组织机构名称的翻译共26页文档
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notam航行通告翻译中文名称:航行通告英文名称:notice to navigator航行通告是由国家主管机关以书面形式或通过报纸、广播、电视等新闻媒介,向各种的船舶、设施和人员发布的管辖水域内影响或可能影响水上交通安全的水上水下施工作业、水上竞赛活动和特殊区域划定、改动或撤销等信息的告晓性公文。
1目的发布航行通告主要目的是为了保障船舶、设施的航行和作业安全,避免因施工作业、水上活动、特殊区域变动等而引发交通秩序混乱、意外事故等,航行通告常常是因施工作业、水上活动而发布,对维护施工作业、水上活动水域的安全起着至关重要的作用。
可以说,航行通告的发布效果直接影响到该水域的水上交通安全形势。
2航行通告一、定义1. 国际航行通告室(NOF):由国家指定的负责在国际间交换航行通告的办公室。
2. 航行通告(NOTAM):用电信方式分发的关于任何航行设施、服务、程序或危险的建立情况和变动的资料的通知,及时了解这种资料对与飞行活动有关的人员是必不可少的。
3. 雪情通告(SNOWTAM):一种专门系列的航行通告,用专门的格式通知由于活动区内有雪、冰、雪浆或与雪、冰或雪浆有关的积水而存在的危险情况,或者这种险情的排除。
4. 火山通告(ASHTAM):航行通告的一个专门系列,是以特定的格式针对可能影响航空器运行的火山活动变化、火山爆发和/或火山烟云发出的通告。
注:我国暂不公布5. 飞行前资料公告(PIB):在飞行前准备的、对运行有重要意义的现行航行通告资料。
6. NOTAM校核单:包括有效的NOTAM序列号、最新的AIP AMEND、AIP SUP、AIC序列号。
7. NOTAM明语摘要:包括有效的NOTAM明语、最新的AIP AMEND 序列号、有效的AIP SUP和AIC序列号。
8. 一体化航行情报系列资料该系列资料包括以下内容:1)《航行资料汇编》(AIP):包括航行资料修订; 2)《航行资料汇编》补充资料(AIP SUP);3)航行通告(NOTAM)和飞行前资料公告(PIB); 4)航行资料通报(AIC);5)NOTAM 校核单(Checklist)及明语摘要(Summary)。
组织机构名称翻译法1) 政府官方机构包括中央政府部门与各级地方政府部门。
国务院以下各级国家机构由委(Commission),部(ministry),司(department),局(bureau),处 (division),所 (institute),科(section),中心 (centre),室 (office) 等组成。
各机构部门职责分工不同,历史沿革不同,因而机构名称不尽相同,其英译也有差异。
有些政府部门有约定俗成的简略语,如国家教委(国家教育委员会)、国家计委(国家计划委员会)。
翻译这些简略语需将其全称意译成英语,例如:全国人民代表大会 the National People's Congress常设委员会the Standing Committee中国人民政治协商会议the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference国务院 the State Council国家计委 the State Planning Commission国家教委the State Educational Commission外交部 the Ministry of Foreign Affairs;the Foreign Ministry 财政部the Ministry of Finance文化部the Ministry of Culture商业部the Ministry of Commerce外事局the Bureau of Foreign Affairs行政处the Division of Administration ; the Administrative Division秘书处the Secretariat人事处 the Division of Personnel;the Personnel Division2) 地方政府机构包括省、地、市、县等各级政府及其下属机构部门,有委 (commission),厅(department),局(bureau),公司(company)等,其名称采用意译方法,例如:省教委 the Provincial Educational Commission省民政厅 the Provincial Department of Civil,Administration 省监察局 the Provincial Supervisory Bureau省审计局 the Provincial Auditing Bureau省进出口公司 the Provincial Import and Export Company地农业局 the Prefectural Agricultural Bureau地税务局 the Prefectural Tax Bureau市体委the City/Municipal Physical Culture and Sports Commission市文委 the City/Municipal Cultural Commission市公用局 the City/Municipal Public Utility Bureau市商品检验局the City/Municipal Commodity Inspection Bureau市邮政总局the City/Municipal General Post Office市保险公司 the City/Municipal Insurance Company县工业局the County Industrial Bureau县林业局 the County Forestry Bureau3) 社会团体单位 (如工厂、商店、医院、公司、大学、中小学、出版社等),其名称一般采取意译方法,例如:南京大学 Nanjing University北京四中 Beijing No.4 (number four) Middle School北京第一实验小学Beijing No.I (number one) Experimental Primary Elementary School武汉钢铁公司 Wuhan Iron and Steel Company杭州万向节厂 Hangzhou Universal Joints Factory北京301医院 Beijing No.301 (number three 0 one) Hospital 北京动物园 Beijing Zoo4)专业组织和民间组织名称,一般也采用意译方法,例如:市消费者协会the Municipal Consumers' Association5)国际主要经济贸易组织协会名称翻译National Council for US-China Trade 美中贸易全国理事会Japan-China Economic Association 日中经济协会Association for the Promotion of International Trade, Japan 日本国际贸易促进会British Council for the Promotion of International Trade 英国国际贸易促进委员会International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会International Union of Marine Insurance 国际海洋运输保险协会International Alumina Association 国际铝矾土协会Universal Postal Union, UPU 万国邮政联盟Customs Co-operation Council, CCC 关税合作理事会United Nations Trade and Development Board 联合国贸易与发展理事会Organization for Economic cooperation and Development, DECD 经济合作与开发组织European Economic Community, EEC, European Common Market 欧洲经济共同体European Free Trade Association, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易联盟European Free Trade Area, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易区Council for Mutual Economic Aid, CMEA 经济互助委员会Eurogroup 欧洲集团Group of Ten 十国集团1) 政府官方机构包括中央政府部门与各级地方政府部门。
(整理)中国机构名称的翻译.中国机构名称的翻译国人民代表大会National People's Congress (NPC)主席团Presidium常务委员会Standing Committee办公厅General Office秘书处Secretariat代表资格审查委员会Credentials Committee提案审查委员会Motions Examination Committee民族委员会Ethnic Affairs Committee法律委员会Law Committee财务经济委员会Finance Affairs Committee外事委员会Foreign and Economy Committee教育,科学,文化委员会Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committ ee内务司法委员会Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs华侨委员会Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee法制委员会Commission of Legislative Affairs特定问题委员会Committee of Inquiry into Special Questions 宪法修改委员会Committee for Revision of the Constitution 中华人民共和国主席President of the People's Republic of China中央军事委员会Central Military Commission最高人民法院Supreme People's Court最高人民检察院Supreme People's Procuratorate国务院State Council国务院部委Ministries and Commissions Directly under the State Council外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs国防部Ministry of National Defence国家发展计划委员State Development Planning Commission 国家经济贸易委员会State Economic and Trade Commission 教育部Ministry of Education科学技术部Ministry of Science and T echnology国家科学技术工业委员会Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence国家民族事务委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission公安部Ministry of Public Security国家安全部Ministry of State Security监察部Ministry of Supervision民政部Ministry of Civil Affairs司法部Ministry of Justice财政部Ministry of Finance人事部Ministry of Personnel劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Labour and Social Security国土资源部Ministry of Land and Resources建设部Ministry of Construction铁路部Ministry of Railways交通部Ministry of Communications信息产业部Ministry of Information Industry水利部Ministry of Water Resources农业部Ministry of Agriculture对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation文化部Ministry of Culture卫生部Ministry of Public Health国家计划生育委员会State Family Planning Commission中国人民银行People's Bank of China国家审计署State Auditing Administration国务院办事机构Offices under that State Council国务院办公厅General Office of the State Council侨务办公厅Office of Overseas Chinese Affairs港澳办公厅Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office台湾办公厅Taiwan Affairs Office法制办公厅Office of Legislative Affairs经济体制办公厅Office for Economic Restructuring国务院研究室Research Office of the State Council新闻办公室Information Office国务院直属机构Departments Directly under the State Council 海关总署General Administration of Customs国家税务总局State Taxation Administration国家环境保护总局State Environmental Protection Administration中国民用航空总局Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC)国家广播电影电视总局State Administration of Radio, Film and Television国家体育总局State Physical Cultural Administration国家统计局State Statistics Bureau国家工商行政管理局State Administration of Industry and Commerce新闻出版署Press and Publication Administration国家版权局State Copyright Bureau国家林业局State Forestry Bureau国家质量技术监督局State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision国家药品监督管理局State Drug Administration (SDA)国家知识产权局State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO)国家旅游局National Tourism Administration国家宗教事务局State Bureau of Religious Affairs国务院参事室Counsellors' Office of the State Council国务院机关事务管理局Government Offices Administration of the State Council国务院直属事业单位Institutions