lunch at the seafood restaurant. From the restaurant, they could see the Golden Gate bridge.Tomorrow they’re planning to drive to Yosemite National Park. By car it’s about 4 hoursaway. Christina has never been there before, so she is excited. She has heard that the park is very beautiful. Her friend has been to Yosemite several times. She says it’s one of the most beautiful places in the world. Christina just hopes that her friend is a good driver.L4 Unit 1-1 vocabulary 伤病和地貌地形Headache can be very painful and can last for a long time. If you have headache your head hurts.A headache can be caused by an injury to the head.A sprained ankle can be so painful that you can’t walk. Someone with a sprained ankle may need to use to crutches to walk.If you have a sore throat, it may be painful to swallow. A sore throat can be caused by viruses or bacteria.A burn is an injury to the skin cause by fire or heat. If you get too close to a fire, you will be burned.An earache is a sharp, dull or burning pain in the ear. Common causes of an earache include an infection, a changing air pressure or water in the ear.Mountains are landforms higher than 2000 feet or about 600 meters above sea level. Hills are like mountain, but not as tall. Mountains are formed by the forces deep within the earth and are made of many types of rocksRivers are stream of water that usually begin at mountains and flow into the sea. Many early cities were built alongside rivers.Most of the world’s water is in the oce an, which are the large bodies of salt water. The oceans are also an important source of oxygen.The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean, covering more area than all the continents put together.Deserts are areas of land that receive little or no rainfall. The amount of rainfall in some deserts is so low that only a few plants can survive.Desert temperatures can range from cold at night to very hot during the daytime, often above 120 degrees F.A valley is low, relatively flat area between hills and mountains, often with the river running through it. Some valleys are formed by flowing river and others are formed by glaciers.L4 Unit 1-1 dialogue 谈论吃饭和预约M: Have you eaten yet.F: Not, I haven’t and I’m hungry.M: Me too. Let’s go out for din ner.F: Where toM: What about joe’s Italian.F: How many times have you eaten there.M: I eat there a lot. It’s one of my favorite places.F: I went there two weeks ago and the service was terrible.M: Really, then let’s go some places else. What do you suggest?F: How about the royal Indian. It’s not far from here.M: I’ve never heard of it. Is it good?F: Yes, I have been there several times and I’ve never been disappointed.M: Ok, let’s try it. I’ve never eaten Indian food for a long time.F: You won’t be disappointed and the prices are reasonable.M: Ah, so you mean I’m going to pay.F: Well, that would certainly be nice.M: What about reservations.F: If you get there early enough, we won’t need them.M: I hope you’re right.F: Don’t worry, if we ha ve to wait, I‘ll pay the bill.L4 Unit 1-2 Listening 旅游2Today, Christina and her friend are enjoying themselves. This morning they got up very early and drove out of San Francisco. They crossed the Bay Bridge before the early morning commute and drove south. Because it was so early, there were almost not cars.After driving an hour and a half, they stopped to had breakfast. They ordered pancakes and coffee. They also had some fresh fruits. When they finished eating, it was 7 o’clock. Then they got back into the car and drove south. Christina wanted to listen to music, so they turned on the radio. An hour later they stopped for gas. They noticed that there was also a charging station for electric cars.It’s now 1:15 and they are in Yosemite Park. They have been there for two hours, since 11:15. They are looking at the Yosemite falls, which is the highest waterfall in the park. The water drops a total of 740 meters from the top of upper fall to the base of the lower fall.In another 15 minutes they plan to eat lunch at a magnificent old hotel in the park. It was built in 1927 and has a great view. They wanted to stay there, but they couldn’t get reservation. To get a room at that hotel you usually need to make reservations several months in advance.They plan to stay in the park until around 4 o’clock. By then they will have been in the park for nearly 5 hours. Then they’ll get back into the car and dr ive back to San Francisco. They plan t o eat dinner somewhere along the way. If the traffic isn’t too b ad, they should be back in San Francisco by 10 o’clock.Early tomorrow morning they are going to cross the Golden Gate Bridge and go north along the coast. From some places, you can look out on the ocean and see whales and other sea life. Christina has n ever seen a whale before, so she’s looking forward to it. And tomorrow night they have something special planned. They are going to watch a baseball game. Christina has never seen a baseball game, but she has heard that it is very popular in the US.And the San Francisco baseball team is one of the best.L4 Unit 1-2 vocabulary 力学、几何A force is a push or a pull on the object. A force changes the motion of a moving object.A force can be strong or weak and it always has a direction.The earth is a planet that goes around the sun in the circular orbit. The speed of its motion doesn’t change and the direction of its motion does. The earth has a layer of gas above its surface, which helps to support life.Atoms are the building blocks of matter. At the center of an atom is its nucleus, which has a positive electric charge. Outside the nucleus are electrons, which have a negative charge.Asteroids(小行星) and comics are object that orbits（轨道）our sun, but are smaller than planets. Asteroid that pass close to the earth are called the near-earth objects. The layer of gases, just above the earth surface, is our atmosphere. The atmosphere is made up of gases, such as oxygen and nitrogen. Without an atmosphere, there would be not life on earth.The two lines on the left intersect（横断）each other at a right angle which is 90 degrees. The 2 lines on the right are parallel, which means they never cross.The adjacent sides of rectangle are perpendicular, which means they meet at a 90-degree angle. The opposite sides of the rectangle are equal a parallel, which means they never cross. The area of a rectangle is the length times the width.A circle is the 2 dimensional（尺寸的）figures with radius（半径）and circumference which is the distance around the circle. The area of the circle is π R square, where r is the radius and Pi is the ratio of the circle’s circumference to its diameter.A sphere is a 3 dimensional figure with the a ratio and volume, which is the three-fourth πR cube（立方体）. All points on the surface of the sphere are equidistant（等距离的）from its center.A rectriangle is a 2 dimensional figure with 3 sides, 2 of which are perpendicular. To find itsarea, multiply the length of the 2 perpendicular（垂直的）sides, A and B and divided by 2, A equates（相等）one half A B.The electric force between the nucleus and the electrons holds the atom together.A force can increase or decrease the speed of an object, and it can change the direction of motion.L4 Unit 1-2 dialogueM：Have you finished eating yet.F：Not, I haven’t.Why are you in such a hurry.M：I’m sorry, but you are such a slow eater.F：A slow eater? Well I try to enjoy my food. You just eat and swallow. I don’t see how you can even taste it.M：Ok, I’m sorry. Do you mind if I get another glass of wine.F：No, go ahead. I don’t want you to sit there putting pressure on me. I thought we were going to have a relaxing evening.M：Yes, you are right. I’d like to relax, but I had a lot on my mind.F：What created?M：Yes. it is. I’ve been getting some strange emails from my boss. He wants me to cut down on my expenses. Maybe he wants to fire me.F：Is business bad?M：Yes, it is. But I don’t want to talk about i t.F：Ok, but I’m a good listener. You can tell me if you’d like to.M：Thanks, maybe some other time. I’ll try to start thinking about it and deal with it tomorrow. F：Good idea. You need to take a break from work. Your health is important and so am I.M：Yes, you are. I don’t know what I would do without you.L4 Unit 1-3 listening 旅游3Harry is an American businessman. His job requires him to do a lot of travelling. He takes 9 or 10 trips a year. In the past six months he has made five trips. Three were to Asia and two were to Europe. The purpose of these trips is to attend meetings and make presentations.Harry loves to travel and he has traveled to many countries. Most of his trips are for one or two weeks. His first international trip was 15 years ago when he was 20 years old. He really wanted to see Asia, so he and a friend flew to Tokyo, Japan.From Tokyo, they traveled around Japan for 2 weeks. The people they met very nice, but most of them didn’t speak English. Harry tried to speak a little Japan ese, but it was difficult. He didn’t do very well. When he spoke to people, most of them just looked at him. They didn’t understand what he was trying to say.From Japan they went to Korea for a week, and then they went to China. In China they visited the Great Wall in Beijing. He stayed in Beijing for a few days and then they boarded a train for shanghai. It was an overnight train with sleeping cars.During the journey, they enjoyed looking out of the window at the countryside. The view from the train was wonderful. Harry will never forget watching the sun go down in the evening. It was a beautiful sunset.The journey to shanghai took many hours, but it was an unforgettable experience. On the train, he met a Chinese Professor who spoke English. He was middle-aged man whose hair was turning grey. He told them about how things were changing in China. It was wonderful to watch him as he was speaking. His eyes were full of energy and excitement.They only stayed in shanghai for a couple of days. Then they returned to the US and went back to school. They had one more year to finish their studies.Harry’s next new trips were to different parts of the world. He went to Europe twice, each time to different countries. On one trip he travel through the UK and France. On the next trip he went Italy and Greece.After the Europe he traveled to Mexico and South America. In south America he went toArgentina and Brazil. He enjoyed watching some great soccer matches.Then he decided to go back to Asia. But this time, he went to Southeast Asia. He visited Vietnam, Thailand and Singapore. Each country had a charm of its own.After this travel, harry decided to make travel part of his career. He didn’t want to work only in the US. He didn’t want work only with Americans. He wanted to experience other countries and other cultures. His dream was to work for an international company.Five years ago his dream came true. Now he’s working for a German hi-tech company. As part of his job, he has to travel a lot. As a result, he has been to many cities and counties. And he has met many interesting people.L4 Unit 1-3 vocabulary 牙齿、人体器官cavity n.腔，洞;蛀牙，龋洞A dental cavity is a hole in the tooth. A cavity is caused by bacteria in the mouth. Brushing your teeth frequently and regularly can help prevent cavities.cracked adj.有裂缝的;声音沙哑的;精神失常的v.破裂;崩溃(crack的过去分词);发沙哑声A cracked tooth can be caused by biting down on some hard. Dentists the treat cracked tooth by covering it with a crown(牙冠).A dental X-ray is a picture of your teeth and gums. An X-ray shows what can’t be seen on the surface of teeth and gums.Braces are used by dentists to straighten teeth over a period of years. Those braces are usually for children, they can also be used for adults with crooked teeth.To extract a tooth means to remove it from the mouth. Dentists have to pull hard to extract a tooth.The heart pumps blood to all parts of bodies through a system of arteries and vein. It’s located in the chest, between the lungs and it beats about once per second.Artery n.[解剖]动脉;干线，要道toxin n.毒素;毒质The kidneys remove waste and toxins from the blood. They are been shaped organ and about 10 cm long, and 6 cm wide.The lungs exchange oxygen from the air with CO2 from the blood. They expand when inhaling air and contract when exhaling air.Inhale vt.& vi.吸气;吸入;〈非〉狼吞虎咽Exhale vt.发散出;放出，放射;使蒸发;[医]渗出vi.呼气;发散;放出The stomach is below the heart and is part of the digestive system. It uses acids to digest foodbefore passing it to the small intestine.Small intestine n.小肠The bladder is a balloon-shaped organ that collects urine from the kidneys. In an audit, the bladder can hold about half a liter of urine.urine n.