(完整版)英语流利说懂你英语Level4-Unit3

Level3 Unit3 Part1 Listening - Life & Conditions 1 There are many forms of life on Earth, including human beings.Life exists in a variety of conditions.Some forms of life live in a watery environment, like the oceans. Other forms of life can be found in very dry areas like deserts. However, for any form of life to exist, conditions must be right. When conditions are not right, that form of life will become extinct. To become extinct means to die out completely.Conditions must be right for life to exist.Millions of years ago there were forms of life that no longer exist. When conditions changed, these forms of life died out.One extinction event happened about 250 million years ago.This was the largest extinction event of all time.Many forms of life became extinct.96% of all life in the oceans died out.Most insects also became extinct.This event happened over a period of several million years.The causes of this extinction event are still unknown.Possible causes include large volcanic eruptions and global warming. Some scientists believe that there were several causes.They believe that a series of events caused the extinctions. Scientists are working to better understand what really happened.Level3 Unit3 Part1 Listening - Life & Conditions 2In modern times we humans face changing conditions.For humans to live, we need clean air and clean water.Pollution is now a growing problem around the world.Pollution poisons the air and water that we depend on.Polluted air makes people sick and afraid to go outside.Polluted water poisons our food supply.As a result, we never know which foods are safe to eat.Human beings cannot live in a poisoned environment.Therefore, pollution is a major threat to our existence.Humans need temperatures to be in a comfortable range.To be in a comfortable range means to be neither too hot nor too cold.With global warming, global temperatures are rising.As temperatures rise, the polar icecaps will melt.As the polar icecaps melt, ocean levels will rise.Areas of some countries will soon be under water.People will be forced to relocate from flooded areas.In nature, even small changes can sometimes have large effects.It’s difficult to predict what’s going to happen.The entire ecosystem that we depend on is changing.Some of these changes are irreversible.Irreversible changes cannot be undone.Let’s hope that humans are smart enough to understand how the world is changin g. With more understanding, we can make better choices about what to do.We can face the challenges of pollution and global warming.We need to do this before it’s too late.This planet Earth is our only home and we need to protect it.Level3 Unit3 Part1 Vocabulary - Forms of LifeMammals are covered by hair or fur, have a backbone and are warm-blooded.All female mammals produce milk for their young.Reptiles are covered by scales and include snakes, lizards and turtles.Reptiles have a backbone and are cold-blooded, which means they often rely on external sources of heat.Birds are covered by feathers and are warm-blooded.Most birds can fly and many types of birds migrate great distances.Most insects such as ants and bees have a small, 3-part body with 3-pairs of legs.Some insects, like mosquitoes, spread diseases that cause the deaths of many humans.Unlike animals, plants get the energy that they need from the sun.Plants convert light energy, along with carbon-dioxide and water, into chemical energy.Level3 Unit3 Part1 Vocabulary – InstrumentsScales and rulers are used to measure weight and length.Units of weight include kilograms and pounds, and units of length include centimeters and inches.These instruments are used to observe very large and very small objects.Telescopes are used by astronomers, and microscopes are used by biologists and doctors.These appliances are used in the kitchens of almost every home.Stoves are used to heat food and refrigerators are used to keep foods cool or cold.Household tools like these are used to build and repair things.Hammers are used to pound in nails and screwdrivers are used to turn a screw.Level3 Unit3 Part1 Dialogue - Dating AnniversaryDo you know what day it is today?What do you mean?Is it a special day?Oh, so you don’t remember.Remember what?What’s so special?It’s our anniversary.We started dating a year ago today.Oh, really? Sorry.Just a minute.What do you think this is?Oh, it’s a necklace.Do you like it?Yes, I do.It’s lov ely, especially the red heart.May I put it on?No, let me do it.So you did remember.Of course I remembered.It’s a very special day for both of us.I have something for you too.You do?Yes, but it will have to wait until later.Oh, I can’t wait.Tell me what it is.(It's the first year anniversary of their first date.)Can you guess what it is?Could you give me a hint?We went there six month ago.Oh, you mean Alfredo’s.Yes, aren't you excited?You said you really liked the food there.Yes, that’s true.I also remember the dessert, do you?Yes, but let’s not talk about that now.Let’s not ruin the surprise.Level3 Unit3 Part1 Dialogue - Fine Dining That restaurant looks nice.Yes, but it looks expensive.Let’s go in and look the menu.Wow, the menu looks great, especially the fish.Yes, it looks good, but look at those prices.Let’s try somewhere else.Sometimes it’s okay to spend a little money.Yes, but these prices are a bit too high, don’t you think?Yes, they are a bit high.But don’t you think I’m worth it?Let’s enjoy ourselves.Ah, ok, if you put it that way.Let’s see if we can get a table.I’m glad you have your credit card.I sure hope the food is good.Stop worrying.Let’s just enjoy.Level3 Unit3 Part2 Listening - QuickServe 1 QuickServe is a home repair company.It provides quick, reliable repair services to homes.QuickServe handles plumbing and electrical issues 24 hours a day.It also cleans roofs, fixes internet connections and replaces broken windows. For a small fee, customers subscribe to the service.Its main customers are the elderly, which means older people.Whenever customers have a problem, they can call for help.There is also a small service charge for each service call.The company was established 5 years ago, and is growing rapidly.It started in one city, but is now in 5 cities.The company plans to expand to 10 cities within the next 24 months.In each city, there is a small central office in a low-rent area of the city.The central office handles the business, advertising, payroll and billing.It also takes calls from customers, either online or by telephone.It takes calls 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.60% of the company’s employees work from their homes.When a customer calls in to central office, a service employee is contacted.The service employee then contacts the customer and sets up an appointment.These service employees are highly trained and provide excellent service.In emergencies, such as a serious plumbing problem, service can be provided within an hour.One reason for this is that the service employees live in different parts of the city.They are not centrally located, so it’s quicker and easier for them to travel to a customer’s home.Level3 Unit3 Part2 Listening - QuickServe 2QuickServe has an excellent reputation.Its prices are reasonable and its services are quick and efficient.The company’s service employees are clean, polite and efficient.In this type of business, person to person contact is the key to success.With each satisfied customer, more customers subscribe.Satisfied customers recommend QuickServe to their friends.This kind of word-of-mouth advertising is very cost effective.Cost effective means that the results are good without paying a high price.In other words, quality service provides its own reward to the company.The company takes great pride in being honest with its customers.There are no hidden charges for their services.As a result, the number of customers in each city is growing rapidly.With the aging population, there are more elderly people who need home repair services.These people need to have confidence in the service provider.They don’t want to be cheated.These people don’t mind paying a reasonable fee for high quality service.High quality service should be rewarded.The company provides a range of service plans, each with a different subscription price.The least expensive service plan is called the basic plan.This plan provides non-emergency services with a very low service charge.The most expensive service plan is their VIP plan.The VIP plan provides emergency services 24 hours a day with no additional service charge.It also provides rebates to customers who don’t call for any service during the year.In addition, QuickServe gives bonus points to customers for each year that they subscribe.These bonus points can be used to buy new appliances such as stoves and refrigerators.If the business continues to grow, the owners may decide to take the company public. This means that the public can buy shares of the company.It will then change from a privately-owned company to a public company.The owners believe that their business is successful and can expand around the world. They also believe that taking their company public can make them rich.Level3 Unit3 Part2 Vocabulary – SciencesBiology is the study of life, including its structure and evolution.Biologists study how life survives and reproduces.Chemistry is the study of matter, including the structure of atoms and molecules.Chemists study how various substances interact with each other.Astronomy is one of the oldest sciences.Astronomers study the structure and evolution of the universe, including the study of stars, planets, and galaxies.Geology is the study of the structure and history of the Earth and other planets.Geologists study different types of rocks, earthquakes and the different layers of the Earth.Mathematics is the study of numbers, shapes, patterns and change.Mathematics is used by all other branches of science.Level3 Unit3 Part2 Vocabulary – DisastersHere are some types of terrible events that hurt or kill people.Earthquakes are caused by forces deep within the Earth.During earthquakes, many people are often killed by collapsing buildings and bridges.Floods happen when rivers rise and overflow their banks.Floodwaters damage or destroy many houses and businesses.Fires destroy buildings, land and forests.There are many causes for fire, including lightning.In a hurricane, high winds destroy buildings, and sometimes cause flooding.Some hurricanes have winds of more than 200 miles an hour.Car accidents happen when cars collide, or when drivers lose control of their cars.One of the main causes of car accidents is driving too fast.Level3 Unit3 Part2 Dialogue - Desk Assembly What’s in that big box you are carrying?It’s a new desk.I just bought it and now I have to put it together.Do you need any help?No, I don’t think so.I just need to get my tools.I’ll need a screwdriver a nd maybe a hammer.Don’t forget to read the instructions.How are things going?I’m almost finished.Something doesn’t look right to me.The right side is higher than the left side.Oh, you are right.It looks like I put a couple of screws into the wrong places.So now you'll have to take it apart.Great. And I thought I was almost finished.I told you to read the instructions.Did you read them?No, I didn’t read them.I hate to read instructions.I looked them, but they were confusing.Well, this is what happens when you don’t.You were too impatient.Anyway, what can I do to help you?Would you get another screwdriver and help me unscrew some of these screws? OK, but next time please read the instructions.Level3 Unit3 Part2 Dialogue - Life and the UniverseDo you ever look up at the sky and think about life and universe?I did when I was a kid.But I don’t do that very much anymore.Why do you ask?Sometimes I feel like I'm lost in day-to-day details.Then when I look up at the sky, I see the big picture.I appreciate things more, even the little things.You sound like a philosopher or a poet.I felt like that too when I was a kid.Don’t you feel like that anymore?No, I don’t.In fact, I try not to.When I think about things too deeply, I get depressed.It’s even a bit frightening.Really? For me, it’s just the opposite.Everything seems like a wonderful miracle.Doesn’t that frighten you a bit?The universe is so large and we are so small.What I realize is how little we understand.We just need to appreciate our lives and not get lost.Sometimes being lost isn’t so bad.Do you know the expression, ignorance is bliss?Sure, I’ve heard it many times.To be ignorant is to be happy.Maybe it’s true.Maybe it’s best not to think or know too much.No, that’s not for me.I want to understand as much as possible.That’s why I became a scientist.Well, I respect your choice, but it’s not for me.If understanding is painful, I’d rather not understand.Level3 Unit3 Part3 Listening - Harry's Business Trip 1 Harry is on a business trip.Yesterday he was supposed to fly from San Francisco to Shanghai. However, things didn’t turn out the way they were supposed to.In fact, nothing went the way it was supposed to.Everything went w rong and he didn’t get on his flight.As a result, he is still in San Francisco.The following is a summary of what happened.Yesterday morning he got up as usual and had breakfast.Everything seemed to be fine and he was looking forward to the trip.He was just about to check out of his hotel when he felt a pain.It was a pain in his lower back.It was a dull pain at first -- not too bad.So he didn’t worry about it and checked out of the hotel.Then he got on the shuttle bus to the airport.About halfway to the airport, the pain in his back started to get worse.It was a growing pain, and he was beginning to worry.Soon it was difficult for him to sit in his seat.The pain was getting worse.He wanted to lie down.He started to sweat and breathe quickly.He was in real pain then.On a scale of 1 to 10, the pain was an 8.When the bus got to the airport, the bus driver helped him get off.It was difficult for him to walk, but he finally made it to the terminal. Inside the terminal, he went to th e men’s bathroom.He went to the toilet, but that didn’t help.Instead of improving, he felt dizzy and he threw up.By now he was wet from all his sweating.He knew he couldn’t get on his flight.Level3 Unit3 Part3 Listening - Harry's Business Trip 2 He used his phone to call the airline.He explained the situation and cancelled his reservation.Then he called 911 for emergency help.911 is the emergency number to call for help in the United States.An ambulance arrived about 10 minutes after he called.By then he was in so much pain that he could barely walk.Once inside the ambulance, they gave him oxygen to help him breathe.But the pain was still terrible.Then they drove him into a hospital near the airport.Luckily, the hospital was on his health plan.That means his health insurance is supposed to pay for everything.Medical costs in the United States are very high.When he arrived at the hospital, he was taken to the emergency room.After some tests, a doctor told him he had a kidney stone.It was a very small stone, but it caused a lot of pain.It was passing through a small tube in his body, from his kidney to his bladder. The pain would go away once it got to his bladder.Until then, he had to take pain medicine to reduce the pain.Harry didn’t have to stay at the hospital for very long.With the pain medicine, the pain went away very quickly.He took a taxi back to his hotel and checked in for another night.Then he called the airline and made a reservation for another flight.The flight will leave tomorrow.Until then he’ll just rest in his hotel.There may even be a good movie to watch.So, when you're travelling, please be prepared for emergencies.Make sure you have medical insurance.You never know when something like this can happen to you!So be prepared!Level3 Unit3 Part3 Vocabulary - Sources of EnergySolar energy is one of the cleanest and most plentiful sources of energy.Solar power depends on sunlight, so in cloudy weather and at night, no power is generated.Wind energy is non-polluting but is only useful in places where there is a lot of wind.Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical power.Nuclear energy is efficient and doesn’t produce carbon gases as a waste product.The dangers of nuclear power include deadly radioactive waste products.A major source of energy comes from the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal and oil.When we burn fossil fuels, waste gases such as CO2 are produced.Fossil fuels remain the largest source of energy for most countries.Hydropower comes from the kinetic energy of falling water.Output is reliable and can be regulated to meet the demand, except during periods of drought.