Directly under the State Council新华通讯社Xinhua News Agency中国科学院Chinese Academy of Sciences中国社会科学院Chinese Academy of Social Sciences中国工程院Chinese Academy of Engineering国务院发展研究中心Development Research Centre of the State Council国家行政学院National School of Administration中国地震局China Seismological Bureau中国气象局China Meteorological Bureau中国证券监督管理委员会China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRS)部委管理的国家局State Bureaux Administration by Ministration or Commission )国家粮食储备局(国家发展计划委员会)State Bureau of Grain Reserve (Under the State Development Planning Commission)国家国内贸易局State Bureau of Internal Trade国家煤炭工业局State Bureau of Coal Industry国家机械工业局State Bureau of Machine Building Industry国家冶金工业局State Bureau of Metallurgical Industry国家石油和化学工业局State Bureau of Petroleum and Chemical Industry国家轻工业局State Bureau of Light Industry国家纺织工业局State Bureau of Textile Industry国家建筑材料工业局State Bureau of Building Materials Industry国家烟草专卖局State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau国家有色金属工业局State Bureau of Nonferrous Metal Industry(以上由国家经贸委管理above are all under the State Economic and Trade Co mmission)国家外国专家局(人事部) State Bureau of Foreign Experts Affairs (under theMinistry of Personnel)国家海洋局(国土资源部) State Bureau of Oceanic Administration (under the Ministry of Land and Resources)国家测绘局(国土资源部) State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping (ditto)国家邮政局(信息产业部) State Post Bureau (under the Ministry of Information Industry)国家文物局(文化部) State Cultural Relics Bureau (under the Ministry of Cultur e)国家中医药管理局(卫生部) State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(under the Ministry of Public Health)国家外汇管理局(中国人民银行总行) State Administration of Foreign Exchange(under the People's Bank of China)国家出入境检验检疫局(海关总署) State Administration for EntryExit Inspection and Quarantine (under the General Administration of Customs)中央政治局Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPC中央政治局常务委员会Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC中央书记处Secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPC 中央军事委员会Central Military Commission of the CPC中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC中央办公厅General Office, CCCPC中央组织部Organization Department, CCCPC中央宣传部Publicity Department, CCCPC中央统一战线部United Front Work Department, CCCPC中央对外联络部International Liaison Department, CCCPC中央政法委员会Committee of Political and Legislative Affairs, CCCPC中央政策研究室Policy Research Office, CCCPC中央直属机关工作委员会Work Committee for Offices Directly under the CCCPC中央国家机关工作委员会State Organs Work Committee of the CPC中央台湾工作委员会Taiwan Affairs Office, CCCPC中央对外宣传办公室International Communication Office, CCCPC中央党校Party School of the CPC中央党史研究室Party History Research Centre, CCCPC中央文献研究室Party Literature Research Centre, CCCPC中央翻译局Compilation and Translation Bureau, CCCPC中央外文出版发行事业局China Foreign Languages Publishing and DistributionAdministration中央档案馆Archives Bureau, CCCPC《中国人民政治协商会议及其机构》The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and Its Structure中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会National Committee of the CPPCC中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会常务委员会Standing Committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC 中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会办公厅General Offices of the CPPCC NationalCommittee专门委员会Special Committee提案委员会Committee for Handling Proposals经济委员会Committee for Economic Affairs人口资源环境委员会Committee of Population, Resources and Environment教科文卫体委员会Committee of Education, Science, Culture, Health and Sport s社会和法制委员会Committee for Social and Legal Affairs民族和宗教委员会Committee for Ethnic and Religious Affairs 文史资料委员会Committee of Cultural and Historical Data港澳台侨委员会Committee for Liaison with Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Overseas Chinese外事委员会Committee of Foreign Affairs中国人民政治协商委员会地方委员会CPPCC Local Committees《中国政党Chinese Parties》中国共产党(中共)Communist Party of China (CPC)中国国民党革命委员会(民革)Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuominta ng中国民主同盟(民盟)Chinese Democratic League中国民主建国会(民建)China Democratic National Construction Association中国民主促进会(民进)China Association for Promoting Democracy中国农工民主党Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party中国致公党China Zhi Gong Dang九三学社Jiu San Society台湾民主自治同盟(台盟)Taiwan Democratic SelfGovernment LeagueAccountant 会计员,会计师Administration Assistant 行政助理Administrator 行政主管Apprentice 学徒Architect 建筑师Assistant Manager 副经理Assistant Production Manager 副厂长Business Manager 业务经理Cashier 出纳员Chief Accountant 总会计主任Chief Engineer 总工程师Civil Engineer 土木工程师Clerk 文员(文书)Director 董事Electrical Engineer 电气工程师Executive Director 行政董事Executive Secretary 行政秘书Financial Controller 财务总监Foreman 领班,组长General manager 总经理Junior clerk 低级文员(低级职员)Manager 经理Marketing Executive 市场部主任Marketing Manager 市场部经理Marketing Officer 市场部办公室主任Mechanical Engineer 机械工程师Merchandiser 买手(商人)Messenger 信差(邮递员)Office Assistant 写字楼助理(办事员)Plant Manager 厂长Practice Nurse 见习护士Production Manager 厂长Quality Controller 品质控制员(质量检查员)Receptionist 接线生(接线员)Sales Engineer 销售工程师Sales Executive 销售主任Sales Manager 销售经理Sales Representative 营业代表Salesman 推销员Secretary 秘书Senior Clerk 高级文员(高级职员)Skilled Worker 熟练技工Stenographer 速记员Sub-Manager 副经理Supervisor 主管Surveyor 测量员T echnician 技术员Telex Operator 电传机操作员Translator 翻译员Typist 打字员。
日常生活中常见的机构组织的名称(英语名称)一、部属机构属译名(以化学工业为例)化学工业部Ministry of Chemical Industry办公厅General Office计划司Planning Department外事司Foreign Affairs Department人事司Personnel Department化工新材料局New Chemical Material Department化工司Chemical Department橡胶司Rubber Department炼化司Department of Refining and Chemicals矿山司Chemical Mines Bureau化工规划院Chemical Planning Institute设备总公司Equipment General Corporation基建局Capital Construction Department教育司Education Department化肥司Chemical Fertilizer Department供销局Department of Supply and Sales二、市属机械译名(以北京市为例)北京市人大常委会Standing Committee of Beijing Municipal People's Congress 中国共产党北京市委员会Beijing Municipal Committee of the CPC中国人民政治协商会议北京市委员会Beijing Municipal Committee of the CPPCC 北京市人民政府Beijing Municipal People's Government高级人民法院High People's Court人民检察院People's Procuratorate外事办公室Foreign Affairs Office侨务办公室Overseas Chinese Affairs Office财贸办公室Office of Finance and Trade文教办公室Office of Culture and Education计划委员会Planning Committee经济委员会Economic Committee城乡建设委员会Committee of Municipal and Rural Construction科学技术委员会Committee of Science and Technology城市规划委员会Committee of Municipal Design对外经贸委员会Committee of Economic Trade for Foreign Countries市政管理委员会Municipal Administration Committee民族委员会Nationalities Committee体育委员会Physical Culture and Sports Committee计划生育委员会Family Planning Committee人事局Personnel Bureau科技干部管理局Bureau of Scientific and Technical Personnel老干部局Bureau of Retired Veteran Cadres统计局Statistical Bureau物价局Bureau of Commodity Price工商行政管理局Administration Bureau for Industry and Commerce商品检验局Bureau for Inspection of Commodities审计局Auditing Bureau财政局Finance Bureau税务局Tax Bureau劳动局Labor Bureau档案局Archives Bureau物资管理局Bureau of Materials标准计量局Bureau of Standard Measurement公用局Bureau if Public Utilities广播电视局Bureau of Radio and Television教育委员会Education Committee文化局Bureau of Culture文物事业管理局Bureau of Cultural Relics卫生局Health