高考英语一轮 必修三 Unit 4复习题及答案解析

Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars话题：职业选择【场景背诵】－－体会黑体表达并背诵全文When I graduated from high school, I wanted to major in comparative literature. But, once I found out my friends were going into “real” majors, like marketing, nursing, and engineering, I figured I needed to do the same to ensure a good career. So I changed my mind and chose Business Management as my major. I forced myself to believe that I would enjoy it and succeed in the future, but eventually I exhausted myself understanding the economy and trying new marketing techniques. Coming out of this experience, I realize it is OK to be different from others and to study things like classics, art history and other majors offered in the College of Humanities (人文学科)! (2019·高考天津3月卷· D)【话题运用】－－根据提示进行写作1．拥有更广阔的视角，我们将会更加自由，更加思想开明，并且有更少的桎梏限制我们的发展。

Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意1．astronaut n．宇航员；太空人2．procedure n．程序；步骤；手续3．cm abbr.(centimetre or centimeter)厘米4．rocket n．火箭；火箭弹5．gravity n．重力；引力6．frontier n．边境；国界；边远地区7．vehicle n．交通工具；车辆8．satellite n．人造卫星；卫星9．orbit n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围vt.&vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行10．giant adj.巨大的；伟大的n．巨人；巨兽；伟人11．leap n．跳跃；剧增；剧变vi.&vt.(leapt，leapt or leaped，leaped)跳过；跃过12．agency n．(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处13．transmit vt.&vi.传输；发送14．data n．[pl.]资料；数据15．spacewalk n．太空行走；太空行走的时间16．jade n．玉；翡翠；玉器17．solar adj.太阳的；太阳能的18．solar system太阳系；类太阳系19．sufficient adj.足够的；充足的20．soap n．肥皂21．microwave n．(also microwave oven)微波炉22．tissue n．纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织23．facility n．设施；设备24．fatal adj.致命的；灾难性的25．high-end adj.高端的26．foam n．泡沫橡胶；泡沫27．pillow n．枕头28．smartphone n．智能手机29．closing adj.结尾的；结束的n．停业；关闭；倒闭Ⅱ.重点单词——记形1．launch vt.&n．发射；发起；上市2．mankind n．人类3．signal vt.&vi.标志着；标明；发信号n．信号；标志4．recycle vt.回收利用；再利用5．muscle n．肌肉；实力；影响力6．float vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮vt.使浮动；使漂流7．otherwise ad v.否则；要不然8．beyond prep.在更远处；超出9．current adj.当前的；现在的n．水流；电流；思潮10．towel n．毛巾；抹布11．keen adj.热衷的；渴望的12．shallow adj.肤浅的；浅的13．pattern n．模式；图案；模范14．monitor n．监视器；监测仪vt.监视；监测；监控15．resource n．资源；财力；物力16．oxygen n．氧；氧气Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变1．mental adj.精神的；思想的→mentally ad v.精神上地2．intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n．智慧3．determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→determine vt.查明；确定；决定→determination n．决心；果断4．disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappoint vt.使失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望；沮丧5．desire n．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望→desirable adj.值得做的6．independent adj.独立的；自立的→independently ad v.独立地；自立地→independence n．独立；自立→depend vi.依靠7．lack vt.缺乏；没有n．缺乏；短缺→lacking adj.缺乏的；不足的8．globe n．地球；世界；地球仪→global adj.全球的；全面的9．argue vt.&vi.论证；争辩；争论→argument n．争论；争吵；论点10．analysis n．(pl.analyses)(对事物的)分析；分析结果→analyz(s)e v．分析11．regular adj.定期的；经常的；正常的→regularly ad v.有规律地；经常；定期地→irregular adj.无规律的；不定期的12．limited adj.有限的→limitless/unlimited adj.无限的→limit vt.&n．限制13．mystery n．神秘事物；谜→mysterious adj.神秘的14．attach vt.系；绑；贴→attached adj.附着的；依恋的→attachment n．附件；附属品；依恋1．accustomed/ə'kʌstəmd/adj.习惯于；通常的2．cherish/'tʃer Iʃ/vt.抱有(信念、希望)；怀念；珍爱3．exhausted/Iɡ'zɔːst I d/adj.筋疲力尽的；枯竭的4．whatsoever/ˌwɒtsəʊ'evə(r)/ad v.丝毫(不)；一点也(不)5．spontaneous/spɒn'te I niəs/adj.自发的；自然的6．unprecedented/ʌn'pres I dentId/adj.前所未有的；空前的7．earnest/'ɜːn I st/adj.非常认真的；真诚的8．invade/In've I d/vi.&vt.武装入侵；侵略；侵犯9．surrender/sə'rendə(r)/vi.&vt.投降；(被迫)放弃，交出n．投降；屈服；屈从10．capture/'kæptʃə(r)/n．(被)捕获；(被)俘获vt.俘虏；俘获；捕获Ⅳ.背核心短语1．carry on继续做，坚持干2．on board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上3．in the hope of doing sth抱着……的希望4．so as to(do sth)为了；以便5．figure out弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白6．result in导致；造成7．as a result所以；结果(是)8．provide for sb提供生活所需9．in closing最后10．run out用完；耗尽Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.(otherwise引导的含蓄虚拟条件句)宇航员在太空工作时，不得不用胶带把所有的东西固定下来，否则所有的东西都会飘走。