尿;小便;下泉 a liter of 公升L4 Unit 1-3 dialogue 谈论贿赂P: Good evening, sir. You were driving too fast.M: Really. Was i.P: Yes, you were going well above the speed limit.M: I’m sorry, officer.P: Ok, I need to see your driver’s license.M: Here’s my driver’s license.P: Your license is expired. Are you aware of that?M: No, sir. That’s a surprise. I didn’t know.P: It expired more than a year ago.P: Is this your car.M: No, sir, it’s a friend’s.I’m borrowing it for the night.P: Get out of the car and put your hands behind your back. M: Why officer? what have I done?P: Just do as I say.M: Ok officer, I’m cooperating. Please don’t push me.P: Get your hands behind your back.M: Ok, ok!P: I’m not asking you. I’m ordering you.M: Please officer. I haven’t done anything wrong.P: Stay still and don’t say anything. This is a stolen ca r, are you aware of that.M: Are you going to arrest me.P: What do you think? That’s what we do with car thieves.M: If you let me go. I will give you a couple of thousand dollars. I haven’t hurt anybody. P: So now you’re trying to bribe me. How stupid c an you be.M: I just don’t want to go back to jail. Give me a break.P: Sure, you are a nice guy. I’d like to give you a break. But that’s nothing I can do. M: Please officer.P: Ok, where is the money. Let me see it and I will think about it.L4 Unit 1-4 listening 家政服务Quick service is a successful home repair company. It provides quick, reliable repair services to homes. It was established 5 years ago and has been expanding rapidly. In the last 2 years, it has opened offices in 3 new cities.Because of its rapid growth, it has to hire many new employees. In the last 6 months, it has hired 50 new employees. The total number of the employees in the company is now over 500. And the number of the customers has increased to more than 5000.The company has also improved its business model. Instead of offering only repair services, it can now help customers upgrade their appliances. Quick Service does this by one. If they choose to buy a new one, they will get a discounted price. So a customer can either repair a broken refrigerator for a small fee or buy a new one.If they buy a new one, they will get a discounted price, along with free installation. This is possible because several appliance manufactures have agreed to give QuickService big discounts. QuickService then installs the new appliance and remove the old one. Feedback from customers has been positive.A high percentage of customers have taken advantages of this new service. As a result, QuickService has developed a great reputation. Its dedication to the high quality service has proven to be successful. Its word-of-mouth approach to advertising has been cost effective. The appliance manufactures have also been happy with the results. Their growing relationship with QuickService has helped increase their sales.The world’s population is growing. There are now over 7 billion people in the world. During the 20th century, the population grew from 1.65 billion to 6 billion. It’s now going at a rate of around 1.1% per year. That means an increase is about 80 million per year. By 2024 the population is expected to be around 8 billion people.The growth rate used to be higher. In the late 1960s, the rate of growth was about 2%. Since then the growth rate has declined. It is estimated that the growth rate will be even less than 1% by 2020. By the year 2050 the growth rate should be even less.Even with a declining growth rate, the population will continue to grow. But it will grow at a slower rate. In the past 50 years, the world’s population has more than doubled. It has doubled from around 3 billion in 1960 to more than 7 billion in 2011.The rate of growth varies by country. The growth rate in India is more than twice that of china. And the growth rate in Nigeria, which is Africa, is more than twice than India’s growth rate. Russia, one the other hand, has had a negative growth rate in some years. When the country has a negative growth rate, its population is decreasing.L4 Unit 1-4 vocabulary 名人和性格Co-founder of Apple, this entrepreneur was a major figure in the computer industry. He was self-center and difficult to work for, but he led the development of many great products. He died of cancer when he was just 56 years old.Jack Ma is one of the richest and most famous men in china. He comes from a poor family and failed his college entrance exam twice. Despite of many failures, he has built one of the world’s largest internet companies.David Beckham is one of world’s richest and famous athletes. He stared playing professional football when he was just 17. Much of his successful at an athlete, is because he practice hard than many other players.As a young girl in Pakistan, Malala became famous for her writing some women education. In 2012, she was shot in the head and nearly killed. She survived the injury and became the world’s most famous teenager.Born in 1942, Stephen Hocking is one of the world’s most famous scientists. When he was 23, he was diagnosed with AIS, a rare disease of the nerves. Because of his disease, he is unable to walk and talk.Shy people are usually quiet and uncomfortable around other people. They generally dislike going to social events such as party. It’s often difficult to make friend with shy person because they won’t open up.Outgoing people are enjoying being with other people and are comfortable in social situations. They are friendly and pleasant to be with, though sometime they can be trusted.Self-centered people like to be the center of attention. They like people to look at them and pay attention to them. Self-centered people often talk too much and don’t listen enough.Selfish and greedy people don’t share things with others. They keep things for themselves and always want more.People who are responsible and trust-worthy, are important in almost any situation. They can be depended on to get things done. These people can be trusted.Some people really dislike being around self-centered people.L4 Unit 1-4 dialogue 女朋友M1：Hey, steven, you know I’m your friend, right.M2：Sure, I know that. What are you trying to say.M1：I’m sorry to say this. But I think you’re making a fool of yourselves.M2：How am i make a fool of myselfM1：You girlfriend are taking advantage of you.M2：Taking advantaging of me?M1：Yes, I think so. She just using you.M2：So, maybe she is. But I don’t mind. Even if she is using me, it’s ok. I’m using her too.M1：What do you mean. Aren’t you in love with her?M2：Yes, I’m in love with her. But that doesn’t mean that I’m not using her too.M1：I don’t understand. What do you mean.M2：Maybe I’m using her because I enjoy being in love. I can’t imagine life without her. Even if she hurts me sometimes, I love her.M1：Do you trust her.M2：Yes, I trust. She tells me what’s important to her. She’s honest with me. She is never lied to me about anything important.M1：Are you honest with her?M2：Yes, we are honest with each other, even when it hurts. And because we’re honest with each other, we trust each other.M1：Ok, so you don’t think you’re being taken advantage of.M2：No, I do n’t, as long as she is honest with me. The day she isn’t honest with me, will be the end of our relationship. And when that happens, my heart will break. But until then, I’m her man.M1：Ok, I think I understand. I didn’t think you knew what was going on.M2：I’m as stupid as my look, my friend. Being in love with her, makes my life exiting.M1：Well, I hope you’re right.L4 Unit 2-1 Listening 物种、环境The earth was formed about 4.6 million years ago. The first life appeared about a billion years later. The first plants didn’t appear until around 2 billion years ago. Until around 580 million years ago, life forms were small and microscopic(微观). Since that time, live has evolved into many different types, or species. However, scientists estimate that more than 99% of them are now extinct.There have been several extinction events in the history of the Earth. In an extinction event many life forms, or species of life, die out. The causes of the mass extinction events are unsolved mysteries. These events are not predictable and can happen at any time. Scientists think that some of them were started by asteroid impacts or volcanic eruptions. Events like these can change the global conditions that life depends on.One major extinction event happened about 66 million years ago. That event may have been started by a large asteroid that hit the Earth. As a result, the dinosaurs and about half of all species on the planet died out. When the asteroid hit the earth, it started a chain of events. A chain of events is a series of events linked together, like a chain.This particular chain of events happened over a period of months and years. When the asteroid hit the earth, it caused a huge cloud of dust to enter the atmosphere. This cloud of dust blocked the sun and darkened the Earth for many months. Without enough sunlight, plants and plant-eating animals quickly died. With the deaths of so many plants and animals, the food chain collapsed. This led to the deaths of many more species.Mass extinction events have played an important part in the evolution of life. In fact, some extinction events have helped to accelerate evolution. For example, some mammals lived through the age of dinosaurs, but they couldn’t compete. When the dinosaurs were removed, the mammals were able to compete more successfully. Once they could compete, mammals evolved to a higher state. Without the extinction events, perhaps we wouldn’t be here today.Scientists estimate that there have been at least 5 mass extinctions in the last 540 million years. They also believe that we have entered a new extinction event. Species are becoming extinct at a much faster rate than before. Instead of asteroids or volcanic eruptions, the current event is the result of human activities. Human activities, for example, have led to global warming.Global warming is the result of an increase in carbon gases in our atmosphere. These gases trap heat from the sun, so the Earth is getting warmer. As a result, sea levels are rising and weather patterns are changing. In addition, we humans are destroying the habitats of many plants and animals. Cutting down forests and polluting rivers destroys the habitats of many forms of life.There is no longer any doubt that this is happening. Specials of live are disappearing at an increasing rate. Global temperatures are rising and weather patterns are changing. Scientists are warning us that fast action is necessary to save our future. If we don’t act, we may go the way of the dinosaurs.L4 Unit 2-1 vocabulary 身体系统、产业、技术The body circulatory system includes the heart and blood vessels. The heart pumps blood to all parts of body through a network of arteries（动脉）and veins.The digestive system breaks down and absorbs food into the body. It supplies the energy that the body need s for growth and repair. After digestion, excess food is turned into waste and eliminated from the body.The nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord and nerves. This is your bodies control system. It controls your muscles and organs included your circulatory and digestive system.The nervous system regulates your heartbeat and digestion.It brings air and oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide. The lungs are where oxygen enters the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is removed.The immune system protects the body against infections and diseases. Sneezing and fever are examples of how the immune system works. If an infection invades the body and the immune system attacks it.The control use of fire allowed people to cook food and survive in the colder climates. Fire provided the light so that people could work and socialize for longer hours.With the invention of agriculture, people can grow food and settle into communities. By growing food, people could spend less time hunting and more time for other things, such as art.With the development of agriculture, people had more time for other activities.The domestication of animals allows people to raise and use animals for food and work. By raise herds of animals, such as sheep, people have regular supply of meat and clothing. The strength of animals such as horses and oxen was used for work and transportation.The development of tools and machines has resulted in a more fashion manufacturing and construction. With better tools and machines, works can be done with fewer people and much lower cost.The development of science and engineering has improved many things including communications. With understanding of electricity, telephone and radios allow people to communicate over long distances.The use of machines has reduced the number of people needed to make things.。

Level4 Unit1 Part1 Listening - Visiting a friend 1 Christina is on a two-week vacation.This is the first vacation she has had for a long time.The last vacation she took was more than two years ago.Now she is visiting a friend in San Francisco.Her friend and her husband are living near the center of the city.He works for a start-up company in Silicon Valley.While he is working, she works part-time at a department store.Christina hasn't seen her friend for a long time.The last time they saw each other was 3 years ago.At that time, they were both working at a department store.Then Christina quit her job and started her own business.She designs women's clothing.She has 2 employees now and her company is slowly growing.Christina has come to San Francisco by herself .Her husband didn't come because he has to work.He tried to start a company 2 years ago but it didn't work out.His company failed after only a few months.So now he's working at another company and saving money.Once he saves enough money he plans to start another company.He doesn't want to give up.This is the second time Christina has been to San Francisco.The first time was when she was a high school student.That was more than 10 years ago.During that trip she was only in San Francisco for a few days.After that she went to Los Angeles and New York.This time she and her friend plan to relax and have fun.Level4 Unit1 Part1 Listening - Visiting a friend 2 Christina arrived two days ago, the day before yesterday.Her friend met her at the airport and drove her to her apartment.Her apartment is just North of the airport about 20 minutes from San Francisco. It's a small apartment, but it's on a hill and it has a great view.Yesterday, they went downtown and rode the cable cars.Christina was surprised by how steep the hills are.Then they walked along the ocean and ate lunch at a seafood restaurant.From the restaurant, they could see the Golden Gate Bridge.Tomorrow they're planning to drive to Yosemite National Park.By car it's about 4 hours away.Christina has never been there before, so she is excited.She has heard that the park is very beautiful.Her friend has been to Yosemite several times.She says it's one of the most beautiful places in the world.Christina just hopes that her friend is a good driver.Level4 Unit1 Part1 Vocabulary- Pains and Sickness Headaches can be very painful and can last for a long time.If you have a headache your head hurts.A sprained ankle can be so painful that you can't walk.Someone with a sprained ankle may need to use crutches to walk.If you have a sore throat, it may be painful to swallow.A sore throat can be caused by viruses or bacteria.A burn is an injury to the skin caused by fire or heat.If you get too close to a fire, you will be burned.An earache is a sharp, dull or burning pain in the ear.Common causes of an earache include an infection, a change in air pressure or water in the ear.