(Dams are expensive to build and affect wildlife such as fish.)Level3 Unit3 Part3 Vocabulary - Types of wordsHere are some different types of words in English.Words that are nouns or pronouns are used to represent objects.A noun or a pronoun can be a person, an animal or a thing, including an idea.Verbs are used to express actions, such as to sit down or stand up.We also use verbs to express relationships, such as to love someone or to own something.We use adjectives to describe objects, such as a tall building.Adjectives are used with nouns and pronouns, but not with verbs.We use adverbs to describe actions, such as to run fast or to walk slowly.Adverbs express the quality of an action, such as how well or poorly something is done.We use conjunctions to connect things or actions, such as to read and write.Conjunctions include words such as and, or, because, but and yet.Level3 Unit3 Part3 Dialogue - Good News & Bad News Hey, I’ve got some news, some good news and some bad news.OK, give me the bad news first.We're moving to a new office.When is this going to happen?We are supposed to move at the end of next month.How far away is the new office?We are not sure yet, but it will mean a longer commute for most of us.The new office will probably be on the other side of the city.The commute is already too long f or me and I’m not going to change flats.We just bought one.Anyway, what’s the good news?The good news is that we are going to expand.The company is growing so we are gonna hire more people.Well, I’ve got some news for you too.I hope it’s a good n ews.Well, that depends on your point of view.I’m planning to start my own business.Why? I thought you were happy working here.I like the work, but I’m not learning anything new.I think I can do better on my own.I was planning to wait a few months.But now that the office is moving, I’m ready to make the change. What does your wife think?She’s in favor of it and she'll help me.She’s already designing a website.We’ll work from home at first.So you really are serious about this?You’re taking a big risk.Most new businesses fail.Yes, I know, but if I don’t do it now, I never will.I’m tired of working for others.I know what you mean.Don’t tell anyone about this, OK?It’s still a secret.Sure, I won’t say anything to anybody.I’m sure this will come as a surprise to everyone.I’m sure changing offices will also come as a surprise to people. This is exactly why I want to work on my own.I don’t like these kinds of surprises.You are right about that.When are you gonna let people know?I’ll make the announcement at the beginning of next month.Level3 Unit3 Part4 Listening - Leonardo da Vinci 1 Leonardo da Vinci is one of the greatest geniuses of all time.He was a painter, an architect, an engineer and a scientist.He was born in Vinci, Italy in 1452.Vinci is a town just outside of the great Italian city, Florence.His name, da Vinci, means "of Vinci".Leonardo’s father was a lawyer and landowner, and his mother was a peasant. Leonardo’s parents were never married to each oth er.Leonardo lived with his mother until he was around 5 years old.When he was 5, he moved into the home of his father.By then his father had married a 16-year-old girl.Leonardo’s mother married another man and moved to another town.She had many more children after that, with several different men.In the end, Leonardo had more than 15 half-sisters and brothers.As a young man, Da Vinci didn’t go to school.He was educated at home in reading, writing and mathematics.In other subjects, he was mostly self-educated.He had access to books at his father’s home.Leonardo spent a lot of time outdoors and developed a strong interest in nature. He loved to observe things, especially birds.He was also interested in the properties of water.Level3 Unit3 Part4 Listening - Leonardo da Vinci 2 Leonardo’s early drawings and paintings demonstrated a rare talent.His father and his father’s friends recognized his talent and encouraged him.When he was 15, he was sent to Florence.In Florence, he became an apprentice to a famous master painter.For the next few years, Leonardo worked at his master’s workshop.It wasn’t long before his ability surpassed that of his master.Some people say that his master became jealous of Leonardo’s great talent.They say that the master vowed to never paint again!In 1478, with his father’s help, Leonardo set up his own workshop.In 1482, he entered the service of a powerful man in the city of Milan.This man was the Duke of Milan.For the next few years Leonardo designed buildings, machinery and weapons of war.Weapons were important because Italy was constantly at war during this period.From 1485 to 1490, Leonardo produced designs for a variety of weapons.In his notes, he predicted the development of advanced weapons such as submarines and flying machines.In 1499, the French invaded Italy and Leonardo left Milan.Altogether, Leonardo spent 17 years in Milan.During this period, he spent much of his time studying nature.He dissected bodies, both human and animal, to study and illustrate anatomy.His detailed illustrations are masterpieces.Leonardo filled many notebooks with drawings and ideas.He wrote backwards so you need a mirror to read them.After 1500, Leonardo spent time in a number of Italian cities.He worked very slowly, and the range of his interests was very wide.As a result, Leonardo left many paintings and projects unfinished.One painting that he did finish was the Mona Lisa, one of the world’s most famous paintings.People are still interested in this painting, 500 years after he painted it.Though there are many theories, nobody knows who the woman in the painting really was.In 1516 Leonardo left Italy for good when the French King, Francis I, offered him a position.There, he had the freedom to paint and draw whatever he wanted.Leonardo died in 1519, at the age of 67.Some say that the French King, who had become a close friend, was with him when he died.He was buried in a church which was destroyed during the French Revolution.The exact location of his remains is unknown.Level3 Unit3 Part4 Vocabulary - Sources of PollutionWaste water and carbon gases from farm animals are bad for the environment. Animals wastes and other chemicals flow into the ground and pollute water supplies.Exhaust gases from automobiles are a major cause of air pollution and global warming.As a result, many companies are trying to produce more efficient and cleaner cars.Pesticides and fertilizers are used by farmers to grow crops such as fruits and vegetables.These chemicals pollute water supplies when they flow into the ground or rivers.Factories like this one allow harmful chemicals to get into the air or water.Companies need to try harder to protect the environment and our health.Nuclear waste products are radioactive and can pollute the environment for thousands of years.They need to be safely transported and stored in a safe place.Level3 Unit3 Part4 Vocabulary - Historical FiguresThe British writer, Jane Austen, was born in England in 1775, one of seven children.She wrote some of the most popular love stories of all time.One of the most famous female rulers in history, Cleopatra had affairs with Julius Caesar and later with Mark Antony.She was known for her great beauty and charming voice.Born in 1756, Mozart composed and performed some of the world’s greatest classical music.He was the youngest of 7 children and by the age of 5 he was already composing music.The son of a king, Alexander the great, was a military leader who created one of the largest empires in the ancient world.As a youth, Alexander was taught by the Greek philosopher Aristotle.Mahatma Gandhi was a 20th century leader who used nonviolent resistance to lead India to independence.Gandhi dedicated his life to the pursuit of truth.Level3 Unit3 Part4 Dialogue - An urgent CallI’d like to speak with Mr. Bennett, please.I’m sorry, but he’s not here right now.Would you like to leave a voice message?It’s urgent that I speak with him.It’s an emergency.Oh, I see.What kind of emergency?It’s very personal so I can’t give you any details.Without more details I’m afraid I can’t give you his number. Give me your number and I’ll let him know about your call. Then maybe he’ll call you back.Would that be okay?Sure, my number is 5834987.It would be great if he could call me within the next half hour.Level3 Unit3 Part4 Dialogue - Setting the Bill That was a great dinner.Here, put away your wallet, I’ll pay the bill.You paid last time, this time is my turn to pay.Hey, you don’t have a job, and I do, let me pay.Thanks for the offer, but I can handle it.Wait, let’s flip for it.Flip for it? What does that mean?Do you see this coin?This side is heads and the opposite side is tails.I’ll flip it up in the air.If it co mes down with heads facing up, I’ll pay.If tails are the up, you can pay.OK, that’s fine with me.Look, it’s heads up, so I’ll pay.Thanks, it’s very nice of you.It’s my pleasure.Do you want anything else, Sir?Would you like to see the desserts menu?No, thanks, I’m ready for the check.Here is my credit card.I’m sorry, Sir, but we don’t take credit cards.You’re joking, right?No, sir. I’m not joking.Do you see that sign? It says cash only.I didn’t see it when I came in.I don’t have enough cash to pay the bill.There is a bank down the street, Sir.If you let me hold your driver’s license, you can go and get the cash. OK, I hope the bank is open.The bank is closed, but you can use the ATM to get your cash.。

Honey Bee Pollination∙Honeybees play an interesting and important role in nature.∙In additional to making honey, honeybees help many plants reproduce.∙They do this by pollinating the plant which means to transfer pollen.∙Pollination occurs when pollen is moved within a plant’s flower or carried to another flower.∙This is how the plants reproduce.∙For reproduction to succeed, the pollen must be transferred from the male part of the flower to the female part.∙Many plants depend on pollination for reproduction.-Pollination is how help some plants?∙Many plants depend on pollination for reproduction.∙This included many fruits and vegetables.∙Besides honeybees, there are many other pollinators including birds, insects and other kinds of bees.∙Without enough pollinators, many of our favorite fruits and vegetables would become more expensive and hard to find.∙This include almonds and cherries.-What do many plants depend on for reproduction?-Besides honeybees, what are some other pollinators?∙Honeybees are important pollinators and play an important role in the agriculture.∙Beekeepers are people who keep honeybees.∙In addition to collecting honey, some beekeepers provide pollination services to farmers.∙They do this by raising and managing colonies of bees.∙Farmers need the colonies to pollinate their crops.∙Beekeepers can provide and manage bee colonies for farmers.-What's service do some beekeepers provide to farmers?-How do beekeepers provide pollination services?。

懂你英语Level4-Unit3Part4DialogueHotel ComplaintGood evening, sir. How can I help you?Yes, we just checked in and our room is unacceptable. it's room 1810.Is there something wrong with the room?Yes, there certainly is. We requested a non-smoking room but the room smells of smoke. -What's wrong with the room?Let me check. Yes, that room is supposed to be a non-smoking room.Well, somebody certainly didn't follow the rules. The curtain smell like a cigars. We can hardly breathe and the windows don't open.Right, the windows don't open, sir. I‘m really sorry about this. Let me see if I can find you another room.Yes, please. We certainly can't stay in that room. Both of our kids have asthma, so the smell of smoke can cause breathing problems.Yes, I understand your concern.Sir, I‘m afraid we don't have any other rooms with two double beds. If you'll excuse me, I'll speak with my manager.Thank you. We are really tired, and we would like to get some rest as soon as possible.Yes, I understand. If you don't mind, could you wait in the lounge near the elevators? I shouldn't be long.Sure, I hope it doesn't take time.-The hotel staff member is being polite and understanding.Good evening, sir. I'm the manager here and I'm sorry to hear about your room.Yes, we are not happy and we're really tired. I hope you can help us.I'm sure we can. Since we don't have another non-smoking room for you, I'll upgrade you to a suite. Would that be OK?Yes, that would be fine. There is no extra cost, right?No, sir. There would be no extra charge.And it's a non-smoking, right?Yes, sir. I have confirmed that is a non-smoking.Thanks, I really appreciate your help.It's my pleasure, sir. I hope you and your family have a wonderful stay with us. Here is my card. If there is anything else that I can do you, please let me know.I will. Have a good evening.Thank you, sir. And once again, let me apologize for the same inconvenience.。

懂你英语Level4Unit3Part4L4-U3-P4 英语流利说4-3-4 懂你英语Level4 Unit3 Part4L4-U3-P4-1 Listening : Dream JobsWhat kind of careers are the best, and what are the qualifications? One of the most popular careers for kids is to become an astronaut. Many kids dream of going into space when they grow up.They dream of working on a space station or exploring deep space. To become an astronaut, it's important to have the right background.Many astronauts have a background in engineering, physics or medicine.Sometimes they have a military background, such as flying military aircraft.As for pay, astronauts can earn a good salary but not great. Many kids dream of going into space when they grow up.To become an astronaut, it's important to have theright background.Another popular career is to become a musician or actor.Many kids dream of becoming famous singers or movie stars. However, most musicians and actors don't become famous.They are usually paid by the hour or by the performance.Only a very few earn lots of money.So the best advice is not to become a musician or actor unless that's your real passion.How likely is it that a musician or actor become famous? -It isn't likely.So the best advice is not to become a musician oractor unless that's your real passion.Becoming a professional athlete is another dream job for many.It's nice to imagine playing a favorite sport and getting paid for it.However, becoming a professional athlete takes a lot of work and practice.Great athletes practice for hours a day with teammates and coaches.They also work regularly with trainers to keep their bodies strong.The level of pay for athletes depends on the success and level of their performance.Athletes often have short careers because of the physical requirements of their sport.When they are no longer able to compete at a high level, some athletes become coaches.Athletes often have short careers because their bodies become weaker as they age.It's nice to imagine playing a favorite sport and getting paid for it.Firefighters and police officers are important jobs that help and protect people.These careers require applicants to complete training programs and pass written and physical tests.These jobs can be exciting and dangerous, so they require courage and sometimes sacrifice.These careers require applicantsto complete training programs and pass writtenand physical tests.Many kids dream of going into space when they grow up.Another popular career is to become a musician or actor.It's nice to imagine playing a favorite sport and getting paid for it.They dream of working on a space station or exploring deep space. These jobs can be exciting and dangerous, so they require courage and sometimes sacrifice.L4-U3-P4-2 Listening : Jobs and WagesWhen considering salary and benefits, some of the lowest paying jobs are in the hospitality and beauty industries.For example, food service workers and hair stylists generally have low salaries.These kinds of jobs don't require much education or training.But again, if you enjoy what you are doing, that may be good enough. For example, you may really enjoy talking with you customers.Spending your life doing something you dislike can be very unsatisfying, even if the salary is high.What kind of career can be very unsatisfying?- doing something you dislikeSome of the highest paid professions include doctors, lawyers and scientists.However, these professions require high levels of education and training.The path to becoming a doctor, for example, is a long one.Doctors require a university degree, several years in medical school and several more years of experience.Only then are they certified as a medical doctor, or MD.So it doesn't make sense to consider these professions, unless you are willing to work hard for many years.And of course, you should really care about doing the workwell.Doctors require a university degree, several yearsin medical school and several more years of experience. These kinds of jobs don't require much education or training.The path to becoming a doctor, for example, is a long one.But again, if you enjoy what you are doing, that may be good enough. And of course, you should really care about doing the work well. When considering salary and benefits, some of the lowest paying jobs are in the hospitality and beauty industries.L4-U3-P4-3 Vocabulary : Types of WarsCivil wars are fought between citizens of the same country and are fought within the country.If citizens of a country disagree about a policy or leader, they may fight a civil war.A world war is fought when countries form alliances, andthese alliances fight each other.A world war involves many or most of the world's most powerful countries.There were two world wars in the 20th century.Terrorism involves groups of individuals rather than countries.Terrorists may come from different countries and they may share the same beliefs.Terrorists often use car bombings and suicide attacks on innocent people.A terrorist attack can happen at any time and any place.An invasion occurs when one country attacks another.It sends its army into the other country and attempts to take control.One of the most famous invasions was when France invaded Russia in 1812.A defensive war occurs when a country is attacked and needs to defend itself.Most countries have a military so that it can defend itself if it's attacked.When France invaded Russia in 1812, the Russian army fought a defensive war and defeated the French army.What happens when citizens of a country fight each other?- Civil wars are fought between citizens of the same country and are fought within the country.What is it when one country sends its army into another country? -An invasion occurs when one country attacks another.What of war did Russia fight when it was invaded by France?-When France invaded Russia in 1812, the Russian army fought a defensive war and defeated the French army.What of war involves many countries?-A world war involves many or most of the world's most powerful countries.What involves groups of individuals rather thancountries?