下载文档原格式
本试题卷共16页，81题。
全卷满分150分。
考试用时120分钟。
【试卷总评】：试卷整体难度比去年有所下降，突出语篇，强调运用。
单项填难度适中，覆盖高中阶段课程标准的教学重点和难点，包括定语从句、动词应用、词形转换、词语搭配、时态使用、虚拟语气、相似词辨析、交际用语等；完形填空文章内容理解较为容易，但部分选项容易混淆，需要认真思考才能准确作答。
讲述了一位癌症患者受一本心灵感化书籍和积极向上的病友的启发，变得积极乐观的励志故事，充满了正能量；阅读理解题量设置沿袭过去两年，难度有所降低，强调语篇分析，体裁包括应用文、科普说明文、议论文和历史文化类文章，题型包括主旨大意2题，细节理解5题，推理判断6题（所占比例较大），词义猜测1题和句意理解1题；任务型阅读难度较14年有所下降，重点考查考察信息转换题，涉及词性和词义转换，学生“有据可循”，归纳概括题比例明显下降；书面表达延续了2014年的“材料作文”，但有所创新，采用了“材料类+图形+提纲类”形式，综合考查考生阅读材料，识图和写作能力，有一定难度。
第一部分听力(共两节,满分 20 分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共 5 小题;每小题1 分,满分5 分)听下面5 段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例: How much is the shirt?A. 19.15.B. 9.18.C. 9.15.答案是C。
1. What time is it now?A. 910.B. 950.C. 1000.2. What does the woman think of the weather?A. It’s nice.B. It’s warm.C. It’s cold.3. What will the man do?A. Attend a meeting.B. Give a lecture.C. Leave his office.4. What is the woman’s opinion about the course?A. Too hard.B. Worth taking.C. Very easy.5. What does the woman want the man to do?A. Speak louder.B. Apologize to her.C. Turn off the radio.第二节(共15 小题;每小题 1 分,满分15 分)听下面 5 段对话或独白。
2015年##高考英语阅读与解析〔##卷〕英语II、阅读〔共两节,25题,满分50分〕第一节、阅读理解〔共20小题；每小题2分,满分40分〕阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.APeter loved to shop used articles. Almost a month ago, he bought popular word game that used little pieces of wood with different letters on them. As he was purchasing it, the salesgirl said, "Uh, look, the game box haven’t even been opened yet. That might be worth some money. 〞Peter examined the box, and, sure enough, it was completely covered in factory-sealed plastic. And he saw a date of 1973 on the back of the box."You should put that up for auction <拍卖> on the Internet, and see what happens.〞the salesgirl said."Yes, you’re right. People like something rare.〞Peter agreed, "I can’t imagine there being very many unopened boxes of this game still around 40 years later.〞"Don’t forget to tell me if you sell it.〞the salesgirl smiled."No problem.〞Peter said.After he got home, Peter went online to several auction websites looking for his game. But he couldn’t find it. The n he typed in the name of the word game and hit Search. The search result was 543 websites containing information about the changes of the game. Over the years, the game had been produced using letters in different sizes and game boards in different colors. He also found some lists of game fans looking for various versions of the game. Peter emailed some of them, telling them what he had.Two weeks later, Peter went back to the shop."Hello. Do you still remember the unopened word game?〞The salesgirl looked at him for a second, then recognized him and said, "Oh, hi!〞"I’ve got something for you,〞Peter said. "I sold the game and made $1,000. Thank you for your suggestion.〞He handed her three $ 100 bills."Wow!〞the salesgirl cried out. "Thank you, I never expected it.〞26. Which of the following best describes Peter’s word game?A. It was made around 40 years ago.B. It had game boards in different sizes.C. It was kept in a plastic bag with a seal.D. It had little pieces of wood in different colors.27. W hat did the salesgirl probably think of Peter’s word game?A. Old and handy.B. Rare and valuable.C. Classic and attractive.D. Colorful and interesting28. Peter got the names of the game fans from _________.A. an auctionB. the InternetC. a game shopD. the second-hand shop29. What happened at the end of the story?A. Peter gave the girl $300 as a reward.B. The salesgirl became Peter’s friend.C. Peter returned the word game for $ 1,000.D. The salesgirl felt confused to see Peter again.30. What is the main theme of the story?A. It’s important to keep a promise.B. It’s great to share in other people’s happiness.C. We should be grateful for the help from others.D. Something rare is worth a large amount of money.BWhen I was nine years old, I loved to go fishing with my dad. But the only thing that wasn’t very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldn’t catch anything. I usually got pretty upset and kept asking him why. He always answered, "Son, if you want to catch a fish, youhave to think like a fish〞, I remember being even more upset then because, "I’m not a fish!〞I didn’t know how to think like a fish. Besides, I reasoned, how could what I think influence what a fish does?As I got a little older I began to understand what my dad really meant. So, I read some books on fish. And I even joined the local fishing club and started attending the monthly meetings. I learned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature. That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer. Besides, water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade. Yet, fish don’t have any eyelids<眼皮> and the sun huts their eyes… The more I understood fish, the more I became effective at f inding and catching them..When I grew up and entered the business world, I remember hearing my first boss say, "We all need to think like sales people.