Bureau乡镇企业管理局Bureau if Township Enterprise Management地质矿产局Bureau of Geology and mineral Resources农业局Agricultural Bureau林业局Forestry Bureau水产局Bureau of Aquatic Products气象局Meteorological Bureau水资源管理局Control Bureau of Water Resources园林局Bureau of Parks and Woods环境保护局Bureau for Environmental Protection环境卫生管理局Bureau for Environmental Health商业委员会Commerce Committee粮食局Food Bureau房地产管理局Real Estate Bureau城市规划管理局Bureau for Municipal Design机械设备成套局Bureau for Complete Plants of Machinery and Equipment 公安局Public Security Bureau安全局Security Bureau司法局Justice Bureau民政局Bureau of Civil Affairs劳改工作管理局Bureau of Reform-through-Labor Work旅游局Travel Bureau/T ourism Administration铁路局Railways Bureau邮政局Post Bureau电信局Telecommunications Bureau北京民航管理局Beijing Bureau of Civil Aviation北京海关Beijing Customs外交人员服务局Service Bureau for Foreign Officials首都钢铁公司Capital Iron and Steel Company燕山石化总公司Yanshan Petro-Chemical Industry Corporation三、企业半导体器械厂Semi-Conductor Apparatus Plant包装材料厂Packaging Materials Plant保温瓶厂Thermos Flask Factory炼钢厂Steel Works被单厂Bed sheet Factory变压器厂Transformer factory玻璃制品厂Glassware Factory茶厂Tea Processing Factory柴油机厂Diesel Engine Plant车辆制造厂Railway Car Plant船舶修造厂Ship Repair Yard灯具厂Lighting Equipment Factory低压开关厂Low-Voltage Switch Factory汽车制造厂Automobile Works发电厂Power Plant电动工具厂Electric Tool Works电机厂Electrical Machinery Plant电讯器材厂Telecommunication Apparatus Factory电子管厂Electronic Tube Factory电子设备厂Electronic Equipment Factory铸造厂Foundry Works纺织机械厂Textile Machinery Plant服装厂Garment Factory皮革制品厂Leather Goods Factory罐头食品厂Canned Food Plant光学仪器厂Optical Instrument Factory广播器材厂Broadcasting Equipment Factory锅炉厂Boiler Factory化肥厂Chemical Fertilizer Plant化工厂Chemical Works化学纤维厂Chemical Fiber Plant化妆品厂Cosmetics Plant机床厂Machine Tools Plant机械修理厂Machine Repair Plant建筑机械厂Construction Machinery Plant金属工艺制品厂Metal Handicraft Plant晶体管厂Transistor Factory绝缘材料厂Insulating Materials Plant民族乐器厂Folk Music Instrument Factory炼油厂Oil Refinery粮油加工厂Grain and Cooking Oil Processing Factory毛纺织厂Woolen Mill木材厂Timber Mill家具厂Furniture Factory农药厂Insecticide Factory啤酒厂Beer Brewery汽车修配厂Motor-Car Repair and Assembly Plant人造纤维厂Artificial Fiber Plant乳品加工厂Milk Processing Plant石油化工机械厂Petro-Chemical Machinery Plant水泥厂Cement Plant塑料厂Plastics Plant搪瓷厂Enamel Plant陶瓷厂Pottery and porcelain Factory通用机械厂General Machinery Plant玩具厂Toy Factory无线电器材厂Radio Appliances Factory五金厂Hardware Factory橡胶厂Rubber Plant制药厂Pharmaceutical Factory羊毛衫厂Woolen Sweater Mill针织厂Knitwear Mill冶炼厂Metallurgical Plant医疗器械厂Medical Apparatus Factory仪表厂Instrument and Meters Factory饮料厂Soft Drinks Plant印染厂Printing and Dyeing Mill油漆厂Paint Factory有机化工厂Organic Chemical Plant造纸机械厂Paper Making Machinery Plant造船厂Shipbuilding Plant自行车厂Bicycle Plant四、公司、企业集团家用电器有限公司Household Electrical Appliance Co., Ltd. 技贸公司Technology and Trade Co., Ltd.钢铁公司Iron and Steel Company保安服务公司Security Service Company针织有限公司Knitting Company Ltd.实业集团公司Industrial Group Corporation国际租赁公司International Leasing Company电子技术开发公司Electronic Technology Development Co.毛纺织有限公司Woolen Textile Co., Ltd.系统工程有限公司System Engineering Corporation计算机集团公司Computer Group Co.时装有限公司Fashion Company Ltd.广告公司Advertising Company科学技术开发公司Science and Technical Development Company水产品有限公司Aquatic Product Company Ltd.旅游公司Travel Corporation服装公司Garment Company Ltd.国际广告展览有限公司International Advertising and Exposition Co., Ltd.电冰箱厂有限公司Refrigerator Factory Co., Ltd.电风扇工业公司Electric Fan Industry Company电话技术开发服务公司T elephonic Technology Development Service Co.电力机械制造公司Electrical Machinery Manufacturing Company电信发展公司Telecommunications Development Co.电子器材公司Electronic Equipment & Materials Corporation建筑工程Construction Project Consulting咨询公司Corporation科学仪器Scientific Instrument Import and进出口公司Export Co.仪器设备公司Instrument and Equipment Company汽车企业集团Automobile Enterprise Group技术开发咨询公司Technical Development and Consultancy Co.对外服务公司Foreign Service Company对外经济发展公司Foreign Economic Development Company纺织企业集团Textile Enterprise Group对外贸易公司Foreign Trade Company贸易有限公司Trading Company Ltd.国际投资有限公司International Investment Company塑料制品有限公司Plastic Products Co., Ltd.工艺美术品公司Arts and Crafts Corporation国际经济技术合作公司International Economic & Technological Consulting Corporation 国际经济开发公司International Economic Development Corporation国际科技咨询公司International Scientific and Technological Consulting Corporation 国际贸易展览公司International Trade Exhibition Company国际商业服务公司International Commercial Service Company国际信息处理有限公司International Information Processing Co., Ltd.国际经济合作公司International Economic Cooperation Corporation 国际工程集团International Engineering Group Corporation制衣实业公司Garments Industrial Company化工工程咨询公司Chemical Engineering Consulting Corporation计算机技术Computer Technology Service服务公司Corporation工程承包有限公司Project Contracting Co., Ltd.建筑设计合资公司Building Design Joint Venture Corporation交通进出口Communications Import & Export服务公司Service Company饭店集团服务公司Hotel Group, Ltd.饮料有限公司Beverage Company Limited建筑工程公司Construction Engineering Co.陶瓷企业集团Porcelain Industry Complex饲料技术开发集团Feed Technological Development Group能源开发公司Energy Development Corporation民办交通信息中心Non-Governmental Transport Information Center 国货有限公司China Products Company Ltd.气象服务公司Meteorological Service Company农资公司Agricultural Materials Company化纤工业集团公司Chemical Fiber Industry Group房产投资有限公司Realty & Investment Company房地产开发公司Real Estate Development Company国际集装箱有限公司International Container Co., Ltd.证券公司Securities Company塑料皮革工业公司Plastics and Leather Industrial Company讨债公司Debt Collecting Company新型建筑材料供应公司New Building Materials Supply Company五、金融、保险机构中国人民银行People's Bank of China中国人民建设银行People's Construction Bank of China中国工商银行Industrial and Commercial Bank of China中国农业银行Agricultural Bank of China中国银行Bank of China交通银行Bank of Communications中国投资银行China Investment Bank中信实业银行CITIC Industrial Bank中国光大银行Everbright Bank of China厦门国际银行Xiamen International Bank广东发展银行Guangdong Development Bank浦东发展银行Pudong Development Bank中国国际信托投资公司China International Trust &Investment Corporation 中国人民保险公司People's Insurance Company of China平安保险公司Ping An Insurance Company中国人寿保险公司China Life Insurance Company Ltd.六、商店书店books store粮店grain store食品点food store煤店coal store食品杂货(副食品)店grocery酱园sauce and pickles shop肉店meat (butcher's) shop酒店wine shop水产店aquatic products shop家禽店fowl shop豆腐店bean curd shop烤肉店roast meat shop卤味店sauced meat shop饮食店food and drink shop小吃店eating house (snack bar)饭店restaurant冷饮店cold drinks shop蔬菜店水果店green grocery (green grocer's)蔬菜店vegetables shop鞋帽店shoes and hats store百货公司department store百货商场general merchandise market服装店clothing store成衣店ready-made clothes shop呢绒绸布店wool, silk and cotton fabrics store药店(美:杂货店)drug store (pharmacy)儿童用品商店children's goods shop妇女用品商店women's goods shop钟表店watch and clock ship文具店stationer's (stationery shop)日用杂货店daily-use sundry goods shop炊事用具商店cooking utensils shop家用器具商店household utensils shop五金商店metal products shop家具店furniture shop眼镜店eyeglasses store玻璃礼品店glass gifts store爆竹鞭炮店fireworks shop电器商店electrical appliance shop油漆店paint shop化工油漆染料店chemicals, paint and dyestuffs shop地产建材商店native building materials store照相馆(摄影室)photographic studio (photographer's) 旧货店second-hand goods store (used goods store)寄卖商店commission shop综合修理店general repair shop (service)工艺美术服务社arts and crafts shop花店flower shop古玩珠宝店antiques and jewelry shop香烟店(摊)cigarette shop (stall)售报亭newspaper and magazine stand茶馆tea house理发店barber's shop (hairdresser's)洗澡堂bath house旅店/旅馆inn/ hotel邮局post office公司部门的英文标识名称总公司Head Office分公司Branch Office营业部Business Office人事部Personnel Department人力资源部Human Resources Department总务部General Affairs Department财务部General Accounting Department销售部Sales Department促销部Sales Promotion Department国际部International Department出口部Export Department进口部Import Department公共关系Public Relations Department广告部Advertising Department企划部Planning Department产品开发部Product Development Department研发部Research and Development Department (R&D)秘书室Secretarial Pool。
