Interactive simulation of fire in virtual building environments

Study on Virtual Simulation Experiment System of Fire Escape and Emergency EvacuationWenqi Zeng 1 and Fengtao Hao 2,*1 Teachers’ College of Beijing Union University 2Teachers’ College of Beijing Union University *Corresponding author. Email:ABSTRACTOnce the fire accident happens, it will seriously threaten people's lives. So it is very important to learn how to deal with dangerous situation. However, it is impossible to directly acquire the experience of fire escape and emergency evacuation by repeatedly experiencing the real situation of fire accident. So it is difficult to carry out practical teaching of fire-related knowledge. In this paper, a virtual simulation experiment system is constructed to reproduce the virtual scenes of fire accident and establish the virtual environment for fire escape and evacuation drills. The system provides learners with an intuitive learning method and creates an immersive real experience environment, so as to enhance their ability to cope with emergencies.Keywords: Virtual simulation, Fire evacuation, Experiment teaching, Open sharing.1. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF VIRTUAL SIMULATION EXPERIMENT OF FIRE ESCAPE AND EMERGENCY EVACUATIONOnce the fire accident happens, it will seriously threaten people's life. People need to know how to deal with fire hazards, learn to escape quickly and evacuate in an emergency. However, due to the particularity and danger of fire accidents, it is difficult for the public to gain practical learning experience through personal experience in real life. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study and apply the corresponding virtual simulation experiment system.The fire environment can be simulated and realized in the experimental system. Fire escape scene is usually difficult to reproduce in real practice, and due to the limitations of space, the on-site escape drills cannot be repeated for many times. What's more, the skills learned in the occasional escape drill may not translate into the right actions in a crisis situation, especially when you face a real fire.Therefore, the self-rescue process of fire escape can be presented through virtual simulation technology, which can solve this problem well. In the virtual simulation system, complex building environments can be constructed, in which people are crowded and it isdifficult to evacuate and escape in case of fire. The system can guide the experimenters to adapt to the unfamiliar environment quickly, protect their own "safety" and organize evacuation at the same time. Also, relevant experiments can be set up for special experimenters. In addition to fire escape self-rescue, the virtual simulation experiment of emergency evacuation is mainly aimed at some specific occupation, such as teachers, security personnel, building administrators and so on. For example, it is more important and difficult for teachers to organize the students to evacuate than personal safety in a fire accident. However, in a real fire emergency evacuation drill, a large number of people are involved, so repeated training and drills are not allowed.By adopting virtual simulation technology, the fire scene and crowd can be presented virtually, and the virtual environment of escape drill and emergency evacuation can be created, so as to create an immersive teaching and training environment and provide an intuitive and effective learning means for participants. The integration of virtual simulation technology and education can better meet the practical needs of science education curriculum, and it is also a comprehensivetraining of practical ability to deal with emergencies.Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Diversified Education and Social Development (DESD 2021)2. TECHNICAL ARCHITECTURE OF VIRTUAL SIMULATION EXPERIMENT SYSTEM FOR FIRE ESCAPE AND EMERGENCY EVACUATIONThe operation of the virtual simulation experiment projects for fire escape and emergency evacuation relies on the support of the open virtual simulation experiment teaching management platform. Based on computer simulation technology, multimedia technology and network technology, the platform adopts service- oriented software architecture, integrates physical simulation, innovative design, intelligent guidance, automatic correction and teaching management. Therefore, it is a great virtual experimental teaching platform with good autonomy, strong interactivity and expansibility.The specific experimental project is seamlessly connected with the management platform through the data interface to ensure that users can access the project through the browser at anytime and anywhere. Besides, various user-oriented functions provided by the platform are utilized to strengthen the open service capability of the experimental project, improve the open service effect and realize independent experiments.The overall architecture of the virtual simulation experiment teaching management platform is as shown in Figure 1.Figure 