〞But it didn’t completely make sense. My dad never once said, "If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.〞What he said was, "You need to think like a fish.〞Years later, with great efforts to promote long-term services to people much older and richer than me, I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers. It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters.31. Why was the author upset in fishing trips when he was nine?A. He could not catch a fish.B. His father was not patient with him.C. His father did not teach him fishing.D. He could not influence a fish as his father did.32. What did the author’s father really mean?A. To read about fish.B. To learn fishing by oneself.C. To understand what fish think.D. To study fishing in many ways.33. According to the author, fish are most likely to be found _________.A. in deep water on sunny daysB. in deep water on cloudy daysC. in shallow water under sunlightD. in shallow water under waterside trees.34. After entering the business world, the author found _________.A. it easy to think like a custome rB. his father’s fishing advice inspiringC. his first boss’s sales ideas reasonableD. it difficult to sell services to poor people35. This passage most likely comes from _________.A. a fishing guideB. a popular sales bookC. a novel on childhoodD. a mil lionaire’s biographyCDaniel Anderson, a famous psychologist, believes it’s important to distinguish television’s influences on children from those of the family. We tend to blame TV, he says, for problems it doesn’t really cause, overlooking our own roles in shaping children’s minds.One traditional belief about television is that it reduces a child’s ability to think and to understand the world. While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words and images <影像>. Instead, they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they see. Actually, children learn early the psychology of characters in TV shows. Furthermore, as many teachers agree, children understand far more when parents watch TV with them, explaining new words and ideas. Yet, most parents use an educational program as a chance to park their kids in front of the set and do something in another room.Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment. But according to Anderson, the amount of time spent watching television is not related to reading ability. TV doesn’t take the place of reading for most children; it takes the place of similar sorts of recreation, such as listening to the radio and playing sports. Things like parents’ educational backgrou nd have a stronger influence on a child’s reading. "A child’s reading ability is best predicted by how much a parent reads.〞Anderson says.Traditional wisdom also has it that heavy television-watching lowers IQ <智商> scores and affects school performance. But here, too, Anderson notes that no studies have proved it. In fact, research suggests that it’s the other way around. "If you’re smart young, you’ll watch less TV when you’re older,〞Anderson says. Yet, people of lower IQ tend to be lifelong television viewers.For years researchers have attempted to show that television is dangerous to children. However, by showing that television promotes none of the dangerous effects as conventionallybelieved, Anderson suggests that television cannot be condemned without considering other influences.36. By watching TV, children learn _________.A. images through wordsB. more than explicit meaningsC. more about images than wordsD. little about people’s psychology37. An educational program is best watched by a child _________.A. on his ownB. with other kidsC. with his parentsD. with his teachers38. Which of the following is most related to children’s reading ability?A. Radio-listeningB. Television-watchingC. Parents’ reading listD. Parents’ educational background39. Anderson believed that _________.A. the more a child watches TV, the smarter he isB. the younger a child is, the more he watches TVC. the smarter a child is, the less likely he gets addicted to TVD. the less a child watches TV, the better he performs at school40. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To advise on the educational use of TV.B. To describe TV’s harmful effects on children.C. To explain traditional views on TV influences.D. To present Anderson’s unconventional ideas.DIt was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction. Each class had unique characteristics.In recent years, many writers have begun to speak the 'decline of class' and 'classless society' in Britain. And in modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be middle class.But pronouncing the death of class is too early. A recent wide-ranging society of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in particular class; 73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society; and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences. Thus, class may not be culturally and politically obvious, yet it remains an important part of British society. Britain seems to have a love of stratification.One unchanging aspect of a British person's class position is accent. The words a person speaks tell her or his class. A study of British accents during 1970s found that a voice sounding like a BBC newsreader was viewed as the most attractive voice, Most people said this accent sounded 'educated' and 'soft'. The accents placed at the bottom in this study, on the other hand, were regional〔地区的〕city accents. These accents were seen as 'common' and 'ugly'. However, a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least. This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class prejudice.In recent years, however, young upper middle-class people in London, have begun to adopt some regional accents, in order to hide their class origins. This is an indication of class becoming unnoticed. However, the 1995 pop song 'Common People' puts forward the view that though a middle-class person may 'want to live like common people' they can never appreciate the reality ofa working-class life.41. A recent study of public opinion shows that in modern Britain ________.A. it is time to end class distinctionB. most people belong to middle classC. it is easy to recognize a person’s classD. people regard themselves socially different42. The word stratification in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________.A. varietyB. authorityC. divisionD. qualification43. The study in the US showed that BBC English was regarded as _________.A. regionalB. educatedC. prejudicedD. unattractive44. British attitudes towards accent _________.A. have a long traditionB. are based on regional statusC. are shared by the AmericansD. have changed in recent years45. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The middle class is expandingB. A person’s accent reflects his classC. Class is a key part of British societyD. Each class has unique characteristics.信息匹配〔共5小题；每小题2分,满分10分〕请阅读下列应用文与相关信息,并按照要求匹配信息.请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑.A BA Night of Glamor and Intrigue at Shanghai Bund in 1930To celebrate Asia heritage month, Trendy New York is proud to present "Cheongsam Night out--A date with Cheongsam beauties in Shanghai Bund 1930〞.May 16, 9:00 PM-May 17, 12:00 AM. EDT 330 West 40th Street, New York. NY 10018 Picking Partners---NEW YORKFeaturing adaptations from Chinese and Western classic, including works from Chinese Academy Award---winning composer Tan Dun, the Beijing Guitar Duo teamed up with Cuban guitar virtuoso Manuel Barrueco <right> for a China West Concert at the New York Historical Society on April 23.C D Heroes of History: Legacy of My Chinese FamilyJoin us as actress Tina Chen recounts the fascinating story of three generations of her mother’s family and their contributions to the history of China.Friday, May 8, 6:30PM--7:30PMChina Institute125 East 65th Street, New York, NY10065 Great shorts---NEW YORKA photography exhibition held by HAN Media to celebrate its founding in New York City on April 24, featuring three emerging Chinese photographers; Yingxi Michael Shi, Haiyin Lin and Liming Guan, whose works have appeared in publications such as Vogue, ELLE, The New York Times and others.E FForbidden delights---NEW YORKThe first session of the China Institute in America short course Beijing: The City Through Its Architecture opens on Wednesday. Nancy S. Steinhardt discusses the Forbidden City and Beijing’s imperial architecture.Passing on the Kunqu Art: From Master to DisciplesKunqu Society, the classical Chinese theater which combines singing, dancing and acting to literary works by masters of Ming and Qing Dynasties, performing introduces four signature plays of Kunqu Master Jiqing Zhang to American audiences.Sunday, April 19, 2:00PM, ESTMiller Theatre at ColumbiaUniversity2960 Broadway, New York, NY10027interest in classical Chinese literary works. He even starts going to evening classes to learn classical Chinese at ColumbiaUniversity.47. Daphne Sui-yuan Tan, former director of National Association of Photographers. After reading