Interstellar Molecules

The Universe and AstronomyThe beautiful pictures you saw are of the universe, our universe. It looks so mysterious that we can’t help thinking through our mind. How does the universe come about? What will it be like in the future? And is there extraterrestrial life anywhere in the universe? With so many questions, people started researching the universe and a new subject has come into being. That’s astronomy. It is a subject that observes celestial bodies in the universe, the structure and development of the universe.Five or six thousand years ago, the ancient people used to look up into the sky. The astronomers started making calendars and schedule time and direction by observing the sun and the moon. Astronomy played a very important part in early human civilization. There are many remains of astronomical observatories, such as the pyramids in Egypt and the stonehenge in Australia.Geocentric theory, put forward by Ptolemy, an astronomer, in the second century, ruled the understanding of the universe in western countries for over 1000 years. Until the 16th century, the famous astronomer, Copernicus, put forward a new theory, heliocentric theory. Then in 1610, an Polish astronomer, Galileo made the first refractor. For the firsttime in human history, he saw sunspot, the surface of the moon and some other planets by the telescope. Then in the 1950s,radio telescope began to be used.Microwave background radiation, pulsar, quasar and interstellar molecules were regarded as ‘four great discoveries of astronomy’ in the 1960s. At the same time, human beings can go into the universe to observe celestial bodies, breaking the restrict of the earth. These played a great role in the development of space astronomy and also influenced modern astronomy a lot. Astronomy is a subject that observes celestial bodies in the universe, the structure and development of the universe. So, how does the universe come about? Now scientists think it derived from an incredible Big Bang over thirteen billion years ago. It has been expanding from then on. Scientists thought that the expansion would slow down with gravitation of planets, but to their surprise, the expansion is expediting. Why? Then scientists discovered a new kind of energy---dark energy. The discovery of the dark energy challenged the theory of physics and it may forebode a great change of physics. Is what we have learnt truth or idola? Time and researches will tell.Now I’d like to introduce some horoscopes to you.This is Orion. It is like a strong hunter holding a stick. And thisis the famous Horsehead Nebula ( Barnard33) in Orion.This is the Canes Vanetici. It looks like two hounds. This one is called Hevelins. This one is called Asterion. And This is the famous spiral galaxy---M51. It is embodied in Messier's Catalog. This is Sombrero Galaxy (M104). It just like a huge sombrero. There are so many stars and planets in the universe. So is there any life in the universe besides us? Scientists have been working on searching for extraterrestrial life for a long time. The most biggest and famous project of looking for extraterrestrial life is SETI in America. It receives and analyzes messages from the universe. But there has been no result yet. We hope that if there are ETs somewhere in the universe, they will send friendly messages to us one day.As we know, 2009 is the International Year of Astronomy in memory of Galileo’s first use of telescope 400 years ago. So I’d like to end my speech with the slogan of the International Year of Astronomy. The Universe, Yours to Discover!。