(Earaches occur more often among small children than adults.)(A headache can be caused by an injury to the head.)Level4 Unit1 Part1 Vocabulary- LandformsMountains are landforms higher than 2000 feet, or about 600 meters, above sea level. Hills are like mountains, but not as tall.Mountains are formed by forces deep within the Earth and are made of many types of rocks.Rivers are streams of water that usually begin in mountains and flow into the sea. Many early cities were built alongside rivers.Most of the world's water is in the oceans, which are large bodies of salt water.The oceans are also an important source of oxygen.Deserts are areas of land that receive little or no rainfall.The amount of rainfall in some deserts is so low that only a few plants can survive.A valley is a low, relatively flat area between hills or mountains, often with a river running through it.Some valleys are formed by flowing water, and others are formed by glaciers.(Desert temperatures can range from cold at night to very hot during the daytime, often above 120 degrees F.)(The place where a river begins is its source.)(Many early civilizations developed near rivers.)Level4 Unit1 Part1 Dialogue - Eating OutHave you eaten yet?No, I haven't, and I'm hungry.Me too, let's go out for dinner.Where to?What about Joe's Italian?How many times have you eaten there?I eat there a lot.It's one of my favorite places.I went there two weeks ago, and the service was terrible.Really? then, let's go some places else.What do you suggest?How about the Royal Indian?It's not far from here.I've never heard of it, is it good?Yes, I've been there several times, and I've never been disappointed.OK, let's try it.I haven't eaten Indian food for a long time.You won't be disappointed, and the prices are reasonable.Ah~, so you mean I'm going to pay?Well, that would certainly be nice.What about reservations?If we get there early enough, we won't need them.I hope you're right.Don't worry.If we have to wait, I'll pay the bill.Level4 Unit1 Part2 Listening - A Trip to Yosemite Park 1 Today, Christina and her friend are enjoying themselves.This morning they got up very early and drove out of San Francisco.They crossed the Bay Bridge before the early morning commute and drove south. Because it was so early, there were almost no cars.After driving for an hour and a half, they stopped and had breakfast.They ordered pancakes and coffee.They also had some fresh fruit. (为什么不是fruits?)When they finished eating, it was 7 o'clock.Then they got back into the car and drove south.Christina wanted to listen to music, so they turned on the radio.An hour later they stopped for gas.They noticed that there was also a charging station for electric cars.It's now 1:15 and they are in Yosemite ParkThey have been there for two hours, since 11:15.They are looking at Yosemite falls, which is the highest waterfall in the Park.The water drops a total of 740 meters from the top of the upper fall to the base of the lower fall.Level4 Unit1 Part2 Listening - A Trip to Yosemite Park 2In another 15 minutes, they plan to eat lunch at a magnificent old hotel in the park. It was built in 1927 and has a great view.They wanted to stay there, but they couldn't get reservations.To get a room at that hotel, you usually need to make reservations several months in advance.They plan to stay in the park until around 4 o'clock .By then they will have been in the park for nearly 5 hours.Then they'll get back into the car and drive back to San Francisco.They plan to eat dinner somewhere along the way.If the traffic isn't too bad, they should be back in San Francisco by 10 o'clock.Early tomorrow morning they are going to cross the Golden Gate Bridge and go north along the coast.From some places you can look out on the ocean and see whales and other sea life. Christina has never seen a whale before, so she's looking forward to it.And tomorrow night they have something special planned.They are going to watch a baseball game.Christina has never seen a baseball game, but she has heard that it is very popular in the US.And the San Francisco baseball team is one of the best.Level4 Unit1 Part2 Vocabulary – ScienceA force is a push or a pull on an object.A force changes the motion of a moving object.A force can be strong or weak and it always has a direction.The earth is a planet that goes around the sun in a circular orbit.The speed of its motion doesn't change, but the direction of its motion does.The earth has a layer of gas above its surface, which helps to support life.Atoms are the building blocks of matter.At the center of an atom is its nucleus, which has a positive electric charge.Outside the nucleus are electrons, which have a negative charge.Asteroids and comets, are objects that orbit our sun, but are smaller than planets.Asteroids that pass close to the Earth are called near-earth objects.The layer of gases just above Earth's surface is our atmosphere.The atmosphere is made up of gases such as oxygen and nitrogen.Without an atmosphere, there would be no life on Earth.(A force can increase or decrease the speed of an object, and it can change the direction of motion)(If they collide with Earth they could cause an extinction event).(The electric force between the nucleus and the electrons holds the atom together.)Level4 Unit1 Part2 Vocabulary – GeometryThe two lines on the left intersect each other at a right angle, which is 90 degrees. The two lines on the right are parallel, which means they never cross.The adjacent sides of a rectangle are perpendicular, which means they meet at a 90 degree angle.The opposite sides of a rectangle are equal and parallel, which means they never cross.The area of a rectangle is the length times the width.A circle is a two dimensional figure with a radius and circumference, which is the distance around the circle.The area of a circle is PI R squared, where R is the radius and PI is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.A sphere is a three dimensional figure with a radius and a volume, which is 4/3 PI R cubed.All points on the surface of a sphere are equidistant from its center.A right triangle is a two dimensional figure with 3 sides, two of which are perpendicular.To find its area, multiply the length of the two perpendicular sides, A & B, and divided by two, A equals one half A B.(A rectangle is a two dimensional figure with 4 sides)(Pi is the ratio of a circle’s circumference to its diameter.)Level4 Unit1 Part2 Dialogue - Dinner Conversation Have you finished eating yet?No, I haven't.Why are you in such a hurry?I'm sorry, but you are such a slow eater.A slow eater?Well, I try to enjoy my food.You just eat and swallow.I don't see how you can even taste it!Ok, I'm sorry.Do you mind if I get another glass of wine?No, go ahead.I don't want you to sit there putting pressure on me.I thought we were going to have a relaxing evening.Yes, you are right.I'd like to relax, but I have a lot on my mind.Work related?Yes, it is.I've been getting some strange emails from my boss.He wants me to cut down on my expenses.Maybe he wants to fire me.Is business bad?Yes, it is. but I don't want to talk about it.OK, but I'm a good listener.You can tell me if you'd like to.Thanks, maybe some other time.I'll try to stop thinking about it and deal with it tomorrow. Good idea.You need to take a break from work.Your health is important, and so am I.Yes you are.I don't know what I would do without you.Level4 Unit1 Part3 Listening - Harry's Trips 1Harry is an American businessman.His job requires him to do a lot of traveling.He takes 9 or 10 trips a year.In the past six months he has made 5 trips.Three were to Asia and two were to Europe.The purpose of these trips is to attend meetings and make presentations.Harry loves to travel, and he has traveled to many countries.Most of his trips are for one or two weeks.His first international trip was 15 years ago when he was 20 years old.He really wanted to see Asia, so he and a friend flew to Tokyo, Japan.From Tokyo, they traveled around Japan for two weeks.The people they met were very nice, but most of them didn't speak English. Harry tried to speak a little Japanese, but it was difficult.He didn't do very well.When he spoke to people, most of them just looked at him.They didn't understand what he was trying to say.From Japan, they went to Korea for a week, and then they went to China.In China, they visited the Great Wall, near Beijing.They stayed in Beijing for a few days, and then boarded a train for Shanghai. It was an overnight train with sleeping cars. car 车厢During the journey, they enjoyed looking out the window at the countryside.The view from the train was wonderful.Harry will never forget watching the sun go down in the evening.It was a beautiful sunset.The journey to shanghai, took many hours, but it was an unforgettable experience. On the train, they met a chinese professor who spoke English.He was a middle-aged man whose hair was turning grey.He told them about how things were changing in china.It was wonderful to watch him as he was speaking.His eyes were full of energy and excitement.They only stayed in shanghai for a couple of days.Then they returned to the US and went back to school.They had one more year to finish their studies.Level4 Unit1 Part3 Listening - Harry's Trips 2Harry‘s next few trips were to different parts of the world.He went to Europe twice, each time to different countries.On one trip, he traveled through the UK and France.On the next trip, he went to Italy and Greece.After Europe, he traveled to Mexico and South America.In south America, he went to Argentina and Brazil.He enjoyed watching some great soccer matches.Then he decided to go back to Asia.But this time he went to southeast Asia.He visited Vietnam, Thailand and Singapore.Each country had a charm of its own.After all this travel, Harry decided to make travel part of his career.He didn't want to work only in the US.He didn't want to work only with Americans.He wanted to experience other countries and other cultures.His dream was to work for an international company.Five years ago his dream came true.Now he's working for a German hi-tech company.As part of his job, he has to travel a lot.As a result, he has been to many cities and countries.And he has met many interesting people.Level4 Unit1 Part3 Vocabulary - Dental ProblemsA dental cavity is a hole in a tooth.A cavity is caused by bacteria in the mouth.Brushing your teeth frequently and regularly can help prevent cavities.A cracked tooth can be caused by biting down on something hard.Dentists treat a cracked tooth by covering it with a crown.A dental x-ray is a picture of your teeth and gums.An x-ray shows what can't be seen on the surface of the teeth and gums.Braces are used by dentists to straighten teeth over a period of years.Though braces are usually for children, they can also be used for adults with crooked teeth.To extract a tooth means to remove it from the mouth.Dentists have to pull hard to extract a tooth.(Dentists often inject something into the gum to block the pain during the extraction process.)Level4 Unit1 Part3 Vocabulary - Internal OrgansThe heart pumps blood to all parts of the body through a system of arteries and veins. It's located in the chest, between the lungs, and it beats about once per second.The kidneys remove waste and toxins from the blood.They are bean-shaped organs and are about 10 centimeters long and 6 centimeters wide.The lungs exchange oxygen from the air with carbon dioxide from the blood.They expand when inhaling air and contract when exhaling air.The stomach is below the heart and is part of the digestive system.It uses acids to digest food before passing it to the small intestine.The bladder is a balloon-shaped organ that collects urine from the kidneys.In an adult, the bladder can hold about half a liter of urine.Level4 Unit1 Part3 Dialogue - Police Traffic StopGood evening, sir.You were driving too fast.Really? was I?Yes, you were going well above the speed limit.I'm sorry, officer.OK, I need to see your driver's license.Here is my driver's license.Your license has expired.Are you aware of that?No, sir. That's a surprise.I didn't know.It expired more than a year ago.Is this your car?No, sir. It's a friend's.I'm borrowing it for the night.Get out of the car and put your hands behind your back. Why, officer? What have I done?Just do as I say.OK, officer. I'm cooperating.Please don't push me.Get your hands behind your back.OK, OK.I'm not asking you.I'm ordering you.Please, officer.I haven't done anything wrong.Stay still and don't say anything.This is a stolen car. are you aware of that?Are you going to arrest me?What do you think?That's what we do with car thieves.If you let me go, I'll give you a couple of thousand dollars.I haven't hurt anybody.So now you are trying to bribe me.How stupid can you be?I just don't want to go back to jail.Give me a break.Sure. you are a nice guy.I'd like to give you a break.But there is nothing I can do.Please. officer.OK, where is the money?Let me see it and I'll think about it.Level4 Unit1 Part4 Listening - QuickServe 2.0QuickServe is a successful home repair company.It provides quick, reliable repair services to homes.It was established 5 years ago and has been expanding rapidly.In the last two years, it has opened offices in 3 new cities.Because of its rapid growth it has to hire many new employees.In the last six months, it has hired 50 new employees.The total number of employees in the company is now over 500.And the number of customers has increased to more than 5000.The company has also improved its business model.Instead of offering only repair services, it can now help customers upgrade their appliances.QuickServe does this by giving a choice.Customers