附录A
(资料性)
组织机构名称英文译法示例
A.1 成都市党政群机构名称
成都市党政群机构名称英文译法示例见表A.1。
表A.1成都市党政群机构名称英文译法示例
表A.1 成都市党政群机构名称英文译法示例(续)
表A.1 成都市党政群机构名称英文译法示例(续)
表A.1 成都市党政群机构名称英文译法示例(续)
表A.1 成都市党政群机构名称英文译法示例(续)
表A.1 成都市党政群机构名称英文译法示例(续)
表A.1 成都市党政群机构名称英文译法示例(续)
表A.1 成都市党政群机构名称英文译法示例(续)
A.2 成都市本级参公单位名称
成都市本级参公单位名称英文译法示例见表A.2。
表A.2成都市本级参公单位名称英文译法示例
表A.2 成都市本级参公单位名称英文译法示例(续)
表A.2 成都市本级参公单位名称英文译法示例(续)
A.3 成都市垂直管理机构名称
成都市垂直管理机构名称英文译法示例见表A.3。
表A.3成都市垂直管理机构名称英文译法示例
表A.3 成都市垂直管理机构名称英文译法示例(续)
附录B
(资料性)
职务职称英文译法示例B.1 职务职称
职务职称英文译法示例见表B.1。
表B.1职务职称英文译法示例
表B.1职务职称英文译法示例(续)
表B.1职务职称英文译法示例(续)
表B.1职务职称英文译法示例(续)
表B.1职务职称英文译法示例(续)。
Asterisk权威文档(第三版)Chapter 26 ————Security(安全)我们总是竭尽全力去寻找安全,然而当我们得到安全时却又恨之入骨!————John SteinbeckAsterisk系统的安全至关重要,特别是当系统接入互联网时。
一旦系统被入侵,攻击者们可以通过利用该系统实现免费的电话以赚取大量非法钱财。
本章将就如何保障你的网络电话部署安全性提供一些建议。
扫描有效账户如果你将Asterisk系统接入公共网络,几乎可以肯定你会做的其中一件事是扫描有效账户。
示例26-1包含了来自于众多Asterisk系统作者的项目之一的日志条目。
扫描往往先查找常见账户,之后才继续扫描在编账户。
就像命名交换机扩展项一样命名SIP账户是很常见的,我们说的扫描就基于这一事实。
而这就是我们下面第一条提示所要解释的关于Asterisk系统安全的问题:提示1:使用非数字用户名作为你的VoIP账户将使它更难以被猜测,举个例子,在本书部分章节中,我们使用SIP电话本身的MAC地址作为它在Asterisk系统中的账户名。
例26-1账户扫描的日志摘录[Aug 22 15:17:15] NOTICE[25690] chan_sip.c: Registration from'"123"<sip:123@127.0.0.1>' failed for '203.86.167.220:5061' - No matching peerfound[Aug 22 15:17:15] NOTICE[25690] chan_sip.c: Registration from'"1234"<sip:1234@127.0.0.1>' failed for '203.86.167.220:5061' - No matching peerfound[Aug 22 15:17:15] NOTICE[25690] chan_sip.c: Registration from* The real IP address has been replaced with 127.0.0.1 in the log entries.'"12345"<sip:12345@127.0.0.1>' failed for '203.86.167.220:5061' - No matching peerfound[Aug 22 15:17:15] NOTICE[25690] chan_sip.c: Registration from'"123456"<sip:123456@127.0.0.1>' failed for '203.86.167.220:5061' - No matchingpeer found[Aug 22 15:17:15] NOTICE[25690] chan_sip.c: Registration from'"test"<sip:test@127.0.0.1>' failed for '203.86.167.220:5061' - No matching peerfound[Aug 22 15:17:15] NOTICE[25690] chan_sip.c: Registration from'"sip"<sip:sip@127.0.0.1>' failed for '203.86.167.220:5061' - No matching peer found[Aug 22 15:17:15] NOTICE[25690] chan_sip.c: Registration from'"user"<sip:user@127.0.0.1>' failed for '203.86.167.220:5061' - No matching peerfound[Aug 22 15:17:16] NOTICE[25690] chan_sip.c: Registration from'"admin"<sip:admin@127.0.0.1>' failed for '203.86.167.220:5061' - No matching peerfound[Aug 22 15:17:16] NOTICE[25690] chan_sip.c: Registration from'"pass"<sip:pass@127.0.0.1>' failed for '203.86.167.220:5061' - No matching peerfound[Aug 22 15:17:16] NOTICE[25690] chan_sip.c: Registration from'"password"<sip:password@127.0.0.1>' failed for '203.86.167.220:5061' - No matchingpeer found[Aug 22 15:17:16] NOTICE[25690] chan_sip.c: Registration from'"testing"<sip:testing@127.0.0.1>' failed for '203.86.167.220:5061' - No matching peerfound[Aug 22 15:17:16] NOTICE[25690] chan_sip.c: Registration from'"guest"<sip:guest@127.0.0.1>' failed for '203.86.167.220:5061' - No matching peerfound[Aug 22 15:17:16] NOTICE[25690] chan_sip.c: Registration from'"voip"<sip:voip@127.0.0.1>' failed for '203.86.167.220:5061' - No matching peerfound[Aug 22 15:17:16] NOTICE[25690] chan_sip.c: Registration from'"account"<sip:account@127.0.0.1>' failed for '203.86.167.220:5061' - No matchingpeer found...[Aug 22 15:17:17] NOTICE[25690] chan_sip.c: Registration from'"100"<sip:100@127.0.0.1>' failed for '203.86.167.220:5061' - No matching peer found[Aug 22 15:17:17] NOTICE[25690] chan_sip.c: Registration from'"101"<sip:101@127.0.0.1>' failed for '203.86.167.220:5061' - No matching peer found[Aug 22 15:17:17] NOTICE[25690] chan_sip.c: Registration from'"102"<sip:102@127.0.0.1>' failed for '203.86.167.220:5061' - No matching peer found[Aug 22 15:17:17] NOTICE[25690] chan_sip.c: Registration from'"103"<sip:103@127.0.0.1>' failed for '203.86.167.220:5061' - No matching peer found[Aug 22 15:17:17] NOTICE[25690] chan_sip.c: Registration from'"104"<sip:104@127.0.0.1>' failed for '203.86.167.220:5061' - No matching peer found[Aug 22 15:17:17] NOTICE[25690] chan_sip.c: Registration from'"105"<sip:105@127.0.0.1>' failed for '203.86.167.220:5061' - No matching peer found账户扫描利用尝试注册时服务器端返回的信息不同来判断某个账户存在与否。
人用药品注册技术要求国际协调会(ICH)ICH协调指导原则质量风险管理Q9(R1)终稿2023年1月18日正式通过本指南由相应的ICH专家工作组制定,并按照ICH程序对各监管机构征询了意见。
在ICH大会一致通过后,ICH建议其成员国监管主体施行该指南草案的最终定稿。
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ICH 三方协调指导原则质量风险管理Q9(R1)ICH一致性意见指导原则目录1.前言 (1)2.范围 (2)3.质量风险管理的原则 (2)4.质量风险管理基本流程 (2)4.1职责 (3)4.2启动风险管理流程 (4)4.3风险评估 (4)4.4风险控制 (5)4.5风险沟通 (5)4.6风险回顾(Risk Review) (6)5.风险管理方法学 (6)5.1 质量风险管理的正式性 (7)5.2 基于风险的决策 (8)5.3管理并最大程度地降低主观性 (9)6.质量风险管理在制药行业和监管机构的应用 (9)7.术语 (11)8.参考文献 (12)附录Ⅰ:质量风险管理方法与工具 (14)1风险管理的基本方法 (14)2失效模式与影响分析(FMEA) (14)3失效模式、影响与关键性分析(FMECA) (14)4故障树分析(FTA) (15)5危害源分析及关键控制点(HACCP) (15)6危害源及可操作性分析(HAZOP) (16)7初步危害源分析(PHA) (16)8风险排序及筛选 (16)9支持性统计学工具 (17)附录Ⅱ:质量风险管理的潜在应用 (18)1整体质量管理中的质量风险管理 (18)2监管活动中的质量风险管理 (19)3药品研发中的质量风险管理 (19)4厂房设施、设备和公用系统中的质量风险管理 (20)5物料管理中的质量风险管理 (21)6药品生产中的质量风险管理 (21)7实验室控制和稳定性研究中的质量风险管理 (22)8包装和贴签中的质量风险管理 (22)9供应链控制中的质量风险管理 (22)1.前言风险管理的原则已有效应用于众多的商业领域和政府部门,包括金融、保险、职业安全、公共健康、药物警戒,以及这些行业的监管机构。
1、抗生素医嘱[Antibiotic order]·Prophylaxis [预防性用药] Duration of oder[用药时间] 24hr Procedure[操作,手术]·Empiric theraphy [经验性治疗]Suspected site and organism[怀疑感染的部位和致病菌] 72hr Cultures ordered[是否做培养]·Documented infection[明确感染]Site and organism[部位和致病菌] 5days·Other[其他]Explanation required [解释理由] 24hr·Antibiotic allergies[何种抗生素过敏]No known allergy [无已知的过敏]·Drug+dose+Route+frequency[药名+剂量+途径+次数]2、医嘱首页[Admission / transfer]·Admit / transfer to [收入或转入]·Resident [住院医师] Attending[主治医师]·Condition [病情]·Diagnosis[诊断]·Diet [饮食]·Acitivity [活动]·Vital signs[测生命体征]·I / O [记进出量]·Allergies[过敏]3、住院病历[case history]·Identification [病人一般情况]Name[性名]Sex[性别]Age [年龄]Marriage[婚姻]Person to notify and phone No.[联系人及电话] Race[民族]I.D.No.[身份证]Admission date[入院日期]Source of history[病史提供者]Reliability of history[可靠程度]Medical record No[病历号]Business phone No.[工作单位电话]Home address and phone No.