关于霍金的英文简介斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金,英国剑桥大学著名物理学家，是现代最伟大的物理学家之一，也是20世纪享有国际盛誉的伟人之一，下面是小编为你整理的关于霍金的英文简介，希望对你有用!斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金学术思想Time MachineBritish famous astrophysicist Stephen William Hawking following the recognition of the existence of aliens, but also issued a stunning discussion: he claimed that with the human flying into the future of the time machine, theoretically feasible, the required conditions include space In the wormhole or speed close to the speed of light of the spacecraft. However, Hawking also warned not to take time to go back to history, because "only crazy scientists, will want to go back to the past 'upside down causal'.Physicist Hawking, in a documentary about the universe, notes that mankind can build a spacecraft close to the speed of light and be able to enter the future. Hawking even said that he was worried about others as a "weirdo", so he did not dare to speak, do not want to talk about the time machine things, until the documentary after the generous discussion.Time gapAs for the key point of time machine, Hawking stressed that the so-called "four degrees of space", scientists named "wormhole." Hawking stressed that "wormhole" in our surroundings, but small to the naked eye can not see, they exist in space and time cracks.He pointed out that the universe is not flat or solid, close to the observation will find all objects will appear small holes or wrinkles, which is the basic physical law, and apply to time. Time also has subtle cracks, wrinkles and voids, than the molecules, atoms also small space is named "quantum bubble", "wormhole" exists in them.return to the pastHawking pointed out that the theory of time tunnel or "wormhole" can not only carry humans to other planets, if the wormhole at both ends of the same location, and time rather than distance, then the spacecraft can fly into, after flying still Close to the earth, just into the so-called "distant past". Because in the 4-degree space, 10 minutes may be n hours. But Hawking warned, do not take time to go back to history.Fly to the futureSteven William Hawking said that if scientists can build a spacecraft close to the speed of light, then the spacecraftwill inevitably because it can not violate the speed of light is the maximum speed limit law, resulting in the cabin time slows down, then the flight is equal to a week 100 years on the ground, it is equivalent to fly into the future.Hawking lift artificial satellite, for example, refers to the satellite in orbit, due to the impact of the Earth's gravity is small, the satellite time is slightly faster than the ground time. As a result, Hawking envisioned a large speed universe ship, can be accelerated in 1 second to 97,000 km per hour, 6 years to accelerate to 99.99% of the speed of light, faster than the history of the fastest ship Apollo 10 times. The passengers on board the ship is disguised to the future, making a real time travel.Four degrees of spaceEven in space, everything has a length of time, in time roaming, means through the "4 degrees space."Hawking, for example, pointed out that driving straight line is equal to the "1 degree space" in the road, and turn left or right is equal to plus "2 degrees space", as in the meandering mountain road up and down, it is equivalent to enter the "3 degree space " Crossing the time tunnel is to enter the "4 degrees space."Alien theoryStephen Hawking in the United States to explore the channel April 25, 20xx broadcast documentary "follow Stephen Hawking into the universe," said that the possibility of alien existence is great, but humans should not take the initiative to find them, make every effort Avoid contact with them.Hawking believes that, in view of the alien may be looted the Earth's resources and then sped away, the human initiative to seek contact with them "some too risky." "If the aliens visited us, I thought the results could be similar to that of Christopher Columbus in the American continent, which was not a good thing for the local Indians.However, there are many experts on the "alien threat theory" expressed doubts. They from the alien's wisdom and technology, and even human self-alien psychological role to illustrate the alien people do not pose a threat to the earth. Chinese linguist and mathematician Zhou Haizhong said that if aliens can come to Earth, that their civilization is far more than our human; the higher the degree of civilization, the lower the possibility of violent tendencies. He believes that the threat of aliens is completely unnecessary, because as long as the wisdom of life, their rationality determines how they treatother intelligent life; aliens and the future of the earth is able to peaceful coexistence, friendly cooperation And common development. Coincidentally, American astronomer David Morrison also said that if a civilization can exist for hundreds of thousands of years, then it must be more advanced than human. This civilization will certainly solve a series of problems we face, so there is no need to invade the earth. He even believes that aliens are "peace messengers" and are friendly and cute, and said humorously, "If the aliens visit, I will treat them well." Nobel Prize in physics, the American astrophysicist George Mute eyes, "alien threat theory" all the worries are unfounded.Interstellar immigrationHawking in August 20xx to accept the US intellectual video sharing site BigThink interview, and then exposing remarks, said the Earth will be destroyed within 200 years, and human beings want to continue to survive only one way: immigration planets.Hawking said that if humans want to continue, they must immigrate to Mars or other planets, and the Earth will sooner or later die. Hawking said: "Human beings have entered an increasingly dangerous period, we have experienced a number ofevents related to life and death.As the human gene carried by the 'selfish, greedy' genetic code, humans are a little bit of plunder of the earth resources, Humans can not put all the eggs in a basket, so they can not put a bet on a planet.Academic betsHawking liked some scientific propositions, gambling with other scholars, and sometimes became a scientific scholar.1. Can you find the Higgs boson?Hawking made a bet with Professor Gordon of the University of Michigan: CERN would not find the Higgs boson.Higgs boson is the famous British physicist Higgs and other colleagues after a long period of painstaking research, waiting for 48 years, only to find the Higgs boson, also known as "God particles."2. Does the black hole exist?Set of energy to study the black hole of Hawking, had worried that the black hole may be just a theoretical concept, and the reality does not exist. He became nothing when he was free, and in 1975 he was gambling with another physicist, Kip Thorne, whether the black hole existed.The presence of naked singularityIn 1991, Hawking also asked to open the gambling, the Thornand his standing in the same front, the bet on the side of the physicist Pei Shiji (John Preskill). The proposition at that time was whether the singularity should be surrounded by a black hole, but whether there was a "naked singularities" surrounded by a black hole.Hawking and Thorne bet: the naked spot does not exist, then with the Berez set the gambling, who lost to the other side to send a used to "cover nudity" T-shirts, write the appropriate clothes to lose words. Hawking amended his theory in 1997, pointing out that naked singularity may exist.High dimensional spaceAccording to the M theory proposed in the 1990s (a kind of superstring theory), the universe is eleven dimensions, composed of the plane of vibration. In Einstein, the universe is only four-dimensional (three-dimensional space andone-dimensional time), modern physics is that there are seven-dimensional space we can not see.How does the scientist explain the difference between what we have known and what may exist but not perceived? They make an analogy: an ant travels on a piece of paper, Or left, forward or backward. It is high and low meaningless, that is to say, the third dimension of the space is there, not known by the ants.Likewise, our world is made up of four-dimensional data (three spatial dimensions, one time dimension), and we are not aware of all other dimensions.According to the physicist's view there should be seven dimensions. Despite having so many dimensions, these dimensions are invisible, and they themselves are rolled together, known as compressed dimensions. In order to clarify this view, let us to ants as an example to start our imagination. We can imagine, the ants in the above walking paper roll up, until rolled into a cylindrical. If the ants walk along the paper wall, and finally it will return to the starting point, which is an example of compressed dimension. If you can take along the famous Mobius, the above phenomenon will occur, of course, it is three-dimensional, but if you walk along it, will always return to the starting point. Mobius is compressed from the perspective of the dimension, according to the physics it has three dimensions, but who walking in the above, can only be recognized as a dimension. This is a bit like the people on the left: up or down, but never come to an end. If the ant is not walking along the curved wall of the paper tube, it will never return to the original starting point. This is an example of two dimensions (or the kind of dimension we are perceived),and it is impossible to return to the original starting point along it.斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金主要成就Stephen William Hawking's research laid the groundwork for today's understanding of the black hole and the origin of the universe, but according to himself, he said that he was in the animated "The Simpsons" and the science fiction episode "Star Trek: Next Generation" (Star Trek: The Next Generation) is also wonderful.Hawking emphasizes that the universe does not need a Creator or "God" in the "Great Design", "philosophy is dead", which means that mankind will be detached from ignorantself-slavery, denying that pure philosophy and religion can really explain Naturally, it also shows that the major religions are only the ancient spiritual world to explore the unknown, the pursuit of immortal system, rather than the objective truth. With the progress of the times, human civilization is also catch up, not far behind, which is why generations of people of insight to the existence of life and the meaning of the universe. To solve these propositions should have been the task of the philosopher, but unfortunately the highly developed science makes the philosophy can not keep up. Hawking in the "big design" of the opening that "philosophy isdead" is the meaning.Hawking hopes to solve the mystery of the birth of the universe, the 1970s, Hawking quantum mechanics applied to explain the phenomenon of black hole, in the next 30 years, with quantum mechanics to explain the universe has become more difficult. Hawking wanted to find a set of theories that could explain the universe as a whole to illustrate the birth of the 13.7 billion years of the universe until now, but it has not been concluded for years even if it is infinitely close. According to his theory of quantum mechanics, the birth of the universe is the big bang produced, which is a compressed infinitely small but with large gravity of the material (also can be understood as the density of infinite) explosion products. The theoretical category of quantum mechanics can not explain how this process is going to be done. Why is it so? Hawking says "that must have a theory that can describe small-scale gravity."The latest scientific breakthrough is Hawking's colleague, Michael Smith of London's Queen Mary's College (Michael. Green) involved in the construction of the superstring theory, referred to as "string theory", which states that all particles and natural forces are actually in shock In the universe likea small object, to solve the Hawking has always wanted to try to answer the gravity problem, this theory must be established in the universe must have 9,10 or even greater than 11 dimensions, and human beings in the three-dimensional world may only One of the real ones of the universe ...A large number of scientists around the world are doing experiments in space and earth to prove string theory and from experiments to support Hawking's black hole theory and quantum theory. January 24, 20xx, the famous British scientist Professor Stephen Hawking once again with its blackhole-related theory shocked the physics, in a recently published paper admitted that "black hole does not exist," but "gray hole" indeed exist. In a paper entitled "Information Preservation and Weather Forecasting For Black Holes", Hawking points out that "black holes do not exist" because they can not find the boundaries of black holes. In order to solve the "firewall" problem in the new theory set "black hole does not exist", it does not really do not exist. The black hole of the boundary, also known as the "horizon", the classic black hole theory that the black hole outside the material and radiation can enter the black hole through the horizon, and any material and radiation within the black hole can not wear out horizons.Hawking's latest "gray hole" theory that material and energy in the black hole trapped after a period of time, will be re-released into the universe. He admitted in his essay that his initial knowledge of the horizon was flawed, and that light could cross the horizon. When the light flies the black hole core, its movement is like a person running on a treadmill, slowly through the outward radiation and shrink. "The classical black hole theory argues that any matter and radiation can not escape the black hole, and quantum mechanics suggests that energy and information can escape from the black hole." Hawking also pointed out that the interpretation of this escape process requires a gravity And other basic forces of successful integration of the theory. In the past hundred years, no one in physics has tried to explain this process.For Hawking's "gray hole" theory, some scientists expressed approval, it was skeptical. Joseph Polchinski, a theoretical physicist at the Cuban Institute of Theoretical Physics, points out that according to Einstein's theory of gravity, the boundary of the black hole is present, but it differs from the rest of the universe Not obvious. In fact, as early as 20xx, Hawking had made a similar statement. On July 21 of that year, Hawking pointed out at the 17th InternationalSymposium on General Theory of Relativity and Gravitation that the Black Hole was not "completely swallowed" around it, as he and most other physicists had previously thought, Some of the information that is sucked into the depths of the black hole may be released at some point.In 1973, Hawking said he calculated by the conclusion that the black hole in the formation of the process of its quality reduction, but also continue to be in the form of energy to the outside world radiation. This is the famous Hawking radiation theory, the theory mentioned in the black hole radiation does not include the black hole inside the material of any information, once the black hole is concentrated and evaporated disappear, all of which information will disappear, which is the so-called The "black hole paradox". This theory and quantum mechanics of the relevant theories appear contradictory. Because modern quantum physics finds that this material information is never completely gone.For more than 30 years, Hawking tried to explain this contradictory view with various speculations. Hawking has said that the quantum movement of the black hole is a special case, because the gravity in the black hole is very strong, quantum mechanics at this time is no longer applicable. Hawking'sargument does not convince the scientific community of skeptical scholars. It now appears that Hawking finally gave this year's contradictory view of a more convincing answer. Hawking said the black hole never completely shut itself - Hawking radiation, they in a long period of time gradually to the outside world to radiate more and more heat, then the black hole will eventually open themselves and release the material contained in the information.On August 16, 1616, Jeff Steinhauer, a professor at the Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa, proved the quantum effect of Hawking radiation in a paper published in the journal Nature Physics. He made a sound black hole instead of a light black hole, using a long tube with sound particles, the phonon "horizon". In 20xx, Professor Steinhall found that the phonemes were randomly generated in the horizon. In his latest results, Steinhouse proved that these phonons were one of a pair of related phonons, thus proving the quantum effect of Hawking radiation.---来源网络整理，仅供参考。

CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics90th EditionCD-ROM Version 2010Editor-in-ChiefDavid R. LideFormer Director, Standard Reference DataNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyAssociate EditorW. M. “Mickey” HaynesScientist EmeritusNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyEditorial Advisory BoardGrace BaysingerSwain Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Library Stanford University Henry V. Kehiaian ITODYS University of Paris VIILev I. BergerCalifornia Institute of Electronics and Materials Science Kozo Kuchitsu Department of Chemistry Josai UniversityMichael FrenkelNational Institute of Standards and Technology Dana L. RothMillikan LibraryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyRobert N. GoldbergNational Institute of Standards and Technology, retired Daniel Zwillinger Mathematics Department Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteFOREwORD BY ThE PuBLIShERPublishing the 90th edition of this landmark reference is a true milestone in the history of CRC Press. Since its first publication in 1913 – as a 116-page pocket-sized book priced at $2 – the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics has developed into a 2800 page tome that no longer fits anyone’s pocket but still finds a place on every scientist’s bookshelf.Certainly, the tremendous advances in science and technology over the past 96 years have fuelled the increase in the Handbook’s contents, but the immense task of data selection, compilation, and organization has been expertly performed by a succession of Editors, Advisory Board members, and Contributors. These people have played a significant role in shaping the Handbook that we see today, and it is to them that I wish to pay tribute in this Foreword. Covering such large subject areas, the Editors have always relied on a team of subject experts from around the world to contrib-ute articles and tables. A cursory glance over the names credited through the years provides an interesting historical roll call of re-nowned chemists and physicists who have given their time and scientific expertise to the Handbook. These contributors include leaders such as Nobel Laureate Glenn T. Seaborg, space science pioneer James Van Allen, and C. S. “Speed” Marvel, considered the father of synthetic polymer chemistry.Originally conceived by the Ohio-based Chemical Rubber Company as an incentive to encourage sales of their laboratory supplies, the Handbook started life as a small booklet of useful mathematical formulae and laboratory data. By 1913, it had grown to 116 pages and was published in its own right as the Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. The Editor was William R. Veazey, an Associate Professor of Chemistry at the (then) Case School of Applied Science. Who could have predicted that this pocket book was to become so well known that its users came to refer to it as the ‘Rubber Bible’ or, simply, the ‘CRC’? To paraphrase a review of the 88th edition –“if you can’t find a copy in your lab, that’s because someone in the next lab has stolen it.”Veazey’s successor was Charles D. Hodgman, his Assistant Editor for the first edition and an Associate Professor of Physics at Case. Hodgman went on to hold the position of Editor from 1915 to 1963, overseeing 42 editions of the Handbook. Under his Editorship the Handbook grew to over 3000 pages and the cov-erage expanded to include x-ray crystallography, nuclear physics, synthetic polymers, and other fields that did not exist when his first edition appeared.Following Hodgman’s retirement Robert Weast took over the Editorship and published the 45th edition in 1964. Noticeably big-ger with an 8” by 10” page size, the Handbook continued to expand in both scope and magnitude over the next few years. In 1972, The Chemical Rubber Company first published it under the CRC Press imprint, and in the late 1970’s sold off its laboratory supply busi-ness, moved to new headquarters in Florida, and began building its book publishing business.David R. Lide became the Handbook’s fourth Editor in 1989, and took the opportunity to radically overhaul the organization and content to reflect the needs of the modern user. He added, merged, and deleted tables, and during the period of his editorship, up-dated 100 percent of the content. Staying within the confines of a single volume has always meant difficult decisions on which tables to include – often at the expense of others –but with the advent of electronic media, the Handbook is now available electronically and space constraints are less of a problem. Modern production techniques and the move to a larger page size have given the cur-rent Handbook a cleaner and more user-friendly look. Publication of the 90th edition marks David Lide’s final edition as Editor-in-Chief, and the publisher wishes to take this opportunity to thank him for his tremendous expertise and enthusiasm that has helped make the Handbook so indispensable to today’s scientists. Starting with the 91st edition, the Handbook editorship transfers to W.M. “Mickey” Haynes, Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Thermophysics, Scientist Emeritus at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and former Chief of the NIST Physical and Chemical Properties Division. We look for-ward to a new era in the Handbook’s long and illustrious history.Fiona MacdonaldPublisher, CRC PressBoca Raton, FloridaMarch 2009PREFACE TO 90th EDITIONThe 90th Edition of the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics marks a milestone for this reference work, which first appeared in 1913. For almost a century the Handbook has been updated annually, except for a few wartime years, and has served several generations of R&D professionals, engineers, and students. Its aim has always been to provide broad coverage of all types of physical science data commonly encountered by scientists and engineers, with as much depth as can be accommodated in a one-volume format. The data contained in the Handbook have been carefully selected by experts in each field; quality control is a high priority and the sources are documented. The annual updates make it possible to add new and improved data in a timely fashion, and references to more detailed data sources have helped to establish the Handbook as the first place to look for physical and chemical data.This edition also marks the retirement of the current Editor-in-Chief after 20 years in that post. The reception to the changes I have made in the book is very gratifying, and I greatly appreciate the suggestions that have come from the Editorial Board, the contributors, and many users. The new Editor will be W. M. “Mickey” Haynes, who has had long experience in providing physical and chemical data through the National Institute of Standards and Technology and through his service as Editor of the International Journal of Thermophysics. I am confident that he will continue the tradition of excellence the Handbook has achieved.Many new tables and updates are included in the 90th Edition, especially in the following areas:Fluid properties (Sec. 6) - new data over a wider temperature and pressure range for -Water (including D2O) and steam-Air-Refrigerants and other important industrial fluidsBiochemistry (Sec. 7) – new tables on- Enzyme catalyzed reactions- Structure and functions of common drugs- Chemical constituents of human bloodAnalytical chemistry (Sec. 8) – new and expanded tables on-Proton NMR shifts for solvents and other fluids-Mass spectral peaks-Nuclear moments and other data for NMR spectroscopy-Aqueous solubility of organic compoundsAstronomy and geophysics (Sec. 14) – new data on-Properties of the planets and their satellites-Major world earthquakes, 850 AD to 2008-Interstellar moleculesOther new and expanded tables-International recommendations for the expression of uncertainty of measurements-Description of the new IUPAC chemical identifier (InChI)-Nobel prize winners in physics and chemistry-Threshold limits for airborne contaminantsIn addition to offering the full text of the print edition in searchable pdf format, this CD-ROM Version 2010 presents the major tables of numerical data in the form of interactive tables that can be sorted, filtered, and combined in various ways. Substances in these tables can be retrieved bysearching on name, formula, CAS Registry Number, or chemical structure, and such a search can be combined with a request for a desired property. Thus one can request a specific property of a specific substance (for example, viscosity of benzene) and receive a customized table with exactly that information. In addition, the CD-ROM version includes a section with pdf files of many older tables that have been removed from the print edition to make space for new material.Suggestions on new topics for the Handbook and notification of errors are always appreciated. Input from users plays a key role in keeping the book up to date. Address all comments to Editor-in-Chief, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487.The Handbook of Chemistry and Physics is dependent on the efforts of many contributors throughout the world. The list of current contributors follows this Preface. The assistance and support of Dr. Fiona Macdonald, Chemical and Biological Sciences Publisher for CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Books, is greatly appreciated. Finally, I want to thank Mimi Williams, Pam Morrell, Glen Butler, James Yanchak, and Theresa Delforn for their outstanding work in production of the book and the software team at Hampden Data Services for producing the CD-ROM version.David R. Lide2009 AprilThe 90th Edition of the Handbook of Chemistry and Physics is dedicated to my wife,Bettijoyce Breen Lide, and to the members of my familyDavid Alston Lide, Vanessa Lide Whitcomb and David Whitcomb, James Lide and Deborah Horowitz, Quentin Lide and Suzanne Romero, Neil and Lizzie Molino, and Van Molinoand to my grandchildrenDavid A. Lide, Jr., Mary Lide, Grace Lide, David A. Whitcomb, Kate Whitcomb, andZoë LideHow To Cite this ReferenceThe recommended form of citation is: David R. Lide, ed., CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 90th Edition (CD-ROM Version 2010), CRC Press/Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL. If a specific table is cited, use the format: "Physical Constants of Organic Compounds", in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 90th Edition (CD-ROM Version 2010), David R. Lide, ed., CRC Press/Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL.This work contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Best efforts have been made to select and verify the data on the basis of sound scientific judgment, but the author and the publisher cannot accept responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use.© Copyright Taylor and Francis Group LLC 2010CuRREnT COnTRIBuTORSRobert A. AlbertyDepartment of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139Lev I. BergerCalifornia Institute of Electronics and Materials Science2115 Flame Tree WayHemet, California 92545A. K. CovingtonDepartment of Chemistry University of NewcastleNewcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU EnglandJ. R. FuhrAtomic Physics DivisionNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburg, Maryland 20899J. GmehlingUniversität OldenburgFakultät V, Technische ChemieD-26111 Oldenburg, Germany Robert N. Goldberg Biotechnology DivisionNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburg, Maryland 20899Allan H. Harvey Thermophysical Properties Division National Institute of Standards and TechnologyBoulder, Colorado 80305Steven R. HellerChemical and Biochemical Reference Data DivisionNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburg, Maryland 20899 Norman E. HoldenNational Nuclear Data Center Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton, New York 11973Henry V. Kehiaian7, Allee de la Caravelle94430 Chennevieres sur Marne FranceCarolyn A. KohCenter for Hydrate Research Colorado School of Mines1600 Illinois St.Golden, Colorado 80401Willem H. KoppenolDept CHABLab. f. Anorg. Chemie, HCI H211Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10ETH HönggerbergCH-8093 Zürich, SwitzerlandEric W. LemmonThermophysical Properties DivisionNational Institute of Standards andTechnologyBoulder, Colorado 80305Frank J. Lovas8616 Melwood Rd.Bethesda, Maryland 20817Yu-Ran LuoSchool of Chemistry and Material ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology ofChinaHefei 230026, ChinaWilliam C. MartinAtomic Physics DivisionNational Institute of Standards andTechnologyGaithersburg, Maryland 20899Alan D. McNaught8 Cavendish AvenueCambridge CB1 7USEnglandThomas M. MillerAir Force Research Laboratory/VSBP29 Randolph Rd.Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts 01731-3010N. Moazzen-AhmadiDepartment of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Calgary2500 University Drive NWCalgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, CanadaPeter J. MohrPhysics LaboratoryNational Institute of Standards andTechnologyGaithersburg, Maryland 20899I. OzierDepartment of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of British Columbia6224 Agricultural RoadVancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1,CanadaCedric J. PowellSurface and Microanalysis ScienceDivisionNational Institute of Standards andTechnologyGaithersburg, Maryland 20899Joseph ReaderAtomic Physics DivisionNational Institute of Standards andTechnologyGaithersburg, Maryland 20899E. Dendy SloanCenter for Hydrate ResearchColorado School of Mines1600 Illinois St.Golden, Colorado 80401Lewis E. SnyderAstronomy DepartmentUniversity of IllinoisUrbana, Illinois 61801Barry N. TaylorPhysics LaboratoryNational Institute of Standards andTechnologyGaithersburg, Maryland 20899Petr VanýsekDepartment of ChemistryNorthern Illinois UniversityDeKalb, Illinois 60115Wolfgang L. WieseAtomic Physics DivisionNational Institute of Standards andTechnologyGaithersburg, Maryland 20899Christian WohlfarthMartin Luther UniversityInstitute of Physical ChemistryMühlpforte 106108 Halle (Saale), GermanyDaniel ZwillingerMathematics DepartmentRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroy, New York 12180Piotr ZylaParticle Data GroupLawrence Berkeley LaboratoryBerkeley, California 94720。