新教材高考英语全程一轮总复习学生用书新人教版：选择性必修第三册 UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE过基础·语基落实(一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高识记单词写对Ⅰ.知其意1．adversity n. ____________2．expedition n. ____________3．vigour n. ____________4．cupboard n. ____________5．steward n. ____________6．stove n. ____________7．miserable adj. ____________8．cosy adj. ____________9．bark vi. & n. ____________10．rugby n. ____________11．bat n. ____________vi. & vt. ____________12．nephew n. ____________13．corporate adj. ____________14．motor n. ____________adj. ____________Ⅱ.写其形1．________ n．工资2．________ adv. & prep. 上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)3．________ n．毯子4．________ n. & vi.航海；航行5．________ n．海军；海军部队6．________ adj. 脾气好的/坏的7．________ adj. 真正的；真诚的；可信赖的8．________ n．(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人9．________ n. 家具10．________ n．娱乐；消遣；游戏11．________ adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的12．________ n．动机；原因；目的13．________ n．候选人；应试者14．________ adj.潮湿的；湿气重的核心单词练透1．Friends are not books, yet books are friends. Friends may betray you, while books are always ________ (忠诚的)．2．When Mary conducted the evening party on the stage, her colleagues looked at her with ________ (羡慕)．3．While we were in their home, we helped do a ________(彻底的)cleaning, sweeping the floor and tidying the house.[2023·张家口市三模]4．There is a famous saying based on Chinese philosophy：“________ (味苦的) pills may have blessed effects.”5．Under the ________(指导) of our teacher，we finished the experiment perfectly.6．Learning that I failed in the exam，my heart ________ (下沉)．拓展单词用活【记全记牢】1．qualify vt.(使)具有资格；(使)合格→________ adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→________ n．资格；资历；资格证书2．endure vt. 忍耐；容忍→________ n．忍耐力；耐久力3．abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃；沉迷于→________ adj.被抛弃的；无约束的4．belong v．属于→________ n. (pl.) 财物；动产5．selfish adj.自私的→________ adv.自私地→________ n．自私自利6．resolve vi.&vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n．决心；坚定的信念→________ n．决议；解决；坚定7．corporate adj. 公司的；法人的；社团的→________ n. 公司8．loyal adj. 忠诚的；忠实的→________ n. 忠诚；忠实9．advertise vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告→________ n．广告活动；广告业→________ n．广告【用准用活】10．He ________ me to the difficult ________，so I couldn't waste any time.(assign)11．Today I am as ________ about my job as the first day and my ________ enables me to treat my job ________．(enthusiastic)12．Believe it or not，my husband was ________ to me and his ________ always made me in low spirits.(cruel)13．________，he received a large ________ from his uncle who is warm-hearted and generous.(fortunate)14．He ________ himself to working day and night. His ________ won him a great reputation.(commit)15．He ________ with his violin lessons.It was his ________ that enabled him to become a distinguished violinist.(persevere)16．Under the________ of the qualified ________，we traveled around the places of interest very happily.(guide)(二)语境记忆短语——不枯燥·兴趣高记全记牢1.____________ 拒绝(某人)2．____________ 生火3．____________ 放出(热、光、气味或气体)4．____________ 保持某人高昂的情绪5．____________ 使某人振作起来6．____________ 对……厌倦的7．____________ 回报某人8．____________ 困住；陷于9．____________ 对……热情10．____________ 坚持住；等一下；别挂断用准用活选用左栏短语填空1．The rotting bananas are ____________ a bad smell, so you'd better throw them away.2．In the face of all these difficulties, we should not be discouraged but ______________. (劝慰信)3．The hall was full, and hundreds of fans had to be ________________．4．The teacher's encouragement ________ her ________， and her face lit up with joy. (读后续写之情感描写)5．Though ____________ the traffic jam, he was still in a good mood at the thought of the coming holiday.·会积累联想拓展·1．“旅行”名词家族①voyage 航行；航海②tour (观光)旅行③travel 旅行④journey (长途)旅行⑤trip (短途)旅行；外出⑥outing 远足2．“真诚；诚实”家族①sincere adj. 真诚的sincerely adv. 真诚地②genuine adj. 真诚的；真心的genuinely adv. 真诚地；诚实地③hearty adj. 亲切的；真诚的；热诚的④honest adj. 诚实的；正直的3．你会“打电话”吗？①ring sb. up 给某人打电话②call sb. up 给某人打电话③give sb. a phone/call/ring 给某人打电话④call/ring back 回电话⑤hold on 别挂断⑥ring off/hang up 挂断(三)仿写用活句式——造佳句·表达高攻重难·解惑释疑练学核心单词1enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的(☞enthusiastically adv.热情地；热心地☞enthusiasm n．热情；热忱)(1)be enthusiastic about (doing)sth. 对(做)……热情(2)lack/be full of enthusiasm 缺乏/充满热情with enthusiasm (＝enthusiastically) 热情地[练透] 单句语法填空/完成句子①Inspired by the ________(enthusiastic) and encouragement, David quickened his pace in high spirits. [2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写]②尽管失败了几次，伯纳德和杰克仍然热情地做爆米花。