-Terrorism involves groups of individuals rather than countries.If citizens of a country disagree about a policy or leader, they may fight a civil war.Terrorism involves groups ofindividuals rather than countries.A defensive war occur s when a country is attacked and needs to defend itself.If citizens of a country disagree about a policy or leader, they may fight a civil war.Terrorism involves groups of individuals rather than countries.An invasion occurs when one country attacks another.Civil wars are fought between citizens of the same countryand are fought within the country.Terrorists may come from different countries and they may share the same beliefs.L4-U3-P4-4 Vocabulary : Biology TermsA cell is the basic unit of life.A cell is the smallest structure that can live and reproduce. Cells grow and develop, reproduce and interact with the environment. Photosynthesis is one of the most important biological processes. It allows plants to capture and use light as an energy source.Photosynthesis is the process of converting light energy into chemical energy.A virus is a small biological structure that attacks and enters cells.Once inside a cell, a virus reproduces and makes many copies of itself.Some diseases such as influenza are viruses.Bacteria are one-celled forms of life that are all around us. Although they have a single-cell structure, they are very important. Many bacteria are inside us and help us digest our food.DNA is a complex molecule that stores information and can make copies of itself.Nearly every cell in a person's body has the same DNA.The information stored in DNA tells cells what to do andis necessary for reproduction.What biological structure attacks and enters cells?- A virus is a small biological structure that attacks and enters cells.What complex molecule stores information about who and what we are?- DNA is a complex molecule that stores informationand can make copies of itself.What is the basic unit of life?- A cell is the basic unit of life.What process allows plants to use light as an energysource? -Photosynthesis allows plants to capture and use light as an energy source.What are one-celled forms of life?- Bacteria are one-celled forms of life that are all around us.A cell is the smallest structure that can live and reproduce.A virus is a small biological structure that attacks and enters cells.Many bacteria are inside us and help us digest our food.A cell is the basic unit of life.Some diseases such as influenza are viruses.Many bacteria are inside us and help us digest our food.A cell is the smallest structure that can live and reproduce.Although they have a single-cell structure, they are very important.L4-U3-P4-5 Dialogue : Hotel Complaint(W: Hotel Reception C: Customer M: Manager)W: Good evening, sir. How can I help you?C: Yes, we just checked in and our room is unacceptable. It's room 1810 (eighteen ten).W: Is there something wrong with the room?C: Yes, there certainly is. We requested a non-smoking room, but the room smells of smoke.What's wrong wrong with the room?- The room smells of smoke. W: Let me check. Yes, that room is supposed to be a non-smoking room.C: Well, somebody certainly didn't follow the rules. The curtains smell like cigars. We can hardly breath, and the windowswon't open.W: Right, the windows don't open, sir. I'm really sorry about this. Let me see if I can find you another room.C: Yes, please. We certainly can't stay in that room. Both of our kids have asthma, so the smell of smoke can cause breathing problems.W: Yes, I understand your concern.They can't stay in that room because it can cause breathing problems for their kids.Let me see if I can find you another room.W: Sir, I'm afraid we don't have any other rooms with two double beds. If you'll excuse me, I'll speak with my manager. Sorry about this.C: We're really tired and we would like to get some rest as soon as possible.W: Yes, I understand. If you don't mind, could you wait inthe lounge near the elevators? I shouldn't be long.C: Sure, I hope it doesn't take time.If you don't mind, could you wait in the lounge near the elevators?Is there something wrong with the room?The hotel stuff member is being polite and understanding.Yes, I understand your concern.We requested a non-smoking room, but the room smells of smoke.We're really tired and we would like to get some rest as soon as possible.M: Good evening sir, I'm the manager here, I'm sorry to hear about your room.C: Yes, we are not happy, and we are really tired. I hope youcan help us.M: I'm sure we can. Since we don't have another non-smoking room for you, I'll upgrade you to a suite. Would that be ok?C: Yes, that would be fine. There is no extra cost, right?M: No sir. There will be no extra charge.What does the manager offer to do?- upgrade them to a suiteC: And it's non-smoking, right?M: Yeah sir. I've confirmed that it's non-smoking.C: Thanks. I really appreciate your help.M: It's my pleasure, sir. I hope you and your family have a wonderful stay with us. Here is my card. If there is anything else I can do for you, please let me know.C: I will. Have a good evening.M: Thank you sir, and once again, let me apologize for the same inconvenience.The manager confirms that the suite is non-smoking room.I've confirmed that it's non-smoking.The manager confirms that it's a non-smoking room.He upgrades them to a suite.I'm the manager here, I'm sorry to hear about your room.I hope you and your family have a wonderful stay with us.。

Level4 Unit2 Part1 Listening - Extinction Events 1The Earth was formed about 4.6 billion years ago.The first life appeared about a billion years later.The first plants didn't appear until around 2 billion years ago.Until about 580 million years ago, life forms were small and microscopic. Since that time, life has evolved into many different types, or species. However, scientists estimate that more than 99% of them are now extinct.There have been several extinction events in the history of the Earth.In an extinction event many life forms, or species of life, die out.The causes of mass extinction events are unsolved mysteries.These events are not predictable and can happen at any time.Scientists think that some of them were started by asteroid impacts or volcanic eruptions.Events like these can change the global conditions that life depends on.One major extinction event happened about 66 million years ago.That event may have been started by a large asteroid that hit the Earth.As a result, the dinosaurs and about half of all species on the planet died out. When the asteroid hit the earth, it started a chain of events.A chain of events is a series of events linked together, like a chain.This particular chain of events happened over a period of months and years.When the asteroid hit the Earth, it caused a huge cloud of dust to enter the atmosphere.This cloud of dust blocked the sun and darkened the Earth for many months.Without enough sunlight, plants and plant-eating animals quickly died.With the deaths of so many plants and animals, the food chain collapsed.This led to the deaths of many more species.Mass extinction events have played an important part in the evolution of life.In fact, some extinction events have helped to accelerate evolution.For example, some mammals lived through the age of the dinosaurs, but they couldn't compete.When the dinosaurs were removed, the mammals were able to compete more successfully.Once they could compete, mammals evolved to a higher state.Without extinction events, perhaps we wouldn't be here today.Level4 Unit2 Part1 Listening - Extinction Events 2Scientists estimate that there have been at least 5 mass extinctions in the last 540 million years.They also believe that we have entered a new extinction event.Species are becoming extinct at a much faster rate than before.Instead of asteroids or volcanic eruptions, the current event is the result of human activities.Human activities, for example, have led to global warming.Global warming is the result of an increase in carbon gases in our atmosphere. These gases trap heat from the sun, so the Earth is getting warmer.As a result, sea levels are rising and weather patterns are changing.In addition, we humans are destroying the habitats of many plants and animals. Cutting down forests and polluting rivers destroys the habitats of many forms of life.There is no longer any doubt that this is happeningSpecies of life are disappearing at an increasing rate.Global temperatures are rising and weather patterns are changing.Scientists are warning us that fast action is necessary to save our future.If we don't act, we may go the way of the dinosaurs.(This new extinction event is caused by humans.)Level4 Unit2 Part1 Vocabulary - Body SystemsThe body's circulatory system includes the heart and blood vessels.The heart pumps blood to all parts of the body through a network of arteries and veins.The digestive system breaks down and absorbs food into the body.It supplies the energy that the body needs for growth and repair.After digestion, excess food is turned into waste and eliminated from the body. The nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord and nerves.This is your body's control system.It controls your muscles and organs, including your circulatory and digestive systems.The respiratory system includes the nose and lungs.It brings air and oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide.The lungs are where oxygen enters the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is removed.The immune system protects the body against infections and diseases.Sneezing and fever are examples of how the immune system works.If an infection invades the body, the immune system attacks it.(The blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart are called arteries.)(The digestive system is where food is broken down and absorbed into the body.)(The nervous system regulates your heartbeat and digestion.)Level4 Unit2 Part1 Vocabulary - Great DiscoveriesThe controlled use of fire allowed people to cook food and survive in the colder climates.Fire provided light so that people could work and socialize for longer hours.With the invention of agriculture, people could grow food and settle into communities.By growing food, people could spend less time hunting and more time for other things such as art.The domestication of animals allowed people to raise and use animals for food and work.By raising herds of animals such as sheep, humans had a regular supply of meat and clothing.The strength of animals such as horses and oxen was used for work and transportation.The development of tools and machines has resulted in moreefficient manufacturing and construction.With better tools and machines, work can be done with fewer people and at much lower costs.The development of science and engineering has improved many things, including communications.With an understanding of electricity, telephones and radios allow people to communicate over long distances.(Science and engineering have changed the way we communicate with each other.)(With the development of agriculture, people had more time for other activities.)(The use of machines has reduced the number of people needed to make things.)Level4 Unit2 Part1 Dialogue - Smartphone AddictionI took a vacation last night.What are you talking about?Where did you take your vacation?I didn't go anywhere.I just spent an evening without my smartphone.How was it?It was great. I got a real magazine and read it with no interruption.It was very peaceful.Yes, I haven't done that in a long time.You know what?I'm beginning to hate smartphones.Really? but you can't live without one, right?Yes, that's the problem.These things are changing the way people live.Yes, I just saw a documentary about that.A husband was complaining to his wife that she was spending too much time on her smartphone.What happened? Did they get a divorce?You guessed it. In the end, they got a divorce.It's a bit ironic, don't you think?Smartphone were supposed to bring people together, but they are pulling people apart.Yes, you are right.Hey, just a minute. I've got a message on my smartphone, and it can't wait. Level4 Unit2 Part1 Dialogue - Rude BossHey, wake up and get back to work.What's wrong with you?I'm on my break sir, and I have a bad headache.Well, we are not paying you to sleep.If you're going to sleep, sleep someplace else.Yes, sir, sorry, it won't happen again.It had better not.Just a minute.Don't talk to me like that.What did you say?You hurt me. you don't have to treat people like that.Well, if you don't like it, I suggest you leave.OK, I will. I've had enough of you.I'll get a job somewhere else.(The manager treats the employees in a threatening manner.) (The employee treats the manager respectfully.)Level4 Unit2 Part2 Listening - Point of View 1This man is holding a piece of fruit in his hand.The piece of fruit is either an orange or an apple.We can’t see which it is because we can’t see inside the box.The probability that it is an orange is equal to the probability that it is an apple. It may be an apple, and it may be an orange.It’s got to be one or the other.It can’t be anything else.Now let’s look at it from the man’s point of view.From his point of view, the probabilities are different.From his point of view, the probability that he has an orange is 100% or 0%. That’s because he knows what he has.For him there is no uncertainty.If he has an orange, the probability is 100%.If he doesn’t have an orange, the probability is 0%.He either has it or he doesn’t.From our point of view, the probability that he has an orange is 50%.From his point of view, the probability that he has an orange is 100% or 0%.So the probability depends on your point of view.Level4 Unit2 Part2 Listening - Point of View 2People see things from different points of view.This often leads to arguments between people.Here are some examples.From this man’s point of view, he is relaxing.He needs to relax because he has been working too hard.He hasn’t been getting enough sleep.His wife sees things differently.She isn’t aware of how hard he has been working.From her point of view, he is doing nothing.However, she knows what needs to be done around the house.It isn’t fair that she has to work while he does nothing.When people see things from different points of view, they often come to different conclusions.These differences can cause real communication problems.Level4 Unit2 Part2 Vocabulary – DisastersEarthquakes are caused by forces deep within the Earth.When the earth shakes, buildings can collapse and people can be buried inside.An explosion is a rapid, violent release of energy.Explosions can be caused by chemical reactions, such as inside an engine.A spark can ignite a mixture of gases, and release energy for good or destructive purposes.Accidents are often caused by people doing foolish things or by not being careful.One major cause of accidents is driving too fast.Accidents with fire can be very serious, and can result in very painful injuries.Epidemics are the rapid spread of a disease, such as the flu or ebola.Throughout history, epidemics have killed millions of people.Storms are caused by changes in the atmosphere resulting in high winds and heavy rain.Thunderstorms are caused by electric charges in the atmosphere that produce lightning, which can cause forest fires.Some storms cause flooding, and major damage to homes and cities.Followers of the islam religion are called Muslims.These Muslims are praying inside a mosque.Muslims are called to prayer 5 times a day, beginning just before sunrise. Christianity is based on the teaching of Jesus Christ, who lived more than 2000 years ago.Christians believe that Jesus is the son of god.Christians often gather in churches or cathedrals to worship.Followers of Judaism are called Jews.These Jews are meeting inside the synagogue, which is a place of worship and study.Judaism was founded over 35 hundred years ago, in the middle east.Judaism is based on the teaching of Moses, who they believe is the most important prophet.Buddhism began in India and is based on the teachings of the Buddha.The religion is about 25 hundred years old.Some Buddhists practice a form of meditation in which they empty their minds of any thought.Hinduism is the world’s third most popular religion and is the main religion of India.Hinduism has no founder and is a mixture of many beliefs.Some Hindus believe in the cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth.Level4 Unit2 Part2 Vocabulary – ReligionsvFollowers of the islam religion are called Muslims.These Muslims are praying inside a Mosque.Muslims are called to prayer 5 times a day, beginning just before sunrise.Christianity is based on the teaching of Jesus Christ, who lived more than 2000 years ago.Christians believe that Jesus is the son of god.Christians often gather in churches or cathedrals to worship.Followers of Judaism are called Jews.These Jews are meeting inside a synagogue, which is a place of worship and study.Judaism was founded over 35 hundred years ago in the Middle East.Judaism is based on the teachings of Moses, who they believe is the most important prophet.Buddhism began in India and is based on the teachings of the Buddha.The religion is about 25 hundred years old.Some Buddhists practice a form of meditation in which they empty their minds of any thought.Hinduism is the world’s third most popular religion and is the main religion of India.Hinduism has no founder and is a mixture of many beliefs.Some Hindus believe in the cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth.Level4 Unit2 Part2 Dialogue - Missing AircraftDo you have any more information about the location of the missing aircraft?No, we don’t. The only information we have is that it disappeared.What about the last communication with the aircraft?The last communication was about 15 minutes before it disappeared.Was there anything unusual in the communication?No, there wasn't anything unusual.Nothing pointed to any kind of problem.Anyway, we are confident that we will find it.It’s a large aircraft so it shouldn’t be difficult to find.How many countries are helping with the search.Right now, we have search teams from 3 countries starting the search.It’s a big area to search, so