1 The overall architecture of the system The overall architecture of the experimental system is divided into five layers, each of which provides services for the upper layer to complete the construction of specific virtual experimental teaching environment. The specific functions of each layer are as follows: 2.1. Data LayerThe virtual simulation experiments of fire escape and emergency evacuation involves various types of virtual experiment components and data. The system includes the basic elements library, experimental courses library, typical experiments library, standard answers library, rules library, experimental data and users’ information o f the virtual experiments and so on for the storage and management of the relevant data. 2.2. Support LayerAs the core framework of virtual simulation experiment system, the support layer is the basis for the normal open operation of experimental projects and is responsible for the operation, maintenance and management of the entire system. The supporting platform includes the following functional subsystems: security management, service container, data management, resource management and monitoring, domain management, inter-domain information service, etc.2.3. General Service LayerThe general service layer provides the user interface of the open virtual simulation experiment system and the general support components of the virtual experiment teaching environment, so that users can quickly complete the virtual simulation experiment in the virtual experiment environment. General services include experiment educational administration, experiment teaching management, the theory knowledge learning, experiment resource management, intelligent guidance, interactive communication, automatic correction function, experiment report management, teaching effect evaluation, open and shared modules, etc. The general service layer also provides the relevant integrated interface tools, so that the system can integrate the third-party virtual experiment software to carry out unified management.2.4. Simulation LayerThe simulation layer mainly creates models of experimental equipment, constructs the experiment scene, develops the virtual instrument, and provides the universal emulator. Finally, it provides the formatted output of experimental data for the upper layer.2.5. Application LayerBased on the services provided by the underlying layers, finally the virtual simulation experiment project of fire escape and emergency evacuation is taught and shared in the application layer. The application layer of the framework has good expansibility. Accordingtoteaching needs, teachers can design various typical experimental examples by using various tools provided by the service layer and corresponding equipment models provided by the simulation layer, and finally carry out experimental teaching for schools.3. PRINCIPLE AND PROCESS OF VIRTUAL SIMULATION EXPERIMENT OF FIRE ESCAPE AND EMERGENCY EVACUATIONIn the experiments of fire escape and emergency evacuation virtual simulation, the modern information technology is used to promote the reform of experiment teaching, which applied immersive, problem-based, interactive, autonomous and reflective teaching methods. So as to improve the ability of innovation, active learning and self-reflection for experiment participants.3.1. The Purpose of the Experiments(1) To virtualize the unrealizable real fire environment, intuitively feel the fearfulness and severity of fire, and conduct safety education for the experiment participants.(2) To make the experiment participants experience the danger of fire firsthand and improve their safety awareness.(3) To improve the ability of the experiment participants to respond to fire, rescue themselves and organize evacuation.(4) To make the experiment participants master the use of fire extinguishers and other equipment, so as to reduce the experimental cost.3.2. The Teaching Knowledge Points of the Experiments(1) Personal safety knowledge and fire escape knowledge.(2) Equipment operation knowledge.(3) The design of escape route and the choice of escape method.(4) The design of evacuation plan.(5) Escape skills and evacuation under the condition of not serious fire.(6) High-rise building escape skills and evacuation.(7) Escape skills and evacuation in heavy smoke.