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八种时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时(经常,反复,爱好,特点,条件,真理) do; does am;is;are done一般过去时(过去发生的事,不强调现在的结果) did; -ed was;were done一般将来时(将要发生的事) will do will be done现在进行时(现在正在发生的事) am;is;are doing am;is;are being done过去进行时(当时正在发生的事) was;were doing was;were being done现在完成时(过去发生的事,强调现在的结果) have;has done have;has been done过去完成时(过去完成的事；过去以前发生的事) had done had been done过去将来时(过去将要发生的事) would do would be done八种时态：• He is always ready to help others. 一般现在时• She often came to help us in those days.一般过去式• He is doing his homework now. 现在进行时• At that time she was doing her homework.过去进行时• I've written an article.现在完成时• By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books 。
过去完成时• It is going to rain.一般将来时• I asked who was going there. 过去将来时一般现在时1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2.时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,3.基本结构：动词原形（如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式）4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。
英语时态初中阶段应掌握的时态共有八种，即一般现在时，一般将来时，一般过去时，现在进行时，过去进行时，过去将来时，现在完成时，过去完成时。
现从结构，作用，时间状语三方面加以介绍。
一、一般现在时其结构为：be动词肯定句主语+am，is，are+其它。
否定句主语+am，is，are + not+其它。
一般疑问句 Am，Is，Are+主语+其它？特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+am，is，are+主语+其它？实意动词1）主语为第一，二人称及第三人称复数时肯定句主语+动词原形+其它。
否定句主语+don't+动词原形+其它。
一般疑问句 Do +主语+动词原形+其它？特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+do+主语+动词原形+其它？2）主语为第三人称单数时肯定句主语+动词第三人称单数 +其它。
否定句主语+doesn't+动词原形+其它。
一般疑问句 Does+主语+动词原形+其它？特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+does+主语+动词原形+其它？其作用为：表示习惯性，经常性的动作；表示现在的状态与特征；表示普遍真理其常用时间状语为often，always，usually，sometimes，everyday(week，year...), in the morning （afternoon，evening）等。
Ex . 1. _______ she _______ (go)to the library every Sunday?此题为习惯性动作，答案为Does，go.2.They often _______(swim)in summer.此题为经常性动作，答案为swim.3.______(be)everyone here?此题表示现在的状态,答案为Is.4.The earth______(travel) round the sun.此题表示普遍真理,答案为travels.二、一般过去时其结构为：be动词肯定句主语+was，were+其它。
现在完成时意义：He has lived here for many years.2.强调后果/影响I have read the book .结构：时间状语：(1)since 的用法Since+时间点I have lived here since 2022.一段时间+ago I have lived here since two years ago.+从句(用一般过去时）常见句型：It is + 一段时间+since从句主句（完成时）+since(一般过去时）It is seven years since I met him last time.He has learned 2000 words since he went to school.（2）For+时间段We have known each other for five years.(3)already(用于肯定句中）/yet (用与否定句或疑问句中）just/everrecently( in recent years)before never等（just now是一般过去时的时间状语）I have just finished my homework.Have you ever seen one like this?(4So far /in the past few years等，表示：“目前为止”非延续性动词延续性动词非延续性动词延续性动词Borrow Keep Fall asleep Be asleep buy have Catch a cold Have a cold leave Be away Begin/start Be ondie Be dead open Be open Come (to)Be in/at close Be closed区分Have gone to去了没回Have been to去了回来（常与次数once/twice/基数词+times连用）Have been in在某地呆了多久例句：（1）You can’t see her because he has gone to Sibo.（2）He has been to Sibo twice.（3）He has been in this city for two years.备注：Here/there/home 不与介词连用。
英语时态8种基本语态英语时态大致可以分为8种基本语态，包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时。
一般现在时表示当前状态或习惯性动作。
例如：I play basketball every Sunday. 我每周日打篮球。
一般过去时表示过去的某个时刻发生的动作或状态。
例如：I studied English yesterday. 我昨天学习了英语。
一般将来时表示将来会发生的动作或状态。
例如：I will go to Shanghai next month. 我下个月会去上海。
现在进行时表示正在进行的动作或状态。
例如：I am reading a book now. 我现在正在看书。
过去进行时表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作或状态。