can you give us an estimate about how long it will take.Yes, it’s a big area so it might take a long time.But we won’t give up.We will search until we find it.Have they found the wreckage yet?What are you talking about?You know, the airplane that disappeared last year.Oh, yes, now I know what you are referring to.Yes, they found some piece of it.What about the black boxes?No, they still haven’t found the black boxes.It’s hard to believe they still don’t know what happened.Perhaps they’ll never know, especially if they don’t find the black boxes. Whatever happened to it, there is no good reason why a modern airline is allowed to disappear.I agree with you.Level4 Unit2 Part3 Listening - Alcatraz 1Alcatraz is a small island in San Francisco Bay, 1.5 miles from San Francisco.From Alcatraz, you can see the famous Golden Gate Bridge.Alcatraz is also famous and is now a major tourist attraction.Tourists can reach the island by boat from the city.Alcatraz has often appeared in movies, including "Escape from Alcatraz" which was made in 1979.One reason it’s famous is because it used to be a prison, a very special prison.It was designed for prisoners who were causing trouble in other prisons, such as trying to escape.It was a maximum security prison, so escape was almost impossible.The waters around it are cold, and only very strong swimmers can swim from the island to San Francisco.The first group of prisoners arrived in 1934.There were 137 prisoners, including bank robbers and murderers.They came by train from another prison in the state of Kansas.During that trip there was heavy security.The prisoners were under guard and handcuffed.Nobody wanted them to escape.Level4 Unit2 Part3 Listening - Alcatraz 2The prison was designed to hold up to 336 prisoners.However the average population was only about 270.Although there were several notorious inmates, such as Al Capone, most of the inmates were not well-known.Many had tried to escape from other prisons or were considered violent.If a man did not behave at another prison, he could be sent to Alcatraz.At Alcatraz there was just one inmate in each prison cell.Prison life at Alcatraz was highly structured and boring.It was designed to teach prisoners to follow rules.They had four rights: food, clothing, shelter, and medical care.Everything else was a privilege that had to be earned.Privileges included working, visits from family members, and access to the prison library.There were also activities such as painting and music.Once a prisoner showed that he could follow the rules, he could be transferred back to another prison to finish his sentence.Alcatraz was used as a prison for 29 years.During that time, no prisoner escaped successfully.There were 14 escape attempts, involving 36 prisoners.Twenty-three were caught alive, and six were shot and killed.2 men tried to escape twice.2 drowned and 5 were listed as missing and presumed drowned.The most violent escape attempt occurred on May 2nd, 1946 when 6 prisoners tried to escape.That event is called the "Battle of Alcatraz."While it was in use, Alcatraz held some of the most notorious criminals in American history, such as Al Capone.Al Capone was a crime boss who built his career in Chicago.The prison was finally closed in 1963.It was closed because it was too expensive to operate.(No prisoner ever escaped from Alcatraz.)Level4 Unit2 Part3 Vocabulary - Graphs & ChartsA bar graph uses rectangular bars of different lengths to show and compare data.The lengths of the bars are proportional to the values they represent.The bars can be vertical, up and down, or horizontal.A circle graph, often called a pie graph, is shaped like a circle.It is divided into segments that look like pieces of a pie.Percentages are used to compare the segments, which are ordered from biggest to smallest.Line graphs are used to show the relationship between two variables, such as time and distance.These variables are plotted on 2 axes, the X-axis and the Y-axis.The X-axis often shows time while the Y-axis shows how quantities, such as distance, temperature or profits change with time.A flowchart is a type of graph that shows how a process or project flows from start to finish.A flow chart consists of start points, inputs, outputs and decision points.An organizational chart, or org chart shows the structure of a company.It shows how people and departments within a company are connected.It defines the roles and responsibilities of people and departments within a company.(Line graphs are very good at showing how things change over time.)(A flowchart shows how a process or project flows from start to finish.)Level4 Unit2 Part3 Vocabulary - Legal TermsLaws are rules that people are supposed to follow.A system of laws governs the behavior of people within a country.Criminals are people who break the law.People who commit a crime are called criminals.Some criminals are very dangerous and need to be put in jail.A jail or prison is a place where criminals are locked behind bars, sometimes for many years.Prisons are designed to keep criminals away from other people.A courthouse is where someone charged with committing a crime goes on trial.In court, evidence is presented to show the guilt or innocence of the person on trial.When someone breaks the law, they may be arrested by the police.To arrest someone means to take and hold them until they go on trial.(An action that is against the law is an illegal action.)(Someone who commits a crime may be sent to prison.)(When a person is charged with breaking a law ,they are tried in a court of law.) (An action that follows the law is a legal action.)Level4 Unit2 Part3 Dialogue - Currency ExchangeMay I help you, sir?I’d like to change some US dollars into Japanese yen, please.Yes, certainly sir.How much would you like to change?I’d like to change 500 dollars.May I see your passport please?I don’t have it with me, but I do have my driver’s license.Would that be OK?No, I'm sorry, sir.I need to see your passport, it’s the law.Look, I’m not asking for a loan.I just want to convert my dollars into yen.Why do I need my passport?I understand your frustration sir, but that’s the law.I can not do something that is illegal.OK, do you have any suggestions?Sure, the easiest thing for you to do is to use a machine in one of the hotels near here.You can borrow someone’s passport and then do the conversion.So the machine doesn’t check my fingerprints or anything like that? No, sir. But there is a limit as to how much you can change at one time. You also have to pay a higher fee.Thanks for your help.You’re welcome, sir.Level4 Unit2 Part4 Listening - AI Capone 1AI Capone was one of the most famous criminals in American history.He came from an immigrant family.His parents came from Italy, and his father was a barber.As a boy, he belonged to a street gang.He quit school after finishing the 6th grade.He built his career as a crime boss in Chicago.He became boss at 26 when the previous leader was nearly killed.His crime organization made a lot of money, more than 100 million dollars a year.Most of the money came from illegal activities, especially the sale of illegal liquor. His organization was also involved in gambling and prostitution.Capone was a flashy dresser who enjoyed being famous.He protected himself by bribing police and public officials.Though he was involved in the deaths of many, he was never convicted of a serious crime.When he was finally arrested, it was for minor crimes.In 1929, he and his bodyguard were arrested for carrying deadly weapons.For that they were sentenced to a year in prison.Capone was released in nine months for good behavior.(When he went out,he loved to be the center of attention.)(The largest portion of its income was from the illegal sales of liquor.)Level4 Unit2 Part4 Listening - AI Capone 2In 1930, Capone was Public Enemy No.1 in Chicago.A year later he was arrested for failure to pay taxes.The government had finally found a way to catch him.After a trial, he was found guilty and sentenced to 11 years in prison.He spent the first two years of his sentence at a prison in Atlanta, Georgia. Then he was sent to Alcatraz, the country's most famous prison.At Alcatraz, he was diagnosed with a disease that began to take over his brain. As a result, he spent much of his time in the prison hospital.By the time he was released from prison in 1939, he was no longer able to lead his organization.He died of a stroke and pneumonia in 1947.Level4 Unit2 Part4 Vocabulary - Economic TermsIncome is money received for a work or from investments.For a company to survive, its income needs to be more than its expenses. People who earn a good salary can buy what they need to survive.A receipt is given to you after you have paid for something.A receipt is proof that you have paid for something.A receipt shows that something has been paid for.After paying for something, be sure to get a receipt.An invoice is a request for payments.An invoice lists the prices and products being bought.To invoice someone means to give them a bill for products or services. Once an invoice is paid, it can be used as a receipt.Taxes are what we pay to the government for government services. Taxes pay for many services, such as education, police, and health care. An income tax, is a tax on your income.In some countries, income taxes are very high.Interest is what we pay to lenders when we borrow money.If someone lends you money, you pay interest for the use of that money. （People pay taxes to pay for government services.）Level4 Unit2 Part4 Vocabulary - Personality Types Emotional people often show their feelings and have a bad temper. They make decisions based on the feelings more than facts. Sometimes these people make bad decisions because of their emotions. Leaders are people who take responsibility and are trusted by others. Good leaders make good decisions and get things done.In many situations, others look to them for leadership.Loyal people can be depended on to follow their leader.They will support and protect their leaders and friends.A strong team needs a good leader and loyal followers.Independent people can do things on their own.They often prefer working by themselves.Sometimes they have difficulty working in a group.Creative people come up with new ideas and ways of doing things.They often have a good imagination and can see things in different ways. Many artists and musicians are very creative.(Independent people may want to do things their own way.)(Loyal people will act to support the decisions of the group.)Level4 Unit2 Part4 Dialogue - A Video Project 1 Congratulations Lisa!Congratulations for what?We just heard the news.What news? Don't keep me in suspense.QuickServe has accepted your video proposal.Already？I just submitted it a week ago.Maybe so, but they like it so much that they made a quick decision. They want you to get started on it as soon as possible.That's great news. But I'm still working on some other projects.They need to be finished first.Can't you delay some of our other projects?I'm not sure, how important is this project?They are putting a lot of pressure on us now, especially since they read your proposal.They really like it.It's a very creative way of presenting their company.It had everybody laughing.Yes, that was the idea.It was fun to do, and our whole team thought it was funny.Well, great job.I think it's the best work your team has ever done.(She submitted her proposal a week ago.)(Everything depends on how important the project is.)(To delay something means to postpone it.)Level4 Unit2 Part4 Dialogue - A Video Project 2When can you get started on the project?Are they going to pay extra?In my proposal, I said the earliest start date would be one month after signing the contract.Was that in the proposal?Yes, it was. Have they signed the contract yet?No, they haven't, but I'm sure they will right awayThey'll also need to make an advance payment.That was in the proposal, too.We can't stop everything else just because they are excited. OK, I'll get back to them and let them know.Yes, please do, I've been through this kind of thing before. (They want to get started earlier than what was in the proposal.)。

L4 Unit 3-1 listening时间花费Look at these 2 pie graphs. They show how these 2 people spend their days, not including weekends. The one on the top shows how Emma divides up her days. She is a designer who works for a company.As Emma’s graph shows, the biggest portion of her day is spent w orking. She works an average of 8 hours a day, which is one third of her day. She gets an average of 6 hours to sleep which is 25% of her day. That’s less sleep than Martin gets. According to his graph, he gets an average of 7 hours to sleep which is about 29% of his day. On the other hand, Martine who is engineer, works more hours than Emma does. Martine average 9 hours a day at work co mpare to Emma’s 8. That’s 37.5% compare to 33%.Other factors shown in the graph included time for meals and commuting to work. Other activities include getting dress and doing household chores such as doing laundry and paying bills. As you can see, for Martin, commuting is taking a large amount of his time. If he could reduce his commute time, he will have more time for other things. And it isn’t just the time. When the traffic is really heavy his commute is stressful. It will be great if he can work from home one or two days a week. He life will be more enjoyable.And we look at Emma’s graph, we see she probably needs more sleep. Perhaps, she should spend a bit less time socializing with her friends. On the other hand, socializing with her friend is some thing she really values. As for putting on makeup, she isn’t willing to change that. For her, exercising, socializing and staying beautiful help her deal with the stressful work. In conclusion, Emma and Martin both wish there were more hours in a day.This next graph shows how various factors compare important to 1350 jobs applicants. Applicants were between 20 to 25 years ago. They were asked to list which factors were most important for a good job. As the graph shows, money was the most important factor for 25% of the applicants. However, other factors are also important. The second most important factor was the work environment. In other words, for many, money is everything. People want to like where they work. In fact, if we combine working environment andco-workers, the total is 35%. This is well above the 25% for salary and benefits. Taking together, they are more important than salary and benefits. Career path is also important especially for younger applicants.They want to see that their job helps to build a successful career. For older workers, this may not be as important. Older workers often put the higher value on the balance between life and work. What do you think.L4 Unit 3-1 vocabulary领土、军事、政治、政权状态The government of a country is a control system. Governments make laws and provide services to their citizens.The land over which a government has controlled, is its territory. A country’s territory has boundaries or borders. When you leave or enter a country’s territory, you usually need a passport.The territory of a country is defined by its boundaries.A country’s militaryprovidesdefensefor its territory and its citizens. The military includes an army, an air force and a navy. The main purpose of a military, is to defend a country from attack.A country’s criminal justice system includes the police, courts and prisons. Its purpose is to enforce the law and protect the people from criminal activities.A country social services system provides support to people in need. It provides basic health care services and helps poor people support their children.Anarchy n.混乱;无政府状态;无秩序autocracy n.独裁;独裁统治;独裁政府;独裁政体Oligarchy n.