(8) Safety education of fire disaster 3.3. The Implementation Process of the ExperimentsOn the simulation platform, the virtual simulation experiment teaching will set up five parts including preview, demonstration, learning, assessment and report.Preview Module: similar to experimental textbooks with experimental purposes, principles, operating steps, precautions, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to preview before conducting experiments.Demonstration Module: including the learning video of the whole process of standard operation, which is convenient for the experiment participants to quickly understand the experimental content as a whole.Learning Module: human-computer interaction can guide the experiment participants to complete the whole experiment step by step with the help of relevant prompts.Assessment Module: conducting the operation test without any prompt and the system will give the score automatically after the assessment.Report Module: After the completion of the assessment, the experimental report should be written, including the experimental purpose, principle, process, conclusion, and evaluation and suggestions for the experiment, and should be submitted to the teacher for review.3.4. Methods and Procedures of the ExperimentsThe simulation training of fire escape and emergency evacuation are constructed through simulation experiments. The experimental project recreates the scene of fire scene by 3d simulation technology and the experiment participants can carry out interactive operation in the whole scene to complete the experiment. The procedures of the experiments areshown in Figure2.Figure 2 Procedures of the Experiments4. FEATURES OF EXPERIMENTAL TEACHINGPROJECTS4.1. Diversified Teaching MethodsThe project follows the experimental teaching idea of teaching orientation, subject integration and innovative practice. Through the implementation of experiential immersion teaching method, the participants can master the escape skills in the event of fire and improve their emergency response ability, organization and coordination ability and comprehensive practice ability in the process of immersive experience, problem discrimination, interactive exercise, autonomous design and reflective evaluation.4.2. Obvious Teaching EffectsThis immersive teaching method can stimulate the learning interest of the experimental participants, deepen the knowledge experience of fire, improve the emergency response ability, and enhance the efficiency and ability of learning. The experimental method can also cultivate the habit of active learning and the ability to find, analyze, solve problems and think creatively. 4.3. Evaluation System4.3.1. Error Correction and FeedbackIn the normative practice of the project, the system will automatically prompt and correct the error when the operation is wrong. The experiment teacher can design the experiment independently, and the system automatically records the experiment process and operation steps throughout the whole process. The experiment participants can look back at their own operation records, prompting them to develop the habit of standardized practice and active thinking.4.3.2. Evaluation and ReflectionIn the assessment link, the system will automatically generate records and scores that can be traced back to the experimental process, so as to evaluate the operation of the experimental participants. The system carries out multi-dimensional assessment on the operation times, operation time, interactive operation points, etc. In addition, the theoretical knowledge of the experimental subjects is assessed through the experimental report, thus forming a comprehensive evaluation system that combines theory with practice, process and summative evaluation.4.4. The Extension and Development of Traditional TeachingSimulation system provides participants with high simulation of the virtual experiment environment, solving a series of problems, such as the risk of fire, lack of real environment, the limited experimental site, etc. which saves the cost of experiment teaching and extends the traditional laboratory with fixed class time to the network virtual laboratory and 24 hours online classroom in the air, so as to use modern information technology to extend the depth and breadth of the experimental content.5. CONCLUSIONThe Virtual Simulation Experiment System of Fire Escape and Emergency Evacuation reproduce the virtual scenes of fire accident and establish the virtual environment for fire escape and evacuation drills. So the system provides learners with an intuitive learning method and creates an immersive real experience environment, so as to enhance their ability to cope with emergencies.REFERENCES[1] Fuquan Zhu, Liping Yang, The Application ofVirtual Reality Technology in Fire Science, in: Science and Technology Innovation Herald, 2018, 15(09), pp:146-149.[2] Dechuang Zhou, Study on Fire ScenarioComputation and Simulation Based on Virtual Reality Platform, in: University of Science and Technology of China, 2009.[3] Weiguo Wang, Construction Consideration andSuggestion of Virtual Simulation Experimental Teaching Center, in: Research and Exploration in Laboratory, 2013, 32(12), pp:5-8 [4] Yunming Zhang, Lei Chen, Fire Fighting andRescue Training System Based on Virtual Reality Technology, in: Fire Science and Technology, 2010, 29 (11) , pp:996-998.[5] Weiguo Wang, Jinhong Hu, Hong Liu, CurrentSituation and Development of Virtual Simulation Experimental Teaching of Overseas Universities, in: Research and Exploration in Laboratory, 2015, 34(05), pp:214-219[6] Ling Jiang, Xiaolu Liu, Yingqi Wang, A briefanalysis in the current development of fire computer simulation technology, in: Fire Science and Technology, 2009, 28 (3) , pp:156-159。

International Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Informatics (AMEII 2015)A Rocket Launcher Virtual Training System DesignYi CHENG1,a, Yuxia CHEN1, Bin LI1, Yanfei GUAN1, Dimin WU11Wuhan Mechanical Technology College, Wuhan, 430075,Chinaa email:****************Keywords:Virtual Training System; Rocket Launcher; Modeling and Rendering; Model Transformation; Scene SynthesisAbstract. The overall design scheme of a rocket launcher is proposed in this paper. Modeling and rendering, model transformation and scene synthesis in scene generation has been studied. And the interactive training processisdeveloped. Moreover, the key technology of system design is illustrated.IntroductionAfter years of development, virtual training has been successfully applied in the aviation and aerospace equipment [1], tanks and missiles [2][3], military vehicle [5] and other equipments. It has been proved that virtual training has the advantages of low investment, prove its high yield, good effect. In the research of virtual maintenance of large equipment, some work has already been done. Li et al [5] studies system design, system structure, composition and realization method of virtual maintenance. Dynamic link library has been used to constructe a complicated equipment maintenance training simulation system [6]. Distributed network virtual repair system are established by using VRML language, so the distributed users can share the maintenance activity under the network environment [7].With respect to the characteristics of a certain type of rocket launcher training, this paper establishes a virtual training system development platform, which can be used for operation training and repair training. In the framework of the platform presented in this paper, Solidworks is utilized for modeling and 3ds Max is used for renderingto achieve realistic results. Finally, Virtools is utilized for interaction design.Overall designBased on modeling, rendering, animation and so on, the rocket launcher virtual training system constructs the rocket model and virtual environment, simulatesthe operation process of arocket launcher, to achieve the teaching and training of the rocket launcher with little resource consumption and short development cycle.The mechanical parts are modeled in Solidworks and rendered in 3ds Max to achieve the sense of reality, and then they are plugged into Virtools for interaction design.A.Virtual environment modelingSolidWorks, a 3D mechanical software developed by the French Dassault company, is utilized forrocketparts modeling.B. Interaction modeA desktop virtual reality system is adopted.Keyboard and mouse are utilized as interface device. The behavior executed by mouse and keyboard are defined by Virtools BB script, i.e., operation training and maintenance training.C.Disassembly process planningDisassembly process modeling is a problem need to be solved in virtual training, and the disassembly method is the key point. Petri network planning method is used to model the disassembly process of the rocket launcher system as a guide virtual training system development.D.Virtual trainingSolidWorks is utilized as the modeling method, 3ds Max is adopted as the intermediate platform, and Virtools BB script language is used to develop virtual training system.Scene generation based on VirtoolsA. modeling and rendering3D model is the basis of the rocket launcher virtual training system. Therefore, model will directly affect the operation effect and the fidelity of the virtual environment.Sincethe rendering materials cannot be shown in Virtools, 3ds max is utilized for rendering model to achieve the true sense. Because most parts are made of metal materials, the sense of reality and gloss material is very important. At the same time, in order to achieve the best display effect in Virtools, 3ds max mapping function is applied.B.Model outputVirtools comes with output plug for Maya,3ds MAX, Light Wave and XSI. Therefore, 3ds Max is utilized as an intermediary to connect SolidWorks and Virtools. MAXScript is used to import STL entity components in batch.C.Scene generationThrough the 3ds Max Exporter exe plugin, the 3ds Max rocket file can be exported into NMO format. The elements whichcan be derived from 3ds Max are: (1) the rocket digital model; (2) the model material and color; (3) the modeling set light, including Free Spot, Target Spot, Oni, Target Direct, Free Direct and other standard lamp types; (4) any camera created in 3ds Max.Interactive designThe simulation of rocket launcher virtual operation, and the display of structure parts, demand a two-way communication betweenthe system and the participant.When the operator clicks parts in the model, and then click the option box, the selected components will make the appropriate action, such as flicker, moving, rotating, which can make the whole picture more dynamic. The interaction task and scene control should be accomplished by using 3D pick up of the mouse in Virtools.Fig.1. Maintenance flow chatKey technologyA.Same object cannot be chose twice“Set Cell”can choose a unit in the array according to the column and row indices. By using two “Set Cell” to replace the “Object Set” (see Figure 2),objects after the implementation are assigned with a “security”, i.e.,they cannot be selected again.Fig.2.Replace Object SetB.Tools and components cannot be hiddenTools and spare parts are all set to hide at initialization. They are shown when needed and hidden after using. Since some tools and spare parts is composed of various components, abusing the “Hide” module may leads to bug. Therefore, the “Group Iterator” module is used to package all models which need to be hidden, as shown in Figure 3.Fig.3. Hidden realizationC.Warnings aboutRealtime UpdatingIt is found out that the lack of information interaction results in that script failed with synchronous operation. Therefore, the information interaction between the operator script and the warning script is added. As shown in Figures4 and 5, a “Send Message” is addedto the operation script anda “Wait Message”is added to the warning script.Fig.4. Modified operation scriptFig.5. Modified warning scriptConclusionA rocket launcher virtual training system is developed. The modeling of rocket launcher parts, the rendering of material models, the model transformation among various software, and the scene synthesis method are studied. Three key technologies, i.e., same object cannot be chose twice, tools and components cannot be hidden, warnings about realtime updating, have been solved or existing solutions. The Virtual training system can sustain the teaching and training mission, and enhance the equipment maintenance ability of the weapon system.References[1] CuiXiao-feng, FengWu-bin, XiangChang-le, et a1. Researchof maintainability and validation methods in armored equipment based on virtual maintenance [J].ActaArmamentarii, 2009, 30(11): 1430-1434.[2] YangYu-hang, LiZhi-zhong, FuYu, et a1. Missile maintenance training system based on virtual reality technology[J]. ActaArmamentarii, 2006, 27(3): 297-300.[3] XiePu, SuQua-xing, GuHung-qiang. Research on scene graph of virtual maintenance training system of armament[J].ActaArmamentarii, 2006, 27(4): 741-744.[4] Li Dan, YangSi-xin, Yang Yu-hang. Helicopter maintenance training simulation system[J].Computer Engineering and Design, 2009, 30(5): 1212-1215.[5] HaoJian-ping. The simulation theory and techniques of virtual maintenance[M].Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2008: 219-277.[6] Yang Yu-hang, Su Man-di, QiaoHui. Complex equipment maintenance training simulation system[J]．Journal System Simulation, 2008, 20(11): 2885-2892.[7] Cui Han-guo.The distributed equipment virtual maintenance simulation system based on VRML[J].Computer Simulation, 2003, 20(3): 15-17.。