[家庭住地及电话] ·Chief complaint[主诉]·History of present illness[现病史]·Past History[过去史]Surgical[外科]Medical[内科]Medications[用药]Allergies[过敏史]Social History[社会史]Habits[个人习惯]Smoking[吸烟]Family History[家族史]Ob/Gyn History[ 婚姻/生育史]Alcohol use[喝酒]·Review of Aystems[系统回顾]General[概况]Eyes,Ears,Nose and throat[五官] Pulmonary[呼吸]Cardiovascular[心血管]GI[消化]GU[生殖、泌尿系统]Musculoskeletal[肌肉骨骼]Neurology[神经系统]Endocrinology[内分泌系统]Lymphatic/Hematologic[淋巴系统/血液系统] ·Physical Exam[体检]Vital Signs[生命体征]P[脉博]Bp[血压]R[呼吸]T[温度]Height[身高]Weight[体重]General[概况]HEENT[五官]Neck[颈部]Back/Chest[背部/胸部]Breast[乳房]Heart[心脏]Heart rate[心率]Heart rhythm[心律]Heart Border[心界]Murmur[杂音]Abdomen[腹部]Liver[肝]Spleen[脾]Rectal[直肠]Genitalia[生殖系统]Extremities[四肢]Neurology[神经系统]cranial nerves[颅神经]sensation[感觉]Motor[运动]*Special P.E. on diseased organ system[专科情况]*Radiographic Findings[放射]*Laboratory Findings[化验]*Assessment[初步诊断与诊断依据]*Summary[病史小结]*Treatment Plan[治疗计划]4、输血申请单[Blood bank requisition form](1)reason for infusion[输血原因]▲红细胞[packed red cells, wshed RBCs]:*Hb<8.5 [血色素<8.5]*>20% blood volume lost [>20%血容量丢失]*cardio-pulmonary bypass with anticipated Hb <8[心肺分流术伴预计血色素<8]*chemotherapy or surgery with Hb <10[血色素<10的化疗或手术者]▲全血[whole blood]:massive on-going blood loss[大量出血]▲血小板[platelets]:*massive blood transfusion >10 units[输血10单位以上者]*platelet count <50×103/μl with active bleeding or surgery[血小板<5万伴活动性出血或手术者]*Cardio-pulmonary bypass uith pl<100×103/μl with octive bleeding[心肺分流术伴血小板<10万,活动性出血者]*Platelet count <20×103/μl[血板<2万]▲新鲜冰冻血浆[fresh frozen plasma]:*documented abnormal PT or PTT with bleeding or Surgery[PT、PTT异常的出血或手术病人]*specific clotting factor deficiencies with bleeding/surgerg[特殊凝血因子缺乏的出血/手术者]*blood transfusion >15units[输血>15个单位]*warfarin or antifibrinolytic therapy with bleeding[华法令或溶栓治疗后出血]*DIC[血管内弥漫性凝血]*Antithrombin III dficiency[凝血酶III 缺乏](2)输血要求[request for blood components]*patient blood group[血型]*Has the patient had transfusion or pregnancy in the past 3 months? [近3个月,病人是否输过血或怀孕过?]*Type and crossmatch[血型和血交叉]*Units or ml[单位或毫升]5、出院小结[discharge summary]Patient Name[病人姓名]Medical Record No.[病历号]Attending Physician[主治医生]Date of Admission[入院日期]Date of Discharge[出院日期]Pirncipal Diagnosis[主要诊断]Secondary Diagnosis[次要诊断]Complications[并发症]Operation[手术名称]Reason for Admission[入院理由]Physical Findings[阳性体征]Lab/X-ray Findings[化验及放射报告]Hospital Course[住院诊治经过]Condition[出院状况]Disposition[出院去向]Medications[出院用药]Prognosis[预后]Special Instruction to the Patient(diet, physical activity)[出院指导(饮食,活动量)]Follow-up Care[随随访]6、住院/出院病历首页[Admission/discharge record]·Patient name[病人姓名]·race[种族]·address[地址]·religion[宗教]·medical service[科别]·admit (discharge) date[入院(出院)日期]·Length of stay [住院天数]·guarantor name [担保人姓名]·next of kin or person to notify[需通知的亲属姓名]·relation to patient[与病人关系]·previous admit date[上次住院日期]·admitting physician [入院医生]·attending phgsician[主治医生]·admitting diagnosis[入院诊断]·final (principal) diagnosis[最终(主要)诊断]·secondary diagnosis[次要诊断]·adverse reactions (complications)[副作用(合并症)]·incision type[切口类型]·healing course[愈合等级]·operative (non-operative) procedures[手术(非手术)操作]·nosocomial infection[院内感染]·consutants[会诊]·Critical-No. of times[抢救次数]·recovered-No. of times[成功次数]·Diagnosis qualitative analysis[诊断质量]OP.adm.and discharge Dx concur [门诊入院与出院诊断符合率]Clinical and pathological Dx concur[临床与病理诊断符合率]Pre- and post-operative Dx concur [术前术后诊断符合率]·Dx determined with in 24 hours (3 days) after admission[入院后24小时(3天)内确诊]·Discharge status[出院状况]recovered[治愈]improved[好转]not improved[未愈]died [死亡]·Dispositon[去向]home[家]against medical ad[自动出院]autosy[尸检]transferred to[转院到]医学英语常用前后缀医学英语常用前后缀·a-[无,缺] ▲anemia[贫血] atonia[无张力] asymptomatic[无症状的] amenorrhea[闭经] ·ab-[分离] abduct [外展] abscision[切除] ·acou (acu)-[听觉] acumeter [听力计] acouophone[助听器] ·acro-[肢端] acromegaly[肢端肥大症] acromastitis[乳头炎] ·ad (af, an)-[邻近,向上] adrenal [肾上腺] adaxial[近轴的] annexa[附件] ·-ad[……侧] ventrad[向腹侧] cephalad[向头侧] ·adeno-[腺] adenocyte[腺细胞] adenoidism[腺体病] ·adipo-[脂肪] adiposis[肥胖症] adiponecrosis[脂肪坏死] ·adreno-[肾上腺] adrenocorticoid[肾上腺皮质激素] adrenalin[肾上腺素] adrenal[肾上腺] ·-aemia(emia)[血症] bacteremia[菌血症] leukemia[白血病] ·-albi (albino)-[白色] albumin[白蛋白] albinism[白化病] ·-algesia[痛觉] ▲hypoalgesia[痛觉减退] ·-algia[痛] ▲arthralgia[关节痛] ▲cephalgia[头痛] ▲neuralgia[神经痛] ·alkali-[碱] ▲alkalosis[碱中毒] ·alveo-[牙槽,小沟] ▲alveolitis[牙槽炎] ▲alveobronchiolitis[支气管肺泡炎] ·ambi-[复,双] ambiopia[复视] ambivert[双重性格] ·ambly-[弱] ▲amblyopia[弱视] ▲amblyaphia[触觉迟钝] ·amylo-[淀粉] ▲amyloidosis[淀粉酶] ▲amylase[淀粉酶] ·angio-[血管] ▲angiography[血管造影术]▲angioedema[血管性水肿] ▲angeitis[脉管炎] ▲angiofibroma[血管纤维瘤] ·ante-[前]▲antenatal[出生前的] ▲anteflexion[前屈] ·antero-[前] ▲anterolateral[前侧壁]▲anteroventral[前腹侧] ·anti-[抗,反] ▲antibiotics[抗生素] ▲antihypertensives[降压药] ▲anticoagulant[抗凝剂] ·rarchno-[蛛网膜] ▲arachnoiditis[蛛网膜炎] ·archo-[肛门,直肠] ▲archorrhagia[肛门出血] ▲archosyrinx[直肠灌注器] ·arterio-[动脉] ▲arteriospasm[动脉痉挛] ▲arteriosclerosis[动脉硬化] ·arthro-[关节] ▲arthrocentesis[关节穿刺]▲arthrotomy[关节切开术] ▲arthritis[关节炎] ·-ase[酶] ▲oxidase[氧化酶]▲proteinase[蛋白酶] ·-asthenia[无力] ▲myasthenia[肌无力] ▲neurasthenia[神经衰弱] ·audio(audito)-[听力] ▲audiology[听觉学] ▲audiometer[听力计] ·auto-[自己]▲autoimmune[自身免疫] ▲auto hemotherapy[自体血疗法] ·bacilli-[杆菌] ▲bacillosis[杆菌病] ▲bacilluria[杆菌尿] ·bacterio-[细菌] ▲bacteriology[细菌学] ▲bactericide[杀菌剂] ·baro-[压力] ▲barometer [压力计] ▲baroreceptor[压力感受器] ·bary-[迟钝]▲barylalia[言语不清] ▲baryacusia[听觉迟钝] ·bi-[双] ▲bicuspid[二尖瓣]] ▲bilateral[两侧的] ·bili-[胆汁] ▲bilirubin[胆红素] ·bio-[生命] ▲biology[生物学] ▲biopsy[活检] ·-blast[母细胞] ▲spermatoblast[精子细胞] ▲melanoblast[成黑色素细胞]▲osteoblast[成骨细胞] ·brachy-[短] ▲brachypnea[气短] ▲brachydactylia[短指畸形] ·brady-[迟缓] ▲bradycardia[心动过缓] ▲bradypsychia[精神不振] ·broncho-[支气管] ▲bronchoscopy[支气管镜检查] ▲bronchiostenosis[支气管痉挛] ▲bronchitis[支气管炎] ·bronchiolo-[细支气管] ▲bronchiolectasis[细支气管扩张] ·calci-[钙] ▲calcification[钙化] ▲calcicosilicosis[钙沉着症] ·carbo-[碳] ▲carbohydrate[碳水化合物]▲carbohaemia[碳酸血症] ·carcino-[癌] ▲carcinogen[致癌物] ·cardio-[心,贲门]▲cardiotonics[强心剂] ▲cardioplasty[贲门成形术] ·-cele[疝,肿物] ▲omphalocele[脐疝] ▲hysterocele[子宫脱垂] ▲ophthalmocele[眼球突出] ·celio-[腹] ▲celialgia[腹痛]▲celioscopy[腹腔镜检查] ·-centesis[穿刺] ▲arthrocentesis[关节穿刺术]▲abdominocentesis[腹穿] 3 回复:医学英语常用前后缀·cephalo-[头] ▲cephaloxia[斜颈] ▲cephalopathy[头部疾病] ▲cephalotomy[穿颅术] ·cerebello-[小脑] ▲cerebellitis[小脑炎] ▲cerebellum[小脑] ·cerebro-[大脑] ▲cerebritis[大脑炎] ▲cerebrology[脑学] ·chemo-[化学] ▲chemotherapy[化疗] ·chloro-[绿,氯] ▲chloroform[氯仿] ▲chloromycetin[氯霉素] ▲chlorophyll[叶绿素] ·cholangio-[胆道] ▲cholangitis[胆管炎] ▲cholangiectasis[胆管扩张] ·cholo-[胆] ▲cholagogue[利胆剂] ▲cholelithiasis[胆石症] ▲cholecystitis[胆囊炎]▲cholesterol[胆固醇] ·chondro-[软骨] ▲chondrosarcoma[软骨肉瘤] ▲chondrification[骨软化] ·chromo-[色素] ▲cytochrome[细胞色素] ▲chromosome[染色体] ·-cide[杀……剂]▲germicide[杀菌剂] ▲aborticide[堕胎药] ·circum-[周围] ▲circumoral[口周的]▲circumcision[包皮环切术] ·coagulo-[凝固] ▲coagulant[凝血剂] ·colo-[结肠]▲colotomy[结肠切开术] ▲coloptosis[结肠下垂] ·colpo (coleo)-[阴道] ▲coleospastia[阴道痉挛] ▲colposcope[阴道镜] ·contra-[反,逆] ▲contraindication[禁忌证]▲contraceptive[避孕药] ·counter-[反,逆] ▲counteragent[拮抗剂] ▲conuterpoison[解毒剂] ·cranio-[颅] ▲craniomalacia[颅骨软化] ▲cranioclasis[碎颅术] ·-cyst-[囊]▲cystomy[膀胱切开术] ▲dacryocyst[泪囊] ·-cyte-[细胞] ▲lymphocyte[淋巴细胞]▲cytolysis[细胞溶解] ·de-[除去] ▲detoxication[解毒] ·dento[牙] ▲dentistry[牙科学]▲dentalgia[牙痛] ·-derm-[皮肤] ▲epiderm[表皮] ▲dermatology[皮肤病学]▲dermoplasty[皮肤成形术] ·dextro-[右] ▲dextrocardia[右位心] ▲dexiotropic[右旋的] ·dis-[分离] ▲discission[分离术] ▲disinfection[消毒法] ·duodeno-[十二指肠]▲duodenitis[十二指肠炎] ▲duodenostomy[十二指肠造口术] ·-dynia[痛] ▲acrodynia[肢体痛] ▲urethrodynia[尿道痛] ·dys-[异常] ▲dysfunction[功能不良] ▲dyshormonism[内分泌障碍] ▲dysuria[排尿困难] ·-ectasis[扩张] ▲gastroectasis[胃扩张] ▲aerenterectasia[肠胀气] ▲bronchiectasia[支气管扩张] ·-ectomy[切除术] ▲appendectomy[阑尾切除术]▲lipectomy[脂肪切除术] ·-edema[水肿] ▲encephaledema[脑水肿] ▲myxedema[粘液性水肿] ·-emesia[呕] ▲hematemesia[呕血] ▲helminthemesia[吐虫] ·encephalo-[脑]▲encephaloma[脑瘤] ▲encephaledema[脑水肿] ·endo-[内] ▲endocarditis[心内膜炎]▲endoscope[内窥镜] ·entero-[肠] ▲enteritis[肠炎] ▲enterovirus[肠病毒] ·epi-[上,外] ▲epigastrium[上腹部] ·erythro-[红] ▲erythromycin[红霉素] ▲erythroderma[红皮病] ·esophago-[食管] ▲esophagoscope[食管镜] ▲esophagitis[食管炎] ·extra-[……外]▲extracellular[细胞外的] ▲extrasystole[额外收缩] ·facio-[面] ▲facioplegia[面瘫]▲facioplasty[面部成形术] ·-fast[耐] ▲acid-fast[抗酸的] ▲uviofast[耐紫外线] ·febri-[热] ▲febricula[低热] ▲febrifacient[致热的] ·feti-[胎儿] ▲feticulture[妊娠期卫生]▲fetometry[胎儿测量法] ·fibro-[纤维] ▲fibroblast[成纤维细胞] ▲fibrosis[纤维化] ·fore-[前] ▲forebrain[前脑] ▲forehead[前额] ·-form[形状] ▲oviform[卵形的]▲granuliform[颗粒状的] ·fungi-[真菌,霉菌] ▲fungicide[杀真菌剂] ▲fungistasis[制霉菌作用] ·gastro-[胃] ▲gastroptosis[胃下垂] ▲gastroenteritis[胃肠炎] ▲gastroscopy[胃镜检查] ▲gastratrophy[胃萎缩] ·-gen [原,剂] ▲glycogen[糖原] ▲pathogen[病原体]▲androgen[雄激素] ▲Estrogen[雌激素] ·-genic[……性] ▲cardiogenic[心源性的]▲allergenic[变应反应] ·giganto-[巨大] ▲gigantocyte[巨红细胞] ▲gigantism[巨大症] ·gingivo-[牙龈] ▲gingivitis[牙龈炎] ▲gingivostomatitis[牙龈口腔炎] ·glosso-[舌]▲glossoplegia[舌瘫痪] ·gluco-[糖] ▲glucoprotein[糖蛋白] ▲glucocorticoid[糖皮质激素] ·glyco-[糖] ▲glycogen[糖原] ▲glycouria[糖尿] ·-grade[级,度] ▲centigrade[摄氏温度计] ▲retrograde[逆行性] ·-gram[克,图] ▲microgram[微克]▲electroencephalogram[脑电图] ·-graph(y)[……仪(法)] ▲electrocardiogram[心电图] ▲bronchography[支气管造影术] ·gyneco-[妇女] ▲gynecology[妇科学] ▲gynecopathy[妇科病] ·hemo(hemato)-[血] ▲hemoglobin[血红蛋白] ▲ 4 回复:医学英语常用前后缀hematoma[血肿] ·hemi-[半] ▲hemiplegia[偏瘫] ▲hemicrania[偏头病] ·hepato-[肝]▲hepatitis[肝炎] ▲hepatocirrhosis[肝硬化] ▲hepatosplenomegaly[肝脾肿大] ·hidro-[汗] ▲hyperhidrosis[多汗症] ▲anhidrosis[无汗症] ·histo-[组织] ▲histology[组织学]▲histomorphology[组织形态学] ·holo-[全] ▲holonarcosis[全麻] ▲holoenzyme[全酶] ·homo-[同] ▲homotype[同型] ▲homologue[同系物] ▲homoplasty[同种移植术] ·hydro-[水] ▲hydropericardium[心包积水] ▲hydrolysis [水解] ·hypr-[高]▲hypercalcemia[高钙血症] ▲hyperthyroidism[甲亢] ·hypno-[睡眼] ▲hypnotics[安眠药] ▲hypnotherapy[催眠疗法] ·hypo-[低] ▲hypotension[低血压] ▲hypoglycemia[低血糖] ·hystero-[子宫] ▲hysterospasm[子宫痉挛] ▲hysteroptosis[子宫下垂] ·-ia[病]▲melancholia[忧郁症] ▲pyrexia[发热] ·-iatrics[医学] ▲pediatrics[儿科学] ▲geriatrics[老年病学] ·-iatry[医学] ▲psychiatry[精神病学] ▲pediatry[儿科学] ·immuno-[免疫]▲immunoglobulin[免疫球蛋白] ▲immunotherapy[免疫疗法] ·infra-[下] ▲infraorbital[眶下的] ▲infrared[红外线] ·inter-[间] ▲intervertebral[椎间的] ▲intercellular[细胞间的] ·intra-[内] ▲intravenous[静脉内的] ▲intracranial[颅内的] ▲intramuscular[肌肉内的] ·-ist[家] ▲pathologist[病理学家] ▲anatomist[解剖学家] ·-itis[炎症] ▲cellulitis[蜂窝织炎] ▲myocarditis[心肌炎] ·leuco (leuko)-[白] ▲leucorrhea[白带] ▲leukocytosis[白细胞增多] ▲leukemia[白血病] ·lipo-(脂) ▲lipotrophy[脂肪增多] ▲lipase[脂酶] ·-lith[结石]▲cholelith[胆结石] ▲cholelithiasis[胆石症] ·-logy[学] ▲terminology[术语学]▲Cardiology[心脏病学] ·lumbo-[腰] ▲lumbosacral[腰骶部的] ▲lumbago[腰背痛]▲lumbodynia[腰痛] ·lympho-[淋巴] ▲lymphedema[淋巴水肿] ▲lymphocytopenia[淋巴细胞减少] ·-lysis(lytic)[松解,分解了] ▲aythrolysis[关节松解术] ▲spasmolytic[解痉的] ·macro-[大] ▲macrophage[巨噬细胞] ▲macromolecule[大分子] ·mal-[不良]▲malnutrition[营养不良] ▲malfunction[功能不全] ·-megaly[巨大] ▲cardiomegaly[心扩大] ▲cephalomegaly[巨头畸形] ·meningo-[脑膜] ▲meningitis[脑膜炎]▲meningocephalitis[脑膜脑炎] ·meno-[月经] ▲dysmenorrhea[痛经] ▲menopause[停经] ·-meter[表,计] ▲spirometer[肺活量计] ▲pyrometer[高温表] ·-metry[测量法]▲iodometry[碘定量法] ·micro-[小] ▲micropump[微泵] ▲microliter[微升] ·mono-[单-]▲mononucleosis[单核细胞增多] ▲monomer[单体] ·multi-[多] ▲multinuclear[多核的]▲multipara[经产妇] ·myelo-[髓] ▲myelocele[脊髓膨出] ▲myelocyte[髓细胞] ·myo-[肌] ▲myocarditis[心肌炎] ▲myofibroma[肌纤维瘤] ·naso-[鼻] ▲nasoscope[鼻镜]▲nasitis[鼻炎] ·neo-[新] ▲neoplasm[瘤] ▲neomycin[新霉素] ·nephro-[肾]▲nephropathy[肾病] ▲nephrosclerosis[肾硬变] ·neuro-[神经] ▲neuroma[神经瘤]▲neurodermatitis[神经性皮炎] ·non-[非] ▲non-electrolyte[非电解质] ▲nonfetal[非致命的] ·nulli-[无] ▲nullipara[未产妇] ▲nulligravida[未孕妇] ·nutri-[营养] ▲nutrition[营养]▲nutrology[营养学] ·oculo-[眼] ▲oculist[眼科医生] ▲oculus dexter[右眼] ▲oculus sinister[左眼] 5 回复:医学英语常用前后缀·oligo-[少] ▲oligophrenia[智力发育不全]▲oliguria[少尿] ·-oma[肿瘤] ▲adenoma[腺瘤] ▲osteoma[骨瘤] ·onco-[肿瘤]▲oncology[肿瘤学] ▲oncogene[癌基因] ·ophthalmo-[眼] ▲ophthalmocele[眼球突出]▲ophthalmoplegia[眼肌麻痹] ·-osis[病] ▲cirrhosis[肝硬化] ▲mycosis[霉菌病] ·osteo-[骨] ▲osteomalacia[骨软化] ▲osteoarthritis[骨关节炎] ·oto-[耳] ▲otolith[耳石]▲otoplasty[耳成形术] ▲otopyosis[耳化脓] ·pan-[全] ▲panimmunity[多种免疫]▲pantalgia[全身痛] ▲pantatrophia[全身营养不良] ·-para[产妇] ▲primipara[初产妇]▲nullipara[未产妇] ·-pathy[病] ▲dermatopathy[皮肤病] ▲Cardiomyopathy[心肌病] ·pedia-[儿童] ▲pediatrician[儿科医师] ▲pediatrics[儿科学] ·-penia[减少]▲leucopenia[白细胞减少] ▲thrombopenia[血小板减少] ·per-[经] ▲percutaneous[经皮肤的] ·peri-[周围] ▲pericarditis[心包炎] ▲perianal[肛周的] ·pharmaco-[药]▲pharmacokinetics[药代动力学] ▲physicochemistry[药典] ·physio-[物理▲physiotheraphy[理疗] ▲physicochemistry[物理化学] ·-plasty[成形术] ▲angioplasty[血管成形术] ▲homoplasty[同种移植] ▲gastroplasty[胃成形术] ·-plegia[瘫] ▲paraplegia[截瘫] ▲hemiplegia[偏瘫] ·pleuro-[胸膜] ▲pleuritis[胸膜炎] ▲pleurocentesis[胸腔穿刺术] ·-pnea[呼吸] ▲orthopnea[端坐呼吸] ▲tachypnea[呼吸急促] ·pneumo-[气,肺]▲pneumothorax[气胸] ▲pneumococcus[肺炎球菌] ·poly-[多] ▲polyuria[多尿]▲polycholia[胆汗过多] ·post-[后] ▲postpartum[产后] ▲postoperation[术后] ·pre-[前]▲premenopause[绝经前期] ▲premature[早搏] ▲preload[前负荷] ·pseudo-[假]▲psudohypertrophy[假性肥大] ▲psudomembranous[假膜的] ·psycho-[精神,心理]▲psychology[心理学] ▲psychiatry[精神病学] ·-ptosis[下垂] ▲nephroptosis[肾下垂]▲hysteroptosis[子宫下垂] ·-ptysis[咯] ▲pyoptysis[咯脓] ▲hemoptysis[咯血] ·pyo-[脓]▲pyorrhea[溢脓] ▲pyosis[化脓] ·radio-[放射] ▲radiotherapy[放疗] ▲radiology[放射学] ·recto-[直肠] ▲rectitis[直肠炎] ▲rectectomy[直肠切除术] ·retino-[视网膜]▲retinitis[视网膜炎] ▲retinodialysis[视网膜分离] ·rhino-[鼻] ▲rhinitis[鼻炎]▲rhinorrhea[鼻漏] ·-rrhagia[出血] ▲gastorrhagia[胃出血] ▲hemorrhage[出血]▲pneumorrhagia[肺出血] ·-rrhaphy[缝合术] ▲neurorrhaphy[神经缝合术]▲Vasorrhaphy[输卵管缝合术] ·-rrhea[流出] ▲diarrhea[腹泻] ▲menorrhea[月经] ·schisto-[裂] ▲schistosomiasis[血吸虫病] ▲schistoglossia[舌裂] ·scirrho-[硬]▲scirrhosarca[硬皮病] ▲scirrhoma[硬癌] ·sclero-[硬] ▲scleroderma[硬皮病]▲sclerometer[硬度计] ·-scope(y)[镜,检查] ▲stethoscope[听诊器] ▲otoscope[耳镜]▲proctoscopy[直肠镜检查法] ·semi-[半] ▲semicoma[半昏迷] ▲semiliquid[半流汁] ·spondylo-[脊椎] ▲spondylopathy[脊椎病] ▲spondylitis[脊椎炎] ·-stomy[造口术]▲colostomy[结肠造口术] ▲ilecolostomy[回结肠吻合术] ·sub-[下,亚] ▲subacute[亚急性] ▲subabdominal[下腹部的] ·super-[在…上] ▲superficial[浅的] ▲superoxide[超氧化物] ·supra-[上] ▲supraventricular[室上性的] ▲suprarenalism[肾上腺机能亢进] ·tachy-[快] ▲tachycardia[心动过速] ▲tachypnea[呼吸急促] ·-therapy[治疗] ▲massotherapy[按摩治疗] ▲pharmacotherapy[药物治疗] ·thermo-[热] ▲thermometer[温度计]▲thermatology[热疗学] ·thrombo-[血栓,血小板] ▲thrombolysis[溶栓]▲thrombocytopenia[血小板减少症] ▲thrombosis[血] ·-tomy[切开术] ▲tracheotomy[气管切开术] ▲ovariotomy[卵巢切开术] ·tracheo-[气管] ▲tracheoscope[气管镜]▲tracheorrhagia[气管出血] ·trans-[经,转移] ▲transurethral[经尿道] ▲transfusion[输血] ·-trophy[营养] ▲dystrophy[营养不良] ▲atrophy[萎缩] ·ultra-[超过] ▲ultraviolet[紫外线] ▲ultrasound[超声] ·utero-[子宫] ▲uteroscope[子宫镜] ▲uterotonic[宫缩剂] ·vaso-[血管] ▲vasomotion[血管舒缩] ▲Vasodilator[血管扩张剂] 6 