can choose to repair an appliance or upgrade it by buying a new one.If they choose to buy a new one, they will get a discounted price.So a customer can either repair a broken refrigerator for a small fee or buy a new one.If they buy a new one, they will get a discounted price, along with free installation.This is possible because several appliance manufacturers have agreed to give QuickServe big discounts.QuickServe then installs the new appliance and removes the old one.Feedback from customers has been positive.A high percentage of customers have taken advantage of this new service.As a result, QuickServe has developed a great reputation.Its dedication to high quality service has proven to be successful.Its word-of-mouth approach to advertising has been cost effective.The appliance manufactures have also been happy with the results.Their growing relationship with QuickServe has helped to increase their sales.Level4 Unit1 Part4 Listening - The World's Population The world's population is growing.There are now over 7 billion people in the world.During the 20th century, the population grow from 1.65 billion to 6 billion.It's now growing at a rate of around 1.1 percent per year.That means an increase of about 80 million per year.By 2024 the population is expected to be around 8 billion people.The growth rate used to be higher.In the late 1960s, the rate of growth was about 2%.Since then, the growth rate has declined.It is estimated that the growth rate will be less than 1% by 2020.By the year 2050, the growth rate should be even less.Even with a declining growth rate, the population will continue to grow.But it will grow at a slower rate.In the past 50 years, the world's population has more than doubled.It has doubled from around 3 billion in 1960 to more than 7 billion in 2011.Even with a declining growth rate, the population will continue to grow.But it will grow at a slower rate.In the past 50 years, the world's population has more than doubled.It has doubled from around 3 billion in 1960 to more than 7 billion in 2011.The rate of growth varies by country.The growth rate in India is more than twice that of China.And the growth rate in Nigeria, which is in Africa, is more than twice India's growth rate.Russia, on the other hand, has had a negative growth rate in some years.When a country has a negative growth rate, its population is decreasing.Level4 Unit1 Part4 Vocabulary - Contemporary PeopleCo-founder of Apple, Steve Jobs was a major figure in the computer industry.He was self-centered and difficult to work for, but he led the development of many great products.He died of cancer when he was just 56 years old.Jack Ma is one of the richest and most famous men in China.He comes from a poor family and failed his college entrance exams twice.Despite his many failures he has built one of the world's largest internet companies.David Beckham is one of the world's richest and most famous athletes.He started playing professional football when he was just 17.Much of his success as an athlete, is because he practiced harder than many other players.As a young girl in Pakistan, Malala became famous for her writings on women's education.In 2012 She was shot in the head and nearly killed.She survived the injury and became the world's most famous teenager.Born in 1942, Stephen Hawking was one of the world's most famous scientists.When he was 23, he was diagnosed with ALS, a rare disease of the nerves.Because of his disease, he was unable to walk and talk.(She has won many prizes, including the Nobel Peace Prize.)(Though he was difficult to work for, his creative genius inspired others to do great work.)Level4 Unit1 Part4 Vocabulary - Personality TypesShy people are usually quiet and uncomfortable around other people.They generally dislike going to social events such as parties.It's often difficult to make friends with a shy person because they won't open up. Outgoing people enjoy being with others and are comfortable in social situations. They are friendly and pleasant to be with, though sometimes they can't be trusted. Self-centered people like to be the center of attentionThey like people to look at them, and pay attention to them.Self-centered people often talk too much and don't listen enough.Selfish and greedy people don't share things with others.They keep things for themselves and always want more.People who are responsible and trustworthy are important in almost any situation. They can be depended on to get things done.These people can be trusted.(Outgoing people often have many friends and can be quite popular.)(Greedy people want more than their share and can cause many problems for others.)Level4 Unit1 Part4 Dialogue - Relationship AdviceHey, Steven, you know I’m your friend, right?Sure, I know that.What are you trying to say.I’m sorry to say this. But I think you’re making a fool of yourself. How am I making a fool of myself.Your girlfriend is taking advantage of you.Taking advantage of me?Yes, I think so.She's just using you.So, maybe she is.But I don’t mind.Even if she is using me, it’s ok.I’m using her too.What do you mean?Aren’t you in love with her?Yes, I’m in love with her.But that doesn’t mean I’m not using her too.I don’t understand.What do you mean?Maybe I’m using her because I enjoy being in love.I can’t imagine life without her.Even if she hurts me sometimes, I love her.Do you trust her?Yes, I trust her.She tells me what’s i mportant to her.21She’s honest with me.She has never lied to me about anything important.Are you honest with her?Yes, we are honest with each other, even when it hurts.And because we’re honest with each other, we trust each other. OK, so you don’t think you’re being taken advantage of.No, I don’t, as long as she is honest with me.The day she isn’t honest with me, will be the end of our relationship. And when that happens, my heart will break.But until then, I’m her man.OK, I think I understand.I didn’t think you knew what was going on.I’m not as stupid as my look, my friend.Being in love with her, makes my life exciting.Well, I hope you’re right.22。

懂你英语Level4 Unit 3 Part1it 3-1 listening 时间花费Look at these 2 pie graphs. They show how these 2 people spend their days, not including weekends.The one on the top shows how Emma divides up her days. She is a designer who works for a company.As Emma' s graph shows, the biggespt ortion 部分of her day is spent working.She works an average of 8 hours a day, which is one third of her day.She gets an average of 6 hours to sleep which is 25% of her day. That ' s less sleep than Martin gets. According to his graph, he gets an average of 7 hours to sleep which is about 29% of his day.On the other hand, Martine who is engineer, works more hours than Emma does.Martine average 9 hours a day at work co mpare to Emma 's 8. That 's 37.5% compare to 33%.Other factors shown in the graph included time for meals and commuting to work.Other activities include getting dress and doing household chores such as doing laundry and paying bills. As you can see, for Martin, commuting is taking a large amount of his time.t just the If he could reduce his commute time, he will have more time for other things. And it isnWhen the traffic is really heavy his commute is stressful.It will be great if he can work from home one or two days a week. He life will be more enjoyable.And we look at Emma ' s graph, we see she probably needs more sleep.Perhaps, she should spend a bit less time socializing with her friends.On the other hand, socializing with her friend is something she really values.As for putting on makeup, she isn ' t willing to change that.For her, exercising, socializing and staying beautiful help her deal with the stressful work.In conclusion, Emma and Martin both wish there were more hours in a day.This next graph shows how various factors compare important to 1350 jobs applicants.Applicants were between 20 to 25 years ago.They were asked to list which factors were most important for a good job.As the graph shows, money was the most important factor for 25% of the applicants.However, other factors are also important. The second most important factor was the work environment. In other words, for many,money is everything.People want to like where they work.In fact, if we combine working environment and co-workers, the total is 35%.This is well above the 25% for salary and benefits.Taking together, they are more important than salary and benefits.Career path is also important especially for younger applicants.They want to see that their job helps to build a successful career.For older workers, this may not be as important.Older workers often put the higher value on the balance between life and work. What do you think.it 3-1 vocabulary 领土、军事、政治、政权状态The government of a country is a control system.Governments make laws and provide services to their citizens.The land over which a government has controlled, is its territory /'t ?r?t?ri/领土.A country ' s territory hbaosu ndaries /'ba? ndri/ or borders.When you leave or enter a country ' s territory, you usually need a passport.The territory of a country is defined by its boundaries.A country ' s milit ap r yovides defense for its territory and its citizens.The military includes an army, an air force and a navy.The main purpose of a military, is to defend a country from attack.A country ' s criminal justice system includes the police, courts and prisons.Its purpose is to enforce the law and protect the people from criminal activities.A country social services system provides support to people in need.It provides basic health care services and helps poor people support their children.Anarchy /'?n ? ki/ n.混乱;无政府状态;无秩序autocracy /?'tɑkr?si/ n.独裁;独裁统治;独裁政府;独裁政体Oligarchy /'ɑl ?'gɑrki/ n. 寡头统治的政府;寡头政治的执政集团;寡头统治的国家A state of anarchy exits when a country has no effective government.In anarchy, there is nobody to make decisions or enforce the laws.An autocracy is the simplest form of government.In an autocracy, the government is controlled by single individual, known as autocrat. Whether or not an autocracy is successful, depends on the character and ability of the leader.In an oligarchy, a small group of people controls the government.Membership in this group often depends on family connection, wealth or military power.In a republic, individuals are elected to represent the citizens.The power of government in a republic is limited by a constitution.A constitution is a written document that makes the rules for a government to follow.This limits the power of a government.A constitution defines the relationship between the government and its citizens.it 3-1 dialogue 谈论工作I hear you lost your job, is that right?Yes, that ' s right. I quit. I quit because the way my boss treats people.What happen.I wasn' t feeling good one day and he yelled at me. While I told him not to yell at 对...吼叫me, he threatened me. Is that all. That ' s what bosses do.Sure, sometime maybe. But my treated everyone badly and I was tired of it. It was the less *The last str ?Yes, it reached the point where I couldn' t take it anymore. I see. So now you don 't have a job.Right, I don ' t have a job.But at least I don ' t have to deal with my boss thing. What are you going to do now?To be honest, I' m not sure. but I ' ll fine something. I ' ll get a job even if it pays less than before. Are you sorry for your quit.Yes and no. I guess I should have found another job first and then quit.Why didn ' t you.As I said, he pushed me too far. There were some things that I just won't take.What about your wife.She isn ' t happy that I don' t have a job but she unhd e rksntaonwdss I. hSave temper. And she knows I wasn' t happy working there. Well, I get some luck. My job isn' t great. but I like the people I ' m working with and I like my manage Are you planning to stay there?I don ' t know.For now, it ' s ok. But of coursel dite aplends on how things change.Well if you hear of any job openings, let me know, OK. Sure, send me your resume and I' ll let people know you ' re looking. Thanks.it 3-2 listening朗朗 Lang Lang is one of the world His first contact with western music was when he was just 2 years old.He watched the canton /'k?nt ?n/ in which a cat played a famous piece by Franz Liszt 弗朗兹·李斯特（匈牙利 作曲家） . From this experience, he decided he wanted to learn to play piano.When he was 3 and a half years ago, he started piano lessons.2 years later, he won first place in the piano competition.This early success gave his father great hope that Lang Land will became the world greatest pianist.When Lang Lang was 9 years ago, his father quit his job and took him to Beijing.They left everything behind including his mother who had to work.Lang Lang didn ' t want to leave her behind but his father insisted.His father wanted him to study at famous Central Conservatory of Music 中央音乐学院 .When they moved to Beijing, they rented a flat in a poor area of the city.During this time, Lang Lang practiced several hours a day.They started practicing at 5 o ' clock which upset his neighbors.They would often pound on 敲打 his door and ask him to stop practicing.They were so angry that he often feared that they would beat him up 毒打 .s grecaotnecset rt/'k ɑns? t/ pianist.Lang Lang usually had piano lessons once a week to prepare for the conservatory /k ?n's? v?t?ri/ 音乐学校. Nearly 2000 students were applying for just 12 places at the conservatory.His lessons were expensive and very difficult, especially because of his piano teacher.His music teacher didn ' t like Lang Lang.He called his teacher professor Angry because she always gave him a hard time.One afternoon, his teacher told him he had no talent and told him to go home. Hearing the news, his father screamed and seemed to lose his mind.His father told him that everything was destroyed and there was no reason to live.He ordered Lang Lang to jump off 跳下来the 11th-floor balcony.After this, Lang Lang almost went crazy. He didn ' t want to play the piano anymore.For several months, he neither played the piano nor spoke to his