寡头统治的政府;寡头政治的执政集团;寡头统治的国家Astate of anarchy exits when a country has no effective government. In anarchy, there is nobody to make decisions or enforce the laws.An autocracy is the simplest form of government. In an autocracy, the government is controlled by single individual, known as autocrat. Whether or not an autocracy is successful, depends on the character and ability of the leader.In an oligarchy, a small group of people controls the government. Membership in this group often depends on family connection, wealth or military power.In a republic, individuals are elected to represent the citizens. The power of government in a republic is limited by a constitution.A constitution is a written document that makes the rules for a government to follow. This limits the power of a government. Aconstitution defines the relationship between the government and its citizens.L4 Unit 3-1 dialogue谈论工作Ihear you lost your job, is that right?Yes, that’s right. I quit. I quit because the way my boss treats people.What happen.I was n’t feeling good one day and he yelled at me. While I told him not to yell at me, he threatened me.Is that all. That’s what bosses do.Sure, sometime maybe. But my treated everyone badly and I was tired of it. It was the less *The last str ?Yes, it reached the point where I couldn’t take it anymore.I see. So now you d on’t have a job.Right, I don’t have a job.But at least I don’t have to deal with my boss thing. What are you going to do now?To be honest, I’m not sure. but I’ll fine something. I’ll get a job even if it pays less than before.Are you sorry your quit.Yes and no. I guess I should have found another job first and then quit.Why didn’t you.As I said, he pushed me too far. There were some things that I just won take.What about your wife.She isn’t happy that I don’t have a job but she understands. She knows I have temper.And she knows I wasn’t happy working there.Well, I get some luck. My job isn’t great. but I like the people I’m working with and I like my manager.Are you planning to stay there?Idon’t know.For now, it’s ok. But of course i t all depends on how things change. Well if you hear of any job openings, let me know, OK.Sure, send me your resume and I’ll let people know you’re looking. Thanks.L4 Unit 3-2 listening朗朗Lang Lang is one of the world’s greatest concert pianist. His first contact with western music was when he was just 2 years old. He watched the canton in which a cat played a famous piece by Franz Liszt. From this experience, he decided he wanted to learn to play piano. When he was 3 and a half years ago, he started piano lessons.2 years later, he won first place in the piano competition. This early success gave his father great hope that Lang Land will became the world greatest pianist.When Lang Lang was 9 years ago, his father quit his job and took him to Beijing. They left everything behind including his mother who had to work. Lang Lang didn’t want to leave her behind but his father insisted. His father wanted him to study at famous Central Conservatory of Music. When they moved to Beijing, they rented a flat in a poor area of the city. During this time, Lang Lang practiced several hours a day. They started practicing at 5 o’clock which upset his neighbors. They would often pound on his door and ask him to stop practicing. They were so angry that he often feared that they would beat him up.Lang Lang usually had piano lessons once a week to prepare for the conservatory. Nearly 2000 students were applying for just 12 places at the conservatory. His lessons were expensive and very difficult, especially because of his piano teacher. His music teacher didn’t like Lang Lang. he called his teacher professor Angry because she always gave him a hard time. One afternoon, his teacher told him he had no talent and told him to go home.Upon hearing the news, his father screamed and seemed to lose his mind. His father told him that everything was destroyed and there was no reason to live. He ordered Lang Lang to jumpoff the 11th-floor balcony. After this, Lang Lang almost went crazy. He didn’t want to play the piano anymore.For several months, he neither played the piano nor spoke to his father. Then some friends encouraged him to play a piece for them and he realized his great love of piano. For the next 19 months, he practiced hard and his father encouraged him. Finally, when he was ten, he was accepted into the Conservatory with a full scholarship. In 1995, when he was 13 years old, he played music by show * at Beijing concert hall. In that same year, he won first place at an international competition foryoung musicians in Japan. When he was 15, he moved to the United States and began to study with the famous pianist at C institute. Since then, he career has grown and he has become a major star. One of the American music critics called him the biggest most exiting key of talent I haven’t encountered many a year of attention piano recycles.In 2010, Lang Lang signed a recalling contract for several million dollars. In 2011, he performed at white house for president of Obama of United States and Hu Jintao of China.With all of his success and fame, Lang Lang tries to encourage others. He uses his fame to spread the popularity of classic music and encourage young musicians. And in the end, Lang Lang and his father have rebuilt their relationship. In his autobiography, Mr. Lang dedicated the book to his mother and father.L4 Unit 3-2 vocabulary财务、地理Aperson debt is how much he or she owes to others. Debt can be in the form of money, products and services owes to someone else. If you borrow money, they were taking on new debt.An asset is something that has value, such as money, property or even a nice personality. Assets can be used to pay off debts. Specialized knowledge or skills are also assets that can be used to get a job or earn money.Real estate is properties such as land, houses and buildings. Buying, selling or renting property is the business of real estate. Buying or selling real estate is popular for investments.Inventory is a detail list of items in one’s possession. In business, one’s inventory is the supply of items that are ready for sale. If a store runs out of the things for sale, it needs to resupply its inventory.An investment is the purchase of assets with the hope that its value will increase. A good investment can produce income, such as rent income. If the value of that assets falls, the investment will lose money.China is the second largest country in the world by land area. A major issue for china isthe continuing expansion of its desserts which had led the dust storms each spring. Many of the world most polluted cities are located there.South Asia is referred to as Indian sub-contin ent. It’s called thesub-continent because it separated from the rest of Asia by mountainsand sea. It’s one of world’s poorest region with about 75% of the poor living in rural areas.Europe is western neighbor of Asia. It’s separate d from Asia by Ural Mountains which extent for 1500 miles in the north south direction from the Antarctic ocean.The Philippines is the only country in Asia with a majority of Christians. The Philippines is an island Nation with over 7000 islands. It’s located on the south China sea. The country’s capital city is Manila.Asia is the world largest continent covering about 30% of the earth land area. Several island nations are also a part of Asia, including Japan. The world’s tallest mountain is in Asia, including Mount Everest.L4 Unit 3-2 dialogue谈论投票选举Hey, have you decided how you’re going to vote.Not, I haven’t. I don’t like any kind of candidates.So you aren’t going to vote.Mu. I don’t know. Probably not. It seems like a waste of time.Really, why do you think of a waste of time.Have you listened to any of their speeches?Yes, I have and I agree that their speeches are n’t very good.Exactly. I can’t believe anything they say. They are just saying what they think we want to hear.Sure, you want to get elected. I admit th at the system isn’t perfect and it’s always have. Whether I vote or not won’t make a difference. It’s all the show.Well, I think you should vote. Do a little research about the candidates.Have you?Yes, I have. I have looked into their backgrounds and their education.How can that help?For example, if they know something about science, it could help the government make a better decision about issues such as climate change.Yes, that’s good point. We need well-educated people make decisions.And I look to see what kind of people are supporting them.What issues do you think are most important?I guess for me, pollution, housing and taxes are important. I want to know howgovernment plans to deal with these issues.Yes, I agree with you. Maybe I will vote, especially if we could get together and talk more about it.Whatabout dinner tomorrow night?Sorry, I’m busy tomorrow night.Oh, that’s too bad. Do you have any time in the next few days? I will take you to a nice restaurant.Actually, I’m quite busy. But I may have time Sunday afternoon. We can have lunch someone near the office.Sure, that was for me. I will give you a call on Saturday and we can decide the details, ok? OK, I will be looking forward to seeing which candidate you support.L4 Unit 3-3 listening蜜蜂、蜂农与环境Honeybees play an interesting and important role in nature. In additional to making honey, honeybees help many plants reproduce. They do this by pollinating the plant which means to transfer pollen. Pollination occurs when pollen is moved within a plant’s flower or carried to another flower. This is how the plant reproduce. For reproduction to succeed, the pollen must be transferred from the male part of the flower to the female part. Many plants depend on the pollen for reproduction. This included many fruits and vegetables. Beside honeybees, there are many other pollinators including birds, insects and other kind of bees. Without enough pollinators, many of our favorite fruits and vegetable will become more expensive and hard to find. This included almonds and cherries.Honeybee are important pollinators and play an important role in agriculture. Beekeepers are people who keep honeybees. In addition to collecting honey, some beekeepers provide pollination services for farmers. They do this by raising and managing colonis of bees. Farmersneed colonies to pollinate their crops. Beekeepers can provide and manage of bee colonies to farmers.Honeybees are social insects that live in colonies. A bee colony consists of a queen bee, male drones and thousands of male worker bees. Each colony also contains eggs and immature bees in various stage of development. The number of bees within a colony depends on the seasonal changes. A colony’s population increase s during the warm season and decreases during the colder season.In recent year, many bee colonies have collapsed or disappeared. A bee colony collapses occurs when a majority of bee in colony disappear and leave behind the queen.Some beekeepers have reported losing 30 to90 % of their colonies. This loss of bee colonies can cause significant problems for farmers who depend on them to pollinate their crops. In some parts of the world, a shortage of bees has increased the cost of renting bees by up to 20%.There are several possible causes for bee colony collapse. One possible cause is the use of new pesticides. Other possible causes include infections from viruses, genetic factors and malnutrition（营养不良）. Changing weather patterns may also play a role as summers get hotter and winters get colder. These changes in weather may weaken the bees, making it more difficult for them to fight infections. Whatever the causes of colony collapse, it’s important to understand that many parts of our world are inter dependent. Changes that effect on one species may have serious effects on other species. A change to our environment, can start a chain of event that is difficult to predict. In any complex system such as the earth environment, small changes can cause a un consequences. The danger of un consequences is something that we all need to understand better.L4 Unit 3-3 vocabulary商品、服务和工作Goods and services supply whatpeople need or want. Goods are things such food and clothing. Services included things such as health care and police protection.A country needs natural and human resources. Natural resources include fresh water supplies, farmland and energy sources such as oil and wind. Human resources includes a skilled workforce that can produce goods and services.Once we had supplies of goods and services, they need to distribute throughout the country. Highways and railways are both way to transport thing from one part of country to another.Electricity are distributed through a system of transmition lines.We live in an age of advertising. Advertising lets people know about goods and services. It educates people about a product being advertised.Trade allows for the exchange of goods and services between different countries. Exports are goods and services that are sold to another country. Imports are goods and services that are brought from other country. For example, many countries import oil from countries such as Saudi Arabia.Employees are the people who work for a company. Some employees do basic work suchas operating a machine or driving a track. People who hire and direct the work of other are managers.Interview is one way to find out about a person who applies for a job. In an interview, the applicants can ask question abo ut a company and company can find out about a person’s skills and experience.An entrepreneur is someone who starts a company. Entrepreneurs often have new ideas and ways of doing things that can give company advantage.Salary and benefits are used to attract new employees into a company. If the salary and benefits are good enough, employees may take a job and stay with the company. Benefits includes vacation time, health insurance and bonusesfor employees who do a good job.When apply for job, it’s important to have skills and experience needed for the job. Developing and increasing skills and experience is good way to prepare for a job. Each job a person has is an opportunity to learn new things and develop new skills.Advertises try to increase to the demand for a product or service.Education and training are ways to develop a skilled workforce.UnforeseenL4 Unit 3-3 dialogue谈论租房与房东You don’t look good, is something bothering you.Yes, it’s my landlord.Oh, is it something wrong with your flat.No, that’s not something wrong with the flat. But I’m going to have to move out.Why did you have to move out?For the last 2 month, a friend has been staying with me. She stayed until she could find a job.That’s nice of you.Yes, but I’m not supposed to have anyone staying there.Was that in the rental agreement.Yes, it was. It’s ok if a friend stays for few days but not for more than that.So you broke the agreement even though it was for a good reason.Anyway, one of my neighbors told the landlords about my friend. So now I’m in trouble. The landlord is angry and says she can’t trust me.That’s ridiculous.I told her about my friend and how I’m trying to help her, but she doesn’t care.Wow, she doesn’t sound very nice.That’s right, she isn’t nice.She’s just interested in money. In fact, she is going to keep my security deposit.How can she do that. Nothing is damaged, right.Right, everything in the flat is fine.She’s keeping the deposit because I broke the rental agreement.What about your rent.Yes , that’s another problem. I already pay 3 months rent so I hope I can get it back. What can you do if she doesn’t return it.I don’t know. I told to my agent. He’s nice and maybe he can help.Maybe I should refuse to leave the flat until I get it back.Be sure to take picture of your flat.What for?Just to show the condition of your flat. Then she can’t say your friend damaged it anyway. Good idea. She’s a small-minded, evil woman. I should never have rented it from her in the first place.L4 Unit 3-4 listening职业What kind of career is the best and what kind of qualification?One of most popular careers for kids is the to become an astronaut. Many kids dream of going space when they grow up. They dream of work on a space station or exploring deep space. To become an ast ronaut, it’s important to have the right background. Many astronauts have a background in engineering, physics or medicine. Sometime they have a military background, such as flying military aircraft. As for pay, astronaut can earn a good salary but not great.Another popular career is to become a musician or actor. Many kids dream of become a famous singer or movie stars. However, most of musician or actor don’t become famous. They are usually paid by the hour or by the performance. Only a very few have lots of money. So the best advice is not to be a musician or actor unless that’s your real passion. Becoming a professional athlete is another dre am job for many. It’s nice to imagine play a favorite sport and getting paid for it. However, becoming a famous athlete takes a lot of work and practice. Great athletes practice for hours a day with teammates and coaches. They also work regularly with trainers to keep their body strong. The level of pay for athletes depends on the success and the level of their performance. Athletes often have short career because of the physical requirement of their sport. When you are no longer able to compete in a high level, some athletes become coaches.Firefightersand police officers are important job that help and protect people. These careers require applicants to complete training programs and pass the written and physical tests. These jobs can be exciting and dangerous so they require courage andsometimes sacrifice.When considering salary and benefits, some of the lowest paying jobs are in the hospitality and beauty industries. For example, food service worker and hairstyles generously have low salaries. This ki nd of job don’t r equire much of the education or training. But again, if you enjoy what you’re doing, that may be good enough. For example, youmay really enjoy talking with your customers. Spending your life doing something you dislike can be very unsatisfying, even if the salary is high.Some of the highest paid professions includes doctors, lawyers and scientists. However, these professions require high level of education and training. The path to becoming a doctor, for example, is a long one. Doctors require a university degree, several years in medical school, and several more years in experience. Only then are they certified as a medical doctor or MD. So it doesn’t make sense to consider these professions unless you are willing to work hard for many years. And because, you should really care doing the work well.L4 Unit 3-4 vocabulary战争和生物Civil wars are fought betweencitizens of the same country and are fought within the country. If citizens of a country disagree about the policy or leader, they may fight a civil war.A world war is fought when countries form alliances and these alliances fight each other. A world war involves many or most of the world’s most powerful countries. There were 2 world war in the 20th century.Terrorism involves groups of individuals rather than countries. Terrorists may come from different countries and they may share the same beliefs. Terrorists often use car-bombings or suicide attacks on innocent people. A terrorist attack can happen at any time and any place.An invasion occurs when one country attacks another. It sends its army to the other country and attempts to take control. One of most famous invasions was when France invaded Russia in 1812.Adefensive war occurs when a country is attacked and needs to defend itself. Most of countries have military so that it can defend itself if it’s attacked. when France invaded Russia in 1812, the Russia army fought a defensive war and defeated the French army.Acell is the basic unit of life. A cell is smallest structure that can live and reproduce. Cells grow and develop, reproduce and interact with the environment.Photosynthesis was one of most important biological processes. It allows plants to capture and use lightas an energy source. photosynthesis is the process of converting light energy into chemical energy.A virus is small biological structure that attacks and enters cells. Once inside a cell, a virus reproduces and makes many copies of itself. Some diseases such influenza(流感)are viruses.Bacteria are one-celled forms of life that are all around us. Although they have a single cell structure, they are very important. Many bacteria are inside us and help us digest our food.DNA is a complex molecule that stores information and can make copies of itself. Nearly any cells in a person’s body has the same DNA. The information stored in DNA tells cells what to do and it’s necessary for reproduction.L4 Unit 3-4 dialogue旅馆更换房间Good evening, sir. How can I help you?Yes, we just check in and our room is unacceptable. It’s room 1810.Is there something wrong with the room?Yes, there certainly is. We requested a non-smoking room but the room smiles of smoke. Let me check. Yes, that room is supposed to be a non-smoking room.Well, somebody certainly doesn’t follow the rules. The current smoke is cigars. We can hardly breath and the windows don’t open.Right, the windows don’t open, sir. I really sorry about this. Let me see if I can find you another room.Yes, please. We certainly can’t stay in that room. Both our kids have asthma, so the smell of smoke can cause breathing problems.Yes, I understand your concern. Sir, I’m afraid we don’t have any other rooms with two double beds. If you’ll excuse me, I will speak with my manager.Thank you. We were really tired and we would like to get rest as soon as possible.Yes, I understand. If you don’t mind, could you wait in the lounge near the elevators? I shouldn’t be long.Sure, I hope it doesn’t take time.Good evening, I’m the manager here. I’m sorry to hear about your room.Yes, we are not happy and we were really tired. I hope you can help us.I’m sure we can. Since we don’t have another non-smoking room for you, we will upgradeyour suite. Will that be ok?Yes, there will be fine. There is no extra cost, right.No, sir. There would be no extra charge.And it’s non-smoking, right.Yes, sir. I’ve confirmed that is non-smoking.Thanks I really appreciate your help.It’s my pleasure, sir. I hope you and your family have a wonderful stay with us. Here is my card. If there is anything else I can do for you, please let me know.I will. Have a good evening.Thank you, sir. And once again, let me apology for the same inconvenience.。