Computer games have become an integral part of modern entertainment,offering a wide range of features that cater to diverse interests and skill levels.Here is an overview of the functionalities that are commonly found in computer games:1.Interactive Storytelling:Many games feature intricate narratives that unfold as the player progresses through the game.Players often make choices that affect the storyline, leading to multiple endings and immersive experiences.2.Realistic Graphics:Advancements in technology have allowed for the creation of stunning visuals in games.Highdefinition textures,realistic lighting,and detailed character models contribute to a more engaging and believable gaming world.3.Multiplayer Capabilities:Online multiplayer features enable players to compete or cooperate with others from around the globe.This includes competitive modes like deathmatches,cooperative missions,and even largescale battles in massively multiplayer online games MMOs.4.Customization Options:Players can often personalize their gaming experience by customizing characters,weapons,and even game settings.This allows for a unique playstyle tailored to individual preferences.5.Achievements and Rewards:Many games incorporate a system of achievements or trophies that players can earn by completing specific tasks or challenges.These rewards can be a source of pride and motivation to explore all aspects of the game.6.Modding Support:Some games offer modding support,allowing players to create and share their own content,such as new levels,characters,or game mechanics.This can greatly extend the life of a game and offer new experiences beyond the original design.7.Virtual Reality VR Integration:With the advent of VR technology,some games offer a fully immersive experience where players can interact with the game world in a threedimensional space,using VR headsets and controllers.8.Esports and Competitive Gaming:Certain games are designed with competitive play in mind,leading to the rise of esports,where professional gamers compete in tournaments with large prize pools and global audiences.9.CrossPlatform Play:Modern games often support crossplatform play,allowing players on different devices,such as PCs,consoles,and mobile devices,to play together seamlessly.cational Content:Some computer games are designed with educational purposes, teaching players about history,science,or problemsolving skills in an engaging and interactive way.11.Accessibility Features:To cater to a wider audience,including those with disabilities, many games include accessibility options such as colorblind modes,adjustable controls, and screen reader compatibility.12.Dynamic Environments:Some games feature dynamic environments that change based on player actions or realworld time,adding an extra layer of realism and immersion.13.Save and Load Systems:Players can save their progress at any point and return to it later,allowing for flexible play sessions and reducing the frustration of losing progress.14.InGame Economies:Many games feature ingame economies where players can earn, trade,or purchase virtual goods,sometimes even with realworld currency.15.Regular Updates and DLC:Developers often release updates and downloadable content DLC to expand the game,fix bugs,and introduce new features,keeping the game fresh and engaging for players.These features not only enhance the gaming experience but also demonstrate the versatility and creativity of the gaming industry,ensuring that there is something for everyone in the world of computer games.。

