应用化学专业英语第二版万有志主编版(课后答案和课文翻译).

1 Unit5元素周期表As our picture of the atom becomes more detailed 随着我们对原子的描述越来越详尽，我们发现我们陷入了进退两难之境。

有超过100多中元素要处理，我们怎么能记的住所有的信息？有一种方法就是使用元素周期表。

这个周期表包含元素的所有信息。

它记录了元素中所含的质子数和电子数，它能让我们算出大多数元素的同位素的中子数。

它甚至有各个元素原子的电子怎么排列。

最神奇的是，周期表是在人们不知道原子中存在质子、中子和电子的情况下发明的。

Not long after Dalton presented his model for atom( )在道尔顿提出他的原子模型（原子是是一个不可分割的粒子，其质量决定了它的身份）不久，化学家门开始根据原子的质量将原子列表。

在制定像这些元素表时候，他们观察到在元素中的格局分布。

例如，人们可以清楚的看到在具体间隔的元素有着相似的性质。

在当时知道的大约60种元素中，第二个和第九个表现出相似的性质，第三个和第十个，第四个和第十一个等都具有相似的性质。

In 1869,Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev,a Russian chemist, 在1869年，Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev ,一个俄罗斯的化学家，发表了他的元素周期表。

Mendeleev通过考虑原子重量和元素的某些特性的周期性准备了他的周期表。

这些元素的排列顺序先是按原子质量的增加,,一些情况中, Mendeleev把稍微重写的元素放在轻的那个前面.他这样做只是为了同一列中的元素能具有相似的性质.例如,他把碲(原子质量为128)防在碘(原子质量为127)前面因为碲性质上和硫磺和硒相似, 而碘和氯和溴相似.Mendeleev left a number of gaps in his table.Instead of Mendeleev在他的周期表中留下了一些空白。

染整专业英语第二版课文翻译第二单元Hi, my name is Marry Fielding and I guess you could say that I am "one ina million". In other words, there are not many people like me. You see, I have a muscle disease which makes me very weak, so I can't run or climb stairs as quickly as other people. In addition, sometimes I am very clumsy and dropthings or bump into furniture. Unfortunately, the doctors don't know how to make me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability. My motto is: live One day at a time.Until I was ten years old I was the same as everyone else. I used to climb trees, swim and play football. In fact, I used to dream about playing professional football and possibly representing my country in the World Cup. Then I started to get weaker and weaker, until I could only enjoy footballfrom a bench at the stadium. In the end I went into hospital for medical tests.I stayed there for nearly three months. I think I had at least a billion tests, including one in which they cut out a piece of muscle from my leg and lookedat it under a microscope. Even after all that, no one could give my disease a name and it is difficult to know what the future holds.One problem is that I don't look any different from other people. So sometimes some children in my primary school would laugh, when I got out of breath after running a short way or had to stop and rest halfway up the stairs. Sometimes, too, I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered. Every time I returned after an absence, I felt stupid because I was behind the others.My life is a lot easier at high school because my fellow students have accepted me. The few who cannot see the real person inside my body do not make me annoyed, and I just ignore them. All in all I have a good life. I am happyto have found many things I can do, like writing and computer programming. My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up. Last year invented a computer football game and a big company has decided to buy it from me. I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feelingsorry for myself. As well as going to the movies and football matches with my friends, I spend a lot of time with my pets. I have two rabbits, a parrot, a tank full of fish and a tortoise. To look after my pets properly takes a lotof time but I find it worthwhile. I also have to do a lot of work, especiallyif I have been away for a while.In many ways my disability has helped me grow stronger psychologically and become more independent. I have to work hard to live a normal life but it has been worth it. If I had a chance to say one thing to healthy children, it would be this: having a disability does not mean your life is not satisfying. So don't feel sorry for the disabled or make fun of them, and don't ignore them either. Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.Thank you for reading my story.Unit 1马丁的故事嗨,我的名字就是马丁。