some history books on how the first group of Chinese immigrants survived in America of the 19th century, she has become keen on her own family history and that of others.48. Sharon Collins, pop singer and amateur photographer. Her marriage with a serious music critic has drawn her to his world, so she is now crazy about classical music and will not miss any chance to attend a concert with her husband.49. Michelle Higgins, eminent photographer and columnist for quite a few internationally-known travel magazines. Recently, she has shown great interest in photo exhibits which feature young artists with Islamic or Chinese background.50. Caroline Hugo, famous writer and influential movie critic. Last year her fantasy story which involved the mysterious Forbidden City received critical acclaim. Now she is conceiving a romance that has Shanghai of the 1930s as the setting.III、写作〔共两节, 满分40分〕第一节基础写作〔共1小题,满分15分〕你接受了一项写作任务,为英语校报写一篇科技报道.[写作内容][写作要求]只能用5个句子表达全部内容；[评分标准]句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章连贯.第二节读写任务〔共1小题,满分25分〕On the first day of her work, Sally found that a class full of problems was waiting for her. Six teachers had quit before her. When she walked into the classroom, it was chaos; two boys were fighting in the far corner, yet the rest of the class seemed not to notice them; some girls were chatting and some were running about; paper, food packages and other garbage were littered around….Just when she was about to speak, a student rushed in and pushed her aside! He was twenty minutes late!Sally walked onto the platform, picked up a piece of chalk and wrote on the blackboard: "Rule 1: We are family! " All students stopped to look at her. And she continued with Rule 2, Rule 3… I n the following weeks, Sally worked out 10 class rules and posted them on the walls of the classroom. She patiently explained all the rules to the students and require everyone to follow them.Surprisingly, Sally was not driven out like the former teachers; instead, she won respect from the students. Over the year, she witnessed gradual change in the class. At the graduation ceremony, just as she expected, she was very proud to stand with a class of care, manners and confidence. [写作内容]1. 用约30个词概括上文的主要内容.2. 用约120个词就班规谈谈你的想法,内容包括：<1> 你们班最突出的问题是什么？<2> 针对该问题你会设计一条什么班规？<3>你认为班规会带来什么影响？[写作要求]1. 作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事,也可以参照阅读材料的内容,但不得直接引用原文的句子.2. 作文中不得出现真实##和学校名称.[评分标准]概括准确,语言规X,内容合适,篇章连贯.[参考答案]1-5：DACDB;6-10: DCBAB; 11-15:ABADC16:a; 17: luckily; 18: For; 19: was left; 20: when; 21: fell; 22: without; 23: to tell; 24: where; 25: him26-30 ABBAB; 31-35: ADCBB; 36-40: BCDCD; 41-45 DBDAC; 46-50 FCBDA。
选择题部分(共80分)第一部分:英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分!第一节:单项填空(共20小题;每小题0.5分，满分10分)从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。
1. ——Hi, John. Are you busy?——A. Yes.I do agree.B. Yes.That would be nice.C. No.Are you sure?D. No.What’s up?【答案】D考点：考查交际用语2. Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write children’s book for many years, but onething or another always got in way.A. a;不填B. the;theC. 不填;theD. a;the 【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：多年来，简的奶奶想写一本有关于儿童的书，但总是被这样或那样的原因阻碍了。
第一个空使用不定冠词表泛指，第二个in the way 是固定搭配，意为挡道或阻碍。
定冠词用于特指或者是固定搭配，不定冠词用于泛指。
考点：考查冠词的使用3. Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea?A. aboutB. toC. withD. over 【答案】B试题分析：句意：你是否有听说过树是陆上动物和海上动物的家？home to sth 固定搭配，是什么的家园的意思。
该句是一个疑问句，其中还含有一个定语从句。
比如这个句子转化为陈述句应该是You have ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on landand sea? 然后把定语从句单独拿出来看将会是trees are homes animals both on landand sea. 根据固定搭配自然知道答案是to。
2015年浙江高考英语试卷参考答案第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节：单项填空（10分，每小题0.5分）1.D2.D3.B4.A5.C6.A7.D8.C9.A 10.C11.B 12.D 13.C 14.D 15.B 16.A 17.B 18.D 19C 20.A第二节：完型填空（20分，每小题1分）21.D 22.B 23.A 24.B 25.C 26.C 27.A 28.B 29.D 30.C 31.A 32.A 33.D 34.C 35.D 36.A 37.B 38.A 39.D 40.B第二部分：阅读理解（50分，每小题2分）41.D 42.A 43.C 44.C 45.B 46.A 47.D 48.C 49.D 50.B 51.A 52.B 53.D 54.C 55.B 56.D 57.A 58.B 59.C 60.C 61.E 62.F 63.D 64.C 65.A第三部分：写作（共两节，40分）第一节：短文改错（10分，每小题1分）My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made from glass. I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view. On theSittingleft-hand side of the class, I could easy see the football field. In the mornings, it waseasilyfull of students exercising. The view from the back of the classroom is also splendid.wasClose to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them. Fartheritin the distance, I could not enjoy the view of snowy mountains. On the right side of the class was the road. I was always interested to see the drivers in( ) hurry in theamorning. The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I wasfeeldreaming. If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it.Although/ThoughWhen I Have a Different OpiniomWe may have different opinioms in organizing class activities. We may have various ways to deal with such a situation. When I have a better idea, I would choose to stick to it . By doing so, I can not only share good ideas with others but also learn to expre ss myself flearly.Once we were discussing where to go for an outing. Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park while I had an idea of going to a nicer piace. I managed to persuade m y classmates into accepting my idea. We did have a good time that day . Good opinio ns are worth sticking to because they can benefit us all.。
2015年高考全国卷2英语试题第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）略第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）AMy color television has given me nothing but a headache. I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of clothes that wouldn’t fit. I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid. The set worked so beautiful when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night. Fortunately, I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static(静电) noise. For some reason, when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds. Gradually, this noise began to appear during a show, and to get rid of it, I had to change to another channel and then change it back. Sometimes this technique would not work, and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound. I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set.When neither of these methods removed the static noise, I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away. At last I ended up hitting the set with my first, and it stopped working altogether. My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the sit is working well now, but I keep expecting more trouble.21. Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?A.He got an older model than he had expected.B.He couldn’t return it when it was broken.C.He could have bought it at a lower price.D.He failed to find any movie shows on it.【参考答案】C【考查内容】细节理解题【解析思路】根据第一段第四行“when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid.”当我看到报纸上75美元比我买的价格低的时候，我感觉我上当了。
2015 年高考浙江英语真题及答案和解析（word 版）一、选择题部分 (共 80分 )第一部分 :英语知识运用(共两节，满分30 分!第一节 :单项填空 (共 20小题 ;每小题 0.5 分，满分10 分)从 A、 B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。
1.—— Hi, John. Are you busy?——[来源学科网]A. Yes.I do agree.B. Yes.That would be nice.C. No.Are you sure?D. No.What ‘ s up?【答案】 D开下一名话。
考点：考查交际用语2. Jane ‘ s grandmother had wanted to write children‘ s book for many years, but one thing or another always got in way.A. a; 不填B. the;theC. 不填 ;theD. a;the【答案】 D试题分析：句意：多年来，简的奶奶想写一本有关于儿童的书，但总是被这样或那样的原因阻碍了。
第一个空使用不定冠词表泛指，第二个in the way 是固定搭配，意为挡道或阻碍。
定冠词用于特指或者是固定搭配，不定冠词用于泛指。
考点：考查冠词的使用3. Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea?A. aboutB. toC. withD. over【答案】B试题分析：句意：你是否有听说过树是陆上动物和海上动物的家？home to sth 固定搭配，是什么的家园的意思。
该句是一个疑问句，其中还含有一个定语从句。
比如这个句子转化为陈述句应该是You have ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea? 然后把定语从句单独拿出来看将会是trees are homes animals both on land and sea. 根据固定搭配自然知道答案是to。
2015年高考广东卷英语试题解析（精编版）（解析版）本试卷共12页，三大题，满分135分。
考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、试室号和座位号填写在答题卡上。
用2B铅笔将试卷类型（B）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。
将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。
2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案信息点涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。
3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案，不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4. 考生必须保持答题卷和答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，将试卷、答题卷和答题卡一并交回。
语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分）语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分）Ⅰ.语言基础知识部分（共两节，满分45分）第一节、完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is ___1___ to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live —— if he or she is ___2___ healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce ___3___. They wear out, and as a result, we get old and ___4___ die.Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a ___5___ life than ever b efore. In 1900, the average American life span (寿命) was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the ___6___ line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people don’t begin to exp erience physical and mental ___7___ until after age 75.People are living longer because more people ___8___ childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood ___9___. Now that the chances of dying ___10___ are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and healthcare.On the whole, our population is getting older. The ___11___ in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, whil e some see ___12___, not disaster, many men and women in their “golden years” are healthy, still active, and young in ___13___ if not in age.As the society grows old, we need the ___14___ of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to ___15___ active and devoted.1. A. designed B. selected C. improved D. discovered2. A. completely B. generally C. apparently D. extremely3. A. rapidly B. harmlessly C. endles sly D. separately4. A. eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately5. A. busier B. longer C. richer D. happier6. A. finishing B. guiding C. waiting D. dividing7. A. stress B. damage C. decline D. failure8. A. survive B. enjoy C. remember D. value9. A. problems B. fears C. worries D. diseases10. A. poor B. young C. sick D. quiet11. A. changes B. recovery C. safety D. increases12. A. dreams B. chances C. strengths D. choices13. A. mind B. appearance C. voice D. movement14. A. protection B. suggestions C. contributions D. permission15. A. sound B. appear C. turn D. stay【考点定位】社会现象类短文。
2015年高考英语提分策略考生在听力考试中存在的问题：1. 审题不仔细, 答非所问;2. 不会做简要的记录;3. 思想过于紧张，造成头脑不清或因基础差，听得不太懂而捕捉不到信息。
4. 筛选不出有效信息。
5. 逻辑推理能力较弱。
6. 缺乏文化背景知识，不了解中西方文化的差异温馨提示：1.听前读题，关注when, who, where, what, why, how等，带着问题有目的地去听，快速捕捉关键信息。
2.把握文章的中心内容，并对文中出现的人物、时间、地点、事件、数字等重要信息做适当的笔记，注意理清人物关系，记录要有重点，有技巧。
3.精听+泛听4.错题要重听，并及时反思自己存在的问题，找出相应的对策。
阅读理解存在的问题：1.不以文章为依据，主观臆断；2. 不找关键信息，模糊答题；3.不能准确理解细节信息；4.基础知识不过关；5. 推理判断能力弱；6.抗干扰项的能力弱；7.缺乏有效的阅读策略及解题技巧；8.只会做题，不去“悟”题。
温馨提示：1. 高考绝大部分的试题答案在文章中都可以找到信息。
一定要练习及仔细琢磨如何快速找答案。
2. 只有形成能力，才能在规定的时间内比别人更胜一筹。
Practice makes perfect.解题技巧：题干考什么，干扰项是如何设置的，不同文体的文章如何快速确定主旨大意，弄懂文章结构，如：记叙文（5个W+一个how，重点：细节）。
议论文（论点+论据，重点：首尾段及每段第一句），首段中有but，文章的重点在but后等。
干扰项的设置有什么特点?1.扩大范围2.缩小范围3.无中生有4.张冠李戴5.细节错误6.词汇陷阱解题原则：1.依据文章（according to）2.关注细节（key information）3.重视首段（the topic sentence）4.围绕中心( main idea )5.言外之意(what’s implied)6.思路吻合（be consistent with ）7.合乎逻辑(be logical)8.答案最佳（the best answer）切忌：主观臆断排除干扰项的方法：1.备选项的中心词背离文章的主题思想2.文中叙述的事实（推理判断题）3.文中无依据4.太绝对或太片面5.偷换概念6.与细节信息相反或不相符合71.The author expected the train trip to be______.A. adventurousB. pleasantC. excitingD. dull推理判断题。
增分点 由“导”寻“源”，破解函数不等式问题在近几年的高考试题中，出现了一类抽象函数与导数交汇的重要题型，这类问题由于比较抽象，很多学生解题时，突破不了由抽象而造成的解题障碍．实际上，根据所解不等式，联想导数的运算法则，构造适当的辅助函数，然后利用导数判断其单调性是解决此类问题的通法．[典例] 设函数f ′(x )是奇函数f (x )(x ∈R)的导函数，f (－1)＝0，当x >0时，xf ′(x )－f (x )<0，则使得f (x )>0成立的x 的取值范围是( )A ．(－∞，－1)∪(0,1)B ．(－1,0)∪(1，＋∞)C ．(－∞，－1)∪(－1,0)D ．(0,1)∪(1，＋∞)[应用体验]1．定义在R 上的函数f (x )，满足f (1)＝1，且对任意x ∈R 都有f ′(x )<12，则不等式f (lg x )>lg x ＋12的解集为__________．2．已知定义在⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫0，π2内的函数f (x )的导函数为f ′(x )，且对任意的x ∈⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫0，π2，都有f ′(x )sin x <f (x )cos x ，则不等式f (x )<2f ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫π6sin x 的解集为__________．一、选择题1.已知函数f (x )的定义域为R ，f ′(x )为其导函数，函数y ＝f ′(x )的图象如图所示，且f (－2)＝1，f (3)＝1，则不等式f (x 2－6)>1的解集为( )A ．(－3，－2)∪(2,3)B ．(－2，2)C ．(2,3)D ．(－∞，－2)∪(2，＋∞)2．已知f(x)的定义域为(0，＋∞)，f′(x)为f(x)的导函数，且满足f(x)<－xf′(x)，则不等式f(x＋1)>(x－1)f(x2－1)的解集为( )A．(0,1) B．(1，＋∞)C．(1,2) D．(2，＋∞)3．(2018·沈阳质检)已知定义域为{x|x≠0}的偶函数f(x)，其导函数为f′(x)，对任意正实数x满足xf′(x)>－2f(x)，若g(x)＝x2f(x)，则不等式g(x)<g(1)的解集为( ) A．(－∞，1) B．(－1,1)C．(－∞，0)∪(0,1) D．(－1,0)∪(0,1)4．设f(x)，g(x)分别是定义在R上的奇函数和偶函数．当x<0时，f′(x)g(x)＋f(x)g′(x)>0，且g(－3)＝0，则不等式f(x)g(x)<0的解集为( )A．(－3,0)∪(3，＋∞) B．(－3,0)∪(0,3)C．(－∞，－3)∪(3，＋∞) D．(－∞，－3)∪(0,3)5．已知函数f(x)是定义在(0，＋∞)上的非负可导函数，且满足xf′(x)＋f(x)≤0，对于任意正数a，b，若a<b，则必有( )A．af(a)≤f(b) B．bf(b)≤f(a)C．af(b)≤bf(a) D．bf(a)≤af(b)6．设函数f(x)在R上的导函数为f′(x)，2f(x)＋xf′(x)>x2，则下面的不等式在R 上恒成立的是( )A．f(x)>0 B．f(x)<0C．f(x)>x D．f(x)<x7．已知函数f(x)的定义域为R，f(－1)＝2，对任意x∈R，f′(x)>2，则不等式f(x)>2x＋4的解集为( )A．(－1,1) B．(－1，＋∞)C．(－∞，－1) D．(－∞，＋∞)8．设函数f(x)，g(x)在区间[a，b]上连续，在区间(a，b)上可导，且f′(x)<g′(x)，则当x∈(a，b)时必有( )A ．f (x )>g (x )B ．f (x )<g (x )C ．f (x )＋g (a )<g (x )＋f (a )D ．f (x )＋g (b )<g (x )＋f (b )9．函数f (x )是定义在R 上的偶函数，f (－2)＝0，且x >0时，f (x )＋xf ′(x )>0，则不等式xf (x )≥0的解集是( )A ．[－2,0]B ．[0,2]C ．[－2,2]D ．[－2,0]∪[2，＋∞)10．函数f (x )是定义在R 上的奇函数，f (3)＝0，且x <0时，xf ′(x )<f (x )，则不等式f (x )≥0的解集为( )A ．(－∞，0)B ．[－3,0]∪[3，＋∞)C ．[－3,3]D ．[0,3]11．函数f (x )是定义在R 上的可导函数，且f (x )>f ′(x )对任意x ∈R 都成立，则下列不等式中成立的是( )A ．f (2 018)>e 2 018f (0)，f (2 018)>e f (2 017) B ．f (2 018)>e 2 018f (0)，f (2 018)<e f (2 017) C ．f (2 018)<e 2 018f (0)，f (2 018)>e f (2 017) D ．f (2 018)<e 2 018f (0)，f (2 018)<e f (2 017)12．设定义在R 上的函数f (x )满足f (0)＝－1，其导函数f ′(x )满足f ′(x )>k >1，则下列结论中一定错误的是( )A ．f ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1k <1kB ．f ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1k >1k －1C ．f ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1k －1<1k －1D ．f ⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫1k －1>1k －1二、填空题13．设f (x )是定义在R 上的可导函数，且满足f (x )＋xf ′(x )>0，则不等式f (x ＋1)>x －1f (x 2－1)的解集为________．14．设函数f (x )是定义在(－∞，0)上的可导函数，其导函数为f ′(x )，且有2f (x )＋xf ′(x )>x 2，则不等式(x ＋2 018)2·f (x ＋2 018)－4f (－2)>0的解集为________．15．已知定义在R上的可导函数y＝f(x)的导函数为f′(x)，满足f′(x)<f(x)，且y＝f(x＋1)为偶函数．f(2)＝1，则不等式f(x)<e x的解集为________．16．设f(x)是R上的奇函数，且f(－1)＝0，当x>0时，(x2＋1)f′(x)－2xf(x)<0，则不等式f(x)>0的解集为______．答 案[典例] (2015·全国卷Ⅱ)设函数f ′(x )是奇函数f (x )(x ∈R)的导函数，f (－1)＝0，当x >0时，xf ′(x )－f (x )<0，则使得f (x )>0成立的x 的取值范围是( )A ．(－∞，－1)∪(0,1)B ．(－1,0)∪(1，＋∞)C ．(－∞，－1)∪(－1,0)D ．(0,1)∪(1，＋∞)[思路点拨]观察xf ′(x )－f (x )<0这个式子的特征，不难想到商的求导公式，尝试构造函数F (x )＝f (x )x求解． [方法演示]法一：构造抽象函数求解 设F (x )＝f (x )x .因为f (x )是奇函数，故F (x )是偶函数，F ′(x )＝xf ′(x )－f (x )x 2，易知当x >0时，F ′(x )<0，所以函数F (x )在(0，＋∞)上单调递减．又f (－1)＝0，则f (1)＝0，于是F (－1)＝F (1)＝0，f (x )＝xF (x )，解不等式f (x )>0，即找到x 与F (x )的符号相同的区间，易知当x ∈(－∞，－1)∪(0,1)时，f (x )>0，故选A.法二：构造具体函数求解设f (x )是多项式函数，因为f (x )是奇函数，所以它只含x 的奇次项．又f (1)＝－f (－1)＝0，所以f (x )能被x 2－1整除．因此可取f (x )＝x －x 3，检验知f (x )满足题设条件．解不等式f (x )>0，得x ∈(－∞，－1)∪(0,1)，故选A.答案：A [解题师说]抽象函数的导数问题在高考中常考常新，可谓变化多端，解决此类问题的关键是构造函数，常见的构造函数方法有如下几种：(1)利用和、差函数求导法则构造函数①对于不等式f ′(x )＋g ′(x )>0(或<0)，构造函数F (x )＝f (x )＋g (x )； ②对于不等式f ′(x )－g ′(x )>0(或<0)，构造函数F (x )＝f (x )－g (x )； 特别地，对于不等式f ′(x )>k (或<k )(k ≠0)，构造函数F (x )＝f (x )－kx . (2)利用积、商函数求导法则构造函数①对于不等式f ′(x )g (x )＋f (x )g ′(x )>0(或<0)，构造函数F (x )＝f (x )g (x )；②对于不等式f′(x)g(x)－f(x)g′(x)>0(或<0)，构造函数F(x)＝f(x)g(x)(g(x)≠0)．(3)利用积、商函数求导法则的特殊情况构造函数①对于不等式xf′(x)＋f(x)>0(或<0)，构造函数F(x)＝xf(x)；②对于不等式xf′(x)－f(x)>0(或<0)，构造函数F(x)＝f(x)x(x≠0)；③对于不等式xf′(x)＋nf(x)>0(或<0)，构造函数F(x)＝x n f(x)；④对于不等式xf′(x)－nf(x)>0(或<0)，构造函数F(x)＝f(x)x n(x≠0)；⑤对于不等式f′(x)＋f(x)>0(或<0)，构造函数F(x)＝e x f(x)；⑥对于不等式f′(x)－f(x)>0(或<0)，构造函数F(x)＝f(x) e x；⑦对于不等式f(x)＋f′(x)tan x>0(或<0)，构造函数F(x)＝sin xf(x)；⑧对于不等式f(x)－f′(x)tan x>0(或<0)，构造函数F(x)＝f(x)sin x(sin x≠0)；⑨对于不等式f′(x)－f(x)tan x>0(或<0)，构造函数F(x)＝cos xf(x)；⑩对于不等式f′(x)＋f(x)tan x>0(或<0)，构造函数F(x)＝f(x)cos x(cos x≠0)．⑪(理)对于不等式f′(x)＋kf(x)>0(或<0)，构造函数F(x)＝e kx f(x)；⑫(理)对于不等式f′(x)－kf(x)>0(或<0)，构造函数F(x)＝f(x) e kx；[应用体验]1．定义在R上的函数f(x)，满足f(1)＝1，且对任意x∈R都有f′(x)<12，则不等式f(lg x)>lg x＋12的解集为__________．解析：构造函数g(x)＝f(x)－x＋1 2，则g′(x)＝f′(x)－12<0，∴g(x)在定义域上是减函数．又g(1)＝f(1)－1＝0，∴原不等式可化为g(lg x)>g(1)，∴lg x<1，解得0<x<10.∴原不等式的解集为{x|0<x<10}．答案：(0,10)2．已知定义在⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫0，π2内的函数f (x )的导函数为f ′(x )，且对任意的x ∈⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫0，π2，都有f ′(x )sin x <f (x )cos x ，则不等式f (x )<2f ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫π6sin x 的解集为__________．解析：构造函数g (x )＝f (x )sin x， 则g ′(x )＝f ′(x )sin x －f (x )cos xsin 2x<0， ∴g (x )在⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫0，π2内为减函数． 由f (x )<2f ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫π6sin x ， 得f (x )sin x <2f ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫π6＝f ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫π6sinπ6，即g (x )<g ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫π6，∴π6<x <π2， ∴原不等式的解集为⎩⎨⎧⎭⎬⎫x π6<x <π2.答案：⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫π6，π2一、选择题1.已知函数f (x )的定义域为R ，f ′(x )为其导函数，函数y ＝f ′(x )的图象如图所示，且f (－2)＝1，f (3)＝1，则不等式f (x 2－6)>1的解集为( )A ．(－3，－2)∪(2,3)B ．(－2，2)C ．(2,3)D ．(－∞，－2)∪(2，＋∞)解析：选A 由y ＝f ′(x )的图象知，f (x )在(－∞，0]上单调递增，在(0，＋∞)上单调递减，又f (－2)＝1，f (3)＝1，∴f (x 2－6)>1可化为－2<x 2－6<3，解得－3<x <－2或2<x <3.2．已知f (x )的定义域为(0，＋∞)，f ′(x )为f (x )的导函数，且满足f (x )<－xf ′(x )，则不等式f (x ＋1)>(x －1)f (x 2－1)的解集为( )A ．(0,1)B ．(1，＋∞)C ．(1,2)D ．(2，＋∞)解析：选D 因为f (x )＋xf ′(x )<0，所以[xf (x )]′<0，故xf (x )在(0，＋∞)上为单调递减函数，又(x ＋1)f (x ＋1)>(x 2－1)f (x 2－1)，所以x ＋1<x 2－1，解得x >2.3．(2018·沈阳质检)已知定义域为{x |x ≠0}的偶函数f (x )，其导函数为f ′(x )，对任意正实数x 满足xf ′(x )>－2f (x )，若g (x )＝x 2f (x )，则不等式g (x )<g (1)的解集为( )A ．(－∞，1)B ．(－1,1)C ．(－∞，0)∪(0,1)D ．(－1,0)∪(0,1)解析：选 D 因为g (x )＝x 2f (x )，所以g ′(x )＝x 2f ′(x )＋2xf (x )＝x [xf ′(x )＋2f (x )]．由题意知，当x >0时，xf ′(x )＋2f (x )>0，所以g ′(x )>0，所以g (x )在(0，＋∞)上单调递增，又f (x )为偶函数，则g (x )也是偶函数，所以g (x )＝g (|x |)，由g (x )<g (1)，得g (|x |)<g (1)，所以⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧|x |<1，x ≠0，所以x ∈(－1,0)∪(0,1)．4．设f (x )，g (x )分别是定义在R 上的奇函数和偶函数．当x <0时，f ′(x )g (x )＋f (x )g ′(x )>0，且g (－3)＝0，则不等式f (x )g (x )<0的解集为( )A ．(－3,0)∪(3，＋∞)B ．(－3,0)∪(0,3)C ．(－∞，－3)∪(3，＋∞)D ．(－∞，－3)∪(0,3)解析：选D 设F (x )＝f (x )g (x )，当x <0时， ∵F ′(x )＝f ′(x )g (x )＋f (x )g ′(x )>0， ∴F (x )在(－∞，0)上为增函数．又∵F (－x )＝f (－x )g (－x )＝－f (x )g (x )＝－F (x )， 故F (x )为R 上的奇函数．∴F (x )在(0，＋∞)上也为增函数． 由g (－3)＝0， 得F (－3)＝F (3)＝0.画出函数F (x )的大致图象如图所示， ∴F (x )<0的解集为{x |x <－3或0<x <3}．5．已知函数f (x )是定义在(0，＋∞)上的非负可导函数，且满足xf ′(x )＋f (x )≤0，对于任意正数a ，b ，若a <b ，则必有( )A ．af (a )≤f (b )B ．bf (b )≤f (a )C ．af (b )≤bf (a )D ．bf (a )≤af (b )解析：选C ∵xf ′(x )＋f (x )≤0，且x >0，f (x )≥0. ∴f ′(x )≤－f (x )x，即f (x )在(0，＋∞)上是减函数． 