居民室内发生燃气火灾，有人员被困，急需破门救助等。

常规处置方法：毁锁器开门法、无齿锯锯切法、无火花 工具。

常规处置步骤：接警一到场一了解情况一警戒一气体 探测一快速研判处置方案一选择处置方法一细水雾稀释 降温一破拆防盗门一灭火救援与人员救助一任务结束。

(2)实战训练方法。

结合防盗门消防破拆模拟训练装 置的功能，消防救援人员执行此类任务时，需根据可燃气 体泄漏情况、防盗门受热情况、烟雾情况等，研判救援方 法。

因此，模拟训练装置需要发烟模块、温度感应模块、可燃气体模拟模块和计时模块同时启动，方可供消防救援人 员开展各类防盗门破拆救援操法的实战训练。

注意事项：处置前确认关掉燃气总阀，做好个人防护 和水枪掩护；破门后要注意预防轰燃发生，做好个人防护。

4结语针对消防救援人员执行防盗门破拆的任务日益增多 的情形，但缺乏专用、有效的防盗门破拆训练装备，普通防 盗门作为破拆训练对象存在功能单一、效果不显著等问 题，应用多功能场景交互模拟和实战训练应用技术，研制 了一种新型防盗门消防破拆模拟训练装置。

该装置可根 据实战需求，模拟各种防盗门破拆救援的真实工况，有效 开展4大类科目中的3种锁具和4种门面破拆操法的模 拟训练，同时该装置也可应用于防火门门面破拆的实战训 练，可进一步提高我国消防救援人员开辟救生通道的实战 能力。

参考文献：[1] 张磊.阮桢.多锁点防盗门消防破拆模拟训练装置的设计[】].消防科学与技术，2018,37(3): 388-390.[2] 张磊，赵成.浅析H内防盗门消防破拆技术与装备现状[C]//2016中国消防协会科学技术年会论文集.北京：中国科学技术出版社.2016: 318-320.[3] 王振群，刘忠喜.防盗门破拆问题初探[C]//2013中国消防协会科学技术年会论文集.北京：中国科学技术出版社，2013:354-357.[4] 蒋飞，韩峰，王建中.反恐行动中利用空气冲击波破除防盗门的研究[J].中国人民公安大学学报（自然科学版），2010,(2):91-93.[5] 艾军.特警突击行动中爆破破拆防盗门技术研究[J].中国人民公安大学学报（自然科学版），2011,(6):19-24.Research on fire breaking simulation trainingdevice of anti-theft doorZHANG L e i,RUAN Zhen,HONG Y i n g-z h e n g(Shanghai Fire R e s e a r c h Institute of M E M,S h a nghai 200438, China)Abstract: Against p r o b l e m s of the fire rescue a n d breaking sim u l a­tion training device of anti-theft d o o r such as the single function |•科技信息. ( NFPA99《医疗卫生设施规范》i \NFPA 99《医疗卫生设施规范》是与卫生保健j j服务或系统风险水平相关的标准。

Computer games have become an integral part of modern entertainment,offering a wide range of experiences from actionpacked adventures to strategic challenges and immersive simulations.Here is an essay discussing the various aspects of computer gaming.The Evolution of Computer GamesThe history of computer games dates back to the1950s,with simple textbased games evolving into the complex,graphically rich experiences we enjoy today.Early games like Pong and Space Invaders laid the foundation for the industry,which has since grown to include genres such as roleplaying games RPGs,firstperson shooters FPS,and massively multiplayer online games MMOs.The Impact on SocietyComputer games have had a profound impact on society.They have become a significant part of popular culture,influencing movies,music,and even fashion.Furthermore,they have been used as educational tools,helping to develop problemsolving skills,strategic thinking,and handeye coordination.The Benefits of GamingGaming offers numerous benefits.It can be a source of relaxation and stress relief, allowing players to escape from the pressures of daily life.Additionally,it can foster a sense of community,as many games are designed to be played with others,either competitively or cooperatively.The Challenges of GamingDespite its benefits,computer gaming also presents challenges.Issues such as addiction, where players spend excessive time gaming to the detriment of other aspects of their lives, have been a concern.There are also debates about the impact of violent games on behavior,although research findings on this topic are mixed.Technological AdvancementsThe technology behind computer games is constantly evolving.With advancements in graphics,artificial intelligence,and virtual reality,games are becoming more realistic and immersive.This has opened up new possibilities for storytelling and gameplay,pushing the boundaries of what can be achieved in a digital environment.The Future of GamingLooking ahead,the future of computer gaming is promising.With the rise of cloud gaming and the integration of augmented reality,players can expect even more innovative and interactive experiences.The gaming industry will likely continue to grow, offering new opportunities for creativity and engagement.ConclusionIn conclusion,computer games are more than just a form of entertainment they are a cultural phenomenon that continues to evolve and influence the world in various ways. As technology progresses,the experiences offered by computer games will only become more sophisticated,offering players new challenges and opportunities for enjoyment.It is essential to approach gaming with a balanced perspective,recognizing both its potential benefits and the need for responsible engagement.。