father.Then some friends encouraged him to play a piece for them and he realized his great love of piano.For the next 19 months, he practiced hard and his father encouraged him.Finally, when he was ten, he was accepted into the Conservatory with a full scholarship.In 1995, when he was 13 years old, he played music by show * at Beijing concert hall.In that same year, he won first place at an international competition for young musicians in Japan.When he was 15, he moved to the United States and began to study with the famous pianist at C institute.Since then, he career has grown and he has become a major star.One of the American music critics called him the biggest most exiting key of talent I haven ' t en year of attention piano recycles.In 2010, Lang Lang signed a recalling contract for several million dollars.In 2011, he performed at white house for president Obama of United States and Hu Jintao of China.With all of his success and fame, Lang Lang tries to encourage others.He uses his fame to spread the popularity of classic music and encourage young musicians.And in the end, Lang Lang and his father have rebuilt their relationship.In his autobiography 自传, Mr. Lang dedicated the book to his mother and father.it 3-2 vocabulary 财务、地理A person debt is how much he or she owes to others.Debt can be in the form of money, products and services owes to someone else.If you borrow money, they were taking on new debt.An asset is something that has value, such as money, property or even a nice personality.Assets can be used to pay off debts.Specialized /'sp???'la?zd/ knowledge or skills are also assets that can be used to get a job or earn money.Real estate is properties such as land, houses and buildings.Buying, selling or renting property is the business of real estate.Buying or selling real estate is popular for investments.Inventory is a detail list of items in one possession /'p?'sz ???n/.In business, one ' s inventory is the supply of items that are ready for sale.If a store runs out of the things for sale, it needs to resupply 再供应its inventory.An investment is the purchase of assets with the hope that its value will increase.A good investment can produce income, such as rent income.If the value of that assets falls, the investment will lose money.China is the second largest country in the world by land area.A major issue for China is the continuing 持续的expansion of its desserts which had led the dust storms each spring. Many of the world most polluted cities are located there.Asia is referred to as Indian sub-continent.It ' s called the s-cuobntinent 次大陆because it separated from the rest of Asia by mountains and sea.It ' s one of world ' s poorest region with about 75% of the poor living in rural areas.Europe is western neighbor of Asia. It ' s separda tferom Asia by Ural Mountains 乌拉尔which extent for 1500 miles in the north south direction from the Antarctic /?nt?ɑrkt?k/ ocean.The Philippines is the only country in Asia with a majority of Christians /'kr ?st??n/.The Philippines is an island Nation with over 7000 islands. It ' s located on the south China sea.The country ' s capital citMy aisn ila 马尼拉.Asia is the world largest continent covering about 30% of the earth land area.Several island nations are also a part of Asia, including Japan.The world ' s tallest mountain is in Asia, includinMg ount Everest 埃佛勒斯峰.it 3-2 dialogue 谈论投票选举Hey, have you decided how you ' re going to v？oteNot, I haven ' t. I don ' t like any kind of candidates.So you aren ' t going to vote.Mu. I don ' t know. Probably not. It seems like a waste of time.Really, why do you think of a waste of time ？Have you listened to any of their speeches?Yes, I have and I agree that their speeches aren ' t very good.Exactly. I can ' t believe anything they say. They are just saying what they think we want to hear.Sure, you want to get elected. I admit th at the system isn ' t perfect and it ve '. s always haWhether I vote or not won ' t make a difference. It ' s all the show.Well, I think you should vote. Do a little research about the candidates.Have you?Yes, I have. I have looked into their backgrounds and their education.How can that help?For example, if they know something about science, it could help the government make a better decision about issues such as climate change.Yes, that ' s good point. We need- ewdeulcl ated people make decisions.And I look to see what kind of people are supporting them.What issues do you think are most important?I guess for me, pollution, housing and taxes are important.I want to know how government plans to deal with these issues.Yes, I agree with you. Maybe I will vote, especially if we could get together and talk more about it.What about dinner tomorrow night?Sorry, I ' m busy tomorrow night.Oh, that ' s too bad. Do you have any time in the next few days? I will take you to a nice restaurant.Actually, I ' m quite busy. But I may have time Sunday afternoon. Wne h caave lunch someone near the office.Sure, that was for me. I will give you a call on Saturday and we can decide the details, ok?OK, I will be looking forward to seeing which candidate you support.L4 Unit 3-3 listening 蜜蜂、蜂农与环境Honeybees play an interesting and important role in nature.In additional to making honey, honeybees help many plants reproduce.They do this by pollinating the plant which means to transfer pollen.Pollination 授粉occurs when pollen /'pɑl ?n/ 花粉is moved within a plant 's flower or carried to another flower. This is how the plant reproduce.For reproduction to succeed, the pollen must be transferred from the male part of the flower to the female part.Many plants depend on the pollen for reproduction. This included many fruits and vegetables.Beside honeybees, there are many other pollinators including birds, insects and other kind of bees.Without enough pollinators, many of our favorite fruits and vegetable will become more expensive and hard to find. This included almonds and cherries.Honeybee are important pollinators and play an important role in agriculture.Beekeepers are people who keep honeybees.In addition to collecting honey, some beekeepers provide pollination services for farmers.They do this by raising and managing colonies 殖民地of bees.Farmers need colonies to pollinate their crops.Beekeepers can provide and manage of bee colonies to farmers.Honeybees are social insects that live in colonies.A bee colony consists of a queen bee, male drones 雄蜂and thousands of male worker bees.Each colony also contains eggs and immature 未成熟的bees in various stage of development.The number of bees within a colony depends on the seasonal changes.A colony 'posp ulation increases during the warm season and decreases during the colder season.In recent year, many bee colonies have collapsed or disappeared.A bee colony collapses occurs when a majority of bee in colony disappear and leave behind the queen.Some beekeepers have reported losing 30 to 90 % of their colonies.This loss of bee colonies can cause significant problems for farmers who depend on them to pollinate their crops.In some parts of the world, a shortage of bees has increased the cost of renting bees by up to 20%.There are several possible causes for bee colony collapse. One possible collapse is the use of new pesticides 农药. Other possible causes include infections from viruses, genetic factors 遗传因素and malnutrition （营养不良）. Changing weather patterns may also play a role as summers get hotter and winters get colder.These changes in weather may weaken the bees, making it more difficult for them to fight infections.Whatever the causes of colony collapse, it 'ims portant to understand that many parts of our world are interdependent.Changes that effect on one species may have serious effects on other species.A change to our environment, can start a chain of event that is difficult to predict.In any complex system such as the earth environment, small changes can cause a un consequences.The danger of un consequences is something that we all need to understand better.L4 Unit 3-3 vocabulary 商品、服务和工作Goods and services supply what people need or want.Goods are things such food and clothing.Services included things such as health care and police protection.A country needs natural and human resources.Natural resources include fresh water supplies, farmland and energy sources such as oil and wind.Human resources includes a skilled workforce that can produce goods and services.Once we had supplies of goods and services, they need to distribute throughout the country.Highways and railways are both way to transport thing from one part of country to another.Electricity are distributed through a system of transmition lines.We live in an age of advertising.Advertising lets people know about goods and services.It educates people about a product being advertised.Trade allows for the exchange of goods and services between different countries.Exports are goods and services that are sold to another country.Imports are goods and services that are brought from other country.For example, many countries import oil from countries such as Saudi Arabia 沙特阿拉伯.Employees are the people who work for a company.Some employees do basic work such as operating a machine or driving a track.People who hire and direct the work of other are managers.Interview is one way to find out about a person who applies for a job.In an inte rview, the applicants can ask question about a company and company can find out about a person and experience.An entrepreneur is someone who starts a company.Entrepreneurs often have new ideas and ways of doing things that can give company advantage.Salary and benefits are used to attract new employees into a company.If the salary and benefits are good enough, employees may take a job and stay with the company.Benefits includes vacation time, health insurance and bonuses for employees who do a good job.When apply for job, it ' s important to have skills and experience needed for the job.Developing and increasing skills and experience is good way to prepare for a job.Each job a person has is an opportunity to learn new things and develop new skills.Advertises try to increase to the demand for a product or service.Education and training are ways to develop a skilled workforce unforeseenL4 Unit 3-3 dialogue 谈论租房与房东You don ' t looko god, is something bothering you ？Yes, it ' sla mndyl ord 房东.Oh, is it something wrong with your flat.No, that ' s not something wrong with the flat. But I ' m going to have to move out.Why did you have to move out?For the last 2 month, a friend has been staying with me. She stayed until she could find a job.That ' s nice of you.Yes, but I ' m not supposed to have anyone staying there.Was that in the rental agreement？Yes, it was. It ' s ok if a friend s t a yfesw fo drays but not for more than that.So you broke the agreement even though it was for a good reason.Anyway, one of my neighbors told the landlords about my friend. So now I ' m in trouble. The landlord is a says she can ' t trust me.That ' s ridiculous.I told her about my friend and how I Wow, she doesn 'outn sd very nice. That ' s right, she isn ' t nice. Shem trying to help her, but she doesn t care.'s just interested in money. In fact, she is gsoeincug rtitoy kdeeeppo smity 押金.How can she do that ？Nothing is damaged, right.Right, everything in the flat is fine.She' s keeping the deposit because Ir obke the rentalagreement.What about your rent ？Yes , that ' s another problem. I already pay 3 months rent so I hope I can get it back.What can you do if she doesn '？t return itI don ' t know. I told to my agent. He ' s nice and maybe he can help.Maybe I should refuse to leave the flat until I get it back.Be sure to take picture of your flat.What for?Just to show the condition of your flat. Then she can ' t say your friend damaged it anyway. Good idea. She ' s a -s m inadlled 心胸狭窄的, evil woman. I should never have rented it from her in the first place.L4 Unit 3-4 listening 职业What kind of career is the best and what kind of qualification?One of most popular careers for kids is the to become an astronaut.Many kids dream of going space when they grow up.They dream of work on a space station or exploring deep space.To become an astronaut, it ' s important to have the right background.Many astronauts have a background in engineering, physics or medicine.Sometimes they have a military background, such as flying military aircraft.As for pay, astronaut can earn a good salary but not great.Another popular career is to become a musician or actor.Many kids dream of become a famous singer or movie stars.However, most of musician or actor don ' t besc.o me famouThey are usually paid by the hour or by the performance.Only a very few have lots of money.So the best advice is not to be a musician or actor unless that s your real passion.Becoming a professional athlete is another dream job for many.It ' sc en ito imagine play a favorite sport and getting paid for it.However, becoming a famous athlete takes a lot of work and practice.Great athletes practice for hours a day with teammates and coaches.They also work regularly with trainers to keep their body strong.The level of pay for athletes depends on the success and the level of their performance.Athletes often have short career because of the physical requirement of their sport.When you are no longer able to compete in a high level, some athletes become coaches.Firefighters and police officers are important job that help and protect people.These careers require applicants to complete training programs and pass the written and physical tests.These jobs can be exciting and dangerous so they require courage and sometimes sacrifice.When considering salary and benefits, some of the lowest paying jobs are in the hospitality and beauty industries. For example, food service worker and hairstyles generously have low salaries.This kind of j ob don ' t require much of the education or training.But again, if you enjoy what you ' re doing, that may be good enough.For example, you may really