2022考研英语阅读天体化学Astrochemistry天体化学The great test tube in the sky空中的大试管Space is one big chemistry set宇宙是一个很大的化学装置MOST people think of the empty space between the stars as being, well, empty.大多数人们认为星星之间就是空无一物，但事实并非如此。

But it is not. It is actually filled with gas.实际上有气体弥散其中。

Admittedly, at an average density of 100-1,000 molecules per cubic centimetre, it is apretty thin gas.诚然，分子平均密度102-103/cm3的气体特别淡薄。

But space is big, so altogether there is quite a lot of it.不过由于空间很宽阔，气体分子总体数量是可观的。

Most of it, about 92%, is hydrogen.大部分的气体是氢，另外8%是惰性气体氦。

A further 8% is helium, which is chemically inert.还有一小部分由氧、碳、氮等其他元素构成的分子。

But a tiny fractionless than one-tenth of a percentconsists of molecules with otherelements, such as oxygen, carbon and nitrogen, in them. Though these other elements are amere soupon of the interstellar soup, they do give it real flavour.虽然这些元素仅仅是星际浓汤稍微的调料，但它们的确增加了汤的味道。

空间位阻效应英语The Steric Hindrance Effect in SpaceThe concept of steric hindrance, also known as steric inhibition or steric crowding, is a fundamental principle in organic chemistry and has significant implications in the field of space exploration. This phenomenon occurs when the spatial arrangement of atoms or molecules within a chemical structure impedes or restricts the desired reaction or interaction, often due to the bulkiness or size of the substituents involved.In the context of space exploration, the steric hindrance effect plays a crucial role in the design and development of various spacecraft components, materials, and systems. The unique challenges posed by the harsh environment of space, such as extreme temperatures, radiation, and the absence of gravity, require a deep understanding of how steric effects can influence the performance and stability of these systems.One of the primary areas where steric hindrance becomes a significant consideration is in the selection and engineering of spacecraft materials. The materials used in spacecraft constructionmust be able to withstand the rigors of launch, the vacuum of space, and the various stresses encountered during mission operations. The spatial arrangement of atoms and molecules within these materials can greatly impact their mechanical properties, thermal stability, and resistance to degradation.For instance, the choice of polymers used in spacecraft insulation or structural components must take into account the steric effects that can influence their thermal expansion, flexibility, and resistance to radiation damage. The selection of lubricants and sealants for moving parts, such as hinges or joints, must also consider the steric hindrance that could affect their performance and longevity in the space environment.Another crucial application of the steric hindrance effect in space exploration is the design of spacecraft propulsion systems. The efficient and reliable operation of rocket engines, ion thrusters, or other propulsion technologies often depends on the careful management of the spatial arrangement of reactants, catalysts, or propellants within the system. Steric effects can influence the kinetics of chemical reactions, the flow dynamics of propellants, and the overall efficiency of the propulsion system.Furthermore, the steric hindrance effect plays a significant role in the development of space-based sensors and instrumentation. Thedesign of optical systems, such as telescopes or spectrometers, must account for the spatial constraints imposed by the instrument's components, including lenses, mirrors, and detectors. The arrangement of these elements can impact the system's resolution, sensitivity, and overall performance.In the field of astrochemistry, the steric hindrance effect is also relevant in the study of complex organic molecules and their formation in the interstellar medium. The spatial arrangement of atoms within these molecules can influence their stability, reactivity, and the pathways by which they are synthesized in the harsh conditions of space.To address the challenges posed by steric hindrance in space exploration, researchers and engineers employ various strategies, such as molecular modelling, computational chemistry, and advanced materials science. These tools help them to predict, analyze, and mitigate the effects of steric crowding, enabling the development of more robust and efficient spacecraft systems.In conclusion, the steric hindrance effect is a critical consideration in the design and development of spacecraft, systems, and materials for space exploration. By understanding and leveraging this fundamental principle of organic chemistry, scientists and engineers can create innovative solutions that push the boundaries of what ispossible in the exploration and utilization of the final frontier – the vast expanse of space.。