元素周期表随着对原子的描述越来越详尽，我们发现自己处于进退两难之地。

涉及着100种元素，我们怎样使这些元素保持连续性。

一种方法是用元素周期表，周期表巧妙地把原子信息列成表。

它记录着一种元素含有多少质子和电子，它使我们可以计算出大多数元素同位素的中子数。

周期表也存有每种元素的电子排列情况。

周期表最不寻常的是它的发展是在人们还不知道原子中含有质子和中子之前。

道尔顿提出了他的原子模型后不久（一种不可再分的粒子，它的质量取决于它的性质），化学家开始根据原子质量来排列元素。

当得出这种元素表，科学家们观测到元素的规律。

例如，那些出现在特定的位置的元素有某些相似性，这一观点已经越来越明显。

当时已知的约60种元素中，第二种和第九种元素表现出相似性，第三种与第十种元素，第四种与第十一种元素也都具有相似的性质。

1869年，门捷列夫，一个俄国化学家，提出了他们的元素周期表。

他列表时考虑到原子质量和元素某种特性的周期性。

这些元素主要是按原子质量递增的顺序排列的。

在特别情况下，门捷列夫把较重的元素放在较轻元素之前。

他这样做是为了在相同列上的元素有相似的化学性质。

比如，他把蹄（原子质量=128）放在碘（原子质量=127）之前，因为蹄的性质和硫及硒相似，而碘的性质和氯及溴相似。

门捷列夫在他的周期表中列了许多气体，在他的周期表中留下了一些空格，他非但没有将那些空格看成缺憾，反而大胆地预测还存在着未被发现的元素。

而且，他还预测了许多未知元素的性质。

在接下来的几年里，许多气体被填充在新发现的元素中。

这些元素的性质通常和门捷列夫预测的非常接近。

这些伟大创新的预测使门捷列夫的元素周期表被广泛接受。

众所周知，一种元素的性质主要取决于原子最外层能级上的电子数。

Na在它的最外层能级（第三层）有一个电子，Li原子在它的最外层（第二层）有一个单独的电子。

Na和Li的化学性质相似。

He和Ne原子已将所有能级排满，它们性质也相似，就是不容易发生化学反应。

Unit 1 The Roots of ChemistryI. Comprehension.1.C2. B3. D4. C5. BII. Make a sentence out of each item by rearranging the words in brackets.1.The purification of an organic compound is usually a matter of considerabledifficulty, and it is necessary to employ various methods for this purpose.2.Science is an ever-increasing body of accumulated and systematizedknowledge and is also an activity by which knowledge is generated.3.Life, after all, is only chemistry, in fact, a small example of chemistryobserved on a single mundane planet.4.People are made of molecules; some of the molecules in people are rathersimple whereas others are highly complex.5.Chemistry is ever present in our lives from birth to death because withoutchemistry there is neither life nor death.6.Mathematics appears to be almost as humankind and also permeates allaspects of human life, although many of us are not fully aware of this.III. Translation.1.(a) chemical process (b) natural science (c) the technique of distillation2.It is the atoms that make up iron, water, oxygen and the like/and so on/andso forth/and otherwise.3.Chemistry has a very long history, in fact, human activity in chemistry goesback to prerecorded times/predating recorded times.4.According to/From the evaporation of water, people know/realized thatliquids can turn/be/change into gases under certain conditions/circumstance/environment.5.You must know the properties of the material before you use it.IV. Translation化学是三种基础自然科学之一，另外两种是物理和生物。

应用化学专业英语翻译完整篇应用化学专业英语翻译完整篇1 Unit5元素周期表As our picture of the atom becomes more detailed 随着我们对原子的描述越来越详尽，我们发现我们陷入了进退两难之境。

有超过100多中元素要处理，我们怎么能记的住所有的信息？有一种方法就是使用元素周期表。

这个周期表包含元素的所有信息。

它记录了元素中所含的质子数和电子数，它能让我们算出大多数元素的同位素的中子数。

它甚至有各个元素原子的电子怎么排列。

最神奇的是，周期表是在人们不知道原子中存在质子、中子和电子的情况下发明的。

Not long after Dalton presented his model for atom( ) 在道尔顿提出他的原子模型（原子是是一个不可分割的粒子，其质量决定了它的身份）不久，化学家门开始根据原子的质量将原子列表。

在制定像这些元素表时候，他们观察到在元素中的格局分布。

例如，人们可以清楚的看到在具体间隔的元素有着相似的性质。

在当时知道的大约60种元素中，第二个和第九个表现出相似的性质，第三个和第十个，第四个和第十一个等都具有相似的性质。

In 1869,Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev,a Russian chemist, 在1869年，Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev ,一个俄罗斯的化学家，发表了他的元素周期表。

Mendeleev通过考虑原子重量和元素的某些特性的周期性准备了他的周期表。

这些元素的排列顺序先是按原子质量的增加,,一些情况中, Mendeleev把稍微重写的元素放在轻的那个前面.他这样做只是为了同一列中的元素能具有相似的性质.例如,他把碲(原子质量为128)防在碘(原子质量为127)前面因为碲性质上和硫磺和硒相似, 而碘和氯和溴相似.Mendeleev left a number of gaps in his table.Instead of Mendeleev在他的周期表中留下了一些空白。

Unit 1 The Roots of ChemistryI. Comprehension.1.It can be inferred from this article which one of the following items is not mainly based on practical use C. Greek chemistry2. It was B. Empedocless who first introduced the idea that all things are not formed from just one element.3. In the development of Greek chemistry, D. Democritus was the first one definiting the ultimately constituents of matter?4. According to Plato, there are B. 4 ―elements‖ whose faces are constituted by regular polygons.5. In the last paragraph,authors think that experiment DD.can deal with the reactions by which one substance is converted into anotherII. Make a sentence out of each item by rearranging the words in brackets.1.The purification of an organic compound is usually a matter of considerable difficulty, and itis necessary to employ various methods for this purpose.2.Science is an ever-increasing body of accumulated and systematized knowledge and is also anactivity by which knowledge is generated.3.Life, after all, is only chemistry, in fact, a small example of chemistry observed on a singlemundane planet.4.People are made of molecules; some of the molecules in people are rather simple whereasothers are highly complex.5.Chemistry is ever present in our lives from birth to death because without chemistry there isneither life nor death.6.Mathematics appears to be almost as humankind and also permeates all aspects of human life,although many of us are not fully aware of this.III. Translation.1.(a)化学过程；(b)自然科学；（c）蒸馏技术(a) chemical process (b) natural science (c) the technique of distillation2.正是原子构成铁、水、氧等。