一种能够批处理的林火行为空间模拟系统孙萍;吴秀平;金森;于宏洲;朱朦;王晓红【摘要】A forest ifre behavior space simulation system with batch processing capacity was developed to overcome the shortcoming of existing ifre behavior modeling software that they can not conduct multiple simulations at one time. The system incorporates two most commonly used forest ifre behavior models (the Rothermel model and the Canadian Fire Behavior Prediction Model) and can use fuel data either from the American National Fire Danger Rating System or from the Canadian Fire Behavior Prediction System. The software allows users to conduct multiple simulations with different parameters, environmental variables set by users at one time and to optimally estimate fuel parameters under constraint defined by users. The system can improve simulation efficiency and provide probability distribution of modeled forest ifre behavior, which would be a useful tool for studying on ifre behavior and effects of ifres on ecosystem.%针对现有林火空间蔓延模拟软件输入参数后只能模拟一次，无法批处理多次模拟的不足，开发了具有批处理功能的林火行为空间模拟系统。

介绍美军仿真训练系统的书籍-回复美军仿真训练系统是美国军队使用的一种先进的训练工具，它通过模拟真实的战场环境和战斗场景，使士兵们能够在虚拟情况下进行实际的战斗推演和训练。

这样的系统不仅能够提高士兵们的实战能力，还能够降低实际战斗中的风险和成本。

有关美军仿真训练系统的书籍也有很多，下面将为大家介绍一些相关著作。

1.《虚拟的战争：美国军事训练中的仿真技术》（Virtual War: Simulating U.S. Military Training）这本书是由美国军事历史学家、战略研究专家詹姆斯·皮尔森（James Pearson）所著，是一本较早关于美军仿真训练系统的著作。

书中详细介绍了美军使用仿真技术进行训练的历史背景、发展过程和相关技术，以及这些技术在实际战争中的应用。

它提供了一个全面的视角，帮助读者了解美军仿真训练系统的发展趋势和在战争中的作用。

2.《虚拟战争学：仿真训练系统的应用和发展》（Virtual Warfare: Applications and Developments in Simulation Training）这本由美国退伍军人、作家罗伯特·詹金斯（Robert Jenkins）撰写的书籍主要介绍了美军仿真训练系统的应用和发展。

书中详细讲述了美军如何利用仿真技术来提高士兵们的实战能力和决策水平，同时也讨论了相关技术在其他领域的应用。

通过举实例和详细分析，读者能够深入了解虚拟战争学的理论和实践，并对其在未来的发展方向有更深入的思考。

3.《优化作战：美国军队的虚拟战争模拟器》（Optimizing Combat: The Virtual Warfare Simulator of the U.S. Military）这本书由美国战略研究专家、军事学者杰夫·哈里斯（Jeff Harris）撰写。

他详细介绍了美国军队如何利用虚拟战争模拟器来优化作战效果，提升士兵们的战斗技能和决策能力。

9楼神经科火灾模拟训练英文版Title: Fire Drill Simulation Training on the 9th Floor Neurology DepartmentThe purpose of this document is to outline the procedures and guidelines for conducting a fire drill simulation training on the 9th floor neurology department. The simulation training is essential to ensure the safety and preparedness of staff, patients, and visitors in the event of a fire emergency.Preparation:1. Notify all staff members, patients, and visitors about the upcoming fire drill simulation training.2. Designate a fire drill coordinator to oversee and coordinate the training.3. Review the emergency evacuation plan and procedures with all staff members prior to the drill.4. Conduct a walkthrough of the floor to identify emergency exits, fire extinguishers, and other safety equipment.Execution:1. Activate the fire alarm to signal the start of the drill.2. Instruct staff members to follow the evacuation plan and proceed to the nearest exit in an orderly manner.3. Assign specific roles to staff members, such as assisting patients with mobility issues or conducting a sweep of the floor to ensure all areas are evacuated.4. Provide training on how to properly use fire extinguishers and other safety equipment.5. Conduct a headcount at the designated assembly area to ensure all staff members, patients, and visitors have safely evacuated the building.6. Debrief all participants on their performance during the drill and provide feedback on areas for improvement.Evaluation:1. Review the effectiveness of the fire drill simulation training and identify any areas that need improvement.2. Update the emergency evacuation plan and procedures based on the feedback received during the drill.3. Conduct regular fire drill simulation training to ensure that all staff members are prepared to respond to a fire emergency.In conclusion, conducting a fire drill simulation training on the 9th floor neurology department is crucial for maintaining a safe and secure environment for all individuals in the event of a fire emergency. By following the outlined procedures and guidelines, staff members can effectively respond to a fire emergency and ensure the safety of all occupants on the floor.。