___给予我生命的力量满分英语作文The Enigmatic Force that Emboldens My Existence.In the grand tapestry of life, we are but mere threads, woven together by an invisible yet profound force that breathes life into our souls and sets our hearts aflame with purpose. It is a force that transcends the physical realm, permeating the very essence of our being, guiding us through the labyrinthine paths of destiny.This enigmatic entity, the giver of life, has been the subject of countless contemplations, debates, and spiritual quests throughout human history. Philosophers, theologians, scientists, and artists have each sought to unravel its mysteries, to comprehend the nature of this extraordinary power that animates our existence.In ancient Greek mythology, it was Zeus, the king of the gods, who wielded the thunderbolt, a symbol of his supreme authority over life and death. In Norse cosmology,Odin, the Allfather, sacrificed an eye to gain wisdom and knowledge, becoming the guardian of the runes that held the secrets of the universe.In the Abrahamic religions, the concept of a creator deity is central to their belief systems. God, the omnipotent and omnipresent being, is seen as the ultimate source of life and the architect of the cosmos. Through divine revelation, humans are said to have been created in God's image, endowed with a unique spark of divinity.Eastern philosophies, such as Buddhism, espouse a more holistic view of life's origins. The Buddha taught that all beings are interconnected through a web of cause and effect, known as karma. Our actions, thoughts, and speech shape our destiny, leading to either enlightenment or suffering.In recent times, scientific advancements have provided us with a deeper understanding of the biological processes that govern life. From the intricate interactions of DNA to the marvel of cellular reproduction, scientists have uncovered the extraordinary complexity and wonder of thenatural world. Yet, despite these remarkable discoveries, the fundamental question of how life first emerged remains largely unanswered.Some scientists believe that life originated from non-living matter through a process called abiogenesis. According to this hypothesis, simple organic molecules gradually formed in the primordial oceans, eventually evolving into self-replicating systems that gave rise to the first living cells.Others posit that life may have been seeded from elsewhere in the universe. The panspermia hypothesis suggests that microscopic organisms could have been transported to Earth by comets, asteroids, or even interstellar spacecraft, leading to the eventual development of life on our planet.Regardless of its origins, the undeniable truth is that life is a precious and extraordinary phenomenon. Each breath we take, each heartbeat that resonates through our bodies, is a testament to the wonder of existence. We arebut temporary custodians of this gift, entrusted with the responsibility to cherish and nurture it.As we navigate the complexities of life's journey, we may encounter moments of doubt, despair, and adversity. Yet, within the depths of our souls, there resides anindomitable spirit, an unyielding force that propels us forward, even when darkness threatens to consume us.This force, the enigmatic giver of life, is not merely an abstract concept or a distant deity. It is an integral part of our very being, a wellspring of resilience, creativity, and hope. It empowers us to rise above challenges, to transcend our limitations, and to forge a path that is uniquely our own.In the words of the renowned philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, "He who has a why to live for can bear almostany how." When we discover our purpose in life, our reason for being, we tap into a wellspring of inexhaustible energy. This force becomes our guiding star, illuminating our path even amidst the darkest of nights.It is in moments of solitude and introspection that we can truly connect with the enigmatic force that animatesour existence. Through meditation, prayer, or simply spending time in nature, we can cultivate an awareness of our interconnectedness with the universe.From the smallest of organisms to the vast expanse ofthe cosmos, we are all part of a grand symphony of life. Each note, each chord, contributes to the harmony of existence. As we embrace our role in this cosmic play, we become more attuned to the rhythms of life, to the subtle whispers of the universe.The enigmatic force that gives us life is not a distant entity but an intimate companion that dwells within us, guiding, inspiring, and empowering us every step of the way. It is the spark that ignites our passions, the flame that burns within our hearts, and the beacon that illuminatesour path through the labyrinth of life.As we cultivate gratitude for this extraordinary gift,we open ourselves up to limitless possibilities. We become capable of transforming our experiences into opportunities for growth, our challenges into stepping stones for greatness. The enigmatic force that gave us life becomes our ally, our inspiration, and our constant companion on this extraordinary journey we call existence.。

·药物研发·醛固酮受体拮抗剂及醛固酮合酶抑制剂的研究进展王雨宁*郭晔堃**钟静芬（中国医药工业研究总院 上海 201203）摘 要已有甾体类醛固酮受体拮抗剂即螺内酯和依普利酮上市，但是两者均存在一定不足。

非甾体的小分子化合物作为新一代的醛固酮受体拮抗剂，finerenone、esaxerenone等都已进入临床阶段，特别是finerenone，基础研究和临床研究显示出较优的安全性和有效性，在降低高钾血症和肾功能损伤方面具有独特的优势。

此外，从醛固酮生物合成途径入手，靶标醛固酮生物合成过程中的关键酶即醛固酮合酶（CYP11B2），开发选择性的CYP11B2抑制剂也是当前研究的热点。

关键词 醛固酮 醛固酮受体 醛固酮合酶 抑制剂中图分类号：R962 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-1533(2019)01-0056-06Research progress in aldosterone receptor antagonistsand aldosterone synthase inhibitorsWANG Yuning*, GUO Yekun**, ZHONG Jingfen(China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China)ABSTRACT Although aldosterone receptor antagonists, such as spironolactone and eplerenone, are available, there still exist some disadvantages. Non-steroidal small molecules have been taken as a novel generation for aldosterone receptor antagonists. Finerenone and esaxerenone are all in clinical trial stage at present, especially for finerenone, its excellent safety and effectiveness have been verified by the basic and clinical studies, which has a unique advantage in lower hyperkalemia and renal injury. In addition, it was found that aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) is the key one for aldosterone biosynthesis from the perspective of the aldosterone biosynthesis pathway. Nowadays, the development of selective CYP11B2 inhibitors is also a research hotspot.KEy WORDS aldosterone; aldosterone receptor; aldosterone synthase; inhibitor1 醛固酮的生理病理作用人类肾上腺皮质球状带区域分泌有盐皮质激素，醛固酮是一种盐皮质激素，能促进肾远曲小管对钠离子、氯离子的重吸收和增加钾离子、氢离子的排出，具有明显的潴钠排钾的作用。