enjoy talking with your customers.Spending your life doing something you dislike can be very unsatisfying, even if the salary is high.Some of the highest paid professions includes doctors, lawyers and scientists.However, these professions 职业require high level of education and training.The path to becoming a doctor, for example, is a long one.Doctors require a university degree, several years in medical school, and several more years in experience.Only then are they certified as a medical doctor or MD.So it doesn ' t make sense to consider these professions unless you are willing to work hard forn my yaears. And because, you should really care doing the work well.L4 Unit 3-4 vocabulary 战争和生物Civil 内战wars are fought between citizens of the same country and are fought within the country.If citizens of a country disagree about the policy or leader, they may fight a civil war.A world war is fought when countries form alliances and these alliances fight each other.A world war involves many or most of the world ' s most powerful countries.There were 2 world war in the 20th century.Terrorism involves groups of individuals rather than countries.Terrorists may come from different countries and they may share the same beliefs.Terrorists often use car-bombings or suicide attacks on innocent people.A terrorist attack can happen at any time and any place.An invasion 侵略occurs when one country attacks another.It sends its army to the other country and attempts to take control.One of most famous invasions was when France invaded Russia in 1812.A defensive 防御的war occurs when a country is attacked and needs to defend itself.Most of countries have military so that it can defend itself if it ' s attacked.When France invaded Russia in 1812, the Russia army fought a defensive war and defeated the French army.A cell 细胞is the basic unit of life.A cell is smallest structure that can live and reproduce.Cells grow and develop, reproduce and interact with the environment.Photosynthesis 光合作用/,foto's ?n θs??s/ was one of most important biological processes. It allows plants to capture and use light as an energy source.Photosynthesis is the process of converting light energy into chemical energy.A virus is small biological structure that attacks and enters cells. Once inside a cell, a virus reproduces and makes many copies of itself. Some diseases suchi nfluenza /,?nflu' ?nz?/ （流感）are viruses.Bacteria are one-celled forms of life that are all around us. Although they have a single cell structure, they are very important. Many bacteria are inside us and help us digest our food.DNA is a complex molecule that stores information and can make copies of itself.Nearly any cells in a person ' s body has the same DNA.The information stored in DNA tells cells what to do and it' s necessary for reproduction. L4 Unit 3-4 dialogue 旅馆更换房间Good evening, sir. How can I help you?Yes, we just check in and our room is unacceptable. It Is there something wrong with the room?Yes, there certainly is. We requested a non-smoking room but the room smiles of smoke.Let me check. Yes, that room is supposed to be a non-smoking room.Well, somebody certainly doesn 'fot llow the rules. The current smoke is cigars. We can hardly breath and thewindows don ' t open.can cause breathing problems.Yes, I understand your concern. Sir, I 'maf raid we don 'ht ave any other rooms with two double beds. If you ' ll excuse me, I will speak with my manager.Thank you. We were really tired and we would like to get rest as soon as possible.Yes, I understand. If you don't mind, could you wloauint gine th 休e 息室 near the elevators? I shouldn 't be long.Sure, I hope it doesn ' t take time.Good evening, I ' m the manager here. I ' m sorry to hear about your room.Yes, we are not happy and we were really tired. I hope you can help us. I ' m sure we can. Since we don' t have a-nsomthoekri n go nroom for you, we will upgrade your suite. Will that be ok?Yes, there will be fine. There is no extra cost, right.No, sir. There would be no extra charge.And it ' s n-somnoking, right.Yes, sir. I ' ve confirmed that -i s m n o kning.Thanks I really appreciate your help.It ' s my pleasure, sir. I hope you and your family have a wonderful stay with us. Here is my card. If there is anything else I can do for you, please let me know.I will. Have a good evening.s room 1810.Right, the windows don Yes,please. We certainly can t open, sir. I really sorry abouLt etht ims.e see if I can find you another room. t stay in that room. Both our kaidssth hm aav /'?zm ?/, so the smell of smoke。

英语流利说懂你英语企业定制学（全）Level4Unit3Part2DialogueLevel4 Unit3 Part2 DialogueHey, have you decided how you're going to vote?No, I haven't.I don't like any of the candidates.So you aren't going to vote?Hemmmm, I don't know, probably not.It seems like a waste of time.Really?Why do you think it's a waste of time?Have you listened to any of their speeches?Yes, I have, and I agree that the speeches aren't very good. Exactly.I can't believe anything they say.They are just saying what they think we want to hear.Sure they wanna get elected.I admit that the system isn't perfect, but it's all we have. Whether I vote or not won't make a difference.It's all a show.Well, I think you should vote.Do a little research about the candidates?Have you?Yes, I have.I've looked into the backgrounds, and education.How can that help?For example, if they know something about science, it could help the government make better decisions about issues such as climate change. Yes, that's a good point.We need well educated people making decisions.And I look to see what kind of people are supporting them.What issues do you think are most important?I guess for me, pollution, housing and taxes are important.I want to know how the government plans to deal with these issues.Yes, I agree with you.Maybe I will vote, especially if we can get together and talk more about it.What about dinner tomorrow night?Sorry, I'm busy tomorrow night.Oh, that's too bad.Do you have any time in the next few days?I'll take you to a nice restaurant.Actually, I'm quite busy.But I may have some time Sunday afternoon.We could have lunch somewhere near the office.Sure, that works for me.I'll give you a call on Saturday, and we can decide the details, OK? OK, I'll be looking forward to seeing which candidate you support.。

懂你英语Level4Unit1Part4L4-U1-P4 英语流利说4-1-4 懂你英语Level4 Unit1 Part4L4-U1-P4-1 Listening : Quick Serve 2.0Quick serve is a successful home repair company.It provides quick reliable repair services to homes.It was established 5 years ago and has been expanding rapidly.In the last two years, it has opened offices in three new cities. When was the company established? -It was established 5 years ago. In the last two years, it has opened offices in three new cities. Because of its rapid growth, it has to hire many new employees.In the last 6 months, it has hired 50 new employees.The total number of employees in the company is now over 500. And the number of customers has increased to more than 5000. How many people has the company hired in the past six months?-In the last 6 months, it has hired 50 new employees.How many customers does the company have? - The number of customers has increased to more than 5000.In the last two years, it has opened offices in three new cities.It was established 5 years ago and has been expanding rapidly. The number of customers has increased to more than 5000.The company has also improved its business model.Instead of offering only repair services, it can now help customers upgrade their appliances.Quick Serve does this by giving a choice.Customers can choose to repair an appliance or upgrade it by buying a new one.If they choose to buy a new one, they will get a discountedprice.So a customer can either repair a broken refrigerator for a small fee or buy a new one.If they choose to buy a new one, they will get a discounted price.So a customer can either repair a broken refrigerator for a small fee or buy a new one.If they buy a new one, they will get a discounted price, along with free installation.This is possible because several appliance manufacturers have agreed to give Quick Serve big discounts.Quick Serve then installs the new appliance and removes the old one. Feedback from customers has been positive.Who have agreed to give Quick Serve big discounts?-Several appliance manufacturers have agreed to give Quick Serve big discounts.Quick Serve then installs the new appliance and removes the old one.A high percentage of customers have taken advantage of this new service.As a result, Quick Serve has developed a great reputation.Its dedication to high quality service has proven to be successful.Its word-of-mouth approach to advertising has been cost effective. The appliance manufactures have also been happy with the results. Their growing relationship with Quick Serve has helped to increase their sales.What is the company dedicated to providing? -Its dedication to high quality service has proven to be successful.Quick Serve’s approach to business is proving to besuccessful.If they choose to buy a new one, they will get a discounted price. As a result, Quick Serve has developed a great reputation.Its dedication to high quality service has proven to be successful. So a customer can either repair a broken refrigerator for a small fee or buy a new one.L4-U1-P4-2 Listening : The World's PopulationThe world's population is growing.There are now over 7 billion people in the world.During the 20th century, the population grew from 1.65 billion to 6 billion.It's now growing at a rate of around 1.1 percent per year.That means an increase about 80 million per year.By 2024(two thousand twenty-four), the population is expected to be around 8 billion people.How fast is the world's population growing?- It's now growing at a rate of around 1.1 percent per year.The growth rate used to be higher.In the late 1960s (nineteen sixty s), the rate of growth was about 2%. Since then, the growth rate has declined.It is estimated that the growth rate will be less than 1% by 2020 (two thousand twenty).By the year 2050, the growth rate should be even less.What has happened to the growth rate?- It has declined since the late 1960s.Even with a declining growth rate, the population will continue to grow.But it will grow at a slower rate.In the past 50 years, the world's population has more than doubled. It has doubled from around 3 billion in 1960 to morethan 7 billion in 2011.Even with a declining growth rate, the population will continue to grow.The rate of growth varies by country.The growth rate in India is more than twice that of China.And the growth rate in Nigeria, which is in Africa, is more than twice India's growth rate.Russia, on the other hand, has had a negative growth rate in some years.When a country has a negative growth rate, its population is decreasing.When a country has a negative growth rate, its population is decreasing.The rate of growth varies by country.Since then, the growth rate has declined.It's now growing at a rate of around 1.1 percent per year.Even with a declining growth rate, the population will continue to grow.The growth rate in India is more than twice that of China.L4-U1-P4-3 Vocabulary : Contemporary PeopleCo-founder of Apple, Steve Jobs was a major figure in the computer industry.He was self-centered and difficult to work for, but he led the development of many great products.He died of cancer when he was just 56 years old.Jack Ma, is one of the richest and most famous men in China.He comes from a poor family and failed his college entrance exams twice.Despite his many failures, he has built one of the world's largest Internet companies.David Beckham is one of the world's richest and most famous athletes.He started playing professional football when he was just 17.Much of his success as an athlete is because he practiced harder than many other players.As a young girl in Pakistan, Malaya became famous for her writings on women's education.In 2012, She was shot in the head and nearly killed.She survived the injury and became the world's most famous teenager.Born in 1942, Stephen Hawking was one of the world's most famous scientists.When he was 23, he was diagnosed with ALS, a rare disease of the nerves.Because of his disease, he was unable to walk and talk.Who won the Nobel Peace Prize? -She has won many prizes, including the Nobel Peace Prize.Who has built a large Internet companies? - Despite his many failures, he has built one of the world's largest Internet companies.Who is one of the world's richest and most famous athletes? -David Beckham is one of the world's richest and most famous athletes.Who died of cancer? - He died of cancer when he was just 56 years old.Who has made important scientific discoveries?- Despite his condition, he has made important discoveries about the creation of the universe.He died of cancer when he was just 56 years old.Much of his success as an athlete is because he practicedharder than many other players.Despite his condition, he has made important discoveries aboutthe creation of the universe.Because of his disease, he was unable to walk and talk.He started playing professional football when he was just 17.Co-founder of Apple, Steve Jobs was a major figure in the computer industry.Much of his success as an athlete is because he practiced harder than many other players.L4-U1-P4-3 Vocabulary : Personality TypesShy people are usually quiet and uncomfortable around other people.They generally dislike going to social events such as parties.It's often difficult to make friends with a shy person because they won't open up.Outgoing people enjoy being with others and are comfortable in social situations.They are friendly and pleasant to be with, though sometimes they can't be trusted.Self-centered people like to be the center of attention.They like people to look at them, and pay attention to them.Self-centered people often talk too much, and don't listen enough.Selfish and greedy people don't share things with others.They keep things for themselves and always want more.People who are responsible and trustworthy are important in almost any situation.They can be depended on to get things done.These people can be trusted.What type of people are often uncomfortable in social situations? -Shy people are usually quiet and uncomfortable around other people.Who enjoys being the center of attention?