UNIT 4 单元主题训练Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2022·佛山二模)The future of space exploration may depend on an art form from the past: origami (折纸艺术), the ancient art of paper folding.Researchers from Washington State University (WSU), US, have used origami to possibly solve the problem of storing and moving fuel to rocket engines, a key challenge in space travel, according to Newswise.They've developed a foldable plastic fuel “bladder (囊状物)” resistant to super cold temperatures, which could be used to store and pump fuel in spacecrafts of the future.Their findings have recently been published in the journal Cryogenics.“Folks have been trying to make bags for rocket fuel for a long time，” said Jake Leachman, one of the lead researchers.“We currently don't do large, long-duration trips because we can't store fuel long enough in space.”Meanwhile, NASA is also looking to paper folding to help observe distant planets.The agency is currently developing Starshade, a foldable, sunflower-shaped piece of hardware that would help block starlight and enable telescopes to view distant objects more clearly in space.“A huge part of my job is looking at something on paper and asking, ‘Can we fly this？’” Manan Arya, a technologist in California, said.“Once I realized this is how you fold spacecraft structures, I became interested in origami.I realized I was good at it and enjoyed it.Now, I fold constantly.”Using origami for space purposes isn't new, however.Solar arrays (太阳能阵列), experimental wings for space shuttle programs and an inflatable (可充气的) satellite were also inspired by origami in both past and present space projects.“With most origami, the magic comes from the folding，” Robert Salazar, who helped design the Starshade and now works on the Transformers project, said in a statement.“There are so many patterns to still be explored.”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。

Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the starsⅠ.单词拼写1．Whether we will visit the old temple________(取决于)on the weather.2．The government has taken immediate action to prevent SARS________(扩散)．3．The police found out the________(存在)of poison in the dead woman's blood.4．________(逐渐地)he developed his interest in playing chess.5．With the________(引力)of the moon and the sun each day，tides(潮汐)roll in and roll away.x.k.b.1 6．He managed to finish the race，________(不像)more than half of the competitors.7．His face wore a________(困惑的，迷惑的)expression.8．Eating too many desserts can be________(有害的)to one's teeth.9．The plane________(坠毁，碰撞)into the mountain.10．According to the________(理论)of relativity(相对论)，nothing can travel faster than light.答案 1.depends 2.spreading 3.presence 4.Gradually5．pull 6.unlike 7.puzzled 8.harmful 9.crashed 10．theoryⅡ.翻译句子w w w .1．很久以前地球上存在着恐龙。

必修第三册Unit 4Space Exploration高考题型组合练Ⅰ.阅读理解ADespite Kyle Tianshi being only a 15-year-old US high schooler，he has published five sci-fi novels.His fifth book E v entide was released in July.However，this may not be his most impressive achievement as Kyle just received the “Hero Award”，a $20,000 grand prize.It is the top honor in the California Youth Sustainability Awards.The competition aims to encourage and support young community leaders who are making a difference for sustainability in their communities by taking action for the planet.Kyle，a sophomore from the Cambridge School in the US，received the honor for his portable invention called NEREID.The device can detect microscopic particles(粒子) in water by using a laser and microscope.These particles can be harmful to people and the environment.Kyle came up with the idea for the invention based on his experience growing up in San Diego，California，the US.People had no access to unpolluted drinking water and his parents asked him not to drink tap water.Kyle spent about $60 buying the tools needed to analyze the tap water：a laser，a microscope and a micro-computer.“It’s incredibly powerful for the price，”Kyle said.Then he used their family’s garage as his laboratory，doing research on the pollution of drinking water caused by micro-plastics.Kyle hopes to bring to market a low-cost alternative tool for detecting micro-plastic pollution levels in drinking water.In this way，he can offer help to people who don’t have access to water filtration(过滤) systems.He has applied for a patent.Kyle said his sister Emily，a freshman at Stanford University，inspired his interest in environmental research.She was recognized nationally for developing a water collection device.They have founded the Clearwater Innovation program to advocate for clean water through social media platforms and organize community cleanup events.1．What do we know about Kyle?A．He is good at adapting sci-fi works.B．He entered many novel contests.C．He received an award for his invention.D．He’s found microscopic particles in water.答案 C解析细节理解题。