未来生活英语作文80词左右初一全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Future LifeHey there! My name is Jamie and I'm 12 years old. Today, I want to tell you all about what I think life will be like in the future. It's fun to imagine!First off, I think technology is going to keep advancing like crazy. We'll probably have super compact computers and phones that are way more powerful than today's. Maybe they'll even be built right into our glasses or clothes! With better tech, we might have virtual reality gaming that feels 100% real. Or holograms that make it seem like people and objects are actually in the room with you. How cool would that be?I also think robots will become way smarter and more useful. We could have robot assistants that do our chores and run errands for us. Or tiny robot doctors that can go inside our bodies to fix injuries and sicknesses. Robots may even be able to build houses and bridges quickly without human workers. Aslong as the robots are programmed to be good and not take over, they could make our lives so much easier.When it comes to transportation, I hope we develop flying cars or at least self-driving electric cars that never crash. Wouldn't it be awesome to have your car just drop you off and then go park itself? For longer trips, maybe we'll have super-fast vacuum tube trains or personal jetpacks. I'd love to be able to fly myself to school!Our homes and cities could change a lot too. Maybe our houses will be made of special self-cleaning materials that never get dirty. Or they'll have cool features like virtual windows that can show any view you want. Cities might have moving walkways and roadways to get around instead of cars. Or tall buildings with special parks and recreation areas built right into them.When I think about future food, I imagine we'll have 3D food printers that can create any meal or snack instantly. We'll be able to try weird and exotic dishes from around the galaxy if we have interstellar space travel. Though I hope McDonald's is still around so I can get a Happy Meal every now and then!The future of entertainment seems like it will be off the charts amazing. We'll probably have incredible holograms for concerts where it's like the artist is really there. Or total mindsimulation games and movies that let you experience the story yourself. Maybe we'll even have technology to record our dreams and play them back! That would be trippy.As you can probably tell, I'm really excited to see what awesome things are in store. Sure, there could be downsides too if we let technology get out of hand. But I think as long as we're smart and ethical about it, the future is going to bemind-blowingly cool! A kid could have a hard time even imagining it all. Just call me an "oldie" when I'm still using a keyboard and mouse in the year 2050. I can't wait to see what life will really be like!篇2My Vision of the FutureWhat will the future be like? I've thought about this a lot, and to be honest, it's both exciting and a little scary to imagine. Movies and books give us glimpses into potential future worlds, but who knows what will really happen? Here's my vision of how life could change in the decades ahead.TransportationI think transportation will evolve in amazing ways. We already have electric cars that don't need gasoline, but in the future, cars may not even need a driver! Self-driving vehicles could be the norm, using sensors and artificial intelligence to navigate streets and highways on their own. How cool would it be to just tell your car where you want to go, then sit back and relax or get work done during the ride?For longer trips, maybe we'll be able to step into teleportation pods and be instantly transported across long distances. I've seen teleporters in sci-fi movies, and while it seems far-fetched, you never know what revolutionary technologies brilliant scientists may invent.Another wild idea is flying cars. We've had airplanes for a long time, but what if someday regular people could own small, affordable vertical-takeoff aircraft? You could skip traffic jams entirely by taking to the skies. Big cities would need a total transportation overhaul to make room for flyers zipping among the towers.TechnologyPhones and computers are already incredibly advanced, with apps and software that can do almost anything. But I bet thedevices of the future will make today's tech look like Stone Age tools.Wearable tech like smartwatches might be upgraded to become full-fledged wrist communicators, able to make video calls, scan surroundings for info, control other devices, and more. And maybe handheld devices will be replaced by virtual reality visors that can project holographic displays into your field of vision anywhere you go.Smartphones today can already do language translation, but I'm imagining future earpieces that will automatically translate any foreign language instantly as you hear it. That would be incredibly useful for communicating with people anywhere in the world.Robots may become way more advanced too, possibly even human-like androids that can think and learn. These super-smart machines could assist humans as helpers around the house or workplace. Though that brings up questions about ethics and whether robots could become too intelligent and powerful.MedicineOne of the most important areas for technology will be in the medical field. Already we are seeing miracle drugs, AI fordiagnosis, and robots assisting in surgical operations. But the breakthroughs that may happen in the coming decades could be mind-blowing.Imagine if we can create artificial organs using bioprinting and stem cells, or devise ways to regrow damaged body parts. People who are disabled or terminally ill today could have their conditions cured in the future. And hopefully, we'll even be able to slow down or reverse the aging process through genetic therapies and other methods!If we can map the human brain, finding cures for afflictions like Alzheimer's or unlocking new ways to enhance our thinking and learning abilities could follow. Brain-computer interfaces may let us control devices directly with our minds. These kinds of advances would be revolutionary.Living EnvironmentsOur homes and cities are bound to transform dramatically as well. Perhaps homes of the future will have modular,shape-shifting architecture that can rearrange rooms with the touch of a button. Maybe our living spaces will be equipped with immersive virtual windows that can display any surroundings we wish to see.On a larger scale, cities may grow into vast eco-metropolises. Self-sustaining, green urban areas could generate their own renewable power, growing fruits and veggies vertically with towering urban farms and production facilities. Parks and landscaping could mimic natural wilderness preserves, helping to restore environments for local flora and fauna.I also wonder if we'll someday establish permanent colonies in space or on other planets. Can you imagine going on a trip to the Moon or Mars as easily as taking a vacation somewhere on Earth today? Living in rotating space habitats or in underground colonies on extraterrestrial surfaces could become reality.The Challenges AheadEnvironmental problems like climate change, loss of species, and shortage of natural resources may reach crisis levels if we don't find sustainable solutions quickly. Dealing with all this will no doubt be difficult and complex.There's also the unpredictable nature of technological change itself. The future tends to arrive in surprising ways, with inventions that nobody foresaw. So the world 50 or 100 years from now is likely to look quite different than even my wildest imaginings!But I'm still incredibly excited to be part of this journey into the future. With focused effort, creativity, and goodwill, I believe tomorrow's generations can create an amazing new world for all. The possibilities are limitless if we dream big and work together towards a brighter reality. The future starts with us!篇3My Future LifeIn the future, I imagine life will be incredibly advanced with new technologies making everything easier. I think we'll have flying cars that can travel anywhere quickly. Robots will probably help with chores and difficult jobs. School will be very different, with lessons projected holographically or taught by AI tutors. For fun, I bet we'll have incredibly realistic virtual reality games and vacations. While the future sounds exciting, I hope people still value nature, spending time outside and with loved ones. Technology should improve our lives, not replace what's most important.Does this 82 word English essay about future life from a middle school student's perspective work for you? I tried to keep it simple but imaginative based on a young student's view. Please let me know if you need any clarification or revision.