- Self-centered people like to be the center of attention.What type of people are comfortable in social situations? - Outgoing people enjoy being with others and are comfortable in social situations.Who doesn't share things with others?- Selfish and greedy people don't share things with others.Who can be depended on?- They can be depended on to get things done.They generally dislike going to social events such as parties.Outgoing people often have many friends and can be quite popular.Greedy people want more than their share andcan cause many problems for others.Self-centered people like to be the center of attention.Selfish and greedy people don't share things with others.Shy people are usually quiet and uncomfortable around other people.People who are responsible and trustworthy are important in almost any situation.L4-U1-P4-5 Dialogue : Relationship Advice(M: Steven's friend S: Steven)M: Hey, Steven, you know I’m your friend, right?S: Sure, I know that. What are you trying to say?M: I’m sorry to say this. But I think you’re making a fool of yourself.S: How am I making a fool of myself?M: Your girlfriend is taking advantage of you.S: Taking advantage of me?M: Yes, I think so. She's just using you.To make a fool of someone means to make them look stupid.S: So, maybe she is. But I don’t mind. Even if she is using me, it’s OK. I’m using her too.M: What do you mean? Aren’t you in love with her?S: Yes, I’m in love with her. But that doesn’t mean I’m not usi ng her too.Steven doesn’t mind if his girlfriend is using him.M: I don’t understand. What do you mean?S: Maybe I’m using her because I enjoy being in love. I can’t imagine life without her. Even if she hurts me sometimes, I love her.What can't he imagine? -He can’t imagine life without her.M: Do you trust her?S: Yes, I trust her. She tells me what’s important to her. She’s honest with me. She has never l ied to me about anything important.To trust someone means ...you can believe what they say or promise to do.M: Are you honest with her?S: Yes, we are honest with each other, even when it hurts. And because we’re honest with each other, we trust each oth er.M: OK, so you don’t think you’re being taken advantage of.S: No, I don’t, as long as she is honest with me. The day she isn’t honest with me will be the end of our relationship. And when that happens, my heart will break. But until then, I’m her man.Why do they trust each other? -They trust each other because they’re honest with each other.M: OK, I think I understand. I didn’t think you knew what was going on.S: I’m not as stupid as I look, my friend. Being in love with her makes my life exiting.M: Well, I hope you’re right.What makes his life exiting? - Being in love with her makes his life exiting.Your girlfriend is taking advantage of you.I can’t imagine life without her.What are you trying to say?I’m sorry to say this. But I think you’re ma king a fool of yourself.They trust each other because they are honest with each other.。

Level4 Unit3 Part1 Listening - Time DistributionLook at these two pie graphs.They show how these two people spend their days, not including weekends.The one on the top shows how Emma divides up her days.She is a designer who works for a large company.As Emma's graph shows, the biggest portion of her day is spent working.She works an average of 8 hours a day, which is one third of her day.She gets an average of 6 hours of sleep, which is 25% of her day.That's less sleep than Martin gets.According to his graph, he gets an average of 7 hours of sleep, which is about 29% of his day.On the other hand, Martin, who is an engineer, works more hours than Emma does.Martin averages 9 hours a day at work, compared to Emma's 8.That's 37.5% compared to 33%.Other factors shown in the graphs include time for meals and commuting to work.Other activities include getting dressed and household chores, such as doing laundry and paying bills.As you can see, for Martin, commuting is taking a large amount of his time.If he could reduce his commute time, he would have more time for other things. And it isn't just the time.When the traffic is really heavy, his commute is stressful.It would be great if he could work from home one or two days a week.His life would be more enjoyable.And looking at Emma's graph, we see that she probably needs more sleep.Perhaps she should spend a bit less time socializing with her friends.On the other hand, socializing with her friends is something she really values.As for putting on makeup, she isn't willing to change that.For her, exercising, socializing and staying beautiful help her deal with the stress of work.In conclusion, Emma and Martin both wish that there were more hours in the day.Level4 Unit3 Part1 Listening - Job Satisfaction FactorsThis next graph shows how various factors compare in importance to 1350 job applicants.These applicants were between 20 and 25 years old.They were asked to list which factors were most important in a good job.As the graph shows, money was the most important factor for 25 percent of the applicants.However, other factors were also important.The second most important factor was the work environment.In other words, for many, money isn't everything.People want to like where they work.In fact, if we combine Work Environment and Co-workers, the total is 35%.This is well above the 25% for salary and benefits.Taken together, they are more important than salary and benefits.Career path is also important, especially for younger applicants.They want to see that their job helps build a successful career.For older workers, this may not be as important.Older workers often put a higher value on the balance between life and work. What do you think?(The best jobs satisfy several needs, not just salary and benefits.)Level4 Unit3 Part1 Vocabulary - Political TermsThe government of a country, is its control system.Governments make laws and provide services to their citizens.The land over which a government has control is its territory.A country's territory has boundaries or borders.When you leave or enter a country's territory, you usually need a passport.A country's military provides defense for its territory, and its citizens.The military includes an army, an air force, and a navy.The main purpose of a military is to defend a country from attack.A country's criminal justice system includes the police, courts, and prisons.Its purpose is to enforce the law and protect people from criminal activities.A country's social services system provides support to people in need.It provides basic health care services and helps poor people support their children.(Most of the citizens of a country live within its territory.)(The criminal justice system is responsible for enforcing the law.)(When a country wants to change its boundaries, there may be a war.)(The territory of a country is defined by its boundaries.)Level4 Unit3 Part1 Vocabulary - Types of GovernmentA state of anarchy exists when a country has no effective government.In an anarchy, there is nobody to make decisions or enforce the laws.An autocracy is the simplest form of government.In an autocracy, the government is controlled by a single individual, known asthe autocrat.Whether or not an autocracy is successful depends on the character and ability of the leader.In an oligarchy, a small group of people controls the government.Membership in this group often depends on family connections, wealth, or military power.In a republic, individuals are elected to represent the citizens.The power of the government in a republic is limited by a constitution.A constitution is a written document that makes the rules for a government to follow.This limits the power of the government.A constitution defines the relationship between the government and its citizens.(Bribery and corruption are common as a way to increase the wealth of the oligarchs.) (Without a good government,decisions that need t o be made,won’t be made.)(In a oligarchy,ordinary citizens may not be aware that they have little or no power.) (Without a government, there is nobody to make decisions or enforce the laws.)Level4 Unit3 Part1 Dialogue - Quitting a JobI hear you lost your job.Is that right?Yes, that's right.I quit.I quit because of the way my boss treats people.What happened?I wasn't feeling good one day, and he yelled at me.When I told him not to yell at me, he threatened me.Is that all?That's what bosses do.Sure, sometimes maybe.But my boss treated everyone badly, and I was tired of it.It was the last straw.The last straw?Yes, you know, it reached the point *where I couldn't take it anymore.I see.So now you don't have a job?Right, I don't have a job.But at least I don't have to deal with my boss anymore.What are you going to do now?To be honest, I'm not sure, but I'll find something.I'll get a job, even if it pays less than before.Are you sorry you quit?Yes, and no.I guess I should have found another job first, and then quit.Why didn't you?As I said, he pushed me too far.There are some things that I just won't take.What about your wife?She isn't happy that I don't have a job, but she understands.She knows I have a temper.And she knows I wasn't happy working there.Well, I guess I'm lucky.My job isn't great, but I like the people I'm working with, and I like my manager. Are you planning to stay there?I don't know.For now it's OK, but of course it all depends on how things change.Well if you hear of any job openings, let me know, OK?Sure, send me your resume, and I'll let people know you're looking.Thanks.(His boss pushed him too far one too many times, so he couldn't wait to quit.) (His boss treated him badly one too many times.)(He treated his employees badly.)(He isn't sure what he is going to do.)Level4 Unit3 Part2 Listening - Story of Lang Lang 1Lang Lang is one of the world's greatest concert pianists.His first contact with western music was when he was just two years old.He watched a cartoon in which a cat played a famous piece by Franz Liszt.From this experience, he decided he wanted to learn to play the piano.When he was three and half years old, he started piano lessons.Two years later he won first place in a piano competition.This early success gave his father high hopes that Lang Lang would become a great pianist.When Lang Lang was nine years old, his father quit his job and took him to Beijing. They left everything behind, including his mother who had to work.Lang Lang didn't want to leave her behind, but his father insisted.His father wanted him to study at the famous Central Conservatory of Music.When they moved to Beijing, they rented a flat in a poor area of the city.During this time, Lang Lang practiced for several hours a day.He started practicing at 5 o'clock, which upset his neighbors.They would often pound on his door and ask him to stop practicing.They were so angry that he often feared that they would beat him up.Level4 Unit3 Part2 Listening - Story of Lang Lang 2Lang Lang usually had piano lessons once a week to prepare for the Conservatory. Nearly 2000 students were applying for just 12 places at the Conservatory.His lessons were expensive and very difficult, especially because of his piano teacher. His music teacher didn't like Lang Lang.He called his teacher "Professor Angry" because she always gave him a hard time.One afternoon, his teacher told him he had no talent and told him to go home.Upon hearing the news, his father screamed and seemed to lose his mind.His father told him that everything was destroyed and there was no reason to live.He ordered Lang Lang to jump off the 11th-floor balcony.After this, Lang Lang almost went crazy.He didn't want to play the piano anymore.For several months he neither played the piano nor spoke to his father.Then some friends encouraged him to play a piece for them and he realized his great love of the piano.For the next 19 months he practiced hard and his father encourage him.Finally, when he was 10, he was accepted into the Conservatory with a full scholarship.In 1995, when he was 13 years old, he played music by Chopin in the Beijing Concert Hall.In that same year he won first place in an international competition for young musicians in Japan.When he was 15 he move to the United States and began studies with a famous pianist at the Curtis Institute.Since then his career has grown and he has become a major star.One American music critic called him "the biggest, most exciting keyboard talent I have encountered in many a year of attending piano recitals."In 2010, Lang Lang signed a recording contract for several million dollars.In 2011 he performed at the White House for Presidents Obama of the United States and Hu jintao of China.With all of his success and fame, Lang Lang tries to encourage others.He uses his fame to spread the popularity of classical music and encourage young musicians.And in the end, Lang Lang and his father have rebuilt their relationship.In his autobiography, Mr Lang dedicated the book to his mother and father. (When he played a piece for his friends, he realized how much he loved the piano.)Level4 Unit3 Part2 Vocabulary - Business and Economics A person's debt is how much he or she owes to others.Debt can be in the form of money, products, or services owed to someone else.If you borrow money, you are taking on new debt.An asset is something that has value, such as money, property, or even a nice personality.Assets can be used to pay off debts.Specialized knowledge or skills are also assets that can be used to get a job or earn money.Real estate is property, such as land, houses, and buildings.Buying, selling or renting property is the business of real estate.Buying and selling real estate is a popular form of investment.Inventory is a detailed list of items in one's possession.In business one's inventory is the supply of items that are ready for sale.If a store runs out of things to sell, it needs to resupply its inventory.An investment, is the purchase of an asset with the hope that its value will increase.A good investment will produce income, such as rental income.If the value of an asset falls, the investment will lose money.