例如：I was studying English at 2 o’clock yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午2点我正在学英语。
将来进行时表示将来某个时刻正在进行的动作或状态。
例如：I will be studying English at 2 o’clock tomorrow afternoon.明天下午2点我会在学习英语。
现在完成时表示从过去某个时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，或者表达已完成的动作对现在的影响。
例如：I have lived in Beijing for 10 years. 我在北京已经住了10年了。
过去完成时表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作或状态。
例如：I had finished my work before he came. 在他到达之前，我已经完成了我的工作。
英语常用的八种语态
1. 一般现在时态 (Simple Present Tense)
主动语态：主语 + 动词原形
被动语态：主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词
2. 一般过去时态 (Simple Past Tense)
主动语态：主语 + 过去式
被动语态：主语 + was/were + 过去分词
3. 现在进行时态 (Present Continuous Tense) 主动语态：主语 + am/is/are + 现在分词
被动语态：主语 + am/is/are + being + 过去分词
4. 过去进行时态 (Past Continuous Tense)
主动语态：主语 + was/were + 现在分词
被动语态：主语 + was/were + being + 过去分词
5. 现在完成时态 (Present Perfect Tense)
主动语态：主语 + have/has + 过去分词
被动语态：主语 + have/has + been + 过去分词6. 过去完成时态 (Past Perfect Tense)
主动语态：主语 + had + 过去分词
被动语态：主语 + had + been + 过去分词
7. 将来时态 (Future Tense)
主动语态：主语 + will/shall + 动词原形
被动语态：主语 + will/shall + be + 过去分词
8. 将来完成时态 (Future Perfect Tense)
主动语态：主语 + will/shall + have + 过去分词
被动语态：主语 + will/shall + have + been + 过去分词。
英语八种时态及语态一．现在进行时态（正在进行）1．结构：Be + V- ing . 被动语态结构am/is /are + being+ p.p2．关键词；look , listen , now, at the moment , at presente. g The students ----------( play ) at five o’clock in the afternoon.二．一般现在时态（经常性，反复性）1．结构 A. be型am/ is are + n / adj/ prep phrase被动语态结构am/is/are +p.pe. g I am a student . / He is tired . / They are at home.一般疑问句将be 提前，否定句在be 后加not.B．行为动词：1). S+ V （主语除第三人称单数）e. g We study English. / Do you study English ? / We don’t study English. 一般疑问句加助动词do ,否定句加助动词don’t.They do their homework. / Do they do their homework ? / They don’t do their homework.2). S + V（单三）。
主语是第三人称（he, she, your mother, lily）; 动词第三人称变化相当于名词变复数。
E. g His brother studies hard every day. /Does his brother study hard every day ?His brother doesn’t study hard every day.一般疑问句在加Does, 否定句加doesn’t. 后要还原动词原形。
e. g Her sister does some cooking in the evening. / Does her sister do some cooking in theevening .? Her sister doesn’t do some cooking in the evening.3. 关键词：every day ( week / month / year) / in the morning ( afternoon / evening)On Monday (s) at weekend (s)Always /often / usually /sometimes= at times. Once a week （how often）三．一般过去时态（过去的动作，状态）1．结构。
初中英语八大时态语态总复习一、一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays(=every Sunday) , etc.基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。
二、一般过去时：概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语：ago,yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。
三、现在进行时：概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.基本结构：am/is/are+doing否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。
四、过去进行时：概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
语中常见的时态有8种--- 一般现在时/一般过去时；现在进行时/过去进行时；一般将来时/过去将来时；现在完成时/过去完成时。
另外还有现在完成进行时/过去完成进行时，将来完成时，将来进行时。
一关于一般现在时（第三人称动词后加” s” 或“es” ）（1）表示经常性、习惯性动作。
（2）普遍真理、自然现象，谚语、报刊标题等（3）代替将来时（主从句均为将来时时，代替从句中的将来时）（4）以here ,there 开头的句子中，动词go come 等用现在时代替进行时Here comes the bus. There goes the bell.二关于一般过去时（谓语构成: V +ed, 注意不规则动词的构成）（1）表过去经常性、习惯性动。
（注意比较would do/ used to do ）She often came to visit us when she was there.Whenever I went to Beijing, he would come to guide me.(2) 过去某一时刻发生的动作。
三关于现在进行时（am/is/are + ving）(1) 表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。