篇4The Future LifeWhat will life be like in the future? As a kid, I can't help but wonder and dream about all the amazing possibilities! I've watched tons of sci-fi movies and read plenty of books that give us a glimpse into how advanced our world could become.One thing I'm absolutely certain about - technology is going to keep evolving at a crazy pace. Can you imagine having super computers smarter than any human brain? Scientists say that's going to happen through something called "artificial intelligence." These ultra-intelligent machines will be able to solve the world's most complex problems lightning fast.They could help cure every disease known to man and unlock the secrets of the universe itself! Just think how many lives could be saved and how much further humanity's knowledge could expand. I can't wait until AI tutors are a thing - they'll make learning so much easier and more fun.Another mind-blowing technology that's apparently not too far off is something called "nanotechnology." This deals with engineering stuff at the molecular level - like robots the size of ants or even smaller! Imagine having tiny nanobots patrollingyour body, fixing any damage and keeping you healthy. Or nanobots that can construct anything from scratch by rearranging individual molecules. The possibilities are endless!Living spaces in cities are going to be super crowded in the future though. So experts say buildings could be built waaaaay taller using new lightweight but mega-strong materials. Like skyscrapers that stretch all the way into the clouds! And personal transport will be handled by flying cars zipping through air lanes between those sky-high buildings. No more traffic jams!Or maybe most people will actually live in special human colonies on Mars or other planets by then. How crazy would that be? Though I guess life wouldn't be too different, just with a reddish sky, lower gravity, and having to wear space suits to go outside. At least on Mars there'd be way more room to build! And weekend family picnics on real alien worlds instead of parks...Oh, and virtual reality is definitely going to become like a whole other life realm. With headsets that make ultra-realistic virtual worlds seem 100% real through tricking all five senses. People might have virtual homes, virtual jobs, virtual vacations - basically living half their lives in a simulated digital universe. As good as the real thing while being safer and more convenient!One thing's for sure, the future sure won't be boring! New incredible inventions will keep changing our lives in wonderfully bizarre ways constantly. Part of me will miss the simpler times we live in now. But I'm super stoked to experience everything the amazing future world will have to offer! Bring it on, I say!篇5The Future is Fascinating!Hello, my name is Emily and I'm an 8th grader. Today, I want to talk about how I imagine the future will be like. It's something I think about a lot, especially with all the new technologies coming out. The future seems both amazing and a little scary!First, let's talk about how we'll live. I think in the future, houses are going to be really high-tech. The lights, heating, and appliances will probably all be controlled by voice commands or even our thoughts! Imagine just thinking "Turn on the oven" and it happens. Maybe our houses will even clean themselves with tiny robots vacuuming and dusting. How cool would that be? No more chores!The way we get around will definitely change too. While cars might still be around, I bet they'll drive themselves with computers. You just program where you want to go and take anap or watch a movie during the trip. There could also be those futuristic tubes you see in the movies that can get you across cities in minutes. For longer trips, we may have transporter pads that beam you to another location instantly! Travelling around the galaxy may even be possible one day.School will evolve as well. We may not need to go to physical school buildings if we can put on virtual reality headsets and it's like being in a classroom. The teachers could be holograms teaching us lessons. And we could go on virtual field trips to see historical events or explore the depths of the oceans, all from our homes! Maybe robots could even be the teachers someday. I'm not sure how I feel about that.Our entertainment will change too. Movies and video games will become incredibly realistic with holograms and virtual worlds that feel 100% real. You may not be able to tell if you're in a fake environment or not. We could have multiplayer holographic gaming where it's like you're physically present in the game world with your friends. So much more immersive than today's games!The jobs and careers of the future are really fascinating to think about. We may have professions that don't exist yet, like virtual world designers, robot programmers, or trans-galaxy tourguides for vacationing across the universe. Food and products could be created by nanobots that build themmolecule-by-molecule. Doctors may repair the human body at the nano level and even be able to regrow limbs or organs. It's mind-blowing to imagine!Those are just a few of the possibilities for what the future may hold. While parts of it seem incredible, other parts worrying.I guess we'll have to cross that bridge when we come to it. All I know is that I can't wait to see what life is like in 20, 50 or even 100 years! The future is destined to be fascinating.篇6The Future Life: An Imaginative JourneyHey there! I'm a typical middle school student, but today I'll be your guide into the fascinating world of the future. Get ready to embark on an imaginative journey where anything is possible!I can't wait to show you all the cool stuff that might be waiting for us down the line.First up, let's talk about how we'll be getting around in the future. Can you imagine flying cars zipping through the sky? It sounds like something straight out of a sci-fi movie, but who knows, it could become a reality! Imagine soaring above thetraffic jams and getting to your destination in a flash. Of course, we'll need to figure out how to avoid mid-air collisions and keep everything safe, but that's what brilliant engineers and scientists are for, right?Speaking of transportation, what about teleportation? I know, it sounds crazy, but what if we could just step into a machine and instantly be transported to any location on Earth, or even beyond? No more long flights or road trips – just zip, and you're there! Imagine being able to visit your favorite places or explore new worlds without the hassle of travel. Of course, we'd need some serious scientific breakthroughs to make that happen, but hey, if we can put people on the moon, who's to say teleportation isn't possible?Now, let's talk about where we'll be living in the future. I'm picturing towering skyscrapers that stretch higher than we can imagine, with apartments that look like something out of a futuristic movie set. These buildings could be equipped with all sorts of high-tech features, like smart homes that anticipate our every need, or maybe even robots that help with chores and errands. Can you imagine having your own personal robot butler? That would be so cool!But what about cities themselves? I can envision entire cities that are self-sustaining, powered by renewable energy sources like solar and wind power. These cities could be designed to be eco-friendly, with vertical gardens, recycling systems, and efficient transportation networks that minimize pollution. It would be like living in a futuristic utopia, where we can enjoy all the conveniences of modern life without harming the environment.Speaking of AI, what about robots? I'm not talking about the clunky machines we have today, but sleek, humanoid robots that can interact with us like real people. They could be our companions, assistants, or even friends. Imagine having a robot buddy that can play games with you, help you with your homework, or just hang out and chat. Of course, we'd have to make sure they don't become too intelligent and take over the world, but that's a risk we'll have to manage!And let's not forget about space exploration! By the time we're adults, we might have colonized other planets or even established permanent settlements on the Moon or Mars. Can you imagine living in a domed city on the red planet, looking up at the Martian sky and feeling like a real-life space explorer? Or maybe we'll have developed advanced spacecraft that can takeus to distant star systems, allowing us to explore worlds beyond our wildest dreams.But overall, I'm super excited about what the future might hold. It's going to be an incredible journey, full of discoveries, innovations, and opportunities that we can't even imagine today. So let's embrace the adventure, stay curious, and keep dreaming big! Who knows what amazing things await us in the years to come?。