回复:医学英语常用前后缀·cephalo-[头] ▲cephaloxia[斜颈] ▲cephalopathy[头部疾病] ▲cephalotomy[穿颅术] ·cerebello-[小脑] ▲cerebellitis[小脑炎] ▲cerebellum[小脑] ·cerebro-[大脑]▲cerebritis[大脑炎] ▲cerebrology[脑学] ·chemo-[化学] ▲chemotherapy[化疗] ·chloro-[绿,氯] ▲chloroform[氯仿] ▲chloromycetin[氯霉素] ▲chlorophyll[叶绿素] ·cholangio-[胆道] ▲cholangitis[胆管炎] ▲cholangiectasis[胆管扩张] ·cholo-[胆]▲cholagogue[利胆剂] ▲cholelithiasis[胆石症] ▲cholecystitis[胆囊炎] ▲cholesterol[胆固醇] ·chondro-[软骨] ▲chondrosarcoma[软骨肉瘤] ▲chondrification[骨软化] ·chromo-[色素] ▲cytochrome[细胞色素] ▲chromosome[染色体] ·-cide[杀……剂] ▲germicide[杀菌剂] ▲aborticide[堕胎药] ·circum-[周围] ▲circumoral[口周的] ▲circumcision[包皮环切术] ·coagulo-[凝固] ▲coagulant[凝血剂] ·colo-[结肠] ▲colotomy[结肠切开术]▲coloptosis[结肠下垂] ·colpo (coleo)-[阴道] ▲coleospastia[阴道痉挛] ▲colposcope[阴道镜] ·contra-[反,逆] ▲contraindication[禁忌证] ▲contraceptive[避孕药] ·counter-[反,逆] ▲counteragent[拮抗剂] ▲conuterpoison[解毒剂] ·cranio-[颅] ▲craniomalacia[颅骨软化] ▲cranioclasis[碎颅术] ·-cyst-[囊] ▲cystomy[膀胱切开术] ▲dacryocyst[泪囊] ·-cyte-[细胞] ▲lymphocyte[淋巴细胞] ▲cytolysis[细胞溶解] ·de-[除去] ▲detoxication[解毒] ·dento[牙] ▲dentistry[牙科学] ▲dentalgia[牙痛] ·-derm-[皮肤] ▲epiderm[表皮] ▲dermatology[皮肤病学] ▲dermoplasty[皮肤成形术] ·dextro-[右] ▲dextrocardia[右位心] ▲dexiotropic[右旋的] ·dis-[分离] ▲discission[分离术] ▲disinfection[消毒法] ·duodeno-[十二指肠]▲duodenitis[十二指肠炎] ▲duodenostomy[十二指肠造口术] ·-dynia[痛] ▲acrodynia[肢体痛] ▲urethrodynia[尿道痛] ·dys-[异常] ▲dysfunction[功能不良] ▲dyshormonism[内分泌障碍] ▲dysuria[排尿困难] ·-ectasis[扩张] ▲gastroectasis[胃扩张] ▲aerenterectasia[肠胀气] ▲bronchiectasia[支气管扩张] ·-ectomy[切除术] ▲appendectomy[阑尾切除术]▲lipectomy[脂肪切除术] ·-edema[水肿] ▲encephaledema[脑水肿] ▲myxedema[粘液性水肿] ·-emesia[呕] ▲hematemesia[呕血] ▲helminthemesia[吐虫] ·encephalo-[脑]▲encephaloma[脑瘤] ▲encephaledema[脑水肿] ·endo-[内] ▲endocarditis[心内膜炎]▲endoscope[内窥镜] ·entero-[肠] ▲enteritis[肠炎] ▲enterovirus[肠病毒] ·epi-[上,外] ▲epigastrium[上腹部] ·erythro-[红] ▲erythromycin[红霉素] ▲erythroderma[红皮病] ·esophago-[食管] ▲esophagoscope[食管镜] ▲esophagitis[食管炎] ·extra-[……外]▲extracellular[细胞外的] ▲extrasystole[额外收缩] ·facio-[面] ▲facioplegia[面瘫]▲facioplasty[面部成形术] ·-fast[耐] ▲acid-fast[抗酸的] ▲uviofast[耐紫外线] ·febri-[热] ▲febricula[低热] ▲febrifacient[致热的] ·feti-[胎儿] ▲feticulture[妊娠期卫生]▲fetometry[胎儿测量法] ·fibro-[纤维] ▲fibroblast[成纤维细胞] 7 回复:医学英语常用前后缀▲fibrosis[纤维化] ·fore-[前] ▲forebrain[前脑] ▲forehead[前额] ·-form[形状]▲oviform[卵形的] ▲granuliform[颗粒状的] ·fungi-[真菌,霉菌] ▲fungicide[杀真菌剂]▲fungistasis[制霉菌作用] ·gastro-[胃] ▲gastroptosis[胃下垂] ▲gastroenteritis[胃肠炎] ▲gastroscopy[胃镜检查] ▲gastratrophy[胃萎缩] ·-gen [原,剂] ▲glycogen[糖原]▲pathogen[病原体] ▲androgen[雄激素] ▲Estrogen[雌激素] ·-genic[……性]▲cardiogenic[心源性的] ▲allergenic[变应反应] ·giganto-[巨大] ▲gigantocyte[巨红细胞] ▲gigantism[巨大症] ·gingivo-[牙龈] ▲gingivitis[牙龈炎] ▲gingivostomatitis[牙龈口腔炎] ·glosso-[舌] ▲glossoplegia[舌瘫痪] ·gluco-[糖] ▲glucoprotein[糖蛋白]▲glucocorticoid[糖皮质激素] ·glyco-[糖] ▲glycogen[糖原] ▲glycouria[糖尿] ·-grade[级,度] ▲centigrade[摄氏温度计] ▲retrograde[逆行性] ·-gram[克,图] ▲microgram[微克] ▲electroencephalogram[脑电图] ·-graph(y)[……仪(法)] ▲electrocardiogram[心电图] ▲bronchography[支气管造影术] ·gyneco-[妇女] ▲gynecology[妇科学] ▲gynecopathy[妇科病] ·hemo(hemato)-[血] ▲hemoglobin[血红蛋白] ▲hematoma[血肿] ·hemi-[半]▲hemiplegia[偏瘫] ▲hemicrania[偏头病] ·hepato-[肝] ▲hepatitis[肝炎]▲hepatocirrhosis[肝硬化] ▲hepatosplenomegaly[肝脾肿大] ·hidro-[汗]▲hyperhidrosis[多汗症] ▲anhidrosis[无汗症] ·histo-[组织] ▲histology[组织学]▲histomorphology[组织形态学] ·holo-[全] ▲holonarcosis[全麻] ▲holoenzyme[全酶] ·homo-[同] ▲homotype[同型] ▲homologue[同系物] ▲homoplasty[同种移植术] ·hydro-[水] ▲hydropericardium[心包积水] ▲hydrolysis [水解] ·hypr-[高]▲hypercalcemia[高钙血症] ▲hyperthyroidism[甲亢] ·hypno-[睡眼] ▲hypnotics[安眠药] ▲hypnotherapy[催眠疗法] ·hypo-[低] ▲hypotension[低血压] ▲hypoglycemia[低血糖] ·hystero-[子宫] ▲hysterospasm[子宫痉挛] ▲hysteroptosis[子宫下垂] ·-ia[病]▲melancholia[忧郁症] ▲pyrexia[发热] ·-iatrics[医学] ▲pediatrics[儿科学] ▲geriatrics[老年病学] ·-iatry[医学] ▲psychiatry[精神病学] ▲pediatry[儿科学] ·immuno-[免疫]▲immunoglobulin[免疫球蛋白] ▲immunotherapy[免疫疗法] ·infra-[下] ▲infraorbital[眶下的] ▲infrared[红外线] ·inter-[间] ▲intervertebral[椎间的] ▲intercellular[细胞间的] ·intra-[内] ▲intravenous[静脉内的] ▲intracranial[颅内的] ▲intramuscular[肌肉内的] ·-ist[家] ▲pathologist[病理学家] ▲anatomist[解剖学家] ·-itis[炎症] ▲cellulitis[蜂窝织炎] ▲myocarditis[心肌炎] ·leuco (leuko)-[白] ▲leucorrhea[白带] ▲leukocytosis[白细胞增多] ▲leukemia[白血病] ·lipo-(脂) ▲lipotrophy[脂肪增多] ▲lipase[脂酶] ·-lith[结石]▲cholelith[胆结石] ▲cholelithiasis[胆石症] ·-logy[学] ▲terminology[术语学]▲Cardiology[心脏病学] ·lumbo-[腰] ▲lumbosacral[腰骶部的] ▲lumbago[腰背痛]▲lumbodynia[腰痛] ·lympho-[淋巴] ▲lymphedema[淋巴水肿] ▲lymphocytopenia[淋巴细胞减少] ·-lysis(lytic)[松解,分解了] ▲aythrolysis[关节松解术] ▲spasmolytic[解痉的] ·macro-[大] ▲macrophage[巨噬细胞] ▲macromolecule[大分子] ·mal-[不良]▲malnutrition[营养不良] ▲malfunction[功能不全] ·-megaly[巨大] ▲cardiomegaly[心扩大] ▲cephalomegaly[巨头畸形] ·meningo-[脑膜] ▲meningitis[脑膜炎]▲meningocephalitis[脑膜脑炎] ·meno-[月经] ▲dysmenorrhea[痛经] ▲menopause[停经] ·-meter[表,计] ▲spirometer[肺活量计] ▲pyrometer[高温表] ·-metry[测量法]▲iodometry[碘定量法] ·micro-[小] ▲micropump[微泵] ▲microliter[微升] ·mono-[单-] ▲mononucleosis[单核细胞增多] ▲monomer[单体] ·multi-[多] ▲multinuclear[多核的]▲multipara[经产妇] ·myelo-[髓] ▲myelocele[脊髓膨出] ▲myelocyte[髓细胞] ·myo-[肌] ▲myocarditis[心肌炎] ▲myofibroma[肌纤维瘤] ·naso-[鼻] ▲nasoscope[鼻镜]▲nasitis[鼻炎] ·neo-[新] ▲neoplasm[瘤] ▲neomycin[新霉素] ·nephro-[肾]▲nephropathy[肾病] ▲nephrosclerosis[肾硬变] ·neuro-[神经] ▲neuroma[神经瘤]▲neurodermatitis[神经性皮炎] ·non-[非] ▲non-electrolyte[非电解质] ▲nonfetal[非致命的] ·nulli-[无] ▲nullipara[未产妇] ▲nulligravida[未孕妇] ·nutri-[营养] ▲nutrition[营养] ▲nutrology[营养学] ·oculo-[眼] ▲oculist[眼科医生] ▲oculus dexter[右眼] ▲oculus sinister[左眼]医学英语缩写一览表医学英语缩写一览表·aa.-of each[各] ·Ab.-antibody[抗体] ·abd.-abdomen[腹部] ·ABG-arterial blood gas[动脉血气] ·abn.-abnormal[异常] ·ABp-arterial blood pressure[动脉压] ·Abs.-absent[无] ·abstr.-abstract[摘要] ·a.c.-before meals[饭前] ·Ach.-actylcholine[乙酰胆碱] ·ACH.-adrenal cortical hormone[肾上腺皮质激素] ·ACT.-active coagulative time[活化凝血时间] ·ACTH.-adrenocorticotripic[促肾上腺皮质激素] ·ad.(add.)-adde[加] ·ad effect.-ad effectum [直到有效] ·ADH.-antidiuretic hormone[抗利尿激素] ·ad lib-at liesure[随意] ·adm.(admin)-adminstration[给药] ·ad us est.-for external use[外用] ·af.-atrial fibrillation[房颤] ·aF.-atrial flutter[房扑] ·A/G ratio.-albumin-globulin ratio[白-球蛋白比] ·AIDS.-acquired immune deficiency syndrome[爱滋病] ·al.-left ear[左耳] ·alb.-albumin[白蛋白] ·AM.-before noon[上午] ·amb.-ambulance[救护车] ·amp.(ampul)-ampoule[安瓿] ·ANA.-anesthesia[麻醉] ·anal.-analgesic[镇痛药] ·ap.-before dinner[饭前] ·appr.(approx.)-approximately [大约] ·AR.-aortic regurgitation[主闭] ·AS.-aortic stenosis[主狭] ·ASA.-aspirin[阿斯匹林] ·ASD.-atrial septal defect[房缺] ·AST.-aspartate transaminase[谷草转氨酶] ·atm.(atmos.)-atomsphere[大气压] ·ATS.-antitetanic serum[抗破伤风血清] ·av.-average[平均] ·Ba.-Barium[钡] ·BBT.-basal body temperature[基础体温] ·BCG.-bacille Calmette- Guerin[卡介苗] ·biblio.-biliography[参考文献] ·bid.-twice a day[每日二次] ·b.m.-basal metabolism[基础代谢] ·Bp.-blood pressure[血压] ·bpm-baets per minute[次/分] ·BS.-blood sugar[血糖] ·BW.-body weight[体重] ·C.- centigrade[摄氏温度计] ·CA.-carcinoma[癌] ·Cal.-cancer[癌] ·Cal. – calorie[卡] ·Cap. –capsule[囊] ·C.B.C-complete blood count[血常规] ·CC.-chief complaint[主诉] ·CC.list.-critical condition list[病危通知单] ·CCU.- Coronary care unit[冠心病监护室] ·CD.-caesarean delivered[剖腹产] ·CDC.-calculated date of confinement[预产期] ·CEA.-carcinoembryonic antigen[癌胚抗原] ·CG.-control group[对照组] ·CK.-creatine kinase[肌酸激酶] ·Cl.-centilitre[毫开] ·cm.-centimetre[毫米] ·CNS.-central nervoussystem[中枢神经系统] ·Co.-compound[复方] ·contra.-contraindicated[禁忌] ·CT.