又0<a <b ，∴af (b )<bf (a )，当f (x )＝0时，符合题意，则af (b )＝bf (a )，故af (b )≤bf (a )．6．设函数f (x )在R 上的导函数为f ′(x )，2f (x )＋xf ′(x )>x 2，则下面的不等式在R 上恒成立的是( )A ．f (x )>0B ．f (x )<0C ．f (x )>xD ．f (x )<x解析：选A 法一：令g (x )＝x 2f (x )－14x 4，则g ′(x )＝2xf (x )＋x 2f ′(x )－x 3＝x [2f (x )＋xf ′(x )－x 2]，当x >0时，g ′(x )>0，∴g (x )>g (0)， 即x 2f (x )－14x 4>0，从而f (x )>14x 2>0；当x <0时，g ′(x )<0，∴g (x )>g (0)， 即x 2f (x )－14x 4>0，从而f (x )>14x 2>0；当x ＝0时，由题意可得2f (0)>0，∴f (0)>0. 综上可知，f (x )>0.法二：∵2f (x )＋xf ′(x )>x 2， 令x ＝0，则f (0)>0，故可排除B 、D.如果f (x )＝x 2＋0.1，已知条件2f (x )＋xf ′(x )>x 2成立，但f (x )>x 不恒成立，故排除C ，选A.7．已知函数f (x )的定义域为R ，f (－1)＝2，对任意x ∈R ，f ′(x )>2，则不等式f (x )>2x ＋4的解集为( )A ．(－1,1)B ．(－1，＋∞)C ．(－∞，－1)D ．(－∞，＋∞)解析：选B 令m (x )＝f (x )－(2x ＋4)， 则m ′(x )＝f ′(x )－2>0，∴函数m (x )在R 上为单调递增函数． 又∵m (－1)＝f (－1)－(－2＋4)＝0， ∴m (x )>0的解集为{x |x >－1}， 即f (x )>2x ＋4的解集为(－1，＋∞)．8．设函数f (x )，g (x )在区间[a ，b ]上连续，在区间(a ，b )上可导，且f ′(x )<g ′(x )，则当x ∈(a ，b )时必有( )A ．f (x )>g (x )B ．f (x )<g (x )C ．f (x )＋g (a )<g (x )＋f (a )D ．f (x )＋g (b )<g (x )＋f (b )解析：选C 令函数h (x )＝f (x )－g (x )．因为f ′(x )<g ′(x )，故h ′(x )＝[f (x )－g (x )]′＝f ′(x )－g ′(x )<0，即函数h (x )在区间[a ，b ]上单调递减．所以x ∈(a ，b )时必有h (b )<h (x )<h (a )，即f (b )－g (b )<f (x )－g (x )<f (a )－g (a )，移项整理得，f (x )＋g (a )<g (x )＋f (a )，f (x )＋g (b )>g (x )＋f (b )，故选项C 正确．9．函数f (x )是定义在R 上的偶函数，f (－2)＝0，且x >0时，f (x )＋xf ′(x )>0，则不等式xf (x )≥0的解集是( )A ．[－2,0]B ．[0,2]C ．[－2,2]D ．[－2,0]∪[2，＋∞)解析：选D 因为x >0时，f (x )＋xf ′(x )>0，故构造函数y ＝xf (x )，则该函数在(0，＋∞)上单调递增．又因为f (x )为偶函数，故y ＝xf (x )为奇函数．结合f (－2)＝0，画出函数y ＝xf (x )的大致图象如图所示． 所以不等式xf (x )≥0的解集为[－2,0]∪[2，＋∞)．10．函数f (x )是定义在R 上的奇函数，f (3)＝0，且x <0时，xf ′(x )<f (x )，则不等式f (x )≥0的解集为( )A ．(－∞，0)B ．[－3,0]∪[3，＋∞)C ．[－3,3]D ．[0,3]解析：选B 令F (x )＝f (x )x，因为f (x )为定义在R 上的奇函数，所以F (x )为偶函数，当x <0时，F ′(x )＝xf ′(x )－f (x )x 2<0，故f (x )在(－∞，0)上为减函数，在(0，＋∞)上为增函数． 结合f (3)＝0，画出函数F (x )＝f (x )x的大致图象如图所示． 所以不等式f (x )≥0的解集为[－3,0]∪[3，＋∞)．11．函数f (x )是定义在R 上的可导函数，且f (x )>f ′(x )对任意x ∈R 都成立，则下列不等式中成立的是( )A ．f (2 018)>e2 018f (0)，f (2 018)>e f (2 017) B ．f (2 018)>e2 018f (0)，f (2 018)<e f (2 017) C ．f (2 018)<e2 018f (0)，f (2 018)>e f (2 017) D ．f (2 018)<e 2 018f (0)，f (2 018)<e f (2 017)解析：选D 令函数g (x )＝f (x )e x .由f (x )>f ′(x )，得f ′(x )－f (x )<0，所以g ′(x )＝e x f ′(x )－e x f (x )e 2x ＝f ′(x )－f (x )e x <0， 即函数g (x )＝f (x )e x 在R 上单调递减． 所以f (2 018)e 2 018<f (2 017)e 2 017<f (0)e 0，即有f (2 018)<e f (2 017)，f (2 018)<e 2 018f (0)．12．设定义在R 上的函数f (x )满足f (0)＝－1，其导函数f ′(x )满足f ′(x )>k >1，则下列结论中一定错误的是( )A ．f ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1k <1kB ．f ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1k >1k －1C ．f ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1k －1<1k －1D ．f ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1k －1>1k －1解析：选C 令g (x )＝f (x )－kx ＋1，则g (0)＝f (0)＋1＝0，g ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1k －1＝f ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1k －1－k ·1k －1＋1 ＝f ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1k －1－1k －1. ∵g ′(x )＝f ′(x )－k >0，∴g (x )在[0，＋∞)上为增函数．又∵k >1，∴1k －1>0， ∴g ⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫1k －1>g (0)＝0， ∴f ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1k －1－1k －1>0，即f ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1k －1>1k －1. 二、填空题13．设f (x )是定义在R 上的可导函数，且满足f (x )＋xf ′(x )>0，则不等式f (x ＋1)>x －1f (x 2－1)的解集为________．解析：令g (x )＝xf (x )，则g ′(x )＝f (x )＋xf ′(x )>0，∴g (x )是R 上的增函数．又f (x ＋1)>x －1f (x 2－1)可等价转化为x ＋1f (x ＋1)>x 2－1f (x 2－1)，即g (x ＋1)>g (x 2－1)，所以⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ x ＋1>x 2－1，x －1≥0，解得1≤x <2，∴原不等式的解集为{x |1≤x <2}．答案：[1,2) 14．设函数f (x )是定义在(－∞，0)上的可导函数，其导函数为f ′(x )，且有2f (x )＋xf ′(x )>x 2，则不等式(x ＋2 018)2·f (x ＋2 018)－4f (－2)>0的解集为________．解析：令g (x )＝x 2f (x )，则g ′(x )＝2xf (x )＋x 2f ′(x )．结合条件2f (x )＋xf ′(x )>x 2，将条件两边同时乘以x ，得2xf (x )＋x 2f ′(x )<x 3<0，即g ′(x )<0，∴g (x )在(－∞，0)上是减函数，又g (－2)＝4f (－2)，∴由(x ＋2 018)2f (x ＋2 018)－4f (－2)>0，即g (x ＋2 018)>g (－2)，得x ＋2 018<－2，解得x <－2 020，∴原不等式的解集为(－∞，－2 020)．答案：(－∞，－2 020)15．已知定义在R 上的可导函数y ＝f (x )的导函数为f ′(x )，满足f ′(x )<f (x )，且y ＝f (x ＋1)为偶函数．f (2)＝1，则不等式f (x )<e x 的解集为________．解析：令h (x )＝f (x )e x ，则h ′(x )＝f ′(x )－f (x )e x <0，∴h (x )在R 上是减函数，又y ＝f (x ＋1)是偶函数， ∴y ＝f (x )的图象关于直线x ＝1对称，∴f (2)＝f (0)＝1.由f (x )<e x ，得f (x )e x <1，又h (0)＝f (0)e 0＝1，∴h (x )<h (0)，∴x >0，故原不等式的解集为{x |x >0}．答案：(0，＋∞)16．设f (x )是R 上的奇函数，且f (－1)＝0，当x >0时，(x 2＋1)f ′(x )－2xf (x )<0，则不等式f (x )>0的解集为______．解析：令g (x )＝f (x )x 2＋1，则g ′(x )＝(x 2＋1)f ′(x )－2xf (x )(x 2＋1)2.因为当x >0时，(x 2＋1)f ′(x )－2xf (x )<0，所以g ′(x )<0，所以g (x )在[0，＋∞)上单调递减． 又f (x )＝g (x )(x 2＋1)，所以f (x )在[0，＋∞)上单调递减．又f (x )是R 上的奇函数，f (－1)＝0，所以f (1)＝0. 当x >0时，f (x )>0＝f (1)⇒0<x <1；当x <0时，f (x )>0＝f (－1)⇒x <－1.综上，可得不等式f (x )>0的解集为(－∞，－1)∪(0,1)． 答案：(－∞，－1)∪(0,1)。