英语流利说懂你英语企业定制学（全）Level4Unit3Part2VocabularyLevel4 Unit3 Part2 VocabularyA person's debt is how much he or she owes to others.Debt can be in the form of money, products, or services owed to someone else.If you borrow money, you were taking on new debt.An asset is something that has value, such as money, property, or even a nice personality.Assets can be used to pay off debts.Specialized knowledge or skills are also assets that can be used to get a job or earn money.Real estate is property, such as land, houses, and buildings.Buying, selling or renting property is the business of real estate.Buying and selling real estate is a popular form of investment.Inventory is a detailed list of items in one's possession.In business one's inventory is the supply of items that are ready for sale.If a store runs out of things to sell, it needs to resupply its inventory.An investment, is the purchase of an asset with the hope that its value will increase.A good investment will produce income, such as rental income.If the value of an asset falls, the investment will lose money.China is the second largest country in the world by land area.A major issue for China is the continuing expansion of its desserts, which have led to dust storm each spring.Many of the world's most polluted cities are located there.South Asia is referred to as the Indian subcontinent.It's called a subcontinent because it is separated from the rest of Asia by mountains and seas.It is one of the world's poorest regions with about 75% of the poor living in rural areas.Europe is the western neighbor of Asia.It is separated from Asia by the Ural mountains, which is extended for 1500 miles and a north-south direction from the arctic ocean.The Philippines is the only country in Asia with a majority of Christians.The Philippines is an island nation with over 7000 islands.It's located in the South China sea.The country's capital city is Manila.Asia is the world's largest continent, covering about 30% of the Earth's land area.Several island nations are also part of Asia, including Japan.The world's tallest mountains are in Asia, including Mt Everest.(The traditional boundary line between them is the Ural mountain range.)。

懂你英语Level4 Unit 3 Part1it 3-1 listening时间花费Look at these 2 pie graphs. They show how these 2 people spend their days, not including weekends. The one on the top shows how Emma divides up her days. She is a designer who works for a company. As Emma’s graph shows, the biggest portion部分of her day is spent working.She works an average of 8 hours a day, which is one third of her day.She gets an average of 6 hours to sleep which is 25% of her day. That’s less sleep than Martin gets. According to his graph, he gets an average of 7 hours to sleep which is about 29% of his day.On the other hand, Martine who is engineer, works more hours than Emma does.Martine average 9 hours a day at work co mpare to Emma’s 8. That’s 37.5% compare to 33%.Other factors shown in the graph included time for meals and commuting to work.Other activities include getting dress and doing household chores such as doing laundry and paying bills. As you can see, for Martin, commuting is taking a large amount of his time.If he could reduce his commute time, he will have more time for other things. And it isn’t just the time. When the traffic is really heavy his commute is stressful.It will be great if he can work from home one or two days a week. He life will be more enjoyable. And we look at Emma’s graph, we see she probably needs more sleep.Perhaps, she should spend a bit less time socializing with her friends.On the other hand, socializing with her friend is something she really values.As for putting on makeup, she isn’t willing to change that.For her, exercising, socializing and staying beautiful help her deal with the stressful work.In conclusion, Emma and Martin both wish there were more hours in a day.This next graph shows how various factors compare important to 1350 jobs applicants.Applicants were between 20 to 25 years ago.They were asked to list which factors were most important for a good job.As the graph shows, money was the most important factor for 25% of the applicants.However, other factors are also important. The second most important factor was the work environment. In other words, for many, money is everything.People want to like where they work.In fact, if we combine working environment and co-workers, the total is 35%.This is well above the 25% for salary and benefits.Taking together, they are more important than salary and benefits.Career path is also important especially for younger applicants.They want to see that their job helps to build a successful career.For older workers, this may not be as important.Older workers often put the higher value on the balance between life and work. What do you think.it 3-1 vocabulary领土、军事、政治、政权状态The government of a country is a control system.Governments make laws and provide services to their citizens.The land over which a government has controlled, is its territory /'tɛrətɔri/领土.A country’s territory has boundaries/'baʊndri/ or borders.When you leave or enter a country’s territory, you usually need a passport.The territory of a country is defined by its boundaries.A country’s military provides defense for its territory and its citizens.The military includes an army, an air force and a navy.The main purpose of a military, is to defend a country from attack.A country’s criminal justice system includes the police, courts and prisons.Its purpose is to enforce the law and protect the people from criminal activities.A country social services system provides support to people in need.It provides basic health care services and helps poor people support their children.-----------------------------------------------------------------Anarchy /'ænɚki/ n.混乱;无政府状态;无秩序autocracy /ɔ'tɑkrəsi/ n.独裁;独裁统治;独裁政府;独裁政体Oligarchy /'ɑlə'gɑrki/ n.寡头统治的政府;寡头政治的执政集团;寡头统治的国家--------------------------------------------------------------------------A state of anarchy exits when a country has no effective government.In anarchy, there is nobody to make decisions or enforce the laws.An autocracy is the simplest form of government.In an autocracy, the government is controlled by single individual, known as autocrat.Whether or not an autocracy is successful, depends on the character and ability of the leader.In an oligarchy, a small group of people controls the government.Membership in this group often depends on family connection, wealth or military power.In a republic, individuals are elected to represent the citizens.The power of government in a republic is limited by a constitution.A constitution is a written document that makes the rules for a government to follow.This limits the power of a government.A constitution defines the relationship between the government and its citizens.it 3-1 dialogue谈论工作I hear you lost your job, is that right?Yes, that’s right. I quit. I quit because the way my boss treats people.What happen.I was n’t feeling good one day and he yelled at me. While I told him not to yell at对...吼叫me, he threatened me. Is that all. That’s what bosses do.Sure, sometime maybe. But my treated everyone badly and I was tired of it. It was the less *The last str ?Yes, it reached the point where I couldn’t take it anymore.I see. So now you d on’t have a job.Right, I don’t have a job.But at least I don’t have to deal with my boss thing. What are you going to do now?To be honest, I’m not sure. but I’ll fine something. I’ll get a job even if it pays less than before.Are you sorry for your quit.Yes and no. I guess I should have found another job first and then quit.Why didn’t you.As I said, he pushed me too far. There were some things that I just won't take.What about your wife.She isn’t happy that I don’t have a job but she understands. S he knows I have temper.And she knows I wasn’t happy working there.Well, I get some luck. My job isn’t great. but I like the people I’m working with and I like my manager.Are you planning to stay there?I don’t know.For now, it’s ok. But of course it al l depends on how things change.Well if you hear of any job openings, let me know, OK.Sure, send me your resume and I’ll let people know you’re looking.Thanks.it 3-2 listening朗朗Lang Lang is one of the world’s greatest concert /'kɑnsɚt/ pianist.His first contact with western music was when he was just 2 years old.He watched the canton/'kæntən/ in which a cat played a famous piece by Franz Liszt 弗朗兹·李斯特（匈牙利作曲家）. From this experience, he decided he wanted to learn to play piano.When he was 3 and a half years ago, he started piano lessons.2 years later, he won first place in the piano competition.This early success gave his father great hope that Lang Land will became the world greatest pianist.When Lang Lang was 9 years ago, his father quit his job and took him to Beijing.They left everything behind including his mother who had to work.Lang Lang didn’t want to leave her behind but his father insisted.His father wanted him to study at famous Central Conservatory of Music 中央音乐学院.When they moved to Beijing, they rented a flat in a poor area of the city.During this time, Lang Lang practiced several hours a day.They started practicing at 5 o’clock which upset his neighbors.They would often pound on敲打his door and ask him to stop practicing.They were so angry that he often feared that they would beat him up毒打.Lang Lang usually had piano lessons once a week to prepare for the conservatory /kən'sɝvətɔri/音乐学校. Nearly 2000 students were applying for just 12 places at the conservatory.His lessons were expensive and very difficult, especially because of his piano teacher.His music teacher didn’t like Lang Lang.He called his teacher professor Angry because she always gave him a hard time.One afternoon, his teacher told him he had no talent and told him to go home.Hearing the news, his father screamed and seemed to lose his mind.His father told him that everything was destroyed and there was no reason to live.He ordered Lang Lang to jump off 跳下来the 11th-floor balcony.After this, Lang Lang almost went crazy. He didn’t want to play the piano anymore.For several months, he neither played the piano nor spoke to his father.Then some friends encouraged him to play a piece for them and he realized his great love of piano.For the next 19 months, he practiced hard and his father encouraged him.Finally, when he was ten, he was accepted into the Conservatory with a full scholarship.In 1995, when he was 13 years old, he played music by show * at Beijing concert hall.In that same year, he won first place at an international competition for young musicians in Japan.When he was 15, he moved to the United States and began to study with the famous pianist at C institute.Since then, he career has grown and he has become a major star.One of the American music critics called him the biggest most exiting key of talent I haven’t encountered many a year of attention piano recycles.In 2010, Lang Lang signed a recalling contract for several million dollars.In 2011, he performed at white house for president Obama of United States and Hu Jintao of China.With all of his success and fame, Lang Lang tries to encourage others.He uses his fame to spread the popularity of classic music and encourage young musicians.And in the end, Lang Lang and his father have rebuilt their relationship.In his autobiography自传, Mr. Lang dedicated the book to his mother and father.it 3-2 vocabulary财务、地理A person debt is how much he or she owes to others.Debt can be in the form of money, products and services owes to someone else.If you borrow money, they were taking on new debt.An asset is something that has value, such as money, property or even a nice personality.Assets can be used to pay off debts.Specialized /'spɛʃə'laɪzd/ knowledge or skills are also assets that can be used to get a job or earn money.Real estate is properties such as land, houses and buildings.Buying, selling or renting property is the business of real estate.Buying or selling real estate is popular for investments.Inventory is a detail list of items in one’s possession /pə'zɛʃən/.In business, one’s inventory is the supply of items that are ready for sale.If a store runs out of the things for sale, it needs to resupply再供应its inventory.An investment is the purchase of assets with the hope that its value will increase.A good investment can produce income, such as rent income.If the value of that assets falls, the investment will lose money.------------------------------------------------------------------China is the second largest country in the world by land area.A major issue for China is the continuing持续的expansion of its desserts which had led the dust storms each spring. Many of the world most polluted cities are located there.Asia is referred to as Indian sub-continent.It’s called the sub-continent 次大陆because it separated from the rest of Asia by mountains and sea.It’s one of world’s poorest region with about 75% of the poor living in rural areas.Europe is western neighbor of Asia. It’s separate d from Asia by Ural Mountains乌拉尔which extent for 1500 miles in the north south direction from the Antarctic/æntˈɑrktɪk/ ocean.The Philippines is the only country in Asia with a majority of Christians /'krɪstʃən/.The Philippines is an island Nation with over 7000 islands. It’s located on the south China sea.The country’s capital city is Manila马尼拉.Asia is the world largest continent covering about 30% of the earth land area.Several island nations are also a part of Asia, including Japan.The world’s tallest mountain is in Asia, including Mount Everest埃佛勒斯峰.it 3-2 dialogue谈论投票选举Hey, have you dec ided how you’re going to vote？Not, I haven’t. I don’t like any kind of candidates.So you aren’t going to vote.Mu. I don’t know. Probably not. It seems like a waste of time.Really, why do you think of a waste of time？