中国天眼英文作文The Chinese Sky Eye, also known as the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST), is the world's largest single-dish radio telescope. It is located in the Dawodang depression in Guizhou province, China.Imagine standing at the foot of a gigantic dish, 500 meters in diameter, looking up at the sky. The Chinese Sky Eye is truly a marvel of modern engineering and a testament to human curiosity about the universe.FAST has the ability to detect and capture radio signals from distant celestial bodies, allowing scientists to study phenomena such as pulsars, black holes, and interstellar molecules. It has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of the cosmos.The construction of the Chinese Sky Eye began in 2011 and was completed in 2016. It cost approximately 180million dollars to build and has since become a symbol ofChina's growing scientific and technological prowess.The Chinese Sky Eye has already made significant contributions to the field of radio astronomy, and it continues to attract researchers and astronomers from around the world who are eager to use its powerful capabilities for their own studies.The impact of the Chinese Sky Eye extends beyond the scientific community. It has also become a popular tourist attraction, drawing visitors who are fascinated by its sheer size and the mysteries of the universe it seeks to uncover.In conclusion, the Chinese Sky Eye is a remarkable feat of human ingenuity and a valuable tool for expanding our knowledge of the cosmos. Its potential for groundbreaking discoveries makes it an asset not only for China, but for the global scientific community as a whole.。