How are getting along with your studies these days?More and more people are giving up smoking.(2) 表将来，用于从句中，可代替将来时。
常用于瞬间动词，如come, go, leave, arrive, die 等，常表示渐进或安排要进行的动作。
If she is doing her homew ork, don’t interrupt her.He is dying.注意：系动词look, feel, taste, smell, sound, prove,等及心理活动的动词want, mean, mind, hope, understand, know, like, dislike ,love, prefer, hate ,doubt等一般不用进行时。
初中英语八种时态一览表（以do为例）
例句：
1. He often reads magazines after class.
2. Tom always wants to go swimming in summer.
3. Lucy has a twin sister Lily.
4. There is a big tree in front of our classroom.
5. People sometimes make friends by doing exercise.
6. We have an English class on Mondays.
7. The boy is tall.
8. Three times three is nine.
9. We began to learn English two years ago.
10. I was glad to get your letter.
11. When Edison was a child, he often asked questions.
12. I will be here at ten o’clock tomorrow.
13. I am going to see him next Tuesday.
14. Shall I open the window?
15. I am writing a letter now.
16. We are preparing for the exams.
17. He is leaving for Beijing next week.
18. The rain has stoppe d already.
19. I have never seen such a film before.
20. I haven’t seen him for three days.
21. He has lived here since 1992.
22. I have seen this film three times.
23. What were you doing at 9:30 yesterday morning?
24. I was writing while he was reading.
25. He said he would go to Shanghai soon.
26. We had learnt over 1200 words by the end of last term.
27. He had gone home before I got to his office.
28. He said he had returned the book to the library.
练习：用所给的动词的适当形式填空。
1. He always (go) to school by bus.
2. –Where is Tom?
--He (mend) his bike in the garden.
3. Mr. Wang (leave) Shanghai more than 10 years ago. Last week he flew back, and was surprised to see that Shanghai
(change) a lot. He said he (spend) the rest of his live here.
4. We (help) the farmers with the apple picking last week.
5. My aunt (work) in the hospital for 8 years.
6. The rain (stop). Shall we go on with our volleyball match?
7. Xiao Ming (write) a letter to his friend last night.
8. Your mother (wash) clothes when I came to your home
yesterday.
9. He (wait) for me since I went out.
10. He said he (see) the film before.
11. It’s six o’clock now, Jack (deliver) newspapers.
12. The postcard (cost) me twenty Yuan.
13. you (visit) the museum tomorrow?
14. When the first bus (start) in the morning?
15. I (not finish) the novel(小说), but it’s time (give)
back.
初中英语被动语态用法小结
一、语态概述
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
例如：Many people speak Chinese.
谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。
例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 英语English是动词speak的承受者。
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时：am／is/are＋spoken
一般过去时：was／were＋spoken
一般将来时：will／shall be＋spoken
现在进行时：am／is／are being＋spoken
过去进行时：was/were being＋spoken
现在完成时：have／has been＋spoken
过去完成时：had been + spoken
三、被动语态的用法
（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。
（不知道电脑是谁偷的）
This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。
（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。
This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。
Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
五、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成。
We can repair this watch in two days.
This watch can be repaired in two days.
They should do it at once.
It should be done at once.。