应用化学专业英语朱红军第二版课文翻译Unit 7 Physical ChemistryPhysical chemistry is the study of the physical basis of chemical systems and processes. Modern physical chemistry is firmly grounded upon physica. Important areas of study include chemical thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, quantum chemistry, statistical mechanics, electrochemistry, surface and solid state chemistry, and spectroscopy.物理化学是对化学系统和过程的物理基础的研究。

现代物理化学以物理为基础。

重要的研究领域包括化学热力学、化学动力学、量子化学、统计力学、电化学、表面和固体化学以及光谱学。

We have repeatedly referred to the energy effects accompanying chemicaland physical changes. Thermodynamics is the study of these energy effects in particular, it summarizes the relations between heat, work, and other forms of energy that are involved in all types of changes. The laws of thermodynamics can be used to predict whether a particular chemical or physicaltransformation is theoretically possible under a given set of conditions. Furthermore, if a study shows that a desired change will not occur under the conditions assumed, thermodynamic principles can be used to determine how the conditions can be altered to make the change theoretically possible.我们一再提到伴随着化学和物理变化的能量效应。

1化学的起源化学可以被广泛的定义为分子的科学和它们之间的转换。

和数学不同，化学在人类之前。

我们的星球（地球）上的生命和人类的外观很可能是化学进程的具体结果。

化学过程从历史的开端一直到现在都出现在人们的生活中。

最初，这些过程不在我们的掌控之中，例如，果汁的发酵，肉和鱼的腐烂，木头的燃烧。

后来我们学着去控制化学进程使用它来生产不同的产品，比如食物，金属，陶瓷和皮革。

在化学的发展上，主要区分为四个阶段：史前化学，希腊化学，炼金术，科学化学。

早期的化学很明显是被人们实际需要所激发的。

火的发现提供了史前人类开始控制化学反应的一次机会。

他们合成一些黄铜，青铜和其他易得材料的物品。

因为人类早期对化学过程的应用早于记载，所以没有关于它们化学技能的记录。

唯一可以判断它们化学能力的是考古的发现和不同的人造品。

正如早期数学发展一样，实际需要影响着化学的发展。

但是化学和数学在这个阶段很可能没有关系。

即使有，也没有记录来确定这些。

希腊化学主要建立在推测的基础上而不是在实验的基础上。

这是古希腊所有科学的普遍特征。

古希腊科学家实际上是哲学家，所以希腊对思考如此感兴趣盛于实验也就不足为奇了。

事实上他们很少做思考之外的实验。

这对数学是一个好的方法但是却不是对于物理，化学和生物科学。

然而，希腊人思考了许多关于自然和物质结构，他们可以被看作早期化学理论的创造者。

希腊引进了元素的概念总共提出了四种元素。

Thalesren认为所有的东西来自一种基本的物质，就是水。

Anaximenes,接受了元素的概念，但他认为来单独的元素自于空气中的物质。

Heraclitus，认为宇宙的基本的特点是不断变化的，把火作为永久变化的元素。

Empedocles摒弃了了单独元素的概念并引进了四种元素：水，空气，火和土，他也因为他的实验证明了空气是一种物质结构而出名。

火这种元素最早被柏拉图引用他猜测每种元素的粒子有特定的形体，尽管这种粒子太小以至于看不见。

因此，火的最小的粒子有规则的四面体结构，空气是八面体，水是二十面体，土是立方体（主要是六面体）。

Unit 1 The Roots of ChemistryI. Comprehension.1.C2. B3. D4. C5. BII. Make a sentence out of each item by rearranging the words in brackets.1. The purification of an organic compound is usually a matter of considerable difficulty, and it is necessary to employ various methods for this purpose.2. Science is an ever-increasing body of accumulated and systematized knowledge and is also an activity by which knowledge is generated.3. Life, after all, is only chemistry, in fact, a small example of chemistry observed on a single mundane planet.4. People are made of molecules; some of the molecules in people are rather simple whereas others are highly complex.5. Chemistry is ever present in our lives from birth to death because without chemistry there is neither life nor death.6. Mathematics appears to be almost as humankind and also permeates all aspects of human life, although many of us are not fully aware of this.III. Translation.1. (a) chemical process (b) natural science (c) the technique of distillation2. It is the atoms that make up iron, water, oxygen and the like/and so on/andso forth/and otherwise.3. Chemistry has a very long history, in fact, human activity in chemistry goesback to prerecorded times/predating recorded times.4. According to/From the evaporation of water, people know/realized thatliquids can turn/be/change into gases under certain conditions/circumstance/environment.5. You must know the properties of the material before you use it.IV . Translation化学是三种基础自然科学之一，另外两种是物理和生物。