虚拟现实技术在游戏行业中的应用研究（英文中文双语版优质文档）Virtual Reality (VR for short) technology is a simulation experience technology realized through computer technology and equipment, which allows users to obtain an immersive feeling. In recent years, with the continuous development of computer technology and hardware equipment, virtual reality technology has been widely used in various fields, among which the game industry is one of the most typical application fields. This article will deeply discuss the application research of virtual reality technology in the game industry, including technical principles, game design, user experience and other aspects.1. Technical principleThe core technologies of virtual reality technology are image processing and head-mounted display devices. Its main process includes steps such as scene modeling, image rendering and user interaction.First of all, scene modeling is an important link in virtual reality technology, which mainly uses computer technology to build a virtual environment, including scenes, characters, objects, etc.Secondly, image rendering is another core link in virtual reality technology, which mainly uses computer graphics technology to render the virtual environment so that it can be displayed realistically.Then, user interaction is another important link in virtual reality technology, which mainly realizes the interaction between users and the virtual environment through handles, eye movements, and voice.2. Game DesignVirtual reality technology brings more possibilities to game design. Compared with traditional games, virtual reality games can bring players a more realistic gaming experience and improve the game's playability and fun.In the design of virtual reality games, the following points need to be paid attention to:1. Scene design: Scene is one of the most important elements in virtual reality games. When designing a scene, it is necessary to consider the fidelity and interactivity of the scene, and strive to make the player immersive.2. Task design: Tasks are one of the core elements in virtual reality games. When designing a task, it is necessary to consider the difficulty of the task, the player's sense of accomplishment, and the reward mechanism to improve the playability of the game.3. Character design: Characters are one of the important elements in virtual reality games. When designing a character, it is necessary to consider the character's appearance, actions, and abilities to improve the fidelity of the character and the player's sense of substitution.3. User experienceUser experience is an aspect that must be paid attention to in the development of virtual reality games. The goal of virtual reality games is to allow players to feel immersive, so user experience needs to be considered from many aspects.1. Comfort: In virtual reality games, players need to be immersive, but an overly realistic experience may also cause discomfort such as motion sickness. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the player's comfort level in game development, and reduce discomfort such as motion sickness through design and adjustment.2. Operation experience: Virtual reality games need to realize the interaction between the user and the virtual environment through handles, eye movements, voice, etc., so the convenience and ease of operation need to be considered to improve the user experience.3. Game scene: The game scene is one of the most important elements in virtual reality games. It needs to present a realistic game scene through scene design, sound effects, light and shadow, etc., so that players can get an immersive feeling.4. Social experience: In virtual reality games, players can interact with other players through the Internet, so it is necessary to consider the importance of social experience and design related social functions, such as voice chat, friend system, etc., to improve the sociability of the game and fun.4. Future developmentThe application of virtual reality technology in the game industry has achieved great success, but with the continuous development of technology, the application of virtual reality technology in the game industry will usher in more development opportunities in the future.1. Technological innovation: In the future, virtual reality technology will pay more attention to technological innovation, such as higher definition, more realistic image rendering technology, more natural user interaction experience, etc., which will make the experience of virtual reality games even better.2. Industry integration: With the continuous development of the application of virtual reality technology in the game industry, virtual reality technology will also be integrated with other industries in the future, such as sports, education, medical care, etc., to bring people a more comprehensive experience and application.3. New game types: The application of virtual reality technology in the game industry will promote the innovation of game types, such as more realistic role-playing games, more exciting action games, etc., bringing more fresh game experiences to players.4. Multi-platform support: In the future, virtual reality technology will be more widely supported on different platforms, such as PCs, hosts, mobile devices, etc., which will make the popularity and application of virtual reality games more extensive.In short, the application of virtual reality technology in the game industry has broad prospects and potential. Future development will pay more attention to technological innovation, industry integration and innovation of new game types, and will also be more widely used in multi-platform support. These developments will bring better virtual reality gaming experience and broader application scenarios.虚拟现实（Virtual Reality，简称VR）技术是一种通过计算机技术和设备实现的仿真体验技术，可以让用户获得身临其境的感觉。