(When you use a credit card, you are taking on debt.)(If you buy a house and get a loan, the amount you owe on your loan is part of your debt.)(When you sell an asset at a higher price than what you paid for it, you have made a profit.)(Learning a new skill is a good investmentif it can get you a better job.)Level4 Unit3 Part2 Vocabulary - Countries and Continents China is the second-largest country in the world by land area.A major issue for China is the continuing expansion of its deserts, which have led to dust storm each spring.South Asia is referred to as the Indian subcontinent.It's called a subcontinent because it is separated from the rest of Asia by mountains and seas.It is one of the world's poorest regions with about 75% of the poor livingin rural areas.Europe is the western neighbor of Asia.It is separated from Asia by the Ural mountains which extend for 1500 miles and a north-south direction from the Arctic Ocean.The Philippines is the only country in Asia with a majority of Christians.The Philippines is an island nation with over 7000 islands.It's located in the South China sea.The country's capital city is Manila.Asia is the world's largest continent, covering about 30% of the Earth's land area.Several island nations are also a part of Asia, including Japan.The world's tallest mountains are in Asia, including Mt Everest.(The traditional boundary line between them is the Ural mountain range.)(Forty percent of the world's poor live here.)Level4 Unit3 Part2 Dialogue - Election & Voting Hey, have you decided how you're going to vote?No, I haven't.I don't like any of the candidates.So you aren't going to vote?Hemmmm, I don't know, probably not.It seems like a waste of time.Really?Why do you think it's a waste of time?Have you listened to any of their speeches?Yes, I have, and I agree that the speeches aren't very good. Exactly.I can't believe anything they say.They are just saying what they think we want to hear.Sure they wanna get elected.I admit that the system isn't perfect, but it's all we have.Whether I vote or not won't make a difference.It's all a show.Well, I think you should vote.Do a little research about the candidates.Have you?Yes, I have.I've looked into the backgrounds, and education.How can that help?For example, if they know something about science, it could help the government make better decisions about issues such as climate change.Yes, that's a good point.We need well educated people making decisions.And I look to see what kind of people are supporting them.What issues do you think are most important?I guess for me, pollution, housing and taxes are important.I want to know how the government plans to deal with these issues.Yes, I agree with you.Maybe I will vote, especially if we can get together and talk more about it.What about dinner tomorrow night?Sorry, I'm busy tomorrow night.Oh, that's too bad.Do you have any time in the next few days?I'll take you to a nice restaurant.Actually, I'm quite busy.But I may have some time Sunday afternoon.We could have lunch somewhere near the office.Sure, that works for me.I'll give you a call on Saturday, and we can decide the details, OK?OK, I'll be looking forward to seeing which candidate you support.(She's looked into their backgrounds and education.)Level4 Unit3 Part3 Listening - Honey Bee Pollination Honeybees play an interesting and important role in nature.In addition to making honey, honeybees help many plants reproduce.They do this by pollinating the plant, which means to transfer pollen.Pollination occurs when pollen is moved within a plant's flower or carried to another flower.This is how the plants reproduce.For reproduction to succeed, the pollen must be transferred from the male part of a flower to the female part.Many plants depend on pollination for reproduction.These include many fruits and vegetables.Besides honeybees, there are many other pollinators, including birds, insects and other kinds of bees.Without enough pollinators, many of our favorite fruits and vegetables would become more expensive and hard to find.These include almonds and cherries.Honeybees are important pollinators and play an important role in agriculture. Beekeepers are people who keep honeybees.In addition to collecting honey, some beekeepers provide pollination services to farmers.They do this by raising and managing colonies of bees.Farmers need the colonies to pollinate their crops.Beekeepers can provide and manage bee colonies for farmers.Level4 Unit3 Part3 Listening - Colony CollapseHoney bees are social insects that live in colonies.A bee colony consists of a queen bee, male drones and thousands of female worker bees.Each colony also contains eggs and immature bees in various stages of development.The number of bees within a colony depends on seasonal changes.A colony's population increases during the warm seasons and decreases during colder seasons.In recent years, many bee colonies have collapsed, or disappeared.A bee colony collapse occurs when a majority of the bees in a colony disappear and leave behind the queen.Some beekeepers have reported losing 30 to 90 percent of their colonies.This loss of bee colonies can cause significant problems for farmers who depend on them to pollinate their crops.In some parts of the world a shortage of bees has increased the cost of renting bees by up to 20%.There are several possible causes for bee colony collapse.One possible cause is the use of new pesticides.Other possible causes include infections from viruses, genetic factors,and malnutrition.Changing weather patterns may also play a role as summers get hotter and winters get colder.These changes in weather may weaken the bees, making it more difficult for them to fight infections.Whatever the cause of colony collapse, it's important to understand that many parts of our world are interdependent.Changes that affect one species may have serious effects on other species.A change to our environment can start a chain of events that is difficult to predict.In any complex system such as the Earth's environment, small changes canhave unforeseen consequences.The danger of unforeseen consequences is something we all need to understand better.(The Earth's environment is an extremely complex system.)(In addition to making honey, honeybees help many plants reproduce.)Level4 Unit3 Part3 Vocabulary - Business and Economics Goods and services supply what people need or want.Goods are things such as food and clothing.Services include things such as health care and police protection.A country needs natural and human resources.Natural resources include fresh water supplies, farmland and energy sources such as oil and wind.Human resources include a skilled workforce that can produce goods and services.Once we have a supply of goods or services, they need to be distributed throughout a country.Highways and railways are both ways to transport things from one part of a country to another.Electricity is distributed through a system of transmission lines.We live in an age of advertising.Advertising lets people know about goods and services.It educates people about the products being advertised.Trade allows for the exchange of goods and services between different countries. Exports are goods and services that are sold to another country.Imports are goods and services that are bought from another country.For example, many countries import oil from countries such as Saudi Arabia.(Education and training are ways to develop a skilled workforce.)(Without a system of distribution, goods and services cannot be supplied throughout a country.)Level4 Unit3 Part3 Vocabulary - Career BuildingEmployees are the people who work for a company.Some employees do basic work, such as operating a machine or driving a truck.The people who hire and direct the work of other employees are managers. Interviews are one way to find out about a person who applies for a job.In an interview, a job applicant can ask questions about a company, and the company can find out about a person's skills and experience.An entrepreneur is someone who starts a new company.Entrepreneurs often have new ideas and ways of doing things that can give their company an advantage.Salary and benefits are used to attract new employees into a company.If the salary and benefits are good enough, employees may take the job, and stay with the company.Benefits include vacation time, health insurance and bonuses for employees who do a good job.When applying for a job, it's important to have the skills and experience needed for the job.Developing and increasing skills and experience is a good way to prepare for a good job.Each job a person has is an opportunity to learn new things and develop new skills.(A raise in salary is an example of benefits.)(Advertisers try to increase the demand for a product or service.)Level4 Unit3 Part3 Dialogue - Landlord TroubleYou don't look good.Is something bothering you?Yes, it's my landlord.Oh, it there something wrong with your flat?No, there is nothing wrong with the flat.But I'm going to have to move out.Why do you have to move out?For the last two months, a friend has been staying with me.She is staying until she can find a job.That's nice of you.Yes, but I'm not supposed to have anyone staying there.Was that in the rental agreement?Yes, it was.It's okay if a friend stays for a few days, but not for more than that.So you broke the agreement, even though it was for a good reason. Anyway, one of my neighbors told the landlord about my friend.So now I'm in trouble.The landlord is angry and says she can't trust me.That's ridiculous.I told her about my friend and how I'm trying to help her, but she doesn't care.Wow, she doesn't sound very nice.That's right, she isn't nice.She is just interested in money.In fact, she is going to keep my security deposit.How can she do that?Nothing is damage, right?Right, everything in the flat is fine.She's keeping the deposit because I broke the rental agreement.What about your rent?Yes, that's another problem.I've already paid three months rent, so I hope I get it back. What can you do if she doesn't return it?I don't know.I'll talk to my agent.He's nice, and maybe he can help.Maybe I should refuse to leave the flat until I get it back.Be sure to take pictures of the flat.What for?Just to show the condition of the flat.Then she can't say your friend damage it in anyway.Good idea.She's a small-minded, evil woman.I should never have rented it from her in the first place.(One of her neighbors told the landlord about her friend.) (Her friend was going to stay until she could find a job.) (She has paid 3 months' rent in advance.)(The landlord is going to keep the security deposit.)Level4 Unit3 Part4 Listening - Dream JobsWhat kind of careers are the best, and what are the qualifications?One of the most popular careers for kids is to become an astronaut.Many kids dream of going into space when they grow up.They dream of working on a space station or exploring deep space.To become an astronaut it's important to have the right background.Many astronauts have a background in engineering, physics or medicine. sometimes they have a military background, such as flying military aircraft.As for pay, astronauts can earn a good salary, but not great.Another popular career is to become a musician or actor.Many kids dream of becoming famous singers or movie stars.However, most musicians and actors don't become famous.They are usually paid by the hour or by the performance.Only a very few earn lots of money.So the best advice is not to become a musician or actor unless that's your real passion.Becoming a professional athlete is another dream job for many.It's nice to imagine playing a favorite sport and getting paid for it.However, becoming a professional athlete takes a lot of work and practice.Great athletes practice for hours a day with teammates and coaches.They also work regularly with trainers to keep their bodies strong.The level of pay for athletes depends on the success and level of their performance. Athletes often have short careers because of the physical requirements of their sport.When they are no longer able to compete at a high level, some athletes become coaches.Firefighters and police officers are important jobs that help and protect people.These careers require applicants to complete training programs and pass written and physical tests.These jobs can be exciting and dangerous, so they require courage and sometimes sacrifice.Level4 Unit3 Part4 Listening - Jobs & WagesWhen considering salary and benefits, some of the lowest paying jobs are inthe hospitality and beauty industries.For example, food service workers and hair stylists generally have low salaries. These kinds of jobs don't require much education or training.But again, if you enjoy what you are doing, that may be good enough.For example, you may really enjoy talking with your customers.Spending your life doing something you dislike can be very unsatisfying, even if the salary is high.Some of the highest paid professions include doctors, lawyers and scientists. However, these professions require high levels of education and training.The path to becoming a doctor, for example, is a long one.Doctors require a university degree, several years in medical school and several more years of experience.Only then are they certified as a medical doctor, or MD.So it doesn't make sense to consider these professions unless you are willing to work hard for many years.And of course, you should really care about doing the work well.。