Have you listened to any of their speeches?Yes, I have and I agree that their speeches aren’t very good.Exactly. I can’t believe anything they say. They are just saying what they think we want to hear.Sure, you want to get elected. I admit th at the system isn’t perfect and it’s always ha ve .Whether I vote or not won’t make a difference. It’s all the show.Well, I think you should vote. Do a little research about the candidates.Have you?Yes, I have. I have looked into their backgrounds and their education.How can that help?For example, if they know something about science, it could help the government make a better decision about issues such as climate change.Yes, that’s good point. We need well-educated people make decisions.And I look to see what kind of people are supporting them.What issues do you think are most important?I guess for me, pollution, housing and taxes are important.I want to know how government plans to deal with these issues.Yes, I agree with you. Maybe I will vote, especially if we could get together and talk more about it.What about dinner tomorrow night?Sorry, I’m busy tomorrow night.Oh, that’s too bad. Do you have any time in the next few days? I will take you to a nice restaurant.Actually, I’m quite busy. But I may have time Sunday afternoon. We ca n have lunch someone near the office. Sure, that was for me. I will give you a call on Saturday and we can decide the details, ok?OK, I will be looking forward to seeing which candidate you support.L4 Unit 3-3 listening 蜜蜂、蜂农与环境Honeybees play an interesting and important role in nature.In additional to making honey, honeybees help many plants reproduce.They do this by pollinating the plant which means to transfer pollen.Pollination授粉occurs when pollen/'pɑlən/ 花粉is moved within a plant’s flower or carried to another flower. This is how the plant reproduce.For reproduction to succeed, the pollen must be transferred from the male part of the flower to the female part. Many plants depend on the pollen for reproduction. This included many fruits and vegetables.Beside honeybees, there are many other pollinators including birds, insects and other kind of bees.Without enough pollinators, many of our favorite fruits and vegetable will become more expensive and hard to find. This included almonds and cherries.Honeybee are important pollinators and play an important role in agriculture.Beekeepers are people who keep honeybees.In addition to collecting honey, some beekeepers provide pollination services for farmers.They do this by raising and managing colonies殖民地of bees.Farmers need colonies to pollinate their crops.Beekeepers can provide and manage of bee colonies to farmers.Honeybees are social insects that live in colonies.A bee colony consists of a queen bee, male drones 雄蜂and thousands of male worker bees.Each colony also contains eggs and immature未成熟的bees in various stage of development.The number of bees within a colony depends on the seasonal changes.A colony’s population increases during the warm season and decreases during the colder season.In recent year, many bee colonies have collapsed or disappeared.A bee colony collapses occurs when a majority of bee in colony disappear and leave behind the queen.Some beekeepers have reported losing 30 to 90 % of their colonies.This loss of bee colonies can cause significant problems for farmers who depend on them to pollinate their crops.In some parts of the world, a shortage of bees has increased the cost of renting bees by up to 20%.There are several possible causes for bee colony collapse. One possible collapse is the use of new pesticides农药. Other possible causes include infections from viruses, genetic factors遗传因素and malnutrition（营养不良）. Changing weather patterns may also play a role as summers get hotter and winters get colder.These changes in weather may weaken the bees, making it more difficult for them to fight infections.Whatever the causes of colony collapse, it’s important to un derstand that many parts of our world are interdependent.Changes that effect on one species may have serious effects on other species.A change to our environment, can start a chain of event that is difficult to predict.In any complex system such as the earth environment, small changes can cause a un consequences.The danger of un consequences is something that we all need to understand better.L4 Unit 3-3 vocabulary 商品、服务和工作Goods and services supply what people need or want.Goods are things such food and clothing.Services included things such as health care and police protection.A country needs natural and human resources.Natural resources include fresh water supplies, farmland and energy sources such as oil and wind.Human resources includes a skilled workforce that can produce goods and services.Once we had supplies of goods and services, they need to distribute throughout the country.Highways and railways are both way to transport thing from one part of country to another.Electricity are distributed through a system of transmition lines.We live in an age of advertising.Advertising lets people know about goods and services.It educates people about a product being advertised.Trade allows for the exchange of goods and services between different countries.Exports are goods and services that are sold to another country.Imports are goods and services that are brought from other country.For example, many countries import oil from countries such as Saudi Arabia 沙特阿拉伯.Employees are the people who work for a company.Some employees do basic work such as operating a machine or driving a track.People who hire and direct the work of other are managers.Interview is one way to find out about a person who applies for a job.In an inte rview, the applicants can ask question about a company and company can find out about a person’s skills and experience.An entrepreneur is someone who starts a company.Entrepreneurs often have new ideas and ways of doing things that can give company advantage.Salary and benefits are used to attract new employees into a company.If the salary and benefits are good enough, employees may take a job and stay with the company.Benefits includes vacation time, health insurance and bonuses for employees who do a good job.When apply for job, it’s important to have skills and experience needed for the job.Developing and increasing skills and experience is good way to prepare for a job.Each job a person has is an opportunity to learn new things and develop new skills.Advertises try to increase to the demand for a product or service.Education and training are ways to develop a skilled workforce unforeseenL4 Unit 3-3 dialogue 谈论租房与房东You don’t look g ood, is something bothering you？Yes, it’s my landlord房东.Oh, is it something wrong with your flat.No, that’s not something wrong with the flat. But I’m going to have to move out.Why did you have to move out?For the last 2 month, a friend has been staying with me. She stayed until she could find a job.Tha t’s nice of you.Yes, but I’m not supposed to have anyone staying there.Was that in the rental agreement？Yes, it was. It’s ok if a friend stays for a few days but not for more than that.So you broke the agreement even though it was for a good reason.Anyway, one of my neighbors told the landlords about my friend. So now I’m in trouble. The landlord is angry and says she can’t trust me.That’s ridiculous.I told her about my friend and how I’m trying to help her, but she doesn’t care.Wow, she doesn’t s ound very nice.That’s right, she isn’t nice. She’s just interested in money. In fact, she is going to keep my security deposit 押金. How can she do that？Nothing is damaged, right.Right, everything in the flat is fine.She’s keeping the deposit because I b roke the rental agreement.What about your rent？Yes , that’s another problem. I already pay 3 months rent so I hope I can get it back.What can you do if she doesn’t return it？I don’t know. I told to my agent. He’s nice and maybe he can help.Maybe I should refuse to leave the flat until I get it back.Be sure to take picture of your flat.What for?Just to show the condition of your flat. Then she can’t say your friend damaged it anyway.Good idea. She’s a small-minded心胸狭窄的, evil woman. I should never have rented it from her in the first place.L4 Unit 3-4 listening 职业What kind of career is the best and what kind of qualification?One of most popular careers for kids is the to become an astronaut.Many kids dream of going space when they grow up.They dream of work on a space station or exploring deep space.To become an astronaut, it’s important to have the right background.Many astronauts have a background in engineering, physics or medicine.Sometimes they have a military background, such as flying military aircraft.As for pay, astronaut can earn a good salary but not great.Another popular career is to become a musician or actor.Many kids dream of become a famous singer or movie stars.However, most of musician or actor don’t become famou s.They are usually paid by the hour or by the performance.Only a very few have lots of money.So the best advice is not to be a musician or actor unless that’s your real passion.Becoming a professional athlete is another dream job for many.It’s ni ce to imagine play a favorite sport and getting paid for it.However, becoming a famous athlete takes a lot of work and practice.Great athletes practice for hours a day with teammates and coaches.They also work regularly with trainers to keep their body strong.The level of pay for athletes depends on the success and the level of their performance.Athletes often have short career because of the physical requirement of their sport.When you are no longer able to compete in a high level, some athletes become coaches.Firefighters and police officers are important job that help and protect people.These careers require applicants to complete training programs and pass the written and physical tests.These jobs can be exciting and dangerous so they require courage and sometimes sacrifice.When considering salary and benefits, some of the lowest paying jobs are in the hospitality and beauty industries. For example, food service worker and hairstyles generously have low salaries.This kind of j ob don’t require much of the education or training.But again, if you enjoy what you’re doing, that may be good enough.For example, you may really enjoy talking with your customers.Spending your life doing something you dislike can be very unsatisfying, even if the salary is high.Some of the highest paid professions includes doctors, lawyers and scientists.However, these professions 职业require high level of education and training.The path to becoming a doctor, for example, is a long one.Doctors require a university degree, several years in medical school, and several more years in experience.Only then are they certified as a medical doctor or MD.So it doesn’t make sense to consider these professions unless you are willing to work hard for ma ny years.And because, you should really care doing the work well.L4 Unit 3-4 vocabulary 战争和生物Civil 内战wars are fought between citizens of the same country and are fought within the country.If citizens of a country disagree about the policy or leader, they may fight a civil war.A world war is fought when countries form alliances and these alliances fight each other.A world war involves many or most of the world’s most powerful countries.There were 2 world war in the 20th century.Terrorism involves groups of individuals rather than countries.Terrorists may come from different countries and they may share the same beliefs.Terrorists often use car-bombings or suicide attacks on innocent people.A terrorist attack can happen at any time and any place.An invasion侵略occurs when one country attacks another.It sends its army to the other country and attempts to take control.One of most famous invasions was when France invaded Russia in 1812.A defensive 防御的war occurs when a country is attacked and needs to defend itself.Most of countries have military so that it can defend itself if it’s attacked.When France invaded Russia in 1812, the Russia army fought a defensive war and defeated the French army.A cell 细胞is the basic unit of life.A cell is smallest structure that can live and reproduce.Cells grow and develop, reproduce and interact with the environment.Photosynthesis光合作用/,foto'sɪnθəsɪs/ was one of most important biological processes.It allows plants to capture and use light as an energy source.Photosynthesis is the process of converting light energy into chemical energy.A virus is small biological structure that attacks and enters cells.Once inside a cell, a virus reproduces and makes many copies of itself.Some diseases such influenza /,ɪnflu'ɛnzə/ (流感)are viruses.Bacteria are one-celled forms of life that are all around us.Although they have a single cell structure, they are very important.Many bacteria are inside us and help us digest our food.DNA is a complex molecule that stores information and can make copies of itself.Nearly any cells in a person’s body has the same DNA.The information stored in DNA tells cells what to do and it’s necessary for reproduction.L4 Unit 3-4 dialogue 旅馆更换房间Good evening, sir. How can I help you?Yes, we just check in and our room is unacceptable. It’s room 1810.Is there something wrong with the room?Yes, there certainly is. We requested a non-smoking room but the room smiles of smoke.Let me check. Yes, that room is supposed to be a non-smoking room.Well, somebody certainly doesn’t follow the rules. The current smoke is cigars. We can hardly breath and the windows don’t open.Right, the windows don’t open, sir. I really sorry about this. Let me see if I can find you another room.Yes, please. We certainly can’t stay in that room. Both our kids have asthma哮喘/'æzmə/, so the smell of smoke can cause breathing problems.Yes, I understand your concern. Sir, I’m afraid we don’t have any other rooms with two double beds. If you’ll excuse me, I will speak with my manager.Thank you. We were really tired and we would like to get rest as soon as possible.Yes, I understand. If you don’t mind, could you wait in the lounge 休息室near the elevators? I sh ouldn’t be long. Sure, I hope it doesn’t take time.Good evening, I’m the manager here. I’m sorry to hear about your room.Yes, we are not happy and we were really tired. I hope you can help us.I’m sure we can. Since we don’t have another non-smoking room for you, we will upgrade your suite. Will that be ok?Yes, there will be fine. There is no extra cost, right.No, sir. There would be no extra charge.And it’s non-smoking, right.Yes, sir. I’ve confirmed that is non-smoking.Thanks I really appreciate your help.It’s my pleasure, sir. I hope you and your family have a wonderful stay with us. Here is my card. If there is anything else I can do for you, please let me know.I will. Have a good evening.Thank you, sir. And once again, let me apology for the same inconvenience.。

Level4 Unit1 Part1 Listening - Visiting a friend 1 Christina is on a two-week vacation.This is the first vacation she has had for a long time.The last vacation she took was more than two years ago.Now she is visiting a friend in San Francisco.Her friend and her husband are living near the center of the city.He works for a start-up company in Silicon Valley.While he is working, she works part-time at a department store.Christina hasn't seen her friend for a long time.The last time they saw each other was 3 years ago.At that time, they were both working at a department store.Then Christina quit her job and started her own business.She designs women's clothing.She has 2 employees now and her company is slowly growing.Christina has come to San Francisco by herself .Her husband didn't come because he has to work.He tried to start a company 2 years ago but it didn't work out.His company failed after only a few months.So now he's working at another company and saving money.Once he saves enough money he plans to start another company.He doesn't want to give up.This is the second time Christina has been to San Francisco.The first time was when she was a high school student.That was more than 10 years ago.During that trip she was only in San Francisco for a few days.After that she went to Los Angeles and New York.This time she and her friend plan to relax and have fun.Level4 Unit1 Part1 Listening - Visiting a friend 2 Christina arrived two days ago, the day before yesterday.Her friend met her at the airport and drove her to her apartment.Her apartment is just North of the airport about 20 minutes from San Francisco. It's a small apartment, but it's on a hill and it has a great view.Yesterday, they went downtown and rode the cable cars.Christina was surprised by how steep the hills are.Then they walked along the ocean and ate lunch at a seafood restaurant.From the restaurant, they could see the Golden Gate Bridge.Tomorrow they're planning to drive to Yosemite National Park.By car it's about 4 hours away.Christina has never been there before, so she is excited.She has heard that the park is very beautiful.Her friend has been to Yosemite several times.She says it's one of the most beautiful places in the world.Christina just hopes that her friend is a good driver.Level4 Unit1 Part1 Vocabulary- Pains and Sickness Headaches can be very painful and can last for a long time.If you have a headache your head hurts.A sprained ankle can be so painful that you can't walk.Someone with a sprained ankle may need to use crutches to walk.If you have a sore throat, it may be painful to swallow.A sore throat can be caused by viruses or bacteria.A burn is an injury to the skin caused by fire or heat.If you get too close to a fire, you will be burned.An earache is a sharp, dull or burning pain in the ear.Common causes of an earache include an infection, a change in air pressure or water in the ear.(Earaches occur more often among small children than adults.)(A headache can be caused by an injury to the head.)Level4 Unit1 Part1 Vocabulary- LandformsMountains are landforms higher than 2000 feet, or about 600 meters, above sea level. Hills are like mountains, but not as tall.Mountains are formed by forces deep within the Earth and are made of many types of rocks.Rivers are streams of water that usually begin in mountains and flow into the sea. Many early cities were built alongside rivers.Most of the world's water is in the oceans, which are large bodies of salt water.The oceans are also an important source of oxygen.Deserts are areas of land that receive little or no rainfall.The amount of rainfall in some deserts is so low that only a few plants can survive.A valley is a low, relatively flat area between hills or mountains, often with a river running through it.Some valleys are formed by flowing water, and others are formed by glaciers.(Desert temperatures can range from cold at night to very hot during the daytime, often above 120 degrees F.)(The place where a river begins is its source.)