- computerized tomography[计算机断层扫描] ·C.V-curriculum vitae[简历] ·DBp-diastolic blood pressure[舒张压] ·DD.- differential diagnosis[鉴别诊断] ·dept.-department[科] ·diag.-diagonsis[诊断] ·DIC-disseminate intravascular coagulation[弥漫性血管内凝血] ·dl.-deciliter[分升] ·DM.-diabetic mellitus[糖尿病] ·DM.-diastolic murmur[舒张期杂音] ·D.O.A-dead on arrival[到达时已死亡] ·DOB.-date of birth[出生日期] ·Dr.-doctor[医生] ·DIW.-dextrose in water[葡萄糖液] ·D-5-W,-5% dextrose in water[5%葡萄糖液] ·DU-duodenal ulcer[十二指肠溃疡] ·ECG.(EKG.)- electrocardiograph[心电图] ·ECHO .-echogram[超声] ·EDD.(EDC)-expected date of delivery (confinement)[预产期] ·ENT. – ears, nose and throat[五官科] ·EMG. –electromyogram[肌电图] ·ER. – emergency room[急诊室] ·et al.-and elsewhere[等等] ·etc. – and so forth[等等] ·F.(Fahr.)-Fahrenheit [华氏] ·F- Female[女性] ·F.B.S.- fasting blood sugar[空腹血糖] ·FDP.-fibrinogen degradation products[纤维蛋白原降解产物] ·FFA. – free fatty acid[游离脂肪酸] ·FUO. – fever of unknown origin[不明原因发热] ·FX. – fracture [骨折] ·GH. – growth hormone[生长素] ·GI.- gastrointestinal[消化] ·GITS. – gastrointestinal therapy system[胃肠治疗系统] ·gtt. – drops[滴] ·GU.- gastric ulcer[胃溃疡] ·Hb. –hemoglobin[血红蛋白] ·HBp.-high blood pressure[高血压] ·HCG. – human choroionic gonadotropic hormone[人绒毛膜促性腺激素] ·HDL.- high density lipoprotein[高密度脂蛋白] ·HR.-heart rate[心率] ·ht.-height[身高] ·HTN.-hypertension[高血压] ·Hx.-history [病历] ·Hypo.-hypodermic injection[皮下注射] ·IABP.-intra – aortic balloon pacing[主动脉内囊反搏] ·I/O.-intake and output [进出量] ·ICU. – intensive care unit[重症监护病房] ·ie. –that is [即] ·Ig. – immunoglobulin[免疫球蛋白] ·Im. – iutramuscular[肌内的] ·INH.- inhalation[吸入] ·INH.- isoniazid[异烟肼] ·Inj.- injection[注射] ·Int.- intern[实习生] ·IP.- in-patient[住院病入] ·Iu.- international unit[国防单位] ·IV.-intravenously[静脉内] ·J.- joule[焦耳] ·K.U.B- Kidney,ureter and bladder[肾、输尿管和膀胱] ·LBp.-low blood pressure [低血压] ·LC. – laparoscopic cholecystectomy[腹腔镜胆囊切除术] ·LDL.-Low density lipoprotein[低密度脂蛋白] ·Liq. – liquid[液体] ·LMP.- last menstrual period[未次月经] ·LP. –lumbar puncture[腰穿] ·M. –male[男性] ·MCD.-mean corpuscular diameter[平均红细胞直径] ·MCH.-mean corpuscular hemoglobin[平均红细胞血红蛋白量] ·MCHC.-mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration[平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度] ·MCV.-mean corpuscular volume[平均红细胞体积] ·MI.-myocardial infarction[心梗] ·min.-minute[分] ·mixt。
MTI翻译专有名词NAFTA 北美自由贸易区= North American Free Trade Agreement of Canada, Mexico and the .EFTA/AFTA 欧洲自由贸易区/东盟自由贸易区APEC 亚太经济合作组织=Asia-Pacific Economic CooperationASEAN 东南亚国家联盟=Association of South East Asian NationsNATO 北大西洋公约组织=North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationInternational Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织European Free Trade Association 欧洲自由贸易联盟International Atomic Energy Agency 国际原子能机构WWF 世界自然基金会=World Wildlife FundICC 国际商务委员会(美洲国际)= The Interstate Commerce Commission of 世界贸易组织/世界旅游组织= World Trade Organization/ World Tourism Organization= Warsaw Treaty Organization 华沙条约组织WHO 世界卫生组织= World Health OrganizationUNSECO 联合国教科文组织=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UN = Unites Nations 联合国Security Council 安理会NASA 美国国家航天局=National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationA@ at 每against all risks 全险ac account 帐目AC account current 往来帐目acc acceptance;accepted 承兑;已承兑a good brand 任何名牌ao account of 记入...帐目. additional premium 附加保险. all risks 全险AS;accs account sales 售货清单av;AV average 平均数BBB bill book 出纳簿BD bank draft 银行汇票bd. bond 债券bds. boards 董事会BE bill of exchange 汇票bk. bank book 帐簿bkg. banking 银行业BL bill of lading 提货单bank post bill 银行汇票BR bank rate 银行贴现率BR;. bill receivable 应收票据;. balance sheet 资产负债表bt bought 购入CC currency,coupon 现金,息单canclg. cancelling 取消cat. catalogue 目录CB cash book 现金簿CD cash dividend 现金折扣. cum dividend 付股息报关单C andD collection and delivery 收款发货cert. certificate 证明CF carried forward 转下页cge. carriage 运费CH custom house 海关charges prepaid 预付费cl certificate insurance 保险证明书c&l cost and insurance 保险费在内价CIF cost,insurance and freight 到岸价格CO cash order 现金汇票change over to 转入COD cash on delivery 货到付款com. commercialcommission 商业;佣金cont. contract 合同cr. credit 货方ctge cartage 车费cur. current 本月;现付CWO cash with order 订货即付款cy. currency 货币DDC. deviation 贴现dd. delivered 交付de. deferred 延期deg. degree 等级dft. draft 汇票div dividend;division 红利;部门DN debit note 欠单;借项清单dols. dollars 美元. dock receipt 存款收条DW deposit warrant 码头仓单dely. delivery 交付Eea. each 每. ex dividend 股息除外eq. equivalent 等值exd. examined 已检查exs. expenses 费用Ffree of income tax 免所得税FOB free on board 离岸价格FO for order 准备出售;FP fully paid 付讫frt. freight 运费Ggross weight 毛重good till cancelled 未注销前有效H-Z1HHp horse power 马力 horse power nominal 标称马力IIB invoice book 发票簿ib ibidem(in the same place) 同前;出处同上IL import licence 进口许可证int. interest 利息inv. invoice 发票IOU I owe you 借据,欠条JJA joint account 共同帐户LLC letter of credit 信用证led. ledger 总帐簿LIP life insurance policy 人寿保险单LS locus sigil(place of seal) 盖印处MMA my account 本人帐户MC marginal credit 限界信贷MD memorandum of deposit 存款单min minimum,minute 最低额;分钟mks. marks 商标Mo money order 邮汇mos. months 月NNE;ne no effects 无存款ND no dated 未注明日期no funds 无款NM no mark 无商标;无标志NP notary public 公证人OA on account of 因为od on demand 见票即付PPA private account 私人帐户PC price current 时价表pc. prices;piece 价格;个 petty cash book 零用现金簿pkg. package 包裹PN promissory note 期票PO postal order 汇票POB post office box 邮政信箱ppd. prepaid 预付pref. preference or preferred 优先prox. proximo(of the next month) 下月(拉)please turn over 转下页Q. quod vide(which see) 请查阅. query 查核RRD refer to drawer(banking) 请与出票接洽re. with referece to 关于recd. received 收到. reinsurance 再保险receipt for a loan 借据;欠条RSVP reply please 候复sect. section 部分sgd signed 已签署shr. share 股份std. standard 标准,本价stk. stock 存货,股票TTMO telegraph 电汇票TT;TT telegraphic transfers 电汇汇票VV;VS versus(against) 对,相反vid vide(see) 参阅viz. videlicet(namely) 即vending list 售货清单Wwith regard to 关于1 C&F(cost&freight)成本加运费价2 TT(telegraphic transfer)电汇3 DP(document against payment)付款交单4 DA (document against acceptance)承兑交单5 C.O (certificate of origin)一般原产地证6 G..(generalized system of preferences)普惠制7 CTNCTNS(cartoncartons)纸箱8 PCEPCS(piecepieces)只、个、支等9 DLDLS(dollardollars)美元10 DOZDZ(dozen)一打11 PKG(package)一包,一捆,一扎,一件等13 G.W.(gross weight)毛重14 .(net weight)净重15 CD (customs declaration)报关单16 EA(each)每个,各17 W (with)具有18 wo(without)没有19 FAC(facsimile)传真20 IMP(import)进口21 EXP(export)出口22 MAX (maximum)最大的、最大限度的23 MIN (minimum)最小的,最低限度24 M 或MED (medium)中等,中级的25 MV(merchant vessel)商船26 (steamship)船运27 MT或MT(metric ton)公吨28 DOC (document)文件、单据29 INT(international)国际的30 PL (packing list)装箱单、明细表32 PCT (percent)百分比33 REF (reference)参考、查价34 EMS (express mail special)特快传递35 STL.(style)式样、款式、类型36 T或LTX或TX(telex)电传37 RMB(renminbi)人民币38 SM (shipping marks)装船标记39 PR或PRC(price) 价格40 PUR (purchase)购买、购货41 SC(sales contract)销售确认书42 LC (letter of credit)信用证43 BL (bill of lading)提单44 FOB (free on board)离岸价45 CIF (cost,insurance&freight)成本、保险加运费价补充:CR=credit贷方,债主DR=debt借贷方卡,是你从银行或者财政公司借钱,银行或公司是“贷方”,所就叫credit.) Exp=Expense花费,费用OH=overhead常用开支TC=total cost总费用FC=fixed cost常设费用VC=variable cost变动费用P=profit竟利润S=sales销售总额Rev=revenue利润MC=marginal cost费用差额GM=gross margin毛利MR=marginal revenue利润差额AR=acount receivable 应收款(销售后,记账以后收取。