CT动态增强扫描在胆囊癌诊断与鉴别诊断中的应用
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CT动态增强扫描在胆囊癌诊断与鉴别诊断中的应用作者:郑忠勤徐燕徐国强来源:《中国医药导报》2013年第33期[摘要] 目的分析CT动态增强扫描在胆囊癌的诊断与鉴别中的作用,为临床治疗提供参考。
方法收集2007年6月~2012年6月浙江省衢州柯城区人民医院和浙江大学医学院附属第一医院治疗的47例胆囊癌患者临床资料,对经病理证实的患者进行CT多期增强扫描,分析CT增强表现。
结果在47例胆囊癌中,有43例显示出较中心区域更快的边缘强化,而胆囊息肉的患者未表现出上述强化方式;经过分析后,良、恶性肿瘤边缘-中心强化速度比差异有统计学意义(t=4.327,P < 0.05),最大强化速率两者差异无统计学意义(t=1.038,P > 0.05)。
47例胆囊癌增强扫描表现为:①增厚型15例,增强后可见强化均匀。
②结节型21例,增强后明显均匀强化,门脉期和延迟期结节持续强化。
③肿块型7例,增强后呈不均匀强化,以周边强化更为明显,其中动脉期较其他各期表现更明显。
④混合型4例,增强后病灶中心轻度强化,边缘中度以上强化。
结论 CT动态增强扫描具有良好的分辨率,明显的肿瘤影像特征,对胆囊癌的诊断、治疗和预后具有重要的参考价值。
[关键词] 胆囊癌;CT;增强;诊断[中图分类号] R735.8 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2013)11(c)-0114-03Application of CT dynamic enhanced scanning in gallbladder diagnosis and differential diagnosis ZHENG Zhongqin1 XU Yan1 XU Guoqiang21.Department of Radiology, Kecheng District People's Hospital of Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, Quzhou 324000, China;2.Department of Digestive Medicine, the First Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003,China[Abstract] Objective To analyze the role of dynamic enhanced CT scanning in the diagnosis and identifiication of gallbladder carcinoma, and to provide reference for clinical treatment of gallbladder carcinoma. Methods Clinical data of 47 cases of patients with gallbladder carcinoma treated in Kecheng District People's Hospital of Quzhou and the First Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine of Zhejiang University from June 2007 to June 2012, the patients confirmed by pathology were subjected to mutiperiodic enhanced CT scanning, and CT enhanced performance analyzed. Results 43 cases of patients among 47 cases of patients with gallbladder carcinoma showed a faster edge enhancement when those were compared in the central zone, and gallbladder polyp patients didnot show that enhanced method; after analysis, benign or malignant tumor edge - centeral strengthed velocity ratio was statistically difference (t = 4.327, P < 0.05), the maximum strengthened rate in both two group was statistical different (t = 1.038,P > 0.05). 47 cases of gallbladder carcinoma enhanced scannings showed as following:①15 cases of gallbladder carcinomas were found, the unform enhancement of gallbladder carcinoma was visible. ②21 cases of gallbladder carcinomas showed nodular type, obvious homogeneous enhancement was available after being intensified, nodules during the portal phase and delay period continually strengthened.③7 cases of patients of lump types, uneven enhancement was shown after intensifying, perimeter reinforcement was more apparent, in which the performance of arterial phase was more obvious than that in other stages. ④4 cases of mixed, lesions center was mildly strengthed after the enhancement, the edge was reinforced moderately and more violently. Conclusion Dynamic enhanced CT scanning is provided clear resolutio and obvious tumor imaging features, imposing important reference value on the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the gallbladder carcinoma .[Key words] Gallbladder carcinoma; Computed tomography (CT); Enhancement;Diagnosis胆囊癌是临床上常见的恶性肿瘤,发病率居消化道肿瘤第5位[1]。
由于胆囊癌无特异性症状,发病隐匿,给早期诊断带来一定困难。
研究发现[2],早期胆囊癌并手术,5年生存率达到98%,因此提前诊断,并进行针对性治疗,可以降低胆囊癌患者的死亡率,提高患者生存期。
CT动态增强扫描的原理与MR动态扫描相似,其对早期发现各种类型胆囊癌有独特优势。
本研究通过对经病理证实的47例胆囊癌患者CT表现进行回顾性分析,为临床早期诊断提供参考。
1 资料与方法1.1 一般资料收集2007年6月~2012年6月浙江省衢州柯城区人民医院和浙江大学医学院附属第一医院(以下简称“我院”)治疗的47例胆囊癌患者临床资料,所有患者均经手术病理证实为胆囊癌,男18例,女29例,年龄36~79岁,平均(57.4±8.7)岁。
临床表现:黄疸15例,皮肤巩膜黄染11例,右上腹包块9例,12例无明显症状;其中17例有既往胆囊结石、胆囊炎病史,选取同期住院的23例胆囊息肉患者作为对照。
两组患者年龄、临床表现等经统计分析,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 检查方法采用Brilliance 6排螺旋CT进行扫描,步骤如下:①设定参数,扫描矩阵512×512,层厚5 mm,层距5 mm,视野320 mm×320 mm,电流200 mA。
②动态增强扫描:选择有代表性的病变范围进行动态增强扫描,肘静脉采用高压注射器注射对比剂碘海醇1.5 mL/kg,注射速度3.0 mL/s,进行三期动态增强扫描,动脉期在造影剂注射20~30 s后开始扫描,门脉期在造影剂注射70 s后开始扫描,延迟扫描在造影剂注射180 s后开始扫描;并切薄重建。
直径1~2 cm的病灶在扫描结束后采用2 mm层距重建,层厚1 mm层距重建。
1.3 评价标准对比良恶性肿瘤最大强化速率和边缘-中心强化速率比之间的差异,并分析胆囊癌CT增强表现。
1.4 统计学方法采用SPSS 19.0统计学软件进行检验,计量资料数据以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,组间比较采用t检验。
计数资料以率表示,采用χ2检验。
以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果2.1 不同类型肿物CT动态增强的边缘-中心强化速率比和最大强化速率对比在47例胆囊癌中,有43例显示出较中心区域更快的边缘强化,而胆囊息肉的患者未表现出上述强化方式;经过分析后,良、恶性肿瘤边缘-中心强化速度比差异有统计学意义(t=4.327,P < 0.05),最大强化速率两者差异无统计学意义(t=1.038,P > 0.05),见表1。
2.2 胆囊癌增强扫描后的直接征像①增厚型15例,平扫后发现胆囊壁环形增厚,局部呈不规则状,内壁有凸起,增强后可见强化均匀,见图1。
②结节型21例,平扫后发现胆囊呈结节状密度影,并向腔内突起,可见胆囊腔,增强后明显均匀强化,门脉期和延迟期结节持续强化,见图2。
③肿块型7例,胆囊可见明显组织肿块,增强后呈不均匀强化,以周边强化更为明显,其中动脉期持续强化,其他各期未见明显强化,见图3。
④混合型4例,平扫后发现大面积肿块,且无明显轮廓,已经侵犯周围如肝脏、结肠等周围组织,胆囊床附近可见低密度影,与肿块无明显分界。