(Many early civilizations developed near rivers.)Level4 Unit1 Part1 Dialogue - Eating OutHave you eaten yet?No, I haven't, and I'm hungry.Me too, let's go out for dinner.Where to?What about Joe's Italian?How many times have you eaten there?I eat there a lot.It's one of my favorite places.I went there two weeks ago, and the service was terrible.Really? then, let's go some places else.What do you suggest?How about the Royal Indian?It's not far from here.I've never heard of it, is it good?Yes, I've been there several times, and I've never been disappointed.OK, let's try it.I haven't eaten Indian food for a long time.You won't be disappointed, and the prices are reasonable.Ah~, so you mean I'm going to pay?Well, that would certainly be nice.What about reservations?If we get there early enough, we won't need them.I hope you're right.Don't worry.If we have to wait, I'll pay the bill.Level4 Unit1 Part2 Listening - A Trip to Yosemite Park 1 Today, Christina and her friend are enjoying themselves.This morning they got up very early and drove out of San Francisco.They crossed the Bay Bridge before the early morning commute and drove south. Because it was so early, there were almost no cars.After driving for an hour and a half, they stopped and had breakfast.They ordered pancakes and coffee.They also had some fresh fruit. (为什么不是fruits?)When they finished eating, it was 7 o'clock.Then they got back into the car and drove south.Christina wanted to listen to music, so they turned on the radio.An hour later they stopped for gas.They noticed that there was also a charging station for electric cars.It's now 1:15 and they are in Yosemite ParkThey have been there for two hours, since 11:15.They are looking at Yosemite falls, which is the highest waterfall in the Park.The water drops a total of 740 meters from the top of the upper fall to the base of the lower fall.Level4 Unit1 Part2 Listening - A Trip to Yosemite Park 2In another 15 minutes, they plan to eat lunch at a magnificent old hotel in the park. It was built in 1927 and has a great view.They wanted to stay there, but they couldn't get reservations.To get a room at that hotel, you usually need to make reservations several months in advance.They plan to stay in the park until around 4 o'clock .By then they will have been in the park for nearly 5 hours.Then they'll get back into the car and drive back to San Francisco.They plan to eat dinner somewhere along the way.If the traffic isn't too bad, they should be back in San Francisco by 10 o'clock.Early tomorrow morning they are going to cross the Golden Gate Bridge and go north along the coast.From some places you can look out on the ocean and see whales and other sea life. Christina has never seen a whale before, so she's looking forward to it.And tomorrow night they have something special planned.They are going to watch a baseball game.Christina has never seen a baseball game, but she has heard that it is very popular in the US.And the San Francisco baseball team is one of the best.Level4 Unit1 Part2 Vocabulary – ScienceA force is a push or a pull on an object.A force changes the motion of a moving object.A force can be strong or weak and it always has a direction.The earth is a planet that goes around the sun in a circular orbit.The speed of its motion doesn't change, but the direction of its motion does.The earth has a layer of gas above its surface, which helps to support life.Atoms are the building blocks of matter.At the center of an atom is its nucleus, which has a positive electric charge.Outside the nucleus are electrons, which have a negative charge.Asteroids and comets, are objects that orbit our sun, but are smaller than planets.Asteroids that pass close to the Earth are called near-earth objects.The layer of gases just above Earth's surface is our atmosphere.The atmosphere is made up of gases such as oxygen and nitrogen.Without an atmosphere, there would be no life on Earth.(A force can increase or decrease the speed of an object, and it can change the direction of motion)(If they collide with Earth they could cause an extinction event).(The electric force between the nucleus and the electrons holds the atom together.)Level4 Unit1 Part2 Vocabulary – GeometryThe two lines on the left intersect each other at a right angle, which is 90 degrees. The two lines on the right are parallel, which means they never cross.The adjacent sides of a rectangle are perpendicular, which means they meet at a 90 degree angle.The opposite sides of a rectangle are equal and parallel, which means they never cross.The area of a rectangle is the length times the width.A circle is a two dimensional figure with a radius and circumference, which is the distance around the circle.The area of a circle is PI R squared, where R is the radius and PI is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.A sphere is a three dimensional figure with a radius and a volume, which is 4/3 PI R cubed.All points on the surface of a sphere are equidistant from its center.A right triangle is a two dimensional figure with 3 sides, two of which are perpendicular.To find its area, multiply the length of the two perpendicular sides, A & B, and divided by two, A equals one half A B.(A rectangle is a two dimensional figure with 4 sides)(Pi is the ratio of a circle’s circumference to its diameter.)Level4 Unit1 Part2 Dialogue - Dinner Conversation Have you finished eating yet?No, I haven't.Why are you in such a hurry?I'm sorry, but you are such a slow eater.A slow eater?Well, I try to enjoy my food.You just eat and swallow.I don't see how you can even taste it!Ok, I'm sorry.Do you mind if I get another glass of wine?No, go ahead.I don't want you to sit there putting pressure on me.I thought we were going to have a relaxing evening.Yes, you are right.I'd like to relax, but I have a lot on my mind.Work related?Yes, it is.I've been getting some strange emails from my boss.He wants me to cut down on my expenses.Maybe he wants to fire me.Is business bad?Yes, it is. but I don't want to talk about it.OK, but I'm a good listener.You can tell me if you'd like to.Thanks, maybe some other time.I'll try to stop thinking about it and deal with it tomorrow. Good idea.You need to take a break from work.Your health is important, and so am I.Yes you are.I don't know what I would do without you.Level4 Unit1 Part3 Listening - Harry's Trips 1Harry is an American businessman.His job requires him to do a lot of traveling.He takes 9 or 10 trips a year.In the past six months he has made 5 trips.Three were to Asia and two were to Europe.The purpose of these trips is to attend meetings and make presentations.Harry loves to travel, and he has traveled to many countries.Most of his trips are for one or two weeks.His first international trip was 15 years ago when he was 20 years old.He really wanted to see Asia, so he and a friend flew to Tokyo, Japan.From Tokyo, they traveled around Japan for two weeks.The people they met were very nice, but most of them didn't speak English. Harry tried to speak a little Japanese, but it was difficult.He didn't do very well.When he spoke to people, most of them just looked at him.They didn't understand what he was trying to say.From Japan, they went to Korea for a week, and then they went to China.In China, they visited the Great Wall, near Beijing.They stayed in Beijing for a few days, and then boarded a train for Shanghai. It was an overnight train with sleeping cars. car 车厢During the journey, they enjoyed looking out the window at the countryside.The view from the train was wonderful.Harry will never forget watching the sun go down in the evening.It was a beautiful sunset.The journey to shanghai, took many hours, but it was an unforgettable experience. On the train, they met a chinese professor who spoke English.He was a middle-aged man whose hair was turning grey.He told them about how things were changing in china.It was wonderful to watch him as he was speaking.His eyes were full of energy and excitement.They only stayed in shanghai for a couple of days.Then they returned to the US and went back to school.They had one more year to finish their studies.Level4 Unit1 Part3 Listening - Harry's Trips 2Harry‘s next few trips were to different parts of the world.He went to Europe twice, each time to different countries.On one trip, he traveled through the UK and France.On the next trip, he went to Italy and Greece.After Europe, he traveled to Mexico and South America.In south America, he went to Argentina and Brazil.He enjoyed watching some great soccer matches.Then he decided to go back to Asia.But this time he went to southeast Asia.He visited Vietnam, Thailand and Singapore.Each country had a charm of its own.After all this travel, Harry decided to make travel part of his career.He didn't want to work only in the US.He didn't want to work only with Americans.He wanted to experience other countries and other cultures.His dream was to work for an international company.Five years ago his dream came true.Now he's working for a German hi-tech company.As part of his job, he has to travel a lot.As a result, he has been to many cities and countries.And he has met many interesting people.Level4 Unit1 Part3 Vocabulary - Dental ProblemsA dental cavity is a hole in a tooth.A cavity is caused by bacteria in the mouth.Brushing your teeth frequently and regularly can help prevent cavities.A cracked tooth can be caused by biting down on something hard.Dentists treat a cracked tooth by covering it with a crown.A dental x-ray is a picture of your teeth and gums.An x-ray shows what can't be seen on the surface of the teeth and gums.Braces are used by dentists to straighten teeth over a period of years.Though braces are usually for children, they can also be used for adults with crooked teeth.To extract a tooth means to remove it from the mouth.Dentists have to pull hard to extract a tooth.(Dentists often inject something into the gum to block the pain during the extraction process.)Level4 Unit1 Part3 Vocabulary - Internal OrgansThe heart pumps blood to all parts of the body through a system of arteries and veins. It's located in the chest, between the lungs, and it beats about once per second.The kidneys remove waste and toxins from the blood.They are bean-shaped organs and are about 10 centimeters long and 6 centimeters wide.The lungs exchange oxygen from the air with carbon dioxide from the blood.They expand when inhaling air and contract when exhaling air.The stomach is below the heart and is part of the digestive system.It uses acids to digest food before passing it to the small intestine.The bladder is a balloon-shaped organ that collects urine from the kidneys.In an adult, the bladder can hold about half a liter of urine.Level4 Unit1 Part3 Dialogue - Police Traffic StopGood evening, sir.You were driving too fast.Really? was I?Yes, you were going well above the speed limit.I'm sorry, officer.OK, I need to see your driver's license.Here is my driver's license.Your license has expired.Are you aware of that?No, sir. That's a surprise.I didn't know.It expired more than a year ago.Is this your car?No, sir. It's a friend's.I'm borrowing it for the night.Get out of the car and put your hands behind your back. Why, officer? What have I done?Just do as I say.OK, officer. I'm cooperating.Please don't push me.Get your hands behind your back.OK, OK.I'm not asking you.I'm ordering you.Please, officer.I haven't done anything wrong.Stay still and don't say anything.This is a stolen car. are you aware of that?Are you going to arrest me?What do you think?That's what we do with car thieves.If you let me go, I'll give you a couple of thousand dollars.I haven't hurt anybody.So now you are trying to bribe me.How stupid can you be?I just don't want to go back to jail.Give me a break.Sure. you are a nice guy.I'd like to give you a break.But there is nothing I can do.Please. officer.OK, where is the money?Let me see it and I'll think about it.Level4 Unit1 Part4 Listening - QuickServe 2.0QuickServe is a successful home repair company.It provides quick, reliable repair services to homes.It was established 5 years ago and has been expanding rapidly.In the last two years, it has opened offices in 3 new cities.Because of its rapid growth it has to hire many new employees.In the last six months, it has hired 50 new employees.The total number of employees in the company is now over 500.And the number of customers has increased to more than 5000.The company has also improved its business model.Instead of offering only repair services, it can now help customers upgrade their appliances.QuickServe does this by giving a choice.Customers can choose to repair an appliance or upgrade it by buying a new one.If they choose to buy a new one, they will get a discounted price.So a customer can either repair a broken refrigerator for a small fee or buy a new one.If they buy a new one, they will get a discounted price, along with free installation.This is possible because several appliance manufacturers have agreed to give QuickServe big discounts.QuickServe then installs the new appliance and removes the old one.Feedback from customers has been positive.A high percentage of customers have taken advantage of this new service.As a result, QuickServe has developed a great reputation.Its dedication to high quality service has proven to be successful.Its word-of-mouth approach to advertising has been cost effective.The appliance manufactures have also been happy with the results.Their growing relationship with QuickServe has helped to increase their sales.Level4 Unit1 Part4 Listening - The World's Population The world's population is growing.There are now over 7 billion people in the world.During the 20th century, the population grow from 1.65 billion to 6 billion.It's now growing at a rate of around 1.1 percent per year.That means an increase of about 80 million per year.By 2024 the population is expected to be around 8 billion people.The growth rate used to be higher.In the late 1960s, the rate of growth was about 2%.Since then, the growth rate has declined.It is estimated that the growth rate will be less than 1% by 2020.By the year 2050, the growth rate should be even less.Even with a declining growth rate, the population will continue to grow.But it will grow at a slower rate.In the past 50 years, the world's population has more than doubled.It has doubled from around 3 billion in 1960 to more than 7 billion in 2011.Even with a declining growth rate, the population will continue to grow.But it will grow at a slower rate.In the past 50 years, the world's population has more than doubled.It has doubled from around 3 billion in 1960 to more than 7 billion in 2011.The rate of growth varies by country.The growth rate in India is more than twice that of China.And the growth rate in Nigeria, which is in Africa, is more than twice India's growth rate.Russia, on the other hand, has had a negative growth rate in some years.When a country has a negative growth rate, its population is decreasing.Level4 Unit1 Part4 Vocabulary - Contemporary PeopleCo-founder of Apple, Steve Jobs was a major figure in the computer industry.He was self-centered and difficult to work for, but he led the development of many great products.He died of cancer when he was just 56 years old.Jack Ma is one of the richest and most famous men in China.He comes from a poor family and failed his college entrance exams twice.Despite his many failures he has built one of the world's largest internet companies.David Beckham is one of the world's richest and most famous athletes.He started playing professional football when he was just 17.Much of his success as an athlete, is because he practiced harder than many other players.As a young girl in Pakistan, Malala became famous for her writings on women's education.In 2012 She was shot in the head and nearly killed.She survived the injury and became the world's most famous teenager.Born in 1942, Stephen Hawking was one of the world's most famous scientists.When he was 23, he was diagnosed with ALS, a rare disease of the nerves.Because of his disease, he was unable to walk and talk.(She has won many prizes, including the Nobel Peace Prize.)(Though he was difficult to work for, his creative genius inspired others to do great work.)Level4 Unit1 Part4 Vocabulary - Personality TypesShy people are usually quiet and uncomfortable around other people.They generally dislike going to social events such as parties.It's often difficult to make friends with a shy person because they won't open up. Outgoing people enjoy being with others and are comfortable in social situations. They are friendly and pleasant to be with, though sometimes they can't be trusted. Self-centered people like to be the center of attentionThey like people to look at them, and pay attention to them.Self-centered people often talk too much and don't listen enough.Selfish and greedy people don't share things with others.They keep things for themselves and always want more.People who are responsible and trustworthy are important in almost any situation. They can be depended on to get things done.These people can be trusted.(Outgoing people often have many friends and can be quite popular.)(Greedy people want more than their share and can cause many problems for others.)Level4 Unit1 Part4 Dialogue - Relationship AdviceHey, Steven, you know I’m your friend, right?Sure, I know that.What are you trying to say.I’m sorry to say this. But I think you’re making a fool of yourself. How am I making a fool of myself.Your girlfriend is taking advantage of you.Taking advantage of me?Yes, I think so.She's just using you.So, maybe she is.But I don’t mind.Even if she is using me, it’s ok.I’m using her too.What do you mean?Aren’t you in love with her?Yes, I’m in love with her.But that doesn’t mean I’m not using her too.I don’t understand.What do you mean?Maybe I’m using her because I enjoy being in love.I can’t imagine life without her.Even if she hurts me sometimes, I love her.Do you trust her?Yes, I trust her.She tells me what’s i mportant to her.21She’s honest with me.She has never lied to me about anything important.Are you honest with her?Yes, we are honest with each other, even when it hurts.And because we’re honest with each other, we trust each other. OK, so you don’t think you’re being taken advantage of.No, I don’t, as long as she is honest with me.The day she isn’t honest with me, will be the end of our relationship. And when that happens, my heart will break.But until then, I’m her man.OK, I think I understand.I didn’t think you knew what was going on.I’m not as stupid as my look, my friend.Being in love